扬哥西北大学2009 2017真题汇总

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‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜!ü‘ÀJK ( K 30 ©, z K 6 ©)
1. e a ´ê {xn }+∞
n=1 •Œà:, K ( )
A. ∀xn ∈ {xn }, k xn 6 a.
B. ∀ε > 0, ∃N , ∀ n > N , k xn < a + ε.
C. ∃N , ∀ n > N , k xn < a.
D. ∃N , ∀ n > N , k xn 6 a.
2. e (Ø ( ´( )
A. e x = ϕ(t), y = ψ(t), K y 7´ x ¼ê.
B. e f (x) 3 (a, b) SëY, K f (x) 3 (a, b) þk..
C. e f (x) 3 [ a + ε, b − ε ] þëY, K f (x) 3 (a, b) þ˜—ëY.
D. XJ {xn } ´k.ê , K lim 6 sup{xn }.
n→∞
3. |f (x)| 3 [a, b] þŒÈ, K f (x) 3 [a, b] þ ( )

A. ŒÈ.
B. ØŒÈ.
C. Ø˜½ŒÈ.
D. •‡ |f (x)| ëYž, f (x) ÒŒÈ.
∞
X xn
4. ?ê (−1)n−1 3( )
n=1
n
A. [0, 1) þ˜—Âñ.
B. [−1, 1] þ˜—Âñ.
C. [1, +∞) þ˜—Âñ.
D. (−1, 1) SS4˜—Âñ.
5. XJ f (x, y) 3: (x0 , y0 ) ÷?¿•• •• ê•3, K ( )

A. f (x, y) 3 (x0 , y0 ) ëY.
B. f (x, y) 3 (x0 , y0 ) Œ‡.
C. fx (x0 , y0 ), fy (x0 , y0 ) Ñ•3.
D. fx (x, y), fy (x, y) 3 (x0 , y0 ) ëY.
!)‰K ( K 60 ©, z K 10 ©)
1. a > 0, x0 > 0,
1 a
xn = xn−1 + (n = 1, 2, 3, · · · ).
2 xn−1
¦ lim xn .
n→∞
4
x
2. lim f (x) = 0, … f (x) − f = o(x) (x → 0), ¦
x→0 2
f (x)
lim .
x→0 x
3. ?ØÈ© Z 1
xp−1 (1 − x)q−1 dx
0
ñÑ5.
4. Ä: (x, y) 3 ± x2 + y 2 = 1 þ, ¦¼ê
z = xy
•ŒŠÚ• Š.
5. OŽ -È© ZZ
dxdy
I= .
xy(ln2 x + ln2 y)
D
2 2
Ù¥ D ´ x + y = 1 † x + y = 1 ¤Œ²¡«• u1˜–• Ü©.
6. OŽ-¡È© ZZ
I= x2 dydz + y 2 dzdx + z 2 dxdy.
S
Ù¥ S ´-¡ (x − a) + (y − b) + (z − c)2 = R2
2 2
ý.
n!y²K ( K 60 ©, z K 15 ©)
1. é?¿g,ê n 9¢ê α > 1,

1 1 1
xn = 1 + + α + ··· + α,
2α 3 n
Kê {xn } Âñ.
2. ¼ê f (x), g(x) 3 [a, b] þëY, …•3 xn ∈ [a, b] ¦ f (xn+1 ) = g(xn ) (n = 1, 2, 3, · · · ), y²: 7•3
x0 ∈ [a, b] ¦
f (x0 ) = g(x0 ).
3. eé?¿g,ê m, x > m ž, f (x) ´˜šKüO¼ê, Ké?¿ ξ > m k

[ξ]
X Z ξ

f (k) − f (x)dx 6 f (ξ).

k=m m
4. f1 (x) 3 [a, b] þ Riemann ŒÈ, …

Z x
fn+1 (x) = fn (t)dt, n = 1, 2, 3, · · · ,
a
K¼ê {fn (x)} 3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñu 0.
5
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1. ( 15 ©) y²e f (x) 3 [a, b] þëY, K f (x) 3 [a, b] þ7k•ŒŠÚ• Š.
2. ( 18 ©) ?Ø¼ê
1

(x2 + y 2 ) sin p
 , x2 + y 2 6= 0;
2
x +y 2
z = f (x, y) =
x2 + y 2 = 0.

0,
3‹I :?:
(1) ´ÄëY?
(2) ´Ä•3 ê?
(3) ´ÄŒ‡?
∞
X
3. ( 15 ©) ?ê an Âñ, an > 0, …ê {an } üN4~, Áy
n=1
lim nan = 0.
n→+∞
4. ( 12 ©) (½
f (x, y) = 4x + xy 2 + y 2
3 /«• x2 + y 2 ≤ 1 þ •ŒŠÚ• Š.
5. ( 15 ©) f (x) > 0 …3 [0, 1] þëY, ïÄ¼ê

Z 1
yf (x)
g(y) = dx
0 x2 + y 2
ëY5.
6. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [0, 1] þŒ‡, … x ∈ (0, 1) ž, 0 < f 0 (x) < 1, f (0) = 0. Áy:

Z 1 2 Z 1
f (x)dx > f 3 (x)dx.
0 0
7. ( 15 ©) OŽ-¡È©
ZZ
I= (x3 + az 2 )dydz + (y 3 + ax2 )dzdx + (z 3 + ay 2 )dxdy.
Σ
p
Ù¥ Σ •þŒ¥¡ z = a2 − x2 − y 2 þý.
8. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þ˜—ëY, ϕ(x) 3 [a, +∞) þëY,
lim [f (x) − ϕ(x)] = 0,

x→+∞
y²: ϕ(x) 3 [a, +∞) þ˜—ëY.
9. ( 15 ©) y²: e¼ê f (x) 3 (0, +∞) SŒ‡, … lim f 0 (x) = 0, K

x→+∞
f (x)
lim = 0.
x→+∞ x
6
10. ( 15 ©) y²:  x
exu cos yv = √ ;

2
y
exu sin yv = √ .

