4.2 4.3 44 4.5 4.6 47 a Un 4 qangiuazanuiou oe wnat biiteat 4.1.1 miiessinod laiiieat slienoonvatiaw Tour wion 4.2.2 mateo, 4.2.2 nnenten 4.2.3 nvuiied 4.2.4 arias agnosnauiisd 4.3.1 ngnaswiiod 4.3.2. ngmanaeieno 4.3.3 ngaasavenw-Tuadainul 4.9.4 ngnasiifusant nvwalia A wavs Snel site ajfieounvesn prrmwend luganeniitsari siniguwasanr ays Pr wdugatnn sarah. Tanwasnsse IMA76 erwion vanwits phowieeni ln ananasenhiingéutiaarnsann edanilir dauganngi fa qari Sangin na sei sn branA TUT Seqindwrsdosmiuias aetna naomi ond sud mupamng Hun sei an anne arian Tani iteangiigs, fudasimissun a inaon bri siannuaes ian Fonduiaiiviegi in eruioecnelaniogmislidaniagrits Tuananasiagition seq iiaaoutias dav Tuaqana cian tvsegns ds ie Fame 4.1. inet Taiivent (Thermometer ) huetostaRiingnginariag Fyirwrronuietioaniihy & wae 9 ua, = : » inet leat sina swans lunaneuiy (liquid in glass thermoneter ) thenauiremansuftiivarT aa anaes eihlramtasanasaawy qos ‘asaiveadumtuiaut (nat Tufit matunaniuaise: Ano ; ‘ Sa end n, siiadurngeda (maximue thernoneter ) Faifunas iivaat eae « 39 ws 4 furs Wmtisan TasiinanAA (constriction) aymanaufalnafuntzuhe raramias saamtpsrmeietnslllé vdestoenand soa veut < . soa Valsoninmnedie a ls itaiigamgii Forty ust daa nd iuananasnaiawasn A aanerninessnanaa WilFarrgidenasaangila ae niiwendetia shanialiniihy ino bit eotsion nati hhon wines bin antiiad wengadain werrestsoniga Basa annua a. winduedda (minimum thermoneter ) \funad Tali wat Furs qeuanasoanw uwapeuitasediv ise (index) qHrsnéawsavua (dumbbell ) a ofiuunt odinrs say (gpl 4.1) not bien tener soy luaruam ery ated uerdsda aSanasaanada ilo sana anne fhuas ped (surface tension) Hou na leradanonoaliasts i hatemormasan us Sageoagi Faianonaasener wi uavbralienmaneuiinaondat Taian FoniFierrqamgiende la axe baifinem meuheau Uiniieeanaar idan Smaseetianosnae ada naiialianasna le not iit wafaiied runamagio gar wga Banus 2. inatdieadaiiaisi@ngy (Deformation thermometer) \tuinot ‘bitaofin usin lanedowiin (binettal ic) samtotefiu Hoang fat lanets das situate amen ei bh iaiulleemer reat baat Bian ase pram ‘Wistiaer ten tuehromntinaiiaila (gg 4.2)Pl 41 inet iit aatiiied wiagsqauned ieee = anit a OF: QU 4.2. inatlufiaodfinrean Tavvdasniiam arn toutethy ylaou inafTadiveat (bourdon thermometer ) f¥sngluninuaGenguith Berta sno tenho uvaouna The (eurved tube) danas huvraiananoa \lngungi Sanaan Sanosoaen ui mamadan Wittens iaenuias (gq 4.3)78 i BOURDON TUBE CAPILLARY TUBE } p1A3 ylaouinnt Ldinod dalsenautmmonyfeonuncnaosiiy én (capillary tube) tnatTuinzw (thermograph) Uhuintadiaiiegamgiiianain daunite aasiptasintiihuTanedasniiat tavtaiin wiawthwonyfem (bourdon tube) as Versi roitssesqumuiintinn vilagugivienoae au Wismaewanmumaw laenuins within inden brasainfinannuniee ane witiuagzomtanraan Fondue nwr®n ina Tuna Seqneng gt Ut Hinses airiafiue nos Tali ential tuna i na u77 ga luvane ufia t 38. inet biiimatniiatwin (Electrical Thermoneter) tfuniasita Fume Mundo 9 Hsia luviugnuonguiastinrallage