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CHAPTER 7:
Sexual Problems and Solutions
Total Assessment Guide (T.A.G.)
Question Remember the Understand the Apply What You

Topic
Type Facts Concepts Know
Introduction Multiple Choice
to Chapter Essay
Historical Multiple Choice 1 2

Essay
Perspectives
7.1 What Is a Multiple Choice 3, 7–9 5, 6, 10, 14 4, 11–13
Sexual
Problem? Essay 66
7.2 Sources of Multiple Choice 15, 20, 24, 25 16, 23 17–19, 21, 22
Sexual
Essay 67
Problems
7.3 General Multiple Choice 26, 30, 33 27, 28 29, 31, 32
Guidelines for
Solving Essay 68
Sexual
Problems
7.4 Specific Multiple Choice 38, 39, 41–43, 49, 52, 55, 35, 36, 44, 45, 47, 48, 34, 37, 40, 46, 50, 51, 53,
58, 61, 63, 65 57–59, 60 54, 56, 62, 64
Problems and
Solutions:
The DSM-5 Essay 69 70
Revisited
Major Headings:
pp. 219–220 Introduction to Chapter

p. 221 Historical Perspectives
pp. 221–224 7.1 What Is a Sexual Problem?
pp. 224–230 7.2 Sources of Sexual Problems
pp. 230–235 7.3 General Guidelines for Solving Sexual Problems
150
Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
pp. 235–256 7.4 Specific Problems and Solutions: The DSM-5 Revisited
p. 257 Your Sexual Philosophy
151
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. According to the text, the work of _______ in the early 1960s revolutionized our
understanding of sexual anatomy and sexual responding.
a. Kinsey
b. Masters and Johnson
c. Hite
d. Kaplan
Answer: B
Difficulty Level: Easy
Topic: Historical Perspectives
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
2. Today’s treatments of sexual difficulties rely heavily on an interaction of _______

factors.
a. psychological and physical
b. physical and spiritual
c. psychological and spiritual
d. spiritual and cultural
Answer: A
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Topic: Historical Perspectives
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
3. Most sexual problems are _______.

a. diagnosed by a physician
b. diagnosed by a therapist
c. self-diagnosed
d. diagnosed by family members
Answer: C
Topic: What Is a Sexual Problem?
152
4. Lena feels that she is the only person in the world who has a sexual problem. Given the
information discussed in the textbook about sexual problems, what would you tell Lena?
a. Sexual problems are rare.
b. Sexual difficulties are very common.
c. It is important to keep sexual problems a secret.
d. Only women experience sexual problems.
Answer: B
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
5. Which of the following sexual problems occurs in females?

a. genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD)
b. erectile problems
c. delayed ejaculation
d. rapid ejaculation
Answer: A
6. The DSM-5 divides sexual disorders into several categories. Which of the following is
one of those categories?
a. sexual fear disorder
b. sexual pleasure disorder
c. bad sex disorder
d. sexual desire disorder
Answer: D
6. Which of the following sexual problems can occur in males and in females?
a. sexual aversion
b. inhibited sexual arousal
c. inhibited orgasm
d. hypoactive sexual desire
Answer: D
153
7. Masters and Johnson estimated that half of all married couples experience a _______
sexual problem at some point in their marriage.
a. diagnosable
b. undiagnosable
c. treatable
d. curable
Answer: A
154
8. According to a national survey conducted in the 1990s, what percentage of people
reported at least one sexual problem lasting at least one month?
a. 0–10 percent
b. 2–25 percent
c. 3–33 percent
d. 50–75 percent
Answer: C
Difficulty Level: Difficult
8. According to a national survey conducted in the 1990s, approximately what percentage

of men reported having premature ejaculation?
a. 2-5
b. 7-11
c. 15-25
d. 35-45
Answer: C
9. Which of the following sexual problems would be classified under the sexual desire,
interest or arousal category for men?
a. difficulty maintaining an erection for sexual activity
b. anxiety about painful intercourse
c. reaching orgasm and ejaculation within one minute of penetration
d. delay in reaching orgasm
Answer: A
9. According to a national survey conducted in the 1990s, which of the following