2
π
3: p0 = (x0 , y0 , u0 , v0 ) = 1, 1, 0, ,+•p(½ •˜ Û¼ê u = u(x, y), v = v(x, y). ¿¦ d2 u
4
3: p0 ? Š.
7
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˜!OŽK ( K 50 ©, z K 10 ©)

1
1. (1) ¦4• lim x , Ù¥ [x] ´ x •Œ êÜ©.
x→0 x
(2) ¦È©
Z +∞
ln x
dx.
0 1 + x2
2. ¦4•
1 1 1
lim + + ··· + .
n→0 n n+1 2n
3. ¦4• Z x
1 2 1 1
lim e−t dt − + 2 .
x→0+ x5 0 x4 3x
4. OŽ Z
x2 ds.
l
Ù¥ l ´¥¡ x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 †²¡ x + y + z = 0 ‚.
5. OŽ-¡È© ZZ
I= x3 dydz + y 3 dzdx + z 3 dxdy,
S
2 2 2
Ù¥ S •¥¡ x + y + z = 1 ý.
!)‰K
1. ( 10 ©) y²¼ê
∞
X sin nx
f (x) =
n=1
n3
3 (−∞, +∞) SëY.
2. ( 15 ©) f 0 (x) 3 [0, a] þëY, … f (0) = 0, y²:

Z a
M a2

f (x)dx ≤ ,

0
2
Ù¥ M = max |f (x)|.
0≤x≤a
3. ( 15 ©) ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, b] þüNO\, …k f (a) ≥ a, f (b) ≤ b, y²•3 x0 ∈ [a, b], ¦
f (x0 ) = x0 .
4. ( 15 ©) ?Ø¼ê
xy


p , (x, y) 6= (0, 0);
x 2 + y2
f (x, y) =

0, (x, y) = (0, 0).
3 (0, 0) : ëY5ÚŒ‡5.
8
Z +∞
5. ( 15 ©) e¼ê f (x) 3 [0, +∞) þ˜—ëY, …Ã¡È© f (x)dx Âñ, K
0
lim f (x) = 0.
x→+∞
6. ( 15 ©) f (x, y) 3: (0, 0) ,‡+•¥ëY,

ZZ
F (t) = f (x, y)dxdy,
x2 +y 2 ≤t2
F 0 (t)
¦ lim+ .
t→0 t
7. ( 15 ©)
Z +∞
x2 t2
F (x) = e 2 e− 2 dt, x ∈ [0, +∞).
x
Áy:
(1) lim F (x) = 0;
x→+∞
(2) F (x) 3 (0, +∞) SüN4~.
9
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1. ( 10 ©) ¦
Rx t2
e 2 cos tdt − x
0
lim .
x→0 (ex − 1)2 (1 − cos2 x) arctan x
2. ( 10 ©) ¦4•
Z 1 √
lim xn x + 3dx.
n→∞ 0
3. ( 12 ©) ®• x
Z c
x+c
lim = tet dt,
x→+∞ x−c −∞
¦~ê c Š.
4. ( 12 ©) ¦-¡È© ZZ
(x + y)z 2 dydz + (x2 y − 2z)dzdx + (2x + z)y 2 dxdy,
S
p
Ù¥ S ´Œ¥¡ z = 1 − x2 − y 2 (x2 + y 2 ≤ 1) þý.
5. ( 10 ©) OŽÈ©:
xdy − ydx
Z
I= 2 2
,
Γ x +y
Ù¥ Γ ••¹ : ˜^©ã1w4-‚, ••.
6. ( 10 ©) y²¼ê
∞
X xn
f (x) =
n=1
n2 ln(1 + n)
3 [−1, 1] þëY.
7. ( 15 ©) Qã¿y²4«mþëY¼ê ":•3½n.
8. ( 15 ©) y²È©
+∞
cos(x2 )
Z
dx,
0 xp
3 |p| ≤ p0 < 1 þ˜—Âñ.
9. ( 12 ©) a > 0, ¦-‚ 
x2 + y 2 = 2az;
x2 + y 2 + xy = a2 .
þ : xy ²¡ •ŒÚ• ål.
10. ( 14 ©) y²: e¼ê f (x) 3 (a, +∞) Œ , … ∀x ∈ (a, +∞), k |f 0 (x)| ≤ M , Ù¥ M ´~ê, K f (x) 3
(a, +∞) ˜—ëY.
11. ( 15 ©) ϕ(x) 3 [0, ∞) þkëY ê, ¿… ϕ(0) = 1, -

ZZZ
f (r) = ϕ(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )dxdydz, (r ≥ 0),
x2 +y 2 +z 2 ≤r 2
000
y²: f (r) 3 r = 0 ?ngŒ‡, ¿¦ f+ (0) (m ê).
12. ( 15 ©) ¼ê {fn (x)} † {gn (x)} 3«m I þ©O˜—Âñu f (x)† g(x), …b½ f (x), g(x) Ñ3 I þ
k., Áy²: {fn (x)gn (x)} 3 I þ˜—Âñu f (x)g(x).
10
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˜!OŽK ( K 52 ©, cÊKzK 8 ©, 18K 12 ©)
1. ¦4•
n n n
lim + + · · · + .
n→∞ n2 + 1 2 n2 + 2 2 n2 + n2
2. ¦4•
πx
lim (2 − x)tan 2 .
x→1
3. ®• f (x) 3 x = a ?Œ , … f (a) > 0, ¦

" #n
f a + n1
lim .
n→∞ f (a)
Z xy
2
4. f (x, y) = e−t dt, ¦
0
x ∂2f ∂2f y ∂2f
− 2 + .
y ∂x2 ∂x∂y x ∂y 2
5. OŽ Z (a,b)
I= ex cos ydx − ex sin ydy.
(0,0)
6. ¦-¡È© ZZ
(y 2 − x)dydz + (z 2 − y)dzdx + (x2 − z)dxdy,
S
2 2
Ù¥ S ´-¡ z = 2 − x − y (1 ≤ z ≤ 2) þý.
!)‰K
1. ( 15 ©) Qã¿y²4«mþëY¼ê k.5½n.
2. ( 15 ©)
f (x, y) = sin x + cos y + cos(x − y),
π π
¦ f (x, y) 3«• 0 ≤ x ≤ , 0 ≤ y ≤ S •ŒŠÚ• Š.
2 2
3. ( 15 ©) ä?ê
+∞
X ln ln n
sin n
n=2
ln n
ýéÂñ5Ú^‡Âñ5.
4. ( 15 ©) ¦4•
Z 1
dx
lim n .
n→∞ 0 1 + 1 + nx
5. ( 14 ©) f (x) 3 [0, 1] þŒ , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 ž, 0 ≤ f (x) ≤ 1, …éu«m (0, 1) S¤k x k f 0 (x) 6= 1, y

²3 [0, 1] þk…=k˜‡ x0 , ¦
f (x0 ) = x0 .
11
6. ( 24 ©) f (u) äkëY ¼ê…
lim f 0 (u) = A > 0, (R > 0),

u→+∞
D = (x, y) : x2 + y 2 ≤ R2 , x, y ≥ 0}

(1) y² lim f (u) = +∞;

u→+∞
ZZ
(2) ¦ IR = f 0 (x2 + y 2 )dxdy;
D
IR
(3) ¦ lim .
R→+∞ R2
12
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1. ¦4•:
( 8 ©) (1) √ √
3
1 + 3x4 − 1 − 2x
lim √ 3
√ .
x→0 1+x− 1+x
f (x)
( 8 ©) (2) ¼ê f (x) 3 x = 0 , •Sk½Â, lim = 1, ¦
x→0 x2
1
f (x) x
lim 1 + .
x→0 x
2. ( 8 ©) : Z xy
F (x, y) = (x − yz)f (z)dz,
x
y
00
Ù¥ f (z) •Œ‡¼ê, ¦ Fxy (x, y).
3. ( 12 ©) Z x
S(x) = | cos t|dt.
0
(1) n• ê… nπ < x < (n + 1)π ž, y²:
2n ≤ S(x) ≤ 2(n + 1);
(2) ¦
S(x)
lim .
x→+∞ x
4. ( 12 ©) OÈ©
ydx − xdy
I
IR =
(x2 + xy + y 2 )
x2 +y 2 =R2
Š¿¦4• lim IR .
R→∞
5. ( 12 ©) OŽ-¡È©: ZZ
(x3 cos α + y 3 cos β + z 3 cos γ)dS.
Σ
2 2 2
Ù¥ Σ Í¡ z = x + y , −1 ≤ z ≤ 0, cos α, cos β, cos γ ´-¡ Σ þ: (x, y, z) ? {‚ ••{u.
6. ( 18 ©) Qã¿y²x÷ ½n.
Z 1
2 2
7. ( 12 ©) f (x) 3 [0, 1] þëY, 3 (0, 1) SŒ , …÷v f (1) = 2 e1−x f (x)dx, ¦y: •3 ξ ∈ (0, 1), ¦
0
f 0 (ξ) = 2ξf (ξ).