fen! Wun arnraiiiom uiisaaniiy 2 aia n. inafTufiutDa (Thermocouple) inet biienfaiainsenautias qadommasmedasniaiinidoutathy ihuaeiniruazmemowes ttaartontrndisi apie tusanatdanding wits nradbithselwe nase wad wrouliaén ihe quale qzu 4.47 s atek her : B44 scuba fedusinga Fondo rgonns Tomes nian luna = mack amgithuinod hails Dacnat tad 2. ina bilisetttiaiunm (resistance thermoneter ) sin manasinet hiiveetiietiiia eraénumudanread biihma sera anata te anata rasiuins iostaitia ru gauaegniasa arin lien ae nA hata in (ceramic resistor) daiidnhyandavutunuithuan (negative resistance coefficients) thule mruthrunnszanaaitapamgii ier (umias faites Tamera) aiioniimavioium mint inn ier inafiidiwat (thermistor) Hi danhre@ndgarn fence 20,000 Fs 1,500,000 Ten areiugimgiiudas 60 Be -90°c Femina luna iam spgiientinen aunt wmownesidieet daar 0.5 mm uae? 2 fa 5 em writin80 ae ot} 4.1.1 mndemaine! Ladivent snaei $-\lavesmniy usta © adage suk 5 Urinating astintinawuem tein mrad gang ” Site vhf ls 85 dana} inti funaseduaraediivitoutusluitdsuaena suds fanaa nmasain atthe Batata a . res e “Wlasavean wriarhninuisannntnanuna weneinm sbi lima wantin fe = Eanentetsinnt biiastaut, Wiss ne-“lufientanth iafiuTauers Histunvidatisined Iniieataeins (1) “biiinay Tsdiiaigniiua sea “oe fe inn atone nm sito in (2) nyvranamasain lasing Svar teingamginasormdiena vnmanhsdnstind Ma ina Tsai wataetocla Tug aunty (screen) win Gldinfasiia (instrument, shelter) iia 2 x 25 ya sw = wie & = gs 93 uo thlastansIMAsoUe TM UasguiansgeenMumulsssnM 5 Ya (gq 4.5) Bl 4.8 Fldieto stag atiashn ts Vigna uae Tanms suaenn Wine “oad-w 1 Tanaverana1 4.2 wfiennerrin laurrstiau (Types of Heat. Transfer ) melhcharranms sdiamniini sini wfo un hinaontils wae cetimndbdTartu Sudinespunrno hur hore Hosa srnauendis lupin Haare one Tu ode Lunearrun vai ot uaemeanunin nies na ‘nui snosmpngiaer ersten Funan rnecradne ean (teaperature gradient ) errand Sangria huguligatiomnegang thusastaTan fae: stharruruan eget aan prvudu (gradient ) Aiaf%naan atnavitefiia ageiuans ere adi anuae Ver es detec asada angus adn lun ature sonniinnn ecoaousetina remade nutans Tilia Thdury manta wer wouilaeveneran Ter ain spam hugud | ature’ ssrinmweruiausegninlan (transfer) Taumawwrwion (conduction) 7 wianian (convection) wavnvaudied (radiation) 4.2.4 wyntarurion (conduction) firsts Tones mater wou femune i agtarni ss ‘Wiirmterain weenrohoswmemntatuags Ghmorrwtau wegndwlo. Tram rmufurerinsavsennte a anatiagivsiausinn — datuliow Sula Tu aan Souq ious iooeant ston lya.9 msm uN ouultuaewon fun asin Gu wieonsadagntialan hioenunadtion 3s unvovsnstigniuacetinn ude au Luhrs Ts FenroniedrameRrorian dannnhdmiia Taungiy hina erm wiser lusoeaontigaiine datums wYousegna Jouliini mos uamasiimdwint RN Rr Teme thsote wm Foulaanga uaafiaee tier wtoutiriaa | Pariviahon niedtan mama Selina (low thermal conductivity Feliiaveanesinasamedaayrearins infonosiaws Taethinaaann 20-30 searing ab in Sear acTonu suit pamngina sam etaea niagutiosehiisat