Pair of Straight > Homogeneous second degree equation in x and y is of the form ax? + 2hxy + by? =0 > Non — Homogeneous second degree equation in x and y is of the form ax? + 2hxy + by? +2gx+2fy+e=0 > The equation ax?+2hxy+by?=0 represents a pair of straight lines Ix+my=0 & ,x+my=0 then, ax’ +2hxy + by? axe + Lhxy + by? =h,x? + (hm, +hm,)xy+mmy? (x+my)(bx+my) a=[f,,2h= 1m, +,m,b= mm, > If ax? +2hxy + by? =0 represents a pair of straight lines, then the sum of _ 2h 4 slopes of lines is ~+*and product of the slopes is © > If @ is the angle between the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? =0 then cosO = v If the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? =0 are mutually perpendicular then a+6=0 i.e. coefficient of x’ + coefficient of y? =0 Vv If the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? =0 coincide then h? = ab v The equation ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx +2 fy +c =0 represents a pair of straight lines Ix+my+n,=0 & lx+m,y +n, =0 then, ax? +2hxy + by? + 2gxt2fytes(lix+my+n)(bx+mytn) ax? + Dhay + by? + 2gx +2 f+ c= hlyx? + (ham, + lm,)xy + mymy? + (An, +1n,)x+(mn, +myn,)y + ny, a=H,,2h= 1m, +lm,b = mm,,2g = ln, +1n,2f = mn, +myn,c= nny Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 9515088260Problems: 1. Find the value of &, if the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve 2x’-2xy+3y?+2x—y-1=Oand the line x+2y=k are mutually perpendicular Solution: Given curve is 2x? —2xy +3y? +2x-y Given line is x+2y=k Homogenising equation (1) with the help of equation (2), we get, (1) => 2x? - 2xy-+3y? +(2x- y)(1)-(A)(IY' = 0 2 y y 2x8 — day 3p +(2x-y)( 22) (9 22) =0 (2x=y)(x+2y) (x42) Ee 2x? —2xy $3y? + k 2x7? — 2ayk? 437k? + k[ (2x—y)(x4 2y) ]-(x4 29) = 2x7? = Dayk? + 3y7I? + k (2x? — ry + 4xy—2y?)=(27 + 4y* + day) = 2x7? — 2ayk? +397 +k (23? + 3xy —2y") — 3? — 4y? —4ay = 0 2x7k? — Qxyk? + 3y7k? + 2kx? + 3kxy — 2hy? — x? -4y? —4xy =0 (2k? + 2k—1)x* + (—2k? +3k —4) xy + (34? -2k-4) y? =0>(3) Comparing the above equation with ax? + 2hxy +by* = 0 a= 2k 42k -1,2h=-2k? +3k—4,b=3k? —2k-4 By data, the lines represented by equation (3) are mutually perpendicular a+b=0 ie, coefficient of x° + coefficient of y? = 0 2K? + 2k 143K? -2k-4=0 5k? -5=0 Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 9515088260Sk =5 R=1 k=+l 2. Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve x? + 2xy+ y? +2x+2y—-5=Oand the line 3x—y+1=0 Solution: Given curve is x° +2xy + y? +2x+2y-5=0-(1) Given line is 3x—y +1=0 y-3x=1->(2) Homogenising equation (1) with the help of equation (2), we get, (1) => x? +2xy + y* +(2x +2y)(1)-(5)(1) =0 2? + 2ay + y? + (2x +2y)(y—3x)—(5)(y 3x) $0 x? + 2xy + y? + (2xy + 2y? - 6x? - 6xy) -(5)(y? + 9x? - 6xy) = 0 xs 2ay+y?+(2y? 6x7 dy Sy? 45x? +30xy=0 x? + 2xyp + y? +2y? - 6x? — 4xy — Sy? — 45x? +30xy = 0 50x? + 28xp=2y? = 2 25x? =14xy + y* =0 (3) Comparing the above equation with ax? + 2hxy + by* =0 a=25,2h=-14,b=1 Let@ be the acute angle between the lines represented by equation (3) |axs] \(a-by +4n* [25+] (25-1)° +(-14)" 26 (24) +196 Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 9515088260 cosé =26 V¥576 +196 26 9-28. 3. Show that the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve xoay+y?+3x43y—-2=0and the line x—y-V2=0 are mutually perpendicular Solution: Given curve is x* — xy + y?+3x+3y—2=0>(I) Given line is x- y= V2 x -14(2) v2 Homogenising equation (1) with the help of equation (2), we get, (I) -ay ty? + (3x +3y)(1)-2(1) = Saaytyte near (2 ]-2( 22) ~° pomp OEM Oo) g v2 2 > >, (3x +339 =3ay-3y’ Poyty se vn a 3x°-3y? Poo CE) 29 ya (3x? -3y*) +xy=0 a 3x? + V2xy-3y* =0 > (3) Comparing the above equation with ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 a=3,2h=\2,b=-3 Now, coefficient of x’ + coefficient of? =3-3=0 Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 9515088260Hence, the lines represented by equation (3) are mutually perpendicular 4. Find the condition for the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the circle x” + y? =a? and the line Ix + my = Ito coincide Solution: Given circle is x? + y? =a? + (1) Given line is x + my =1— (2) Homogenising equation (1) with the help of equation (2), we get, ()oxr+y=a(1y a (lx-+ my)" x+y? =a?