SURVEY PAPER ON SERVICE ROBOTS

Talha TALAT Emre KAYA

Student (EMU EE) Student (EMU EE)
16700707@emu.edu.tr 16002481@emu.edu.tr
+923244453635 +905348717700
Habib ŞEN
Student (EMU EE)
100127@emu.edu.tr
+905338255339

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 1. INTRODUCTION

With the increasing use of user-oriented systems, steps towards personalization in

robotics have begun to be taken. Now, robots that will help us not only in mass production lines

but also in our daily lives are being designed, manufactured and even used. The concept of robot

is technology, which has been familiar for many years, as an alternative to manpower, as more

efficient and more functional devices. Robots, which can be used in different industries and in

different structures, were used only in industrial areas until recently. Thanks to the developing

technology and researches, robots are designed more personal and 'user centered'. These types of

robots are also called "service robots". Service robots; They are devices that have a semi or full

autonomous system, equipped and designed to help people. While industrial robots have a

completely human-controlled structure that repeats certain movements repeatedly and does not

go out of motion again in the production processes; service robots are systems that can

communicate with people, provide feedback and respond to different environmental conditions.

Service robots continue their duties and operations by giving instant and real-time reactions to

changing environmental conditions and situations. Considering the service robot market will

reach 37 billion dollars in the world by 2021; One should not ignore its future in the service

sector, health services, agriculture, security and personal use.

Some of the service robots produced are as follows; cleaning robots, robots used for glass

and floor cleaning, identify the dirty area and perform the necessary cleaning procedures.

Customer service robots serve as consultants to customers in the hospitality industry, banks,

shopping malls. They can quickly perceive questions from customers and have a conversation.

Logistics robots are used to transport products and materials. By creating a traffic mesh with

advanced software and sensor technology; The robots can be created without hitting each other,

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according to the positions of other robots, they can create a route and deliver their loads to the

end point. Agricultural robots are used in daily maintenance of plants, sowing seeds, determining

the water requirement of the plant. With sensitive cameras, it determines the parasites and

physical disorders in the leaves or stems of the plant and evaluates them, and provides the user

with the care period of the plant and the possibilities of disease. Medical robots are used to

improve patient care. They can be used for one-to-one communication with the patient, as well as

for drug controls or evaluation of necessary blood samples. With these features, they help to

reduce the need for healthcare personnel and help to reduce healthcare expenditures. Defense

robots are mostly used in military fields. They are used as an aid to increase the security of

military forces and to minimize possible risks. Robots in different sizes and with different

equipment; While it may be the type that soldiers can use as a protective exoskeleton, it may also

have functional features such as lifting heavy loads or removing injured soldiers from the attack

area.

Service robots, which are exemplified above, will have more advanced equipment and

wider usage areas with the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0.

2. Classification of Service Robots

As mentioned in introduction, the service robots are classified into different fields,

that are medical, agriculture, security and personal use. So here, we will be discussing

them thoroughly of their usage in these fields and their advantages.

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2.1. Medical Service Robots

Medical science has been improving by each year, since the beginning where

there were not enough instruments to treat a patient and now after the

industrial revolution the medical science is being defined by the usage of

medical robots in many sensitive cases. These robots are used in and out of

hospital settings to help the patient for cure. They have released the tense on

the medical staff shoulders allowing them having the best access to cure their

patients. According to the International Federation of Robotics World, the

stats show that the medial robot sales have increased 73% in 2017, moving

into 2018 the sales increased by 49%. Some of the medical robots include

telepresence robot, is a remote-controlled wheeled device that has wireless

internet connectivity. The robot has a tablet with video and audio intercom

application. These robots are usually used as a tour guide, factory inspectors

or as a healthcare consultant. One other robot is disinfectant robot, which is

used to reduce the acquired infections in hospital. It roams around the hospital

to keep the area sterilized. The most famous one we know as Da Vinci

surgical system robot used in surgeries such as radical prostatectomy,

cystectomy, ureteral re-implantation, hysterectomy, hernia repair, trans oral

robotic surgery for head and neck cancer etc. There are many more robots

used in robots, these are some of the common ones. From this, we understand

that the robots have a big role to play in the future of medical science as well.

