| roof 132% {= jiren feng Titik T fang zhenning stephan petermann rem koolhaas amo harvard graduate school of design irma boom Marsiliowily Marsiliothe neaven conceived inthe dome woul trey tum aroure Buddhist, Christian, and Islamic sites of worship, which use the dome at of their architecture. ..jis the internet like the flat roof? non-demanding, open, but therefore also without aim or direction... and will this hold in the long run...? 402 |i Chins, societal rites defined the size and shape of ancient architecture through an early form of standardization: an empire defined by a single ingenious building system that ‘combined prefabricetion, elegance, and efficiency. Because of its primitive origin, the roof is seemingly our most local element. The root in fact originates from a condition of continuous exchange ~ never a single source but ‘a process of constant exchange and updating... The roof was used by the powers that be to express social status and political stability (while remaining flexible for regime cchanges).. In the process of bresking down societal barriers of the 19th century, the modem ‘movement leveled the roof and with it much of the signifying power it had accrued over ccenturies. Their non-roof fundamentally questioned locality forthe first time. What used to be a more generous process of give and take between traditions of the rool became a radicalized form of cultural warfare ~ flat vs. pitched — stil underway in many places and sectore of eociety today... After this polarization, the roof was stuck in imbo: between 2 denial of tradition and a denial of modernity. ‘The result has boen a series of birlurcetions. The roof became an artistic expression powered by digital technology, worshipped as @ memory - why is the renovated barn always 80 exhibitionistic in ite roof structure? — or submissively mobilized as a tool 10 solve global needs like sustainabilty...and an archetypal longing for @ personel sense of safety, displayed to the word. 403ton from hunter-gatherer to ci wologists suggett, Tho lack of frm knowledge device to justly and conderm man's arches: frst attempt was the mere erection cf afew spars ented together with twigs end covered with mud Others buit ter walls of cred lumps of tur, connected thoge walls together by means of indore sd '22r08s horzontaly, and covered tho erection with roeda and boughs, forthe putfos of sheltorng thm ‘sees from te clemency othe seasons." —Vituvius, De Achiectura, 1st century BC “Posidonus says "When men were scaterecl over tho earth, protected by eaves or by the dug-out shelter ‘of cit or by the tunk ofa hollow tee, twas phioacphy that taught them to rico up roots Bu for my Ber, do net hold that phdosophy devised these alvavdly-contivad dealings of ours sich ee sory poh ‘tor, whore city crowds against city... What! Was i philosophy that taught the use of oye and belts? Nay, wat wes thet except giving hint to avarice? Was it phlosaphy that erected al theve towering tenements "80 dangerous the persons who diel in them? Was it not enough for man to provide Rimeal roof of any ‘chance covering, ond to conttve for hiself some natural retest without the help of art and without rouble? Balove mo, that vas s hoppy age, before the days ofarcitect, beforo the days of bulders! Al ts got ‘of thing wae om when lbury wes being bor ~ this malar of cutting timbers square and cleaving = am ‘with unering hand ae the cow made its way over the marked-out fe.” —Senece, 90th Moral Leto o Lucius, 62-54 AD “it must be befeved that when Adam was deven out of Parade, it was raining. Since he had no roadie heir, he put hishands upto his hee, to defend himself om the water, And aincs he was forced by ‘ocessityt0 fn load so we toon ving, ce dwoling wos a sil [he Gscovered) to protect himeelf Horn "weather an from water Some have se thot there was no ran before the flood, Ibeieve nthe contrary, ‘since earth was to produce ft, wos necessary thot i chauld rain. As feeing ans Gweing are necessary for ving it must ferefore be belived that Adam having made ise a oof wih he two hands, consider: ing the need for making aig, he rfiected and exorcied himgaf to male rimoell sone hastaion {0 defend himseit from these