(I?x? + my? + 2lmxy) Saya? +a°my? +2a°lmy a@P?x? 4am? y? + 2a°lmxy — x? — a@Px? x? + 2a°lmxy + amy? = y= 0 (a°P =1)x? +2a°Imxy +(a’m?=1)y? = 0 > (3) Comparing the above equation with ax” + 2hxy + by" a=a'l’ ~1,2h=2a'Im,b=a'm =1 If the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 coincide then h® = ab Now, h? = ab (a’im) =(a°P -1)(a’m’ -1) a0 mr =a'Pm -am -al +1 am +a a(P+m)=1 5. Find the condition for the chord ix +my = of the circle x? + y? = a? (Whose centre is the origin) to subtend a right angle at the origin Solution: Given circle is x + y? = a” (1) Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 9515088260Given line is x + my =1— (2) Homogenising equation (1) with the help of equation (2), we get, ()oxe+y=a@(1y a (le-+ my)" x+y? =a?(I?x? + my? + 2lmxy) tay sats? samy? +2a°lmy a@P?x? +. a°m?y? + 2a°lmxy — x? — a@Px? — x? + 2a°lmxy + amy? — y (a°P =1)x? +2a°Imxy +(a*m? -1)y? =0 > (3) Comparing the above equation with ax’ + 2hxy+ by” a=a'l’ =1,2h=2a’lm,b=a'm =1 By data, the lines represented by equation (3) are at right angles a+b=0 ie. coefficient of x? + coefficient of y? = al 14am —1=0 a (? +m’)=2 6. If the equation ax? +2hxy + by? = 0 represent a pair of straight lines and if 0 is the angle between the lines then prove that cos@ = Solution; Given equation ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 represents a pair of lines Ix+my=0>(1) 1,x+m,y =0 (2) Clearly, ax? + 2hxy + by? =(Ix+my)(l,x+ my) ax? + Dhany + by? =I yx? + (lym, + Lym, xy + mmyy? a= hy,2h= hm, + lym,,6=mm, Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 9515088260Given that Gis the angle between the lines (1) & (2) We know that if @is the angle between the lines ax+hy+¢=0 & Jas +40 Va? +62 Ja, +6) [ids + mmol Teme ie -+me a+] (i? + m2 )(1 +m.) ja+3| leh? + bm? + 12m? + mem, ja+3] 2 — Damm, + 1j?m? + 1? a,x+by+c, =Othen, cos = cos@ = 71,2 +m, 1? + 2hlymym, Jato] (A, — mm) + (mp + am) |ax3| (a—b)' + (2h coso =| V(a—5y +48? 7. If the equation ax’ +2hxy+by?=0 represent a pair of distinct (Le. intersecting) lines, then the combined equation of the pair of bisectors of the angles between these lines is h(x*—y*)=(a—b)xy Solution: Given equation ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 represents a pair of lines yomx (1) { By(2) y=m,x> (2) Clearly, ax? + 2hey + by? =(y—m,x)(y— mx) @) Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https () Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 9515088260m+, =— 2 mm, = b b Let y= mx — (3) be one of the angular bisector Let equations (1), (2) & (3) are making angles 0,0, & @ with the positive direction of X axis Let m, = tan0,,m, =tan@,,m=tan@ Clearly, 8, -9=0-6, vetanzg = 2a? = tan 0,+0,=0+0 20=0,+8, -tan(4+p) = an a+ tan tan A.tan B tan 20 = tan(6, + 4,) 2tand __tan@, + tand, I-tan’@ 1—tand,.tand, Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 9515088260W(st-»")=s9(a-5) 8. Show that the product of perpendicular distances from a point (a, B)to the |aae? + 2hap + bp?| (a-6) Solution: Given equation ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 represents a pair of lines pair of straight lines ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 44K Ix+my=0> (1) 1.x +m,y=0-> (2) Clearly, Ix+my)(I,x+my) ae + Dhxy + by? =M,x° + (hm, +hm,)xy + mm? m, +1,m,,b=mm, or + mp Length of perpendicular from (a, #)to equation (I) is ae iy +m, la +m.) Length of perpendicular from (a, )to equation (2) is 1,” + my (1? +m) (1, +m,’) ilser? + 1m ceB + lymcxp + myn, | ith? + 12m)? +12m2 + m?m,? [hugo + (Iamy + lym, JoxB + myn," 21, + m2m, — 2mm, +12m, +12m, + 2bmm, laa? + 2hap + bp"| (2, — myn) + (dam, + Lam) Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 951508826010 |aa? + 2harp + bp" (a- by +(2h) _ |aa? + 2hap + bp"| © (aaa san? 9. Show that