∞
X 1 π2
8. ( 18 ©) ®• 2
= ,¦
n=1
n 6
Z +∞
x
dx.
0 ex + 1
13
9. ( 12 ©) ¼ê
2

 a |x| + x2 + y 2 + b sin xy ,
p
x2 + y 2 6= 0;

f (x, y) = x2 + y 4
x2 + y 2 = 0.

0,
3: (0, 0) Œ‡, ¦~ê a, b Š.

f (2x − a)
10. ( 18 ©) f (x) 34«m [a, b] þëY, 3 (a, b) SŒ , … f 0 (x) > 0. e4• lim •3, y²:
x→a+ x−a
(1) 3 (a, b) S f (x) > 0;
(2) 3 (a, b) S•3: ξ, ÷v
b2 − a2 2ξ
Rb = ;
f (x)dx f (ξ)
a
(3) 3 (a, b) S•3† (2) ƒÉ : η, ÷v

Z b
0 2 2 2ξ
f (η)(b − a ) = f (x)dx.
ξ−a a
11. ( 12 ©) ¦¼ê
z = x2 + y 2
√ √
34«• (x − 2)2 + (y − 2)2 ≤ 9 þ •Š.
14
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˜!W˜K (z K 6 ©, K 60 ©)
1. f 0 (x3 + 1) = 1 + 3x6 , … f (0) = 1, K f (x) = .

Z +∞
dx
2. È© 2
= .
1 x (x + 1)
∂z
3. z = y xy , K = .
∂y
4. -¡ ez = x2 + yz 3: P (1, 2, 0) ? ƒ²¡•§• .
∞
X 2n + 3n
5. ˜?ê (x − 1)n Âñ«m• .
n=1
n
Z 1 2
1
6. ln dx = .
0 x
Z
7. -‚ C ´ (x − 1)2 + y 2 = 1 þŒ ±, …± A(2, 0) :•å:, B(0, 0) :•ª:, K-‚È© 3x2 (y +
C
1)dx + x3 dy = .
1 + 2 + · · · + np
p p
8. p 6= −1, K lim = .
n→∞ np+1

 ax + b, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

9. f (x) = ex − b 3 x = 1 ëY, K a = , b= .

 , 1<x≤2
x−1
10. ¼ê sin2 x ðŽN ?ê• .
!OŽ†y² (zK 15©)
1. ¦¼ê
Z x2
f (x) = (2 − t)e−t dt
0
•Œ†• Š.
2. ¦4•
1
sin x x2
lim .
x→0 x
3. ¦˜?ê
∞
X n2 + 1 n−1
x
n=1
n
Ú¼ê S(x).
4. OŽÈ© ZZZ
I= (x + y + z)dxdydz.
D
Ù¥ D ´d²¡ x + y + z = 1 9n‡‹I¡Œ¤.
15
5. f (x) 3 [0, +∞) äkëY ê, … x ∈ (0, +∞) ž, k |f (x)| ≤ M0 < +∞, |f 00 (x)| ≤ M2 < +∞,
y²:
(1)
2M0 t
|f 0 (x)| ≤ + M2 ,
t 2
é ∀t > 0, x > 0 ¤á;
(2)
p
|f 0 (x)| ≤ 2 M0 M2 , x ∈ [0, +∞).
6. f0 (x) 3 [a, b] þëY, g(x, y) 34«• D = {a ≤ x ≤ b, a ≤ y ≤ b} þëY, ∀x ∈ [a, b], -

Z x
fn (x) = g(x, y)fn−1 (y)dy, n = 1, 2, · · · .
a
y²: fn (x) 3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñu 0.
16
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1. ( 10 ©) ¦¼ê
"
1
# x1
 (1 + x) x

 , x 6= 0;
f (x) = e


1, x = 0.

3 x > −1 þ mä:, ¿`²a..
2. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [0, 1] ëY, y²:

v
u n n
f i = max |f (x)|.
uX
n
lim t
n→+∞ n
i=1
0≤x≤1
Z 1
2
3. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [0, 1] þŒ , … f (1) − 2 xf (x)dx = 0. y²: •3 ξ ∈ (0, 1), ¦
0
f (ξ)
f 0 (ξ) = − .
ξ
4. ( 15 ©) (1) ò arctan x Ðm• x ˜?ê¿¦ÂñŒ».

(2) y²
4 4 4
π =4− + − · · · + (−1)n−1 + · · ·.
3 5 2n − 1
5. ( 15 ©) OŽ:
xdy − ydx
I
I= ,
C 4x2 + y 2
Ù¥ C ´± (0, 1) • %, Œ»• r (r 6= 1) ±.
6. ( 15 ©) ¦ ZZZ
1 3
lim sin(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2 dxdydz.
t→0 t6
x2 +y 2 +z 2 ≤t2
7. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þëY…

Z +∞
f (x)dx
0
Âñ,
(1) ¯´Ä7k lim f (x) = 0? •Ÿo?
x→+∞
(2) y²•3ê xn ∈ [a, +∞) ÷v lim xn = +∞, lim f (xn ) = 0.

n→+∞ n→∞
8. ( 15 ©) ?Ø¼ê 
(x2 + y 2 ) sin 1
 , x2 + y 2 6= 0;
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, x2 + y 2 = 0.