tea sins taeraduetinngi na en dena dus torn siu a uasiasa im daemiiaana anion srivtiowegmt ron hid dur iiawns — usvitossnaan Uhuineruautins Solu vue arouses tin sor emul Pinenoso wn wilalid82 . Z z pa Aaveduuintia luna vanrinme fete meaner iiousiin iano an eration 4.2.2 1tyATnriaw (Convection) Fuasinmmnvioutan mews masini? uaeuiid udinrrA Forefetuvone lume wiauhauinin nme aan hunadnne ao Yunaviwa (fluid) ‘itasaoanie lu aqanaynas ta etter wend Juremmamnner atone ifietuitavene rund astuneaoncushy dei S lt Vfstuiow Tuna vaousininimasTan ASlamnidutigun'f Waring vt Jane rnrwiiaecvmi udu weiter umnnuiiouriamawiasanios 9 “haarwl unin oomaguecninmermetin dstuawmeiiguriwasinninfiseaanin wunssie Ferednr w Siganiunverranr wineries “lune Gu auarnnelfhuwas: fervor ecg wrumiw-wisnane cg is our feu Jn Sethuntsvaunrvasifatuiaiios gp! 4.6 Sinpse dummnnrumnsnnen ain (convective circulation) tugurssinW Turnpgioninn nramar eta ume lanes sei Fn twee ani (advection) Feaann Wi funr amend rsiun amar wien uy (convection) dhurri¥ana sean nnd ne rsyaen Wi ian tiene rag amuse tanh mechanical turbulence wia turbulence Ground i 4.6 nteadnmneniiau wie (convection currents) aanaraio < sonia tueaa 4.2.3 nmmuiied (Rediation) aruda fun athacdecun rion wpune eran Tat ist thio sia rand ward uo ansin euud iggy vheraawenesa rind vaulted Pie Wate ia ie erases awe tnenminriuinnan ica mum sour ans apauds (200,000 1.1. s0TwA) 4.2.4 RT ate UIE (Specific Hest ) Literary nineteen ula ri-ailournn Fousrnngpite WEsdnieqvils sett uvGenusleseang wonder wriouse Aun iifonunlacdonns chimed this Sonia tom ienacioangiionns une inci lave aoueTigang ath | gtegiinho seuss uN aout ld Tu seusldenudassiiingity 7 aon Sarnerafionie ling uu. 1 cn Hgamgghdadm 1°c owrniion Hunemasiagin shih daleraiousumeannige stunngtonn we 1 mao? donin snowhitaiid (F168 °C) usemusiiernfaustine 0,188 Jen. "¢ seicietanun ration 1 erat eens 1 ritalin 1°C west ecrofiow 1 mactiriihll went liner uniteniacionmtls 5° 4.3 ngmawnrastied (Radjation's Law) Suangonufludoone i iegd aw etungiiummniine sega MnnraNEADS vari a gimigitinrnuel sedi ad aqeiiwvit ana eee or muinorreaTanmons vnietutsaniinnincie Robuoniwmoaieem (E) fa col em min staawh dadona on rudy Ae orFunamiams unr nui sAaaviags (bleck-body radiation) aglaw sana ruierrandni Vera arg dono snr rausl igangibunis urn Fegan (black body) Watraurang lide 9 1 Sagan d los wins Inder 100 x wHgoniutsA anise 100 x Hus entinge 4.3.1 ngnacwiet (Plank's Law) wat tt Ys 42 Pe won navy wivenusaanrudT dann uudacr TMT RANI 9) “Buf engi igora4 4 ees, a sinteeeners ys Vin E, _yarinftandisarufusinnn (emissive power ) sinmufivmgdaniianin Pera mn Poet ke B Jniiowiteniostza1 uasinniauity calen™ min”! wa ergsen” sec”! (1 keal = 4186 joule) way 1 = 107 ergs) singer ae 4 aeifirin E vihilyfiiumnsar nerdy Teer es fof & = ghesiionpsTuamtifud (boltzmann's constant ) 1.9806 x 10°! ergs Kt “ 10 1 aruifauds = 3 x 10? om sec iain A “34 ho = éhavinmaenieh = 6.69 x 10° joule-sec 6.63 x 10°27 