problems were most frequently reported by women?
a. hypoactive sexual desire
b. inability to reach orgasm
c. pain during sex
d. difficulty lubricating
Answer: A
155
10. Which of the following are the dimensions that comprise the two-dimensional model
of sexual problems?
a. duration and intensity
b. duration and frequency
c. frequency and context
d. duration and context
Answer: D
156
11. Alyssa is a 40-year-old woman who has never achieved orgasm with a partner, but
has done so during masturbation. She would be classified as having a _______ and
_______ sexual problem, respectively.
a. lifelong; secondary
b. lifelong; situational
c. acquired; generalized
d. acquired; partial
Answer: B
12. Kareem is a 35-year-old man who is unable to maintain an erection with his partner,
but has not had this problem with other partners in the past. He would be classified as
having a(n) _______ and _______ sexual problem.
a. lifelong; secondary
b. lifelong; generalized
c. acquired; situational
d. acquired; partial
Answer: C
13. A woman who has never experienced an orgasm with or without a partner in any
setting would be classified as having a(n) _______ and _______ sexual problem.
a. lifelong; situational
b. lifelong; generalized
c. acquired; situational
d. acquired; generalized
Answer: B
157
14. Which of the following are aspects of the context dimension that are used when
evaluating a sexual problem?
a. generalized vs. situational
b. lifelong vs. acquired
c. total vs. partial
d. primary vs. secondary
Answer: A
14. According to the three-dimensional model of sexual problems, a problem that occurs
every time in a given setting is defined as _______.
a. total
b. partial
c. situational
d. global
Answer: A
15. Sexual problems stemming from _______ sources typically occur when the physical
body is incapable of responding appropriately, regardless of the sexual activities that are
occurring.
a. biological
b. psychological
c. relationship
d. cultural
Answer: A
Topic: Sources of Sexual Problems
16. What effect does alcohol have on sexual functioning?

a. It can inhibit penile erection and clitoral engorgement.
b. It enhances physiological sexual response.
c. It increases sexual desire.
d. It speeds up orgasms.
Answer: A
158
159
17. Garth is a heavy cigarette smoker. What types of sexual problems can he possibly
experience due to smoking?
a. erectile problems
b. decreased desire
c. inhibited ejaculation
d. dyspareunia
Answer: A
18. Linda is taking SSRIs to treat depression. Which of the following might she
experience as a result of these medications?
a. erectile problems
b. decreased desire
c. inhibited orgasm
d. priapism
Answer: C
19. Elsa is currently in a satisfying marriage. However, she has anxiety about getting
pregnant that is manifesting in her inability to become sexually aroused. Her sexual
problem is the result of _______ causes.
a. biological
b. psychological
c. cultural
d. social
Answer: B
160
20. Which of the following is one of the six relationship factors that can affect sexual
functioning?
a. hormonal imbalances
b. racial differences
c. conflicting sexual expectations
d. age differences
Answer: C
21. Joel has arousal difficulties when attempting to make love with his partner. Which of
the following may be a source of his problem?
a. loss of trust in his partner
b. conflicting sexual expectations
c. cultural differences
d. religious differences
Answer: A
22. Marissa and Milo are seeing a counselor because they would like to improve their
already satisfying sexual relationship. Which of the following would their counselor most
likely recommend?
a. try to be intuitive regarding each other’s needs and wishes
b. make sounds that communicate excitement and pleasure
c. create a list of sexual demands for each other
d. discuss openly their sexual likes, dislikes, and desires
Answer: D
161
23. When a person is angry, there are two barriers to sexual intimacy that function
simultaneously. These barriers are _______ and _______.
a. physiological responses; psychological distance
b. psychological distance; cultural issues
c. physiological responses; cultural issues
d. social expectations; psychological distance
Answer: A
24. Valuing a partner’s wishes, ideas, desires, unique characteristics, and abilities are the
components of _______.
a. love
b. respect
c. desire
d. attraction
Answer: B
25. When people of different cultures become involved in a romantic relationship, their
attitudes and expectations regarding sex may cause _______.
a. sexual problems
b. lack of respect
c. depression
d. low self-esteem
Answer: A
26. Which of the following researchers wrote Human Sexual Inadequacy?