3 (0, 0) :? Œ‡59 ê ëY5.
9. ( 15 ©) y²: f (x) 3«m I þ˜—ëY ¿‡^‡´: é I þ?¿ü‡ê {x0n } † {x00n }, x0n − x00n → 0
k
f (x0n ) − f (x00n ) → 0.
17
10. ( 20 ©) ¦È©
Z 1
ln(1 + x)
I= dx.
0 1 + x2
18
o
1. ( 10 ©)
sin ex

1

 − (1 + x) x , x > 0;
f (x) = xZ x
1

 a (1 − cos t)dt, x < 0.
x 0
3 x = 0 ?ëY, ¦ a, b.
2. ( 15 ©) f (x), g(x) 3 [a, b] þëY, 3 (a, b) SŒ , … f (a) = f (b) = 0, y²: •3 ξ ∈ (a, b), ¦
f 0 (ξ) + g 0 (ξ)f (ξ) = 0.
3. ( 15 ©) f (x), g(x) 3 [a, b] þëY, f (x) ≥ 0, g(x) > 0, y²:

! n1
Z b
n
lim f (x)g(x)dx = max f (x).
n→∞ a x∈[a,b]
4. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 (−∞, +∞) þëY,

n−1
X 1 k
fn (x) = f x+ ,
n n
k=0
y²: {fn (x)} 3?Ûk•«mþ˜—Âñ.
5. ( 15 ©) ¼ê 
(x2 + y 2 ) sin 1
 , x2 + y 2 6= 0;
f (x, y) = x2 + y2
0, x2 + y 2 = 0.

¦f ê¿?ØëY5, ?Ø f 3 (0, 0) : Œ‡5.

+∞
X (−1)n−1 π2
6. ( 15 ©) ®• 2
= ,¦
n=1
n 12
Z +∞
x
I= dx.
0 1 + ex
7. ( 15 ©) y²
Z +∞
sin xt
F (x) = dt
0 1 + t2
3 (0, +∞) SëY…Œ‡.
8. ( 15 ©) ¦-‚ y 2 = x, y 2 = 4x, xy = 1, xy = 2 Œ¤ ã/ D ¡È.

→
−
9. ( 20 ©) S •µ41w-¡, •þ l •?¿ ½ ®••þ, ¦
ZZ →
− −
cos l , →
n dS,
S
→
−
n • {‚ü •••þ.
19
10. Ü ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
o
1. ( 10 ©) y² x3n + x3n+1 + x3l+2 U x2 + x + 1 Ø. (n, l ∈ Z)
2. ( 10 ©) f (x) ´˜‡ n g õ‘ª, Áyéu?¿ ê a, õ‘ª
axn+1 f (x) 9 xf (x) + a
Ñ´ õ‘ª.
3. ( 15 ©) A •¢é¡Ý , y²: é?¿ Ûê m, 7k¢é¡Ý B, ¦
Bm = A
¤á.
4. ( 15 ©) -•§|



 a11 x1 + a12 x2 + · · · + a1n xn = b1 ;


a21 x1 + a22 x2 + · · · + a2n xn = b2 ;


.. (1)
.






an1 x1 + an2 x2 + · · · + ann xn = bn .

† 


 A11 x1 + A12 x2 + · · · + A1n xn = C1 ;


A21 x1 + A22 x2 + · · · + A2n xn = C2 ;

.. (2)
.






An1 x1 + An2 x2 + · · · + Ann xn = Cn .

Ù¥ Aij • aij 3Xê1 ª D = |aij | ¥ “ê{fª, y²•§| (1) k•˜) ¿©7‡^‡´ (2) k
•˜).
5. ( 15 ©) V Éê•þ n ‘‚5˜m, ‚5C† A 3Ä ε1 , ε2 , · · · , εn e Ý ´˜e ¬Ý , y

² V ¥?¿š" A ˜f˜mÑ•¹ εn .
6. ( 15 ©) OŽ n 1 ª

x+a
1 a2 ··· an

a1 x + a2 ··· an
, (x 6= 0).

.. .. ..

. . .

a1 a2 ··· x + an
7. ( 15 ©) α1 , α2 , · · · , αn ´ n ‘‚5˜m V ˜|Ä, A ´˜ n × s Ý ,
(β1 , β2 , · · · , βs ) = (α1 , α2 , · · · , αn )A.
y²: L(β1 , β2 , · · · , βs ) ‘ê u A •.
8. ( 20 ©) ®• g.
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x21 + 3x22 + 3x23 + 2ax2 x3 (a > 0)
ÏL C†Œz•IO/ y12 + 2y22 + 5y32 . ¦ëê a 9¤^ C†Ý .
20
9. ( 20 ©) ‰½ P 3 ü|Ä
ε1 = (1, 0, 1), ε2 = (2, 1, 0), ε3 = (1, 1, 1),

η1 = (1, 2, −1), η2 = (2, 2, −1), η3 = (2, −1, −1).
A ´ P3 ‚5C†, … A εi = ηi (i = 1, 2, 3).
(1) ¦ A 3Ä ε1 , ε2 , ε3 e Ý ;
(2) ¦ A 3Ä η1 , η2 , η3 e Ý .
10. ( 20 ©) Ý A Š‘Ý
 
1 0 0 0
 
∗
 0 1 0 0 
A =
 1
.
 0 1 0 

0 −3 0 8
… ABA−1 = BA−1 + 3E, ¦Ý B.
21
o
1. ( 15 ©)
xn − 1|(x − 1)[f1 (xn ) + xf2 (xn ) + x2 f3 (xn ) + · · · + xn−2 fn−1 (xn )],
¦y: x − 1|fi (x) (i = 1, 2, · · · , n − 1).
2. ( 15 ©) n ≥ 2, f1 (x), f2 (x), · · · , fn (x) ´'u x gê u½ u n − 2 õ‘ª, a1 , a2 , · · · , an •?

¿ê, y²: 1 ª

f (a ) f (a ) · · · fn (a1 )
1 1 2 1

f1 (a2 ) f2 (a2 ) · · · fn (a2 )
= 0.

.. .. ..

. . .

f1 (an ) f2 (an ) · · · fn (an )
¿Þ~`²^‡“gê ≤ n − 2” ´ØŒ" .
3. ( 15 ©) ‚5•§| 
 2x + x2 − x3 = 1;
 1


x1 − x2 + x3 = 2;



4x + 5x − 5x = −1.
1 2 3
† 
ax1 + bx2 − x3 = 0;
2x − x + ax = 3.
1 2 3
Ó), ¦Ï)9 a, b.
4. ( 15 ©) A •n ‡é¡¢Ý , y²:
(1) E + A Œ_;
(2) Q = (E − A)(E + A)−1 ´˜‡ Ý .
5. ( 20 ©) Á^ ‚5O†ò g.
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 − 2x22 − 2x23 − 4x1 x2 + 4x1 x3 + 8x2 x3
z¤IO/, ¿ Ñ¤^ ‚5O†ÚOŽL§.
6. ( 15 ©) A •n×n ½¢é¡Ý , S • n × n ¢‡é¡Ý , Áy: 1 ª
|A + S| > 0.
7. ( 20 ©) V1 , V2 ©O´àg‚5•§|
x1 + x2 + · · · + xn = 0
†
x1 = x2 = · · · = xn
)˜m. y² n ‘¢•þ˜m Rn ´ V1 † V2 †Ú.
22
8. ( 20 ©) ± Rn [x] L«gêØ‡L n ¢Xêõ‘ª ¤ ¢•þ˜m, Ù\{´õ‘ª\{, ê¦$Ž´¢
d
ê¦õ‘ª, ± D = L«¦õ‘ª ê ¦ Žf, K D • Rn [x] þ ‚5C†.
dx
(1) Áy: 1, x, · · · , xn ´ Rn [x] þ ˜|Ä;
(2) ¦ D 3þãÄe Ý ;
(3) Áy: n ≥ 1 ž, D ØUé z.
9. ( 20 ©) V ´ n ‘îª˜m, A ´ V þ ‚5C†, ¿…÷v^‡: é?¿ α, β ∈ V , k
(A (α), β) = (α, A (β)),
Ù¥ (ξ, η)L«•þ ξ, η SÈ.