erg-sec : 4 nat eee Tron rumiterrannindusis 9a ganna uae eae a wad adh awlatauThedon (Planck curve) ravinga*miannmm 7 (qn 4.7) Aaiation intensity 200" eater} ‘eaiion? Vio) eaten? Vin) 10 20 30 40 60 00 10 20°30 40 8) 60 10 20 90 40 60 60 Winans in microns Wevelangh in lene Wovelength in mirone UAT gradi vannondofetartugangie stud wigan Haltow sty sa thy dedoufuina stom dear utounnusionn iutar vada) Hadeneasstacn prratina sn aust sa iomua ema toommp Feds iuongaos sunt Tuadatiae) use ue aedutiie a taannidassduas GivBangua vn >85 = eee ee e poner egmn eu a Teen aeRoe an Bueno an run oA Fa Hognengi ven e. 4s . Bu udaraeronsuntannnda (1, Win ry.) sefiatuas 4.3.2 ngnamztenasiu (Wien’s Displacement Law} eo mE rimNO SN TUN vagiada (maximum emission) nFanetnnTannT7 SMivovauliom (differentiate) garmnenienTauriny > usa Vira riugusl = 0) 2 2re"h winding = ere » 3B ghe”AKT f - we Wox = fe ere tecre ene fata NT 2 hte tere oes Nes ne 8,F umisnas ligase ania ’ aa Va log er mniasuauntisdn sss Te : ane? In Ey = In ( a3 fe’ 5 fume ein FE og ine - ate” — 1) r 43 he wun foltviovrnlton Agana ste ain 5 1 eX - 1) Ge Er = O+ ee a caereae -8 aan86 Lawns 2 inamuanféer mate (significant ) Beek se wWia oxtxe™ = 5 ne 0081 . ura = 4,9651 ves umAn b gee © asludunas ae li Daaxt «== 2BB_ em deg 0.288 Nex OT via a OY yee cm) xi deend eth en a stiues ae retunn st sdhaie a Honntigesdi nits _ 70 Nex 2 awa Aga charivianrat lati 2 axhwerwan shemwaniita Suara Fouwwinidastuieth vitofiowéniier Tou tamuflaediduas wast" lifiow vari “Foustadiin Mieco ida une bieciiim thar Fado egebtin nae VFuazaw uasiriianawanea hufiaenane Wai au aad ole ere terra et ae eee Mode tuts duoc wiv inghuied ioing Ivoumudaee vane? wotu aroaumit ei “ ea tt viiihudu photinafte loseneengt (7) ihre Tudan wasthpamgi Fain ae 5 es rs actus eran ietuiecanns Cori udstuasiulie rue ahge lumetua iy Fuller Si mf ad Jat lovrwamen'tyluend crararrimeneegiaa ssrA a fiee ieee ca ‘ded cacathar adh aria itrmdenasin erent fuastantida uaemee aiuass thar niga 5 4 taal eo eae re doniansemidossimgnacnuina wi Vnaniwanonliiien Fount “daavaiine’ iting’ ly i87 - 4 - af us Aunnierine ruerrmitunasN auey sana sense vied marina Saran ¥uurrslacies sai e tae Terai Wseana 0.5. durian Feith ad arsmr gangs so ied te all food 4.1 see en AE ies Soya > ew Samoan sdgadonasensa indie num nau 0.5 ‘uerau annngzastu n= 2900 _w."K max WR) t= 2900 K O.5u = 5800"K Grad 4.2 anna od te win can*euit i ae Taniigquyggiaanieare 15°C Win 288°Ktiosain Tanueii sauaiuiaeraiiy Sano ung lana reas latins angers max 2900 uk rk wma T= 288°K wate 290°K Th 2900 °K 290°K = iow fonas 10 “nmantion studi vise waeemasenyt 7 blcartouaaity AB Gistiy Tan@ebiainstumauna rst anndhasnstieda sina andrea iaate sin tanga tounsean Jeftuioomna neta Radin eaten urn natin 0.5 Twerouc tid uaviFurherae eddy lusistie nu Aaututioansintan 10 tuetautiueu the soressa 4.3.3. Nqnaed.entnu-ludeninn, (Stefan-Bolfzmann's Law) raat sgn " rrr mena age Repti od ak vin Knontoh Cee s curve) sre