a. Kaplan
b. Kinsey
c. Money
d. Masters and Johnson
Answer: D
Topic: General Guidelines for Solving Sexual Problems
162
27. Sensate focus _______.
a. redirects emphasis away from intercourse and focuses on mutual sensuality
b. redirects emphasis away from sensuality and focuses on intercourse
c. emphasizes teaching clients mutual masturbation techniques
d. emphasizes teaching clients oral sex and creative intercourse techniques
Answer: A
28. The beginning stages of the Masters and Johnson technique of sensate focus involve
_______.
a. caressing the genitals and breasts in order to reach an intense orgasm
b. removal of all clothing and caressing all non-genital body parts without reaching
orgasm
c. the use of strictly nonverbal techniques to determine one’s partner’s erogenous zones
d. the use of specific exercises by a female surrogate with a male client
Answer: B
29. Lizzie and Lucas are at a point in their sensate focus sex therapy where they are
allowed to caress each other’s nipples and genitals. They are at a point in therapy where
the goal is to _______.
a. have sex several times per week
b. orgasm
c. achieve sensual and pleasurable sensations
d. learn sexy behaviors
Answer: C
163
30. Which of the following is a true statement regarding why masturbation is a central
component in the treatment of various sexual problems?
a. It enables couples to reconnect on a sensual level rather than focus on sexual release.
b. It helps individuals work on specific sexual difficulties with a partner in the room.
c. It is never used as a central component for the treatment of various sexual problems.
d. It allows individuals to become more aware of their own bodily sensations.
Answer: D
31. Erica and Manny’s therapist gave them masturbation activities to help them overcome
a sexual problem. Their therapist is using which of the following strategies?
a. sensate focus
b. communication enhancement
c. directed masturbation
d. spectatoring
Answer: C
32. Which of the following is the best way to communicate sexual preferences and
desires to one’s partner?
a. make sounds or movements to communicate excitement and pleasure
b. use mirroring techniques while making love
c. verbally express sexual needs, likes, dislikes, and feelings
d. use nonverbal communication in the form of touch
Answer: C
33. Virtually all sex therapies involve _______.

a. directed masturbation strategies
b. medication
c. enhancing communication
d. touch mirroring
Answer: C
164
34. Matt and Fran have been partners for several years. Over the past year, Matt has lost
his desire for sex with Fran, even though they say they still love each other. Matt is
experiencing _______.
a. generalized arousal disorder
b. hypoactive sexual desire
c. sexual disinhibition
d. sexual rejection disorder
Answer: B
Topic: Specific Problems and Solutions: The DSM-5 Revisited
35. Which of the following statements is true about our understanding of low sexual
desire?
a. Fear of an unwanted pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases can lead to low sexual
desire.
b. Low sexual desire impacts women significantly more than men.
c. Low sexual desire is almost always a lifelong problem.
d. Low sexual desire is more common with young people than older people.
Answer: A
35. Which general category of sexual problems are the most common problems presented
in therapy?
a. problems with desire
b. erectile problems
c. problems reaching orgasm
d. problems with arousal
Answer: A
Topic: Specific Problems and Solutions: the DSM-5 Revisited
36. Sensate focus is used as a treatment for hypoactive sexual desire by _______.
a. reacquainting each partner with the pleasurable sensation of sexual response
b. teaching couples how to communicate their feelings to each other
c. helping couples reduce their anxiety about intercourse and fears about performance
d. gradually eliminating specific thoughts that may be causing their sexual problems
165
Answer: C
166
37. Louis is seeking therapy for hypoactive sexual desire. His therapist is using an
intervention technique that is designed to gradually eliminate his self-defeating beliefs and
attitudes that underlie his sexual problems. What technique is Louis’s therapist using?
a. sensate focus
b. communication enhancement
c. masturbation exercises
d. cognitive-behavioral therapy
Answer: D
38. Male erectile disorder was once referred to as _______.

a. dyspareunia
b. vaginismus
c. spectatoring
d. impotence
Answer: D
39. Erectile problems ______ a man’s age.