(1) y²: A áuØÓA Š A •þ´ƒp ;
(2) y²: e A 2 = A , K V0 = V1⊥ , Ù¥ V0 , V1 ©OL« A 'uA Š0 Ú1 A f˜m, V1⊥ L«
V1 Ö˜m.
23
o
1. ( 15 ©) OŽ1 ª

1−a a 0 0 0

−1 1 − a a 0 0

D5 = 0 −1 1−a a 0 .

0
0 −1 1−a a

0 0 0 −1 1−a
2. ( 15 ©) Á¯ t ÛŠž, ¢ g.
f (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = t(x21 + x22 + x23 ) + 2x1 x2 + 2x1 x3 − 2x2 x3 + x24 ,
• ½ g.?
3. ( 15 ©) ?Ø a, b •ÛŠž, •§|



 x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0;


x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 = 1;




 −x2 + (a − 3)x3 − 2x4 = b;


3x + 2x + x + ax = −1.
1 2 3 4
Ã); k•˜); kÃ¡õ). kÃ¡õ)ž, ¦Ñ˜„).
4. ( 15 ©) ε1 , ε2 , ε3 , ε4 ´ 4 •‚5˜m V ˜|Ä, ‚5C† A 3ù|Äe Ý •

 
1 0 2 1
 
 −1 2 1 3 
 .
 1 2 5 5 
 
2 −2 1 −2
¦A Š•ÚØ.
5. ( 15 ©) ξ1 , · · · , ξs ´,‡àg‚5•§| ˜‡Ä:)X, η1 , · · · , ηk ´Tàg‚5•§| k ‡‚5

Ã' ). y²: e k < s, K3 ξ1 , · · · , ξs ¥7Œ Ñ s − k ‡•þ¦ † η1 , · · · , ηk Ó ¤Tàg‚5
•§| ˜‡Ä:)X.
6. ( 15 ©) • A ÷v
A2 + 2A − 3E = 0,
E •ü Ý .
(1) y²: A + 4E Œ_, ¿¦Ù_Ý ;
(2) n •g,ê, ?Ø A + nE Œ_5.
7. ( 20 ©) ¢ g.
s
X 2
f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = (ai1 x1 + ai2 x2 + · · · + ain xn ) ,
i=1
y²: f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) • uÝ A = (aij )s×n •.
24
8. ( 20 ©) ¦ 7 gõ‘ª f (x) ¦ f (x) + 1 U (x − 1)4 Ø, f (x) − 1 U (x + 1)4 Ø.
9. ( 20 ©) (1) ¦Ý
 
0 1 1 1
 
 0 0 1 1 
A=
 0
.
 0 0 1 

0 0 0 0
e ( Jordan) IO/, ¿OŽ eA .

A2 A3
(5: Ï~½Â eA = E + A + + + ···)
2! 3!
(2) Ý
 
4 4.5 −1
 
B=
 −3 −3.5 1 .
−2 −3 1.5
¦ B 2011 . (°( ê: 4 )
25
o
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 30 ©)
1. õ‘ª f (x) ax − b (a 6= 0) Ø¤ {ª• .

3 0 4 0

2 2 2 2
2. 1 ªD = . K1o1ˆ ƒ {fªƒÚ Š• .
0 −7 0 0

5 3 −2 2
 
k 1 1 1
 
 1 k 1
1 
3. Ý A=
 1
 . … r(A) = 3. K k = .
 1 k 1  
1 1 1 k
 
1 0 2
 
4. A •n Ý , r(A) = 2, Ý B =   0 2 0  . K r(AB) =
 .
−1 0 3
5. n ¢ g. f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = (x1 + a1 x2 )2 + (x2 + a2 x3 )2 + · · · + (xn−1 + an−1 xn )2 + (xn + an x1 )2 .

a1 , a2 , · · · , an ÷v^‡ ž, f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) • ½ g..
6. A •n Ý , |A| 6= 0, A∗ • A Š‘Ý ,E •n ü Ý , e A kA Š λ, K (A∗ )2 + E 7kA

Š .
!)‰K.
1. ( 10 ©) k‚5•§| 
x1 + λx2 + µx3 + x4 = 0;



2x1 + x2 + x3 + 5x4 = 0;



3x + (2 + λ)x + (4 + µ)x + 4x = 1.
1 2 3 4
®• (1, −1, 1, −1) ´T•§| ˜‡).

(1) ¦Ñ•§| Ü), ¿^éA àg‚5•§| Ä:)XLÑ Ü);
(2) ¦ÑT•§|÷v x2 = x3 Ü).
2. ( 10 ©) ¦˜ O†, z g.
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 + 4x22 + 4x23 − 4x1 x2 + 4x1 x3 − 8x2 x3
•IO/.
3. ( 10 ©) ®• P 2×2 ‚5C†
A (X) = M X − XM,
!
1 2
Ù¥M = , X ∈ P 2×2 . ¦‚5C† A Ø†Š•.
0 3
4. ( 10 ©) n×n Ý
26
 
0 0 ··· 0 1
1 0 ··· 0 0 
 

 
A=
 0 1 ··· 0 0 .
 .. .. .. .. 
. . . . 
 

0 0 ··· 1 0
¦A e ( Jordan) IO/.
5. ( 20 ©) V ´ê• P þ ˜‡ n ‘‚5˜m, α1 , α2 , · · · , αn ´ V ˜|Ä, ^ W1 L«d α1 +α2 +· · ·+αn

)¤ f˜m, ¿- ( )
n
X Xn
W2 = ki αi ki = 0, ki ∈ P .

i=1 i=1
(1) y²: W2 ´ V f˜m;

(2) y²: V = W1 ⊕ W2 .
6. ( 20 ©) y²: Ø•3 Ý A, B, ¦
A2 = AB + B 2 .
7. ( 20 ©) y²:
(x2 + x + 1)(x2012 + x2011 + 1).