sin, a wall ae from the heat ofthe aun I thal is how tvngs happened, then Adom must tave been th fist.” ‘—Flareta, Tatar o archers, 1465 “Hore i @ calm terbank, dressed by the hand of unaided nature, towards which the eye tums constant, and which you leave with regret; are at time when inrocert and vrtsous men wonted 0 witness laned sicked, tired ofthe embarassing onlookers, and relagatod them to magrifconstomples, Fly men chesed ihe ods out akogether, so as 1 ahabit those temples thomeolves: or at any rate the tempos of the god 1 to look very much ike the citizen's housea. Then camp the height of degradtion, and vce wae never rgd 50 far x ‘Rwas seen, to spenk iquativaly, supported by marble columne and angreved on Earinthian Sean Jacaves Le Discours sures Sciancos et ls Arts, 1760 404 "3 pF fe Pe Osha er a 2 t ee yak ‘ ? pe ’ ee Bis ys £05between rot Setned ~ bo arene Ign ad Mle Esters alates soon to leave te choice and constvcton open i Foreuggetion LEEES TS sont cinta oat aca rn, enn ie ad Asad Tater Brent rectus ea est Sh Haman Part Ta fm Ge abi died wn ite ct sghang Seine nce on re arabinose oie assy Se ay SBeidr csc vchcanhda oceans ain Shona eb gn ee an es — = =F aesSeiaaauaa incertae tee {105 AD Yingza0 Fash (Steto Bulking Standards) ‘Yingza0 Fash (ZFS), by state buicing superior Li Ji, ie tho eldet complote erchtectue veatce ound in Ching, Witen in 1103 AD~ a time, ke toca, of immense growth in both popultion en prosperity the ‘Yngzhao Fash offers complete construction systom defined by tho tat fora types of etctecture a all ‘scales: rom imperil palaces to cuttan rod and covering deta descriptions, and fel subject rom acount ‘ney, construction manapemert, responsi material use, and design Pe Ying Fis nan ain we 9c compton andinrove both ion and ay of wok pdt ing ee nee wood som, er) ara itd nutbercl comperen WSR ee ah (ig) atc cui edly tought eave ups Data recanted conse cris he Veto Fehon wan tal pe of Sas soy ocr acees Seas Cite isa soa hoe er deg tence "s hee sn arose sibenoan ro ‘conan and nated svtogas, Dep ie Goons une Rsttcononns apace ot neiaeas eae tho puctot eos can eases poner Sone Drone essay Li who won peer on pea cud at calfeeln pose ond acca see ath 2 dae along betwer an stn es caer 20 ht ovr atta nec a Shhn 6 ington ty esc cso Oni rediscovered at the beginning of he 20% contury ~ at almost the exact momantin which concrete 4 steel would start to replace tadtionel Chinese architecture a teal vansiation of the Vingseo Fash {02 foreign language doser't exist to this dats, Together wth a group of 18 Chinas students and ouppottod by 2 numberof Chinese exper, AMO looked atthe tats contal component - the constructon af the Chess ‘of ~ and atime a fst vanslation, Puzzie by the ext, we re-protoryped tha rat constuction using Ble ‘foam in two workshops in eal 2014 at the Sherzhan & Hoag Kang Bit Blonnal of Uranam Arcitoetae, Expert: Dr. 2ren Fer Fang Zheming Dr. Ya Zhao, with Made van den Heuwe ‘Students: RM CHEN Shoring TBC DENO Gorn 72 HE Seong. 2790 LUO Yajur, WAH XE Tarren ie 7.8 Yuarh, SUS DENG Soren, #58 HAN Ws, SCHKE HUANG Joy, ARSE PANG Wn, BL LANG Yoon SEL {arguing 3986 LUO Yin BR WU Shona. ARI NE Hanyang, tH YE Ong, ML ZHENG Neongla REE aU Yooh SERRE ZHUANG Yonchan| ‘AMO: Ged van Pay, Stephen Petersen “hanks: Ola Bounan, Jorn Keni, Vv Zid, Mads and Apa Suan Developed wih the sino of he Dutch Crests Ics FanSea RE a aed oi nl Gatto wee j KK *el a ae oe __ ai Habib ~ ses ties a ee io See RHEE Spice) KS EER‘Song: raw and B At compliments tothe enna indlgonco, wich ae hie nats viedo ve hoon tered completa, Ha esta meagre restored plan stesive” “Ui, inodeton tthe Yingzao Fash During the Sang Dyest (@60-1279 AD) cure ard sconce roach sn ungrecedonted peak ane ‘in parts, captatam stared to grout inthe fer of hanes and agricul, whe eae ‘Bonanco develop and te population grow. The peak pepusio af tha Tang Dynasty 618-207 {AD}, won cara bsters e Sona, was 52 lon ata the Song Dynasty tho popsston grew {hem 38. rl the ey youre o 125 milion toward ths end ofthe ersTehus new gre of [astng designate forthe dopicson of acttact ates tiny ho Suny Dp, wets ‘Began be sporsiatedindepandony rather tarde port of tho gpnaral este Sporeion, Carew (0) [Gamesng the ercitectue ofthe Song end Tang. grandeur and rajety~"ypca quan of ho Tengedynosty architecture — were replaced the Sona dyesty Duke by riod logan este Jen Song oulure showed a avong terest warfare (new mista tetnalogy the gumovrder nas lnvodced, end theft etanding nee et whl tho a, pilowophy, and poet lo Nourish {ut patties nstabiy hele tho nod fore standart snstcton ster ‘ogie ts 2 buld raw types ef palatial compounds. Chireea wood lone ecitotre (the rast Wall Bucchist sox {Gadance afb Vngthas Fach int 9h © ve snt ne poyma Song sce sac? YINGZAO FASHI Volume Four Rules For Majo Carpentry Chega Playing head Om os? Sonate General Assembly Order Substructure “le, i or a het ac Me | Pele; Suey we] yd) | dl | See oer Hi a ia ii : gee ; . hb 415 (iRR He Oh KE ATE aie pRerteeth |e EA Se aa ae | Rr Aa ma EK sil |e 4a Etter vey pe ocedio _s sure a rene sith eras Jolecometo sae oun eusiete petnetr sshpiodntmcvarorpat SiS avs de pote sepals precast en ae Bractulang onary povtrnedvria ioe ox ele ul Ce opee ont! ft sapiens Staurm endear hy "lore! ure ga des Cade Hen oa Snood ago Sel covets pr dscns ins fae ase ‘Source eee Te Feu Imbldgsctmore seas cenancs onset ne ae Seep te bat srepeceeon ches p, t ucrtgun dens Dame een eee hen te mneaietet fo tools aia aplenty es Calne, BLS anon ns a tae ‘Geer past te bunange tenes one tet ron the anal one fob copicnn Sas ate tre song snx ald vom Teolsen th grou oy spit condone creer des heres dans ajcienonsondonc fom, whens, Sheratihendottehodos, ins dencomtles ea Ean dear thon aes ae Sontner se ey sce Spacer teh oa pores quc pose Aly bln ds chee te oars SSeyarnthe cons voy ena ‘isan he des cole Is constuces lent, Stans Se Schon wher sone Remrciemesctereets, dnc, de pistes test ar aoa fe ‘Sec ouncatons sonable Dremeeecttnie” la ate pat eos nO i ee Lil- orm ree remy ects Heequeloujourtolen, ne prcpent pot oaaecen ones wm chet weting hy made ings of ret ‘Griat sins tes inlrations lentes, mis trie fenestes, de Phen daon, ‘tne ersignentpasin gel, qui pormetdesasurer cootinualement de fro wor dig notion te recy olpln end covered les bitives, Nousavonsencons vi, Jeong du mur du collaal sed eke elatdes conduites, puiqu'tios sata Tair libre est désestceuxlorequc la tha went witvregoct ore by stot wh wo nee Waal, des contin eae Uninc 8 Torvemployee din or votauonaiact gave yorcsercarsios fag mays icnstocneatoryas et _-‘BE lest plover that sr les combs das acer creas fein goanitdecnscads, oun is prenentsintieur ns erst Sguyagiones vere cay fener you ice eae Cx cosa appartment cee yosemite of meme tle dere. Gm incovénma forent_ Segara rea ergedtosaetra Dine, maisaFépoqoe ob estes Iotcontat eentdin enn ovina Grlomment juris area fe an ater, pgs, ns fae wanceatset Siw ctnonaiote tye 40 Blas et i esate eee ae flnitus gands ets ds cave Syeqt, nous wyocsis cniuts arylnge sicngect ie closes of pnateres senie dun on cpngu, senesced fe ae Erecuciaorapiveiogrmtttemniedctalt, Subeszb escent cn aphpcceecctes «owt lvemeat lina et hunide cies maiaas nobel pele esconives condo he Peet aeepctert Noli que da (1) ia forme extsicur de ces condoites + in, 02 ‘omrtat lope datss0cmien au esas ieee A Doe, SN Ny ng bia watersupphy cay thoy YORE UB en peres avec ental case des lit. Noo von So ous sons int areeLonlants de Tare aenr les atx des combles Peary whero tw oboste = ‘Sg ostans h whieh ey ok Topics miners esx sce det conde cart sagen enna om ieoain dn, hai bette the waters ati ° err mnagtes dans aisseur dex co i ‘conduiles sat apparonles on maaquees de deux en deux aces; ratrala,waterpipes were {teen ate ssid ‘nulps cond ve ea ponetn, sq Caicos ee Seis len sad pita entitle cas eréieas; ania, Uiehon oe ioe nae ete dans de itera los eaux pluvnes era sar les combles, ‘survient une rupture. i Ssgenaumee pone cel contention fee Wear Teele dlnin ena toon pte Stele cr se ‘ore or wood tang ross, pliqutes, des surfaces tse-cossdérables de‘ combs teosuat her ore season conde ca el nants Mave beng wa ioe 9 eee aes evils ores song aeifabond ae adorned ay CyidieaconinitjieteHacbligeemetaiincibay oder cea be holowing bates feed fo able or hiddenevey two Rortoperctoat wach open apie se ese Cuts Tes baton ware sinc! sys le dct ain, Sn awe pric