a. are unrelated to
b. are easier to treat with
c. decrease with
d. increase with
Answer: D
39. Male erectile problems are most common in which of the following age groups?
a. 15-20
b. 20-40
c. 40-60
d. 60-75
Answer: D
167
40. Luke has experienced erectile difficulty on several occasions. As a result, he
developed a fear of not being able to achieve an erection. Luke has _______.
a. dyspareunia
b. vaginismus
c. depression
d. performance anxiety
Answer: D
168
41. Mentally observing and judging oneself during sexual activities with a partner is
called _______.
a. dyspareunia
b. impotence
c. spectatoring
d. performance anxiety
Answer: C
42. Viagra is used as a treatment for _______.

b. erectile disorder
c. male orgasmic disorder
d. premature ejaculation
Answer: B
43. Which of the following statements is true of erectile medications?

a. They enhance the body’s ability to respond to sexual stimulation with increased blood
flow to the penis.
b. The medication has an effect on all men, regardless of age.
c. They are medications that induce erections.
d. The second generation of these medications is much less effective than Viagra.
Answer: A
43. Which of the following is a treatment for male erectile disorder?

a. penile implants
b. spectatoring
c. squeeze technique
d. hormone therapy
Answer: A
169
44. Which of the following is a way of determining if the cause of a man’s erectile
dysfunction is physiological?
a. monitoring erections while viewing pornographic materials
b. using the squeeze or start/stop technique
c. monitoring erections during REM sleep
d. counting the number of erections he has each day
Answer: C
170
45. One approach to treating erectile problems that are caused by psychological factors is
to encourage a couple to _______.
a. make more effective use of power and control in the course of foreplay and coitus
b. eliminate specific thoughts that may be causing the problems
c. engage in kissing and caressing for pleasure rather than as preludes to intercourse
d. incorporate the kinds of fantasies into their sex life that will lead to erections
Answer: C
46. Zora has a persistent inability to attain an adequate lubrication-swelling response of

sexual excitement. She probably has _______.
a. female sexual arousal disorder
b. female orgasmic disorder
c. hypoactive sexual desire
d. sexual aversion disorder
Answer: A
47. Which of the following is a physiological cause of female sexual arousal disorder?
a. hormonal imbalances
b. blocked coronary arteries
c. migraine headaches
d. dyspareunia
Answer: A
48. Low levels of _______ are linked with low levels of arousal.
a. thyroxin
b. progesterone
c. testosterone
d. estrogen
Answer: C
171
49. Which of the following is true of female sexual interest/arousal disorder?
a. It has symptoms that are easily observable.
b. It is identical to male sexual desire disorder.
c. It may stem from biological, psychological, relationship or cultural causes.
d. It is not very common in the United States.
Answer: C
49. Which of the following is NOT considered a general treatment for female sexual
arousal disorder?
a. enhanced communication
b. sensate focus exercises
c. cognitive behavioral therapy
d. directed masturbation
Answer: C
50. Elsie has been married for seven years. During this time she has never reached
orgasm. Elsie probably has which of the following disorders?
a. female sexual arousal disorder
b. female orgasmic disorder
c. hypoactive sexual desire
d. sexual aversion disorder
Answer: B
51. Joanna is a 55-year-old woman who has been sexually active for many years but has
never experienced an orgasm. Scientists sometimes refer to this condition as _______.
a. preorgasmic
b. situational anorgasmia
c. sexual aversion disorder
d. hypoactive sexual desire
Answer: A
172
52. Which of the following is a cause of female orgasmic disorder?
a. blocked coronary arteries
b. being a lesbian
c. cultural differences of sex partners
d. lack of desired stimulation
Answer: D
53. According to research, which of the following demographic categories appears to be