8. ( 20 ©) A Éê•þ • , y²:
(1) A A Šþ•" …= •3 êm ¦
Am = 0;
(2) e•3 ên ¦ An = 0,K7k

|A + E| = 1.
(d? E L«† A Ó ü Ý ).
27
o
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 30 ©)

2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4
1. 1 ª D = , Aij L«1 i 11 j ƒ “ê{fª, K A11 + A12 + A13 + A14 =
1 4 9 16

1 8 27 64
.
! !
−1 3 −1 0
2. A = P −1 ΛP , D = ,Λ= , K A10 = .
1 2 0 2
 
1 0 0
• A∗ , K (A∗ )−1 =
 
3. A=
 2 2 0 
 Š‘Ý .
3 3 3
4. f (x) =k¢Š, a ´ f 0 (x) -Š, K f (a) = .
5. V ´ n ‘‚5˜m, U † W ´ V ü‡ƒÉ n − 1 ‘f˜m, K dim(U ∩ W ) = .
6. g. f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 +4x22 +4x23 +2λx1 x2 −2x1 x3 +4x2 x3 , λ ÷v^‡ ž, f (x1 , x2 , x3 )

• ½ g..
!)‰K.
1. ( 15 ©) f (x) Ú g(x) •ê• P þ õ‘ª, n •g,ê. y²:
f (x) † g(x) pŸ ⇔ f (xn ) † g(xn ) pŸ.
2. ( 15 ©) A •n • … A2 = A, y²:
r(A) + r(E − A) = n.
3. ( 10 ©) OŽ

1 1 1 1 1

a a+1 a+1 a+1 a+1

b a+b 2b c+b d+b .

c a2 + c b2 + c c2 + c d2 + c

a4 + d b4 + d c4 + d d4 + d

d
4. ( 15 ©) p •ƒê, òõ‘ª
xp+1 + xp − x − 1
3knê•þ©)•ØŒ õ‘ª ¦È.
5. ( 15 ©) α1 = (1, 0, 2, 3)0 , α2 = (2, 1, −1, 0)0 , α3 = (3, 1, 1, 3)0 , ¦˜± L(α1 , α2 , α3 ) •)˜m àg‚5
•§|.
28
6. ( 30 ©) V ´ n ‘‚5˜m, ε1 , ε2 , · · · , εn ´ V ˜|Ä, V ‚5C† A ½Â•

A εi = εi+1 , i = 1, 2, · · · , n − 1;
A ε = 0.
n
(1) ¦ A 3Ä ε1 , ε2 , · · · , εn e Ý A;
(2) ¦ A Š•ÚØ ‘ê;
(3) y²: A n = 0, A n−1 6= 0.
eV ,˜‡‚5C† B ÷v B n = 0, B n−1 6= 0, Áy•3 V ˜|Ä¦ B 3T|Äe Ý •´
A.
7. ( 20 ©) g.
f = k(x21 + x22 + x23 + x24 ) + 2x1 x2 + 2x1 x3 − 2x1 x4 − 2x2 x3 + 2x2 x4 + 2x3 x4 ,
(1) e f • ½ g., ¦ k Š‰Œ;

(2) e f ÏL ‚5O†z•IO/ g = 3y12 + 3y22 + 3y32 − y42 , ¦ k Š.
29
o
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 30 ©)
1. f (x) = (x − 2)2013 (x2 − x + 2)2014 , K f (x) Ðmª¥ˆ‘XêƒÚ• .
2. A´ Ý
… |A| = −1, K |E + A| = .

λx1 + x2 + λ2 x3 = 0;



3. àg‚5•§| x1 + λx2 + x3 = 0; XêÝ P• A, e•3n • B 6= 0, ¦ AB = 0, K



x + x + λx = 0.
1 2 3
λ= , |B| = .
4. α1 = (2, 1, −3)0 , α2 = (1, 0, −1)0 , α3 = (3, 2, −5)0 , β = (1, −3, a)0 , γ = (b, −2, 1)0 , •þ| α1 , α2 , α3 †•
þ| α1 , α2 , α3 , β, γ d, K a = , b= .
5. g. f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 +x22 +5x23 +2λx1 x2 −2x1 x3 +4x2 x3 , K λ ÷v^‡ ž, f (x1 , x2 , x3 )

• ½ g..
1 1 1 1
6. eo Ý A † B ƒq, Ý A A Š• , , , , K1 ª |B −1 − E| = .
2 3 4 5
!)‰K.
1. ( 15 ©) ¦÷v
f (x2 ) = f (x)f (x + 1)
š~êõ‘ª f (x).
2. ( 20 ©) OŽe 1 ª
(1)
an
1 an−1
1 b1 ··· bn1

an2 an−1 bn2

2 b2 ···
, a1 a2 · · · an+1 6= 0;

. .. ..
.. . .

an−1
n
bnn+1

an+1 n+1 bn+1 ···
(2)

1 a a2 ··· an

b11 1 a ··· an−1

b21 b22 1 ··· an−2 .

.. .. .. ..
. . . .

bn1 bn2 bn3 ··· 1
3. ( 15 ©) A • n × n Ý , A∗ • A Š‘Ý , y²: XJ A2 = A, @o



 0, r(A) = n;

∗
r(A − E) = n − 1, r(A) = n − 1;



n, r(A) < n.
4. ( 15 ©) A •m 14 Ý , r(A) = 3, α1 , α2 , α3 ´•§| Ax = 0 ), ®• α1 + α2 = (2, 2, 4, 6)0 , α1 +

2α3 = (0, 3, 0, 6)0 , ¦ Ax = b Ï).
30
5. ( 30 ©) A ´‚5˜m V þ ‚5C†, A V † A −1 (0) ©OL« A Š•†Ø, y²±eA^ d:
(1) A 2 = A ;
(2) A V = (E − A )−1 (0), = A Š• uE −A Ø;
(3) V = A −1 (0) ⊕ (E − A )−1 (0).
 
1
 
 1 
 
 .. 

 . 

(4) A 3 V ,|Äe Ý • 1 .
 
 

 0 

 .. 

 . 

0
(5) •3 V f˜m U Ú W , ¦ V = U + W , …é?¿ α ∈ V, α = α1 + α2 , α1 ∈ V, α2 ∈ W žk
A α = α1 .
6. ( 10 ©) ¦EXêÝ  
3 0 8
 
−1 .
 3 6 

−2 0 −5
e IO..
7. ( 15 ©)
 
0 1 0 0
 
 1 0 0 0 
A=
 0
.
 0 2 1 

0 0 1 2
¦ Ý P, ¦ (AP )0 (AP ) •é /Ý .
31
o
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 30 ©)
1. õ‘ª f (x3 + 1) Ø±õ‘ª x2 − 1 {ª r(x) = .
2. A, B ´ n • , ÷v A2 = B 2 = E … |A| + |B| = 0, K |A + B| = .
 
1 2 −2
  →
− →
−
3. A=  2 −1 λ  , en š"• B ˆ þ••§| A x = 0 ), K λ = .

3 1 −1
4. V • n ‘‚5˜m, U † W ´ V ü‡ƒÉ n − 1 ‘f˜m, K dim(U ∩ W ) = .
5. g. f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 +x22 +5x23 +2λx1 x2 −2x1 x3 −4x2 x3 , K λ ÷v^‡ ž, f (x1 , x2 , x3 )

• ½ g..
6. en • A A Š• 1, −1, 2, K |(A∗ )2 + E| = .
!)‰K.
1. ( 10 ©) OŽ1 ª
1+x 1 1 1

1 1−x 1 1

1 .
1 1+z 1

1 1 1 1−z
2. ( 20 ©) n 1 ª

a +x
11 a12 + x ··· a1n + x

a21 + x a22 + x ··· a2n + x
Dn (x) = .