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 Figure 1: Shows the Telepresence robot.[3]

Figure 2 shows a disinfectant robot.[4]

Figure 3: The Da Vinci surgical system assisting in a surgery.[5]

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2.2. Agriculture Service Robots

Agriculture robot is another wonder in the industrial revolution. They ease the

slow and dull tasks for the farmers, allowing the farmers to put their focus on

other important corps. The most common agriculture robots are used as

harvesting, picking, pesticide control, seeding, mowing, weed control, and

sorting the crops. These robots are difficult to automate as very much

precision and accuracy is needed otherwise the crop or if the waste is not

picked up, it could ruin the fields, and farmers already struggles to have a

good amount of income. This is why, vision systems are included in these

robots to determine the location of each product. Also to check the ripeness of

the product. They have to visualize the presence of dust, intensity of light,

temperature, and the wind. A robotic arm is used to navigate these conditions

in order to precisely and delicately grab the product and place it. Then the

robot arm has to place it accordingly in the container on an assembly line.

Harvesting and picking robots have become much popular in agriculture

fields. Then we have weed control and spraying robots to clean and kill the

insects, and to neutralize the corps.

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 Figure 4: Shows the Harvesting and picking robot with the assembler line.[6]

Figure 5: Robot spraying on the field.[7]

2.3. Security Robots

Security Robots are slowly and gradually placing up in the service of surveilling

in malls, offices, and public areas. Their main purpose it to gather data, facial

recognition, metal detection, and presence of nearby devices. The most popular

security being used is Knightscope. It is a pioneer in the development of

completely autonomous robots having the ability of self-driving itself. Their

function is to monitor crimes in mall, parking lots, and offices. By scanning the

phones of customer, these robots can keep the record of how often these

customers or employees visit the place, which can be a rich source of information.

It can become a shield to avoid unwanted person and have them escorted the place

or turning their alarm off. They can run up for 24 hours, having infrared cameras

for their night vision. Their popularity is less until now but hopefully their kind

will be increasing in the future to maintain the security of high maintenance

places.

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 Figure 6: Microsoft testing knightscope security.[8]

3. Conclusions for Technology Assessment of Service Robots

This study explored the role of service robots in three different service robots and three main
sections.Some of these parts of service robots are; medical service robots, Agricultural Service
Robots,safety robots. First, he explained a definition of service robots, presented their basic
characteristics, compared the functions and capabilities of service robots and frontline workers,
and described what tasks robots would dominate in service delivery, areas where humans would
dominate. The cooperative structures of humans and robots are predictable. This is thought to
bring about changes in the work of humans, who will serve with the support of robots.If all
service duty is taken over entirely by service robots, it will mean that people will no longer work
and become unemployed. Another possible situation is that people's collaboration with service
robots allows people to deliver their services more efficiently and minimize the margin of error,
reducing the entire workload in the service sector as much as possible. Also service robots reveal
new business dynamics contrary to what is thought. In terms of interdisciplinary technology
assessment , it will be interesting to know whether a partial or complete substitution can provide
an explanation as to how it will affect people's business processes and what economic impact this
substitution should have on the labor market.

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Figure 7: Service delivery based on volume and heterogeneity of physical tasks

Although service robots have come this far, and considering far more advanced technological
breakthroughs, they are still in their infancy. There are exciting opportunities to conduct research in all
areas covered in this article. It offers research questions at micro and macro levels related to the topics
to be discussed in this article and encourages research and development. This article will help academics
and related practitioners similarly better understand the opportunities and challenges associated with
the introduction, presentation and adoption of service robots. It is also hoped that this conceptual and
Universal study will provide a basis and driving force for further research in this rapidly evolving field.

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4.REFERENCES
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