linked to orgasm?
a. age
b. race
c. income
d. job
Answer: A
53. Leila is concerned that she has female orgasmic disorder because she rarely has an
orgasm during intercourse. What should she know about female orgasms?
a. Most women do not routinely have orgasms through intercourse.
b. Millions of women should be diagnosed with anorgasmic disorder.
c. The only way for a woman to have an orgasm is by self-masturbation.
d. Most women prefer to have sexual relations without orgasm
Answer: A
54. Morris has difficulty reaching orgasm after long periods of stimulation. He most
likely has _______.
Answer: C
173
55. Which of the following is a cause of male orgasmic disorder?
a. psychological issues
b. cultural issues
c. diabetes
d. hormonal imbalances
Answer: A
56. Wolfgang tends to have orgasms before he attempts to penetrate his girlfriend’s
vagina. This is an example of _______.
Answer: D
57. Men are more likely to be concerned about premature ejaculation when engaging in
sexual activities with a partner, such as _______.
a. masturbation
b. oral sex
c. vaginal or anal sex
d. kissing
Answer: C
58. Which of the following is a possible cause for premature ejaculation?

a. reduced physical sensitivity to sexual stimulation
b. shorter periods of abstinence between sexual encounters
c. lower levels of testosterone
d. faster-acting pelvic reflexes and genital muscles that control orgasm
Answer: D
174
59. The “squeeze technique” or start-stop method is used to treat _______.
a. premature ejaculation
b. male orgasmic disorder
c. erectile dysfunction
d. male dyspareunia
Answer: A
60. Generally speaking, the most effective treatment for premature ejaculation focuses on
_______.
a. increasing the man’s awareness of the moment of ejaculatory inevitability
b. the use of sexual surrogates
c. the consistent use of the male-superior position for coitus
d. use of strategies that help distract the man from sexual sensations
Answer: A
61. Premature ejaculation is the ________ sexual complaint of men.

a. most common
b. least common
c. most misunderstood
d. least studied
Answer: A
61. Which of the following is a treatment for premature ejaculation?

a. SSRIs
b. cognitive behavioral therapy
c. communication enhancement
d. Viagra
Answer: A
175
62. Maria went to the doctor because she experiences pain in her vagina during sexual
intercourse. Her doctor most likely diagnosed her with _______.
a. dyspareunia
b. genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
d. female orgasmic disorder
Answer: B
63. The most common cause for vaginal pain is _______.

a. inadequate clitoral stimulation prior to intercourse
b. lack of adequate lubrication prior to and during intercourse
c. a small vaginal opening
d. deep and rapid thrusting of the penis during intercourse
Answer: B
64. Complete the following sentence. Sexual pain in men is _____________.

a. more common than sexual pain in women
b. less common and less well-researched than sexual pain in women
c. experienced only in men over 50 years old
d. the most frequently cited reason that men attend a doctor for sexual problems
Answer: B
176
64. Lucia went to the doctor because she experiences pain in her vagina just prior to
sexual intercourse. Her doctor most likely diagnosed her with _______.
a. dyspareunia
b. vaginismus
d. female orgasmic disorder
Answer: B
65. Which of the following is a known cause of sexual pain in men?

a. inflammation of the skin on the penis due to vigorous masturbation without lubricant
b. hormonal imbalances
c. using drugs during sex
d. eating spicy foods before sex
Answer: A
177
65. A cause of vaginismus is _______.
a. fear that penetration will be painful
b. a lack of lubrication of the vaginal walls
c. hormonal imbalances
d. a lack of sexual desire
Answer: A
ESSAY
66. Identify and explain the three-dimensional model of sexual problems. Using the
model, diagnose the following situation: a 35-year-old woman is unable to achieve
orgasm with her current partner; however, she has had orgasms with past partners.

Skill: Apply What You Know
Responses should consider:

The three-dimensional model of sexual problems is a method of classifying or diagnosing
sexual problems according to their duration, context, and frequency.
 Duration (primary or secondary): This refers to how long a person has been
experiencing the problem. A primary sexual problem is one that has always existed
in the person’s sexual life.
 A secondary problem is one that is occurring now but was not present at some point
in the person’s past sexual experiences.
 Context (global or situational): A global problem is one that occurs for an individual
or couple in virtually all settings. A situational problem is experienced in specific
settings, but is absent in other contexts.
 Frequency (total or partial): A total sexual problem is one that occurs invariably, that
is, every time, in a given setting. A problem defined as partial occurs often enough to
cause distress, but not on every occasion in that particular setting.
 The hypothetical woman described above is experiencing a secondary problem; she
was orgasmic in the past, and now she is not. Her problem could also be considered
situational if she was orgasmic in previous settings, but not with the current partner.
67. Identify and define the six factors that cause relationship problems. Explain how
these factors can contribute to sexual problems in a relationship.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill: Understand the Concepts
178
1. Loss of trust. Most couples need to trust that their partners are faithful, honest in
expressing feelings, will not inflict emotional or physical pain, and are not
withholding important information that might negatively affect the relationship.
Sexual problems such as desire disorders, arousal difficulties, among others, may
sometimes be linked to the lack or loss of trust in a relationship. When this basic
trust is lost, the overall relationship will suffer.
2. Poor communication. Effective communication is a cornerstone of a good
relationship, and good sexual communication is usually the foundation of a good
sexual relationship. The ability to express sexual feelings, sexual desires, or
insecurities about sex is crucial to establishing and maintaining a sexually
satisfying relationship.
3. Anger and resentment. Strong negative emotional reactions, especially anger and
resentment, work directly against sexual responding. If one is feeling angry or
resentful toward a partner, responding sexually is going to be problematic. One
barrier is the specific physiological responses of the autonomic nervous system,
which are incompatible with sexual arousal. The other is the psychological
distance and loss of desire for intimacy with the partner that accompanies the
anger.
4. Conflicting sexual expectations. When two people enter into a sexually intimate
relationship, they are sure to have some differing expectations about sex that will
have to be negotiated and reconciled. If differing expectations are not reconciled,
they can lead to a serious imbalance in the relationship and to potential sexual
problems. When both partners are willing and able to communicate and discuss
differences in expectations, chances are good that they can work them out.
5. Lack of respect. Lack of respect in an intimate relationship will invariably
undermine sexual feelings, desire and responses. Two related types of respect are
fundamental to successful and satisfying relationships: self-respect and mutual
respect. A lack of self-respect, and the low self-esteem that invariably
accompanies it, usually cause one or both partners to feel unworthy of
experiencing sexual pleasure and undeserving of sexual pleasure. Mutual respect
is equally important, in that each partner needs to feel that his/her wishes, ideas,
attitudes, desires, abilities, and unique characteristics as a person are honored and
valued by the other. When mutual respect is absent, the foundation for successful
and satisfying sexual interactions crumbles away.
6. Loss of love. In an intimate relationship, sexual satisfaction and functioning often
falter. Of all the factors in intimate relationships that can influence sexual
functioning, love is possibly the most important of all. Sex combined with love is
very different from sex without love. People make very clear distinctions between
making love and having sex.
68. Define sensate focus. Provide a step-by-step explanation as to how this method is
used as a therapeutic intervention.
179

Sensate focus is a sex therapy technique described by Masters and Johnson that requires a
couple to redirect emphasis away from intercourse and focus on their capacity for mutual
sensuality.
 A couple that is experiencing a sexual problem is instructed to find quiet, private time
together one or more times each week.
 During these sessions, they are to remove their clothing and spend time taking turns
touching and caressing each other, focusing on the pleasure they feel in touching and
being touched. They must not touch each other’s breasts or genital areas.
 Over the course of several weeks, the caressing is allowed to expand to include
nipples and genitals, but the goal continues to be sensual and pleasurable sensations,
not orgasm. Genital touching that may lead to orgasm is prohibited.
 Within a few weeks, the couple usually finds that with the pressures and expectations
of intercourse removed, the sexual, sensual, and romantic feelings and responses are
reawakened in them.
 As the process continues, they are allowed to touch each other to orgasm and
eventually to engage in intercourse once again.
 Couples feel emotionally closer, and sexual desire increases for couples whose desire
had been waning. Orgasm problems are often resolved.
69. Describe hypoactive sexual desire. Provide an explanation of its causes and two
treatment strategies.
Skill: Remember the Facts

Hypoactive sexual desire is a persistently low level or lack of sexual fantasies or desire
for sexual activity. It’s also known as inhibited sexual desire. This applies to individuals
or couples who do not think about sex very much, who do not feel