.. .. ..

. . .

an1 + x an2 + x · · · ann + x
(1) ò Dn (x) L«•U x ˜ü õ‘ª;

(2) y²1 ª Dn (0) ¤k ƒ “ê{fª Ú u1 ª

1 1 ··· 1

a21 − a11 a22 − a12 ··· a2n − a1n

D0 = a31 − a11 a32 − a12 ··· a3n − a1n .

.. .. ..
. . .

an1 − a11 an2 − a12 ··· ann − a1n
3. ( 15 ©)
f (x) = x3 − (a1 + a2 + a3 )x2 + (a1 a2 + a1 a3 + a2 a3 )x − (a1 a2 a3 + 1),
a1 , a2 , a3 ´pØƒÓ ê, y²: f (x) 3knê•þØŒ .
4. ( 10 ©) V1 † V2 ©O´‚5•§| x1 + x2 + · · · + xn = 0 † x1 = x2 = · · · = xn )˜m, y²:
P n = V1 ⊕ V2 .
32
5. ( 10 ©) A´ Ý … E + A Œ_, y²: e B = (E − A)(E + A)−1 , K
B 0 = −B.
6. ( 30 ©) A ´‚5˜m V þ ‚5C†, A V † A −1 (0) ©OL« A Š•†Ø, y²±eA^ d:

(1) A 2 = A ;
(2) V = A −1 (0) ⊕ (E − A )−1 (0), ùp E L«ð C†.
 
1
 
 1 
 
 .. 

 . 

(3) A 3 V ,|Äe Ý •  1 .
 
 

 0 

 .. 

 . 

0
7. ( 10 ©) A • n × n Ý , A∗ • A Š‘Ý , y²: XJ A2 = E, @o
r(A∗ + E) + r(A∗ − E) = n.
8. ( 15 ©) ¦EXêÝ  
1 −1 2
 
 3
 −3 6 

2 −2 4
Ð Ïf.
9. ( 15 ©) A ´ g.
f = 2x21 + ax22 + ax23 + 4x2 x3
Ý . ®• a > 1 … 1 ´ A ˜‡A Š, Á^ C†z g. f •IO/.
33
o
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 20 ©)

a a2 a3 a4
1

a2 a2 a4 a5
1. ®• D = , K1n ˆ ƒ “ê{fªƒÚ Š• .
a3 a2 a5 a6

a4 a6 a2 a7

 x + 2x2 − 2x3 = 0;
 1


2. àg‚5•§| 2x1 − x2 + λx3 = 0; XêÝ • A. e•3n š"Ý B ¦ AB = 0, K



3x + x − x = 0.
1 2 3
λ= .
3. g . f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 + 4x22 + 4x23 + 2λx1 x2 − 2x1 x3 + 4x2 x3 , K λ ÷ v ^ ‡ ž,

f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) • ½ g..
4. A ń ¢é¡Ý , ÷v A3 − 3A2 + 3A − 2E = 0. K A A Š• .
!)‰K.
1. ( 10 ©) k‚5•§| 
x1 + λx2 + µx3 + x4 = 0;



2x1 + x2 + x3 + 2x4 = 0;



3x + (2 + λ)x + (4 + µ)x + 4x = 1.
1 2 3 4
®• (1, −1, 1, −1) ´T•§| ˜‡).

(1) ¦Ñ•§| Ü), ¿^éA àg‚5•§| Ä:)XLÑ Ü);
(2) ¦ÑT•§|÷v x2 = x3 Ü).
2. ( 10 ©) zÝ
 
3 −4 0 0
 
 4 −5 0 0 
A= 
 0
 0 3 −2 

0 0 2 −1
•e (Jordan) IO/.
3. ( 10 ©)  
1 −2 2
 
A=
 −2 4 .
−4 
2 −4 4
¦ Ý T ¦ T 0 AT = T −1 AT •é .
4. ( 10 ©) ®• P 2×2 ‚5C†
A (X) = M X − XM,
!
1 2
Ù¥M = , X ∈ P 2×2 . ¦‚5C† A Ø†Š•.
0 3
34
5. ( 10 ©)  
1 0 0
 
A=
 0 1 ,
0 
3 1 2
W = B|B ∈ P 3×3 , AB = BA .

¦W ‘ê†˜|Ä.
6. ( 20 ©) A Éê•þ • , y²:
(1) A A Šþ•" …= •3 ê m, ¦
Am = 0;
(2) e•3 ê n, ¦ An = 0, K7k

|A + E| = 1.
(d? E L«† A Ó ü Ý ).
7. ( 20 ©) y²:
(x2 + x + 1)(x2015 + x2014 + 1).

8. ( 20 ©) ¢ g.
s
X 2
f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = (ai1 x1 + ai2 x2 + · · · + ain xn ) ,
i=1
y²: f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) • uÝ A = (aij )s×n •.
9. ( 20 ©) ¦ 7 gõ‘ª f (x) ¦ f (x) + 1 U (x − 1)4 Ø, f (x) − 1 U (x + 1)4 Ø.
35
o
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 30 ©)
1. 1 ´õ‘ª x7 + 2x6 − 6x5 − 8x4 + 17x3 + 6x2 − 20x + 8 -Š.
2. k •‰½ Œu 1 ê, e • þ | α1 , α2 , α3 , · · · , α2k ‚ 5 Ã ', K • þ | α1 + α2 , α2 +

α3 , · · · , α2k−1 + α2k , α2k + α1 ‚5 .
3. A ´3 Ý , |A| = 4, A∗ ´ A Š‘Ý . eò A 1˜1Ú1 1p† Ý B, K |BA∗ | =

.
4. α1 = (1, 1, 0), α2 = (1, 0, 1), α3 = (0, 1, 1), α4 = (1, 2, 3), - W1 Ú W2 ©O•d α1 , α2 Ú α3 , α4 )¤

f˜m, K W1 + W2 ‘ê u .
   
1 1 −1 1
   
5. A •3 ¢é¡Ý , r(A) = 2, … A 
 0 = 0
0  
. K A
0  A Š´ .
−1 1 1 1
√ √ !
0 2 2
6. g. f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x Ax 3 Cz x = Qy e IO/• y12 + y22 , …Q 1n • , 0, ,
2 2
KA= .
!)‰K.
1. ( 10 ©) fi (x), i = 1, 2, 3, 4 •ê• P þ õ‘ª…÷v
x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1f1 (x5 ) + xf2 (x5 ) + x2 f3 (x5 ) + x3 f4 (x5 ),

A •n • …k˜‡A Š´ 1. y²: f1 (A), f2 (A), f3 (A) Ú f4 (A) þØ´Œ_Ý .
2. ( 15 ©) A ´ s×n Ý , B ´ m × n Ý , …÷vÙg‚5•§| AX = 0 )Ñ´ BX = 0 ). Á¯:

(1) A •Ú B • Œ 'X´Ÿo? ž`²\ nd.
(2) e A •Ú B •ƒ , AX = 0 Ú BX = 0 ´Ä´Ó) ? •Ÿo?
3. ( 10 ©) OŽe¡1 ª Š:

1 3 3 3 ··· 3

3 2 3 3 ··· 3
3 3 3 3 ··· 3

.