the area of the triangle formed by the lines ax? + 2hxy + by? = Oand nh’ -ab So Square units am? = 2him + b”"] * ke-+my+n=0 is Solution: Given equation ax? + 2hxy + by =0 represents a pair of lines yemx-(l) nx > (2) y Clearly, ax? + 2hxy + by? =(y—m,x)(y—m,x) 2h a * Bm = b m, +m, Given line is fx + my +n=0 > (3) Solving equations (1) & (3) (3) + m(mx)+n=0 Q) @) ie+mmx+n=0 A (1+ mm,)x+n=0 () (I+mm,)x=—n Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 9515088260cr Clearly, 4=|-—2—,-”_ T+ mm,” T+mm, Similarly solving equations (2) & (3), we get, B-(— n nm, 1+mm, We know that area of the triangle formed by the vertices O=(0,0), A =(x,.9,) __nm,\ {___n_\(__nm, ) T+mm,) \T+mm, }\ T+ mm, } 2 nm, 2|(1+mm,)(I-+mm,) (7+ mm,)(1-+ mm) nm, - nm, 2|(7+ mm, )(7-+ mm, ) n (mm, -m)° 2 |P + Imm, + Imm, + mmm, ab) =(a+b) —4ab r|_f(m tm) — 4mm, 4h? 4a 2, ya b b 2 [bP -2him + am b Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 951508826012 4h? - 4ab 2n| Vir —ab Aa} Ne 2 |am? — 2him + br wh -ab sq.units Jam? = 2him + bP 10.If the equation S = ax? + 2hxy +by? + 2gx+2 jy += 0 represents a pair of parallel straight lines then show that (i).h? =ab (ii).af? = bg" (iii). The Z z distance between the parallel lines is 2,|®—# = 9 | —¢ a(a+b) “\b(a+b) Solution: The equation S$ = ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx +2 fy +e=0 represents a pair of parallel lines Ix + my +n,=0 & ix+my +n, =0 then, ax? + 2hxy + by? +2gx+2 fy +e=(Ix+my +n,)(Ix+ my +n,) Px? + Umxy + my? 41(n, +m, )x+ (mn, +m,) y+ mM ax? + 2hxy + by’ +2ext+2fyte Comparing the coefficients of like terms on both sides, a=l’,2h=2lm,b=m’,2g =I(n, +n,),2f =m(n, +n,),c=nn, (1). = (Imy Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 951508826013 =Pe

ab 2 Now, g?-ac ~(e) =hhnn, hm +h). 4 Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 9515088260 ~hhnn,16 lithe) atom, +: (a+b) —4ab=(a—B) (In. —hn, J (P5 g-ac>0 go ac (mn, +mn,Y Now, f2—be={ MASE | mmm _ (mm +n) 4 TMM MN, 2 mn, + m,n, r (a+b) -4ab=(a-b) mn, mars). 4 : _( re, } Sf? -be20 fr >be 12.Find the’ centroid and area of the triangle formed by the lines 12x? =20xy + 7y? =0 and 2x-3y+4=0 Solution: Given equation 12x? — 20xy + 7y? =0 represents a pair of lines 12x? - 20xy +7? =0 84x y? 12x? -14xy- 6xy +7? =0 -14y beg 6x 2x(6x-7y)- y(6x-7y)=0 (6x-7y)(2x- y)=0 Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 95150882607 Pair of lines represented by the given equation are 6x-Ty=0> (1) 2x- y=0-(2) Given line is 2x-3y+4=0-— (3) Solving equations (1) and (2), we get, O = (0,0) Solving equations (1) and (3), we get, 4 =(7,6) Solving equations (2) and (3), we get, B=(1,2) Area of AOAB=—|x,y, —x,9,| Area of AOAB = 4sq.units hay + ytyty) 3 3 } <(O+7+1 04642 30° 3 a) 13.Show that the pair of lines 6x* — Sxy-6y? = 0,6x" —Sxy-6y? +x+Sy-1=0 Centroid= G form a square Solution: Given pair of lines are 6x* —Sxy-6y* =0 > (I) 6x? —Sxy—6y? +x+5y—-1=0>(2) Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 951508826018 Clearly, equation (1) represents a pair of perpendicular lines passing through the origin and equation (2) represents a pair of perpendicular lines parallel to equation (1) Hence the given equations (1) and (2) form a rectangle Let OABC be the rectangle such that equation (1) represents O4,OC and equation (2) represents AB, AC Equation to AC be x+5y-1=0 Slope of AC Comparing equation (2) with ax? + Uhxy + by? +2ex+2fr+e=0 a=6,2h=-5,b =-6,2g =1,2f =5,0= Let B=Point of intersection of the pair of lines represented by equation (2) pa( nbs ae) (ab=hP? ab=h* (ile) hf) (24 -5-60 ) —144—25'—144—25 ( p-(1+ 13°13 Slope of OB =5 Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 951508826019 Slope of AC x Slope of OB =—1 Clearly, AC LOB ~- Ina rectangle diagonals are equal but not perpendicular Diagonals are perpendicular. Hence OABC forms a square Dr B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, https://mdhkhanmaths.blogspot.com/ Associate Professor, Madanapalle — 517 325 Cell: +91 9052688623, +91 9515088260