ait xt hci, nd vib howe a beschonpare nat atc he so train but very each moire nada eve | HaBIBNVA eon of ts ses, Bie coast re Ti outhntfsh nove tro abeyance eaekee gear ae eject cer cing ge yn nee oe fp Dean sate zr aie Tose nes i na bong we hacia baking tty | hlteses of te coh of he chatroom Somes cve mle tien tons ee eeoe fe a Wet sty atthe en of he welt cent, They meet squte tone ndeton | Ro mide ofthe tron ene Soenonyby tro ana oa ant 3), fee pos os rae‘uverutes poor lsor pater lee pli intenux D. Les conte-fort des srevboutants du our dels ate dine continent es you to meld sone, Hee (8) the hota cocion oft pes nai freoecvecloaton and C Sones extn athe Bib, Unum we ae ‘nO, the werisalon pipes teseod none ct hove Sranded tant op one SSS cdpes ax che unr Ihosaat of he gute, pening twa org dp tre lover beth (ether Foning ote eon one ste te i tes eiy nook ond wo fave dmwntine hoe ung bt tthe been ete tor cota to at he ppe gtrs ese by gece a poring Froth on a pee aperones hh bute gathee Cao oe he wor ay derace thos chpatnet hywere ion mucen of e chonna, bitten’ How the pray from te gore outs of then canna ein. ‘erecalylocodin sone 3 hts abovewae adopted hess ing baton Howove evn he wats of ‘se upoaoo o tl gs wereld by pee, thy ai ny ros tla ater Sao nd ase ooo ‘pcre cn th round oy Fevoven toting te ost Eermnon atts The upper bustoas ae cht Bo athe of fone wong ‘eutvosee stout 120 er nono oh hips ig fice ntcos for recog donnspas ead who nar been ised (5), pd sare re was edt tor stom 4s shod n A dwn the horaoral secton of the bowel. The waar folios ee poe "eseete mas bin dispoxés qu ceux dons c-dests, cn quis son ‘otastisaurmilien dees conte foro ont yus qe pt lent pte, tres plan) cestuyanx sont plots en Ay os meartrites eo Bets Aghouchts ou dauphits dans wow gurgoiie pare en; De «neau snpsronr du grad comble es enue mendes dae ge cvanarnes hae lerotoy buteeass. a Une ix Daten, oC a doh Mee nto the vrs ppe placed the nota ely in England thet we feo the. eoig toto base of the bling. Instead of being tne thas nce en es ares boutats, de mime par desconduies passa Tortterminé asa pari intérenre pr ae te formant dauphin (oy. ce ‘ot ows rots, sues den area botants dela et deinetbrale {de Siow230 environ), une disposition analogue, mae peeable calle laloplde A layee, cn ce que les colre-frin contenant les conde de 4 ‘hte des eaux du grand einen sat que des cote doe appendices ‘rods 8 eur base veetieaement, sama codes rsa de tune 4 iter taut engongement. Voi (a) en Ala mction horizontal doef ‘onduies,en I fear eration perspetv, oa Cla coupe sur Fee det ‘conduits Habitostemeat, comtaenousT avensindiqué en Dleacones ert moni rape rg ‘bet which orks es ofencfiou to overcome, and whch cant {Guisedhovorn tno constuction One shout ct therefor presrbe tmatvs of rst ane thew it produces cangoatin in tine 9s 3 ‘overcome cave ain ad the ower pat >. Inte saenth contig we ton put ended peso ‘naj Frenc bulinge, and ‘ovo pape eo arost aay Sosorated with nk or ‘tng. Wa se8 snub Donut shores southern ora ofthe cabal of Beatvai We metlege rumbors inthe cet of te Fanalsance but hese obsess ‘ner removed atthe nf the arty to boro, The stom wertor not ws, forthe archtectat th Wied ‘ages, a mater otconstat fancem Ie eae fo eo0gri ‘hot they often hetate batwoon the eyto tht hos tordive th water and lo to ‘pon, aed the one hated ‘orad pipes. The both of st wat ey at foundations paul butt ‘De sions use tecompact Tenetonstive tres, the (adoorhmiiyis sn Fomovea by th nd un. fas tho advantage of easy rrsintonones, sea ‘hana aro iste nthe open Sick doesnot aise ‘cangeston damaga hen, Speyer ot we ara hae oot ‘second hos obits fase Sr sng weahoa, ho Bing wala eed points, ‘oes not tpoenarcund 2 bala tht go ound te Unboerabie, but iroquesee drebacks, South ise the nos ofthe abbey chief Veclay, inolated pesto a areot ‘eestor felleg on theron tho fark duginthe center of te doit "ese ines didnot belong wo te oil bang, bitby te tne the cost wos bu Sht ie aya ther ofthe wet crtan. They wor ult ofsquee stone ‘lourdation, cle nthe cantor ofacyiaciea hole, wth raul indent n the oa to recov the cement Heres what wat the extemal ape ofthe daet (ip ne See on of he stone with evar notch bea We have ‘fan seen nthe costar of twat apd ttesth ‘entues square stone Ines ‘exmedn the tacaress of constuction (pipes shud nat De confused wih ho ‘moaephona ard wich wore ended to sen ten rainsater allt on hort, When ne een etry ‘he bulaing 3 churches hve had complicate corsinatone of vay large fo! euaces ‘oceiig rain nate, areocts fot though tego dof pits by the shores wy, hata Si byte How of ters on ‘haperones tess ovary Prominent gargoyles who ‘ected onthe round oude Abo pormctar et tho icing, Divan the wits ie Ist they decreased Serica ther desructve ttfact Tie meshed 2 ahs Te] ‘estcls depo eaderméc dads cofes pero sommet Ure sete et onto brd sat pcs ster ace Soa, Toric ecu ret armor sea It altace Dario ‘st ea culver anise an elec avalon esa tes eas orotate tacos Dae genie es tmbtonat bie The Soran ominccemest du stl, esenuxdeschencnempéroare ASA “arpa ena se cris par es egnions ghee We a es hope at / hac contn demspoxts cxeusedetarrbovians, comme Alacalhedrae de Reitsencore atjoar, peenenite ‘has Leven dlgrdaetragemest chaperone tenet ee ee ‘esloa dn oa asic went veto her grgotin ena pete ts Cee ea, cst puree on atop suis eale ete foenecnet aes is de coltesde per tucdenus dies sectors Rene senna tees rin mm es eas de combles suprises grands eas ed i pean gtaede re en sven dee, wba ago or ‘eau des ehapeles on 1a eles daa rejetes sur leva) roeerpacedin © Bete fs Fare grgauie ahontimdtindea pon ondasie eres es ‘opted chard nhc Aven sce ese ene i Sree {1260 ero asent vy dam on Cerys tglen este ea . Stora tate: ky {in enue efarique dealt eros doteransdeateteds Erenetey trig seme ‘eth gui tnt Jama 6 pone 2) a me dapiton oe eae nav conpled term bya tor Féoatent desea pavers erate Neen od ting oh, Wo re Sate awe horns ge ee ation es esr oee ede Sere butter cl rere ‘cones spin prlescnesiai wera de caper eeieee fold tr botacts Dan Pepinnr decane intra e ne cava qi dere reeot ens por a aes preteabievo tatadonetin aie vets pose dae ent, Co wuts Nagease es Ss Benne bute ‘rata shite decodes plomb shee Sorin ig woes dsl. Au end cntgaencesconclc ease oes a Aotiatt ance eens a then sound noid oe Shans ances sppndeose snes en tn qo dass one gla wean 1 ‘otha rhe whe frat Fea ode prnunt an rolume ps fart gee Ye Sane orp to 0 Aue, co cond sont neon eee. Us pes fe acne trol conpeson Hee 9 fe cate ptt dia, ls rptesont moles came Ce eee form secten ct pe Ae pom, yous pin oven ans Grange eam oct istnrperepeche somo, Yori ets dais sures omine ton tape le ae mest hotel seton on teavncallat cle defer do totter mscase ey Sepe Unceny me place; ils sont surmontts de cuveites également de plomb, ot de dauphins indicated in D, the vorScel load A lone partic inférieuro (6), pipes encased in stone chests ‘a ev ete, on pon stent des conde Je plomd cindiqus Sie cpanded tor bowl op ats es sae liter tna tos apa sek aa ea dna th ees pnd \teards de rll on de do tres. On en voit d'asses beaux sur les cbtts Sonia ae 1u portsil méridionat de ba eathédrale de Beauvais. On en rencoatrait hs ee ‘en grind nombre danse Ta renasance; ma tw jets a dp under owe berth a ‘ont ett eniovéa d la Bin du: demier sitete pour dere fond ee ‘éeoulanet des eave pve ca out les eects da moyen pe ere ee eee eee ere eee eee ones srotave demi nome Cte mm mee nae ie pans of te bung are song an not fi rom tnt which ents bldg lt othe begin ofthe thienth cet he wots fhe sper gun aS See se nt of waters wating th lower tng not sn toe Weak wih neglect ese coy we lal racogized bythe aroiecte ofthe fim orlareinsteonen a easuous when the tone used foundatnaia Wosable or | qatiennar: nual chaserses nna een oe et 4 4 {sl cose census ein the gargovee. In Namen end Pica whee the canis. | wag of th uppeoleal bulnge wre ed by pea hey i ny oath eel oe itaorth century asin many age bine: ng vercaly lchedin stone chests above was adopted heeds yng buttsa indies rotches for sng wachos, Ho brings wale sop for storm water rel n Nevers egos conan moriorng, expeiay a — Bia — ‘quis ont youvent bist ene fo lane gui pte # condi les eae tele el quel cll gcse ev ied des pete ‘uysux fers. L'un et Toute de ce ds sytbmes ont lens evar ents et leurs avantags. Le premier pul es urement ee soe ‘batements en partite mais a Derr employee eat compact, elle