lea andudiunredunvanguosnds ohana att Busan 0 ia © wld gE = off 4 Hes (Le tio = donsionavtianm-Tudenind ( Stafan-Boltzmann constant) + a.22.x 107! cal min! cm” = 5.678 x 10 eresec™! cm = qamgiithu"K = arin ic seenetty aan Tit sina cal en nin! Sevruaes oe a * gawd errginr ma wn un spies ine varawvan ingua’nmM pangs 2 ; Santaclé iueudtirer wt antsy wal uot Lsduumienndae 9 owieg li uwefianront lit us tne sofia arn tooth 4.3 Tan itun rouse a viadiaimtsana 0.5 cal en “nin! -aeetmrnnrgeneinit Tan an E = oO t , um = «E=0.5 cal on™” min 6 = 8.22x 107! cal min? Yo: 2.5.00 cn”? min a.22 x 107! cal min = 6t x20" xt T = 280°K Ai Rane sr wh eno pm Tad gg sy 288°K nog earantutl uve wemssiinn avanti creda 4.3 Ten ttunradioue ncaa 0.8 cal cn “ain Solimnianngy 4.8 del futitiudsTouesstmomnaninmicn xr? uasiiia =1Bo A . ko Bl 4.8 ar Eupn ado vind Tan adennonui 7 Taniinaaraes fui mnnisd dons erouLustudweslauess toss aniniinaadst amano stoi ohn i : lars dufinrsnaunasilandate 4 whnadufaanan i cohgeilandicae sad thus ‘Tarpon neiuateqeuinssann tale! witamuit land 4 r® ceittn th x. aetbundt toned cfutandS < ee Fufrmoonrsneaiiuios) Setundesavit smut lansvasasvwie 26% mnwK aches wiawriniy 0.5 cal om “pin”! 4.3.4 ngmasihis mah (Kirchoff's Law) nglind 73 agit Shit aganitutiniive ul ue SARS ae ue aera a fa wlond ca linaditen gma arranged’ sai rer rand rian sranaeutinnn i hugemag Senin uduliae ingranl Guaeqanauy sauna 70 1s usiiuae taint duscqaniuivdudsiuosiiuls (visible ight ) ‘bid Swtiu Suet Viviegiaefinmas las song Aisa vaofiseduel sii weluiu teow Tusounar shite Baas ukuihi a aaana she Anetuiage tivaitsd uaeganity Sudha ann 9 arn AAaU Tonia 9 “IsFiaqnniiiassandn- wasn agen un “hn dmrnganau (absorptivity) widduiiniiulaeaniewanannausit saa Funn arrwulisied (emissivity) —deliulisdmmgantuiavanmslsistaa sagan 100 lof dus90 4.4 rrmaidie wae viindiisihu (transmissivity and Extinction) dase in duon Had sorfiaduaee rane saan lan lai lus dou Salus huintasiundsim (transmission) wage wueranr anaes 9 Sruastit erud 1. Felermmanau x Gun rriaulistiier anny sunniis usegnenimrmiwanasivde 1, Seth tronsnissivity (1) mawfad ory errmeranan s Harudastrnter ian Tee Tuna éumsiinufiaoudie 9 cme duns lanula snes armies Boe w : 4 ¢ A A Susmasiet io dt = mrienuninsnosr an tuaeas fee nganiumasuinal a Fimin dx astiu HL ae ; : 4 Py A ce Vita k uh extinction coefficient iManinumusay nani unas 4 be Usteaaa a aR EMR LT an gf aeE 2 4 aufiinaans 2 Hos Biman 1, ilo x = @ uae 1, ile x = a « : kn fei Ror ye a id iia dh ahem ATER MANETS eTUNOMA UN RaeTiA NAIM Laima Eth avian 4.5. iiffvieFeunisan (The Greenhouse Effect.) ffi Toure upaaiao sre Fudan lee us91 Neat rons 4 se ¢ sonia Winvouuiaangaond — tilnennijiiniounizan weaned ansaiiiy pee he Ee Maa a pray arnt Sekuqangiina guia TanSagun iterate (gg 4.9 n uae 4.9 0) lsckbooy AE nematic 07 015 02 03 os 1 i823 6 0 152 3 60 100 Absopton fin percent) ° Propped 81 HO | HH ie cy Ho mol 02s H20 (rotation) wo 0 BI 4.9 mimi sansa ase onic bajae tut dndud dl sararromeatwr itr Ua aloud dour rau sdnovTandaw aise tui sdeduera warden aegngand Tenusaerinwidathi oon" lin fine Founte Tair blet ~ ingest window ot z oe é ono. i Secon Te 199 200 waveuenarA way ——>- Pi 4.0 8 qhudastionrigeniul sd TewuTdA thud mabenowhns 9 nesurnmeuay Tnatiauraenmetigne (ining! 