3 3 3 4 ··· 3
.. .. .. .. ..

. . . . .

3 3 3 3 ··· n
V = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d a, b, c, d ∈ R ´¢ê• R þ o‘‚5˜m. é?¿

4. ( 15 ©) f (x) ∈ V , ½

Â
A (f (x)) = 3f (x) + xf 0 (x).
(1) y²: A ´ V þ ‚5C†;

(2) ¦ A A ŠÚA •þ.
5. ( 15 ©) ®•Ý
36
 
2 −4 2 2
 
 −2 0 3 1
A=
 −2
,
 −2 3 3 

−2 −6 3 7
¦Œ_Ý P, ¦ P −1 AP • Jordan IO/.
6. ( 15 ©) V1 ´ n ‘‚5˜m V1 ýf˜m. y²: – •3 V ü‡ØÓ f˜m W1 Ú W2 , ¦
V = V1 ⊕ W1 = V1 ⊕ W2 .
7. ( 15 ©)  
1 0 1
 
A=
 0 1 ,
1 
−1 0 a
g. f = X 0 A0 AX, ®• r(A0 A) = 2, Á^ ‚5O†zT g.•IO/.
8. ( 15 ©) y²: n Ý A ƒqué Ý ¿©7‡^‡´é?¿ λ, e (λE − A)2 X = 0, K
(λE − A)X = 0,
Ù¥ X • n ‘ •þ.
9. ( 10 ©) A •n Ý , …÷v r(A) = r(A2 ). y²:
r(A2 ) = r(A3 ).
37

扬哥西北大学2009 2017真题汇总

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扬哥西北大学2009 2017真题汇总

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2. ¢, Ò´`‡lÄ: ‘ m©Æ, =¦{ü, •‡@@ýýÃ ˜H! ƒÕúpÃ$.

3. j± .Ò´±ƒ±ð, P4: 1zpöŒÊ›!

3. |f (x)| 3 [a, b] þŒÈ, K f (x) 3 [a, b] þ ( )

5. XJ f (x, y) 3: (x0 , y0 ) ÷?¿•• •• ê•3, K ( )

1. é?¿g,ê n 9¢ê α > 1,

3. eé?¿g,ê m, x > m ž, f (x) ´˜šKüO¼ê, Ké?¿ ξ > m k

4. f1 (x) 3 [a, b] þ Riemann ŒÈ, …

K¼ê {fn (x)} 3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñu 0.

5. ( 15 ©) f (x) > 0 …3 [0, 1] þëY, ïÄ¼ê

6. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [0, 1] þŒ‡, … x ∈ (0, 1) ž, 0 < f 0 (x) < 1, f (0) = 0. Áy:

8. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þ˜—ëY, ϕ(x) 3 [a, +∞) þëY,

lim [f (x) − ϕ(x)] = 0,

y²: ϕ(x) 3 [a, +∞) þ˜—ëY.

9. ( 15 ©) y²: e¼ê f (x) 3 (0, +∞) SŒ‡, … lim f 0 (x) = 0, K

3 (−∞, +∞) SëY.

2. ( 15 ©) f 0 (x) 3 [0, a] þëY, … f (0) = 0, y²:

3. ( 15 ©) ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, b] þüNO\, …k f (a) ≥ a, f (b) ≤ b, y²•3 x0 ∈ [a, b], ¦

6. ( 15 ©) f (x, y) 3: (0, 0) ,‡+•¥ëY,

(2) F (x) 3 (0, +∞) SüN4~.

11. ( 15 ©) ϕ(x) 3 [0, ∞) þkëY ê, ¿… ϕ(0) = 1, -

3. ®• f (x) 3 x = a ?Œ , … f (a) > 0, ¦

5. ( 14 ©) f (x) 3 [0, 1] þŒ , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 ž, 0 ≤ f (x) ≤ 1, …éu«m (0, 1) S¤k x k f 0 (x) 6= 1, y

lim f 0 (u) = A > 0, (R > 0),

(1) y² lim f (u) = +∞;

(1) n• ê… nπ < x < (n + 1)π ž, y²:

2n ≤ S(x) ≤ 2(n + 1);

f 0 (ξ) = 2ξf (ξ).

3: (0, 0) Œ‡, ¦~ê a, b Š.

(3) 3 (a, b) S•3† (2) ƒÉ : η, ÷v

1. f 0 (x3 + 1) = 1 + 3x6 , … f (0) = 1, K f (x) = .

!OŽ†y² (zK 15©)

6. f0 (x) 3 [a, b] þëY, g(x, y) 34«• D = {a ≤ x ≤ b, a ≤ y ≤ b} þëY, ∀x ∈ [a, b], -

y²: fn (x) 3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñu 0.

3 x > −1 þ mä:, ¿`²a..

2. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [0, 1] ëY, y²:

4. ( 15 ©) (1) ò arctan x Ðm• x ˜?ê¿¦ÂñŒ».

7. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þëY…

(2) y²•3ê xn ∈ [a, +∞) ÷v lim xn = +∞, lim f (xn ) = 0.

3 (0, 0) :? Œ‡59 ê ëY5.

f 0 (ξ) + g 0 (ξ)f (ξ) = 0.

3. ( 15 ©) f (x), g(x) 3 [a, b] þëY, f (x) ≥ 0, g(x) > 0, y²:

4. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 (−∞, +∞) þëY,

y²: {fn (x)} 3?Ûk•«mþ˜—Âñ.

¦f ê¿?ØëY5, ?Ø f 3 (0, 0) : Œ‡5.

8. ( 15 ©) ¦-‚ y 2 = x, y 2 = 4x, xy = 1, xy = 2 Œ¤ ã/ D ¡È.

2. ( 10 ©) f (x) ´˜‡ n g õ‘ª, Áyéu?¿ ê a, õ‘ª

axn+1 f (x) 9 xf (x) + a

3. ( 15 ©) A •¢é¡Ý , y²: é?¿ Ûê m, 7k¢é¡Ý B, ¦

5. ( 15 ©) V ´Eê•þ n ‘‚5˜m, ‚5C† A 3Ä ε1 , ε2 , · · · , εn e Ý ´˜e ¬Ý , y

(β1 , β2 , · · · , βs ) = (α1 , α2 , · · · , αn )A.

ÏL C†Œz•IO/ y12 + 2y22 + 5y32 . ¦ëê a 9¤^ C†Ý .

ε1 = (1, 0, 1), ε2 = (2, 1, 0), ε3 = (1, 1, 1),

… ABA−1 = BA−1 + 3E, ¦Ý B.

¦y: x − 1|fi (x) (i = 1, 2, · · · , n − 1).

x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1f1 (x5 ) + xf2 (x5 ) + x2 f3 (x5 ) + x3 f4 (x5 ),