Ie pas seule 3 gue ctle hamidié extseure eat ‘ent ene levée par air eto soe. I aver gouiles de vop-pea, fouteoisremédier & cx incoonéien. ‘consctins. One ah ‘aretore proscibesucty en forthe heather to ‘peters isthe aitect's lege appreviste dopending ‘nt locaton snd the ale voed Howeve, we tick buttess oC, ea ah that should cae tose walt for dechorge io the voreal pipe laced nthe ‘oie sey Eee that ‘ein ome furan onc sm. (oni. On sige sini transition ntreune moalure tom parrcni,Dnssf colonne romaine, oh wotime emp, couse {Ulva af0 ds colonne a Hat nteor pote ars Sil) us ‘rofl debate romaine, A cot un cong. Dane Farehivetre romane ferlout daa erenitetaregthique,bi0 es clones lat une see ety, edie ing to thebors tte bin insted of tong paca, these pips oe oon vel reson ode Sern opareh tons that, instong ton, whore pose ha ots Sy te king» Sore wat oun nthe flit tener stbjectto bunt Ape set ‘wheat expand, [20 th res oe loo far ‘hese lead ipen stated ‘monty ine corners oe ‘rade by nconing pars nto ‘cnet arourcariwen bes wth core a colors fe ortworay tar oop them inher place hey ae wreome eat So fod Sighs ln era inthe anton erty ‘hon ut ona pos ‘Boor Feachsicnge and {howe pipes an aost alnays hcorted wth rai or lang firs cnsugh ofthe ont show a souten porel of to strat Beanole Woretinge rumors cae of farisance, ota cits ‘ere removed tthe end he Lt erty to 30 mtd. ‘he som vate wa, or the roc the Wile Ages amaterat conctnt freer sony rognizo lage de parmetie wn eset fare, Pubqoe oss cao vont viable Fair hve eens pss cognges ‘meats, lea deradatons echt i ‘appreasent quelque female Poli Le wolndabeices toss {es premerisetrioue; cou ite irs ne tn tee ce {ldage ul ented le abods in: ‘uprrblsn denad ure ‘urls contane, surtout Sate lloras de ple ee gel rol dee engorgenents ‘ans is femps ‘nig et ne ee opie aguas et ite Sle suyet de remit doa on revue longo es ogee “ele cane ot at de ‘vagy ponds dae lo contruee tine te antratdne pa press ‘Tame marie aslo Ponca foes eux natin: Cet a Fare tele &lsemplyer comme it cn. Set sa lo een ons Imatiiaut employes Toco ows devas dr qa, fens do treats ites pie at svete atte excrete comme dans une eomtuon pareultre eine Fai oarctomeny es eondaies de mallet ura define fo, quise brvntlslementsoul ert deus grt, ont de e-pands ‘angers, qua or enenraement ole ale sloncat alsa pce Sing jt fue par are lee parents y sara ane Samii gertmunete, Les tayets de pmb sont es melee, en qs onervent ane crise Heubie &pevwent sae Soot Ec turaned ection car. Un aon ete dus eiscnes oe stv ae parant pos de sale ofteure, a bie te porte ‘asd cagte le premier tore lente rei médlaerent eft the a eolonne (vs, Baa) en est de meme de asiragale du chapiens ‘ite noolre a pot de cong, suf sez ares exception, pendant Tépogue romene primitive, On deigne ane dans Tarchiuctare de mayen Sg par eongé on oni, Init ln trniaizon ae monlre lulls, parune ace ie. Le motexptine bien, ence, Toe est up couge douné & is moulee de coer Cte. Alo, ans Is Eifes 19 Su sbleparticuibrement, on ol souvent des aréts abatue, so jar ‘mo simple bien, sot par yoe moulare, gui ne descendent pas jusguan Peis suet un intro ro bana tae ‘MTanglodroitaa moyen de congésdoot a frre et trts-varde Ea roprodoit psu exemple deca congis, expraotés tout des non ‘ents dela tn dust sale apparenant le Bourgogne; car ft die fe ees danseeteprvins of Fon trouve le plus de essortes de tea taliooe de moulures, La beau de a piee dale axonal es appa rullearsA conserve les ilinles eer arteries origin de chagoe ‘menredfapehitertore eat daces congisquicontanerichese rem tracery fat vy re Fue Sicngs wate Spoon cao’ be irployed ese spl conarecson ard doy ‘sts pom mat dct Sc especialy carn, tht brooks ea ander fhe oot fice water hve er et Serge a na esgesn or tow Snopage nut coar ‘ccnjone sven ast Sing ne remota 9 erat! hai Land pee Sethe bet n ty van Sere tsar can’ ‘and, epoca pes Spore Bare cv inh ‘operation of hw hoes ond nina tr rece, ‘Smita cation nd Serge overon nca60 o Scogeston con hwo ‘scone hee Sambuca the System hat has to vo th water and alow to open, adhe one hated in en aystn hes ther draws ang advartage, The fe a Sling and fousstenwin eed i ompoct its not seneivo to Wost the outdoor mim sch toto