4.9 1) anmnragandu (absorptivity) awithuiewdau waedidrann 0 fia Fagandu 100 lef itu) dawn genau row thuquétithenensuranmasarins 8-12 “luerou aif co, “ath 0, wazamiediTlufiaw sa seg imu loganiunia srrfurisanindn peranrriutigngantuseayuaiae 4-8 w uae 12-20 » useeiindy smtas 8-12 wo duniovileanhinwdindisnasutaind (atmospheric window) nant (gq 4.9) ‘Tmuagenoaidigae ena ini setufin Tu aqanasain eau Solum Baraemad nawtoututione HouFaindtign Wiouty situs asiesasi Tadevutndn dawibsnostaileaiioandoand _udatderuisied ninaniidvlan 25th dour stu 8 ivy tan gorse ena huiteade Tare iste Founswan (gp) 4.10) fart irae eiiqangiiaanntun ies hyes ‘Atmosphere exe heat Amorbed by Extra heat poms” earth aoa) a , Sota’ Di 4.10 ug Faunasan wren dseuey dar myn sa mundiuwy igi Tan 4 gant ape dM arthuwdserwiouiiudd (extra source of heat.) tid Wfudstiaen’ : Ht “Viera aegutuni nesses the ygmabn thai aamm ang ameamnseyns ts ani ‘ilo waaitostag nity uactifa st sdacitquugiuaw radu ina auivitoutn udleruuandasiiy 2a fos 9, seilumariq uasiiton a, “biituam Snaritlueauta ej lag bmavithannn nin ermauiiia asso Vielen Fourteen lava daRavnnnagendniederutouvn lan uncut vhinsdwunduasaniicindn. Solvent fiiios n. aettuasiTucaanarsiy duitilas 9, erufowsegt deh Huet an ining usin aos arndiomuindiawn gly wiles 2. awtiiunsluesunartuarn mhhuifas 1. ¢ dathina einai oiienaaliFiuTaunavanita manntaihensiins fate we sAuhiio std ann nae he auhman Cap! 4.11) Glass Auta armeiniiuae fn arom alia “Tennesse unin fh anacrmanth fede arn rnwasrmion uae fina idinne sna ttason Los to wace Lost wo space See ie von ot we ve ai ae act ‘ Sate 4 aa e P41. Autiiormduas ase fund iuti sean vila san lft sean thins a agjiuaFounsean aijfiun Founreanaras nd tumecamranaguagstr Waa usiiaw Hvawdaunhn “warfermaiita eoraur ana sifiiien Faunteanaes alienuela seri Soweto” daly Tue aainarsta gungs uaemsiansy anmpfiasanas ater $ vdassanittatthorion Tanfigamagiseari sna iuwaenan tua iad siiutis 1B G 4.6 ar uMeni sunnier sndmaranrasms (Oceans, Land and Temperature ) sorties hin vadanodines mt baeannginrasuiiingion waeenna rs Auta naa ipengiinnsc wr wi vicanr anys Sauaiaenanta siann eumggine sarin a vit at wvivnuliafing ilo sin ase nduata Aewiogamgiima sew undasvsiia tho wr dsr moderna agresegen buat dauarmdt Lfnerranmaar ser ng uo. \lofiesr vitouehautt¥on Sshuaunginasonmsaeaad wre eradenendting diosa ita vtus dt5 ni Tigamaina sind anrdams Ss bi muta ern ita Hants Tauiaiy sox sosutanrfndensqurtn wacaruncgngani tan iinnachufuuaduamaeqnganauisnreninn wereasting sian daigs dana sented eda megan Frau lao iarn anemaama a Ve ausiriouitvaguttitin sane ntmrte mantra nil anna iid an ian “ives taproniin wenn shunner ang sian sea Boone vias noniiraltntua sien armani aitasuas astnultngurdaerniios dosfigsanumih rf egiovnsinanan rate Farrand ios andtaorniin Vuninowindaduthinots elie wnndets i Ssfunrwtoutee srumiftanuiiasds laeémte tows in & Fravnep Hud duasdinangiiion Shady ume Weare sim fuera tae ftnuthidstiie rare rion! arn Fenner avias War atau hun ‘Voamaiisa situ fenrmun hin ier ation un aia" iiouhataens eliganagn Ws androtins thu th 1 nin Boteeruifouatd 1 ean gamgimnsiiuyrw 1° frum 1 ofurtunostiowty iu unin Goerwiou Sth 1 ean ui aamaiinastindnsiextuity 5°¢ Toundututiotwunindy dun rious aus riia aumggiawas 8 iviniduderatin sinaamaentarunaind us sondamrequaesihiasirunn erature Tunidedur tout irnatartise tua whhrenovne egsunits fn igiiarnw bila uilas hisnniin 4.7 erunmamneT Matos Tanai WM (The Earth's Heat Budget.) Tw rdarauay 100 salefud saneasoniied vita fisTansegndehon néuaon' ly 96 wlot ud wars 95 ulofiiuiiite dnierdmavion (albedo) m0 Taniuias (rn albedo wia reflectivity fifawnamdsndshoutaa nash waumituios) wae 15% mosndwdsargnganda’ umm Sune uA aMMA ST IEA an dauwisenifin 25 + 25 Wia 60 mi ¢ = X WU 4.12) avdaramniemTan ten ory 25. niw uae laninvavim (transmission) nui (diffusion) nang 4s (scattered) naviiauismarufia uurseinean 25 wie°6 Unit of eneray as 5 (0 nis of energy “Top ofstmosphere Unité of energy 0 sits of 1s unite ones yD thsorbed by magpie Refetion of| | sole cates Hydrologic Earth's suctace 1 ae RET OS TTT Bont SF ones Convection Gaperanspaion direct rays . at Albedo © 25.444 6 =35 ENERGY BALANCES tae amorphee es Tea eneray : i Sate Unis in Units out i” ou Pa 18 @ 1 B 3 8 Strom sn ® as 3 a ‘ 10 0 stmoaphere 95 sche to amesphere @ Tani 165 ie is is 100 Bl 4.12 pltianasaruduqatinasrritowterins Tanuaear and lam Tangendunieswndudusmrn tues fasuiniuoon uy samme waienn deltas 110 + 5 wise story s wnianduniiot arraomeatiuvr te aon i inantnnmasussenmd inerrant 8-12 "luetau dm 110 woes grgandy unsaid unneonnie rarFousenndem liana Pilz in a lone mawmArwiauin 10 wlan uavlenermioussasnra7i MEM hydrologic cycle Sn 20 wiion orate otiontgenén li dameun vin 15 yniaeuaa ae liearwion gan Tuvrarnetioma 15 + 110.4 19 + 20 saucthi 155 mia Yum 195 wiautiaedantinntisiulan 95 wimasdssangaand 60 vim (uavtiteswfuiaan hl monininsnawranmd 5 min feevihiarwfauflaondatne 68 yilan) dstivatu erutaut Suamitutenaudur tan 50 wiveitindurninganae hearted 1897 vniay tautih, 65 widow favqndandunan lhmisthuatucu iii Tnéraruddunrasiurrwtoumas Tan ute 9 fell usiiwostaweh ansuvionnTanaéa evn uiaaniee venue bint wn anguiderss: ‘Wiveruriouenudausmannniindeiouniuoon hy) Tumut Tanda vasendisiin uasnnaiv hun na guiderseduiiatuiton 7 wast Tan iuasiton 9 usta errs audaraent anit ion hist Tan wavarw dus Raat sa ist urges debe Vistenrsisaen radon hinTan (gpl 4.13) Les ase from sun than last 10 space eS sept Poy, maces a 4.19, ar wlbidqano onion luuiazaddigasene iudwvonmit mn duguidoss: Wm rw tone seriedinnneewioandoand arwiaui tadisean wei luttt Tan Tangs: uae Taunsenti Tasers