Op a ge of eatyrantnance, since allchanals are vibe the open aif does no sarat ov: Ps Mana ot Known since te Stone Ags, the dome vrs employed to prefect powoy bet, moun, snuncation, land caleratan wes thor meannge which meat fly infilerant canons ana st iferant parody gov te "roan f tania the oa ef ancien tot ue, Imaphoia, whra, anakubba to monunurtl sre ‘of wood ek stone or sonra, The process ay ever ‘oly indeperdent ct or ndgenows fon cleton storey th doris been an ban accel focal ott © cova ple of wasp, these ot aha the !iclnoe hal hae proclratons were rea, a emorat ‘or senate torres and sin, by Pagans Chistans, Musing ‘ovr os, taberacies churches, args bspstones, Pocose'e aucoren ate sve Wy hore of word tholog. pine cena, omohalng, hana aguram bo, ‘lube, maphsta vhara, paraso| erat tacos ea boavenly bow! the dam's prooaby the most power hdlongost auvvng avhacturssecetl etre ‘The dome sod tobe the conta laos ol wehitectie In idle Laan dams mean house’ "oo end ony st ns ‘cupola Darna the mile Ags and te Renova, "et used al over rope to designate severed hose, 2 Domus Dai Tha portent seston yas te es 2 an import noua surivem the alan domo, te Gornanic dom moenng catodra ond ae te a 158 inthe Engst: dare mearing Town Mou, Gul Hal. Stote House and Neetnhouse ne Si Dring the 17h erty, however the rigs mosring Dogar to fade ito poate usage and by TEED docme a France had acquire the specific meaning of ele You which inne couse of bo eightonthconty, teams sandordveage fo domo i Engl Jn 1951, Bann Sth pubanes The Dome: Study n The bir a eae mich ne axzores ho origins acd Intumoes cf domes section tho ancient wore. ih allowing pages Contn soma highights oie sadrata an ear oy snare ares eso of hchuich Tage chon wan we irks ofeach in, a twin Sree hig naa const eee any nd ig ears that omed was lcm sean siden tere aan ey eal gene orn oS sta Suspense reas et dimers commrted wih var batts opan a cece pone rene ea > ‘thickness of he vault was nearly 1.5m atthe top, there being fou Fings of brickwork a fa {ng ecb scoring to Sit that hago vat ofthe Asian places were Conti i the sane way th sunburn wick ied on nt aur: oreo tha dans cored by S acon aa eed oa ‘hose shown ithe Ninwud aelluros, the cet aiferencs being het congtiead noo se 4 Ws 5 Siig OUDH orobabysendoned on to eimsc Pasion Inthe Th Sang? donate th 2015 National Assembly of Angola 4500 yours ster baord on echnology from the same region: “UAE based PCT has successful stall the New esebly Haan Angle noe than Sx woot incu fa touch-up works The mai contactor and PCT doct ‘enti the Perqueseconsivcton company Tests Duara The dome vss dasgnad by Dar A Hendpsah ane fenpis of 130 udvanoed composite pares wih a comate of 42 meters and. heh of approximate 25a, ‘eeeabing 24x11’ motte ane atte compoate sea of 4 100m Te dome manufac dueion was eatinated betwen 16 to 20 weak ‘tna pretatreted rane ware shipped o Lands and asombed recer tine aenoging 150-1502 ofwatertigh dane cladcng (or sx panel) per day. Tc binge e tctalistaled auace i on erage ot 800-900 pe wes. The doa irshed with tena-ote cored gle moe ton an the white projected ar it up by LED fittings ‘Dilrinate he decorative lementsexteralculg theright overlooking the majestic Angolan Capital cyt Lier The composts domes PCT's largest but dome o date and at Angola nd wil form tho view! oantepice 489 {e204 on prose roioss, PCT, 2013)8d ts shape rca the hy ME Sur, 2nd ean BG 3 eninge wore called Heavens." Semen Kngs of Panis (80-8508) 3 cont Ain mnayas > Acari L 4, kp aeln bP Suite gba Hegel Hs Unme Goohe wordt hstory far tom r,t Wes postioned by Lnosinio sung EGANCE, mofsring of 39 ast capes dnen, and whee GS ipoRT CAPITOL aul Tey more than Scope etn Cho abel dome he sacond dome to cover ha cits bulking. Due othe various re ore a hh the feet orb Bunch rom 1825 Ned at te el oe eons Sey canaes cca to dein anow come h 1688 wlchace ee ee cian naan hl Maciel wat most consricton wre toto cane wen toca feet fencabtntats arty © fish he dome and wou ba the frat present sine boneethitin 188, The now dome by Thomas Use Wata an lore te Srp eite St Petr St Paty Stlsaocs, the Dome of helo nes stucied otFet hand cing a Sean scape Soma ay roto aa fh ome dso an ution for eneeing the dome boon tothe Saptl ones tewah see apt bing a slat way cieisea eee Sin goo tee a ee nkibor nthe dome dean: poor mew ere ek Sip 297 ae hei pre labated, ete Int Sent of Sates nae ees, api i, eang to questions ot goverment ult ence: Now instead 9 ‘Sginal leaders in Chins have secover he Us, oil for tgionalcaptalandjurtoe bangs spensina ends th racions no Beng 9 copy ull vmore racer yess soar eptol dome ad i veedit wt akt 8 cosos Mean iva 6m call oven ths yea a ha {ate ofthe non 492snessen- Duplin aso om aero - Tia miaos clears cieausenpeetseotance fceiipeyimmeise aceon” - ssalam Moan in Rotterdam by WAM Architects The Eales Mosque compose of tre mje sce open byes en ae san riots an esensose "iab whieh Se aoc Macon“ opus cored "as ofthe bern te in, rang ray ear gang hig dove acne Theses ng yc nd eons We Pept ine li Fcnsinctgn of he Ghgeh of Chit the Sarin ‘Moscow by durab Teste umeeeooiemes earns, Eire cameo ss Seance Baraat nonetaret seracues ‘ones pom Disc he opamp fr ‘indore ewan Scio oye USSR on Decseer et LE c Sraverar aeeanmecorens Orhan to catrt t1000 yr tron ck atta maptaton Cte 180 eto erey eh ‘Tho ysmne Sp etnsox hrc aie rl dome in ‘user pan onal eae ere hag ein (Gums andi sero apecyfruproconng pe Sieve Puta Mosaue in Putaiava Malaysia Stereos gan ap Se Satmedete 8 woctopee tan ae ie Ti conan ofthe US Capt Vga dvr iy Heifer» pvt ct ete Cri ars Ney ep apne coes tlt po ces ices Yogev i 69 oso mete ae 20 yo 8S SRS Theat se othetling oregano ae UES domo ou rth ong he myer 2 ot mrs areied on charge ye eae ‘Qu Lady of Pesce Basilica in Yameussoutra by iene Fakbioury wines Fie ea ora Caner ert incendie atone rai eiTontrng ea $262 Th ts re ey hint oe aig vt pn i sce eras fine Pi esr FS Sebrcce tta e ane ee Soeipeay sons sacs eneeneereen FrSei Cai soe ep Senne meneHOOK-ON SL 500Pe ounces aintnatonal question rect about te dat oot nBawwal Chorin song intaet in tcinaloyy tly teclone sri. tions for raed afhitocs neato provide ata teceal comments. Mimy prominent modems membt snawer Crop! ell They gue tat he roauctan of {anal nesteg the epctanty of an ents seine Sa ‘aca, Rs escnoy ane esi wl nara oad to st roofed word ti i i i i a Hi i te in 1827 Paul Scudtaw Naumbar lead he responce for he Dtced oo! camp by lnnctng rather usetornare, The tine the quests alec eo! and ote poe ‘in rsopandente most ston German seasons ey submit ht the at root aoe sonatereon of conten ‘merely iti ation useor personal glticaton ie ‘ccna and economical faved Goats tae that inet pose The foowing panes olor te tracted text and outcome of tho questonnaes by Groom and Naan Seles a a a i i i rr te vi igh ; ii f it a i 1 | il Be f See nn he enter a Te Jap fou Ly eg eRe SER eee ops dats ‘Soother seca sec ga “emowoncereeene DIE WOHNUNG | sauterr.soxr STUTTGART | 502 Prof. De, Paul Schultre-Newmnbo ELACHES ODER GENEIGTES DACH ? [Estos anos aoe tips mech Mean agBevo The flat roof tena aoa ae ite ce meseetes ors a Orin Oe aa, Ds gmrmametmorsiecennnstui ci see sete en hy ome tender estates. ms a Se eRe ea Ee sae imioreeiiane stb Seen moment eee eee see ‘ise ste z Eee mrceseecens came ayer wce oe rent ec ‘ a oe = ‘ere Thay oe ary Eri te tn o eveier tude Nowa wd Gal Shes iee Sens soucnvensyetacae serie ig cranial Damo Reectanc ton SRS tat ah etanhe Seales Siler ere Medien aC one at tm ok neat ep eae gree| ‘eorn Bis Sail tna, Seine aint Bate aaa tn eioacenat econ rot eee Seton oka stones ese rey cole Sesame tease mx, Gt anon et te FFs? (Piece speci tho mato snd laying method enclosing a ease stction of the ‘omc with water darage ona sone of 1:10) etme ne ett gr cng Seek eemriae rasan eae Sihiaatoram ude Sugarman” Spetmnscaccraw stone jem Eeyeateeecene men ees {ieee ote toh near satire em a iGrrotconge tr noses at fl ‘Sibson wis ghd togetbr Gn op Pa ae cee — oa er Tramps arate cetera ‘itbky ata wine Dea Bane” i: ‘Sir pe otay sae poe gang ‘etre arcs an on, eons th a eee Se auceeneaets oben temo Be eee to er per lennon tt tla ih ote eta tt eal al wn ccd Siem i ER ERs Ries i pan ence nan tga es aN ‘Gonin yar opinian ne shootne ‘voided for water rope rom the thon oo, comnoctions to veal ‘anon and vortial pone of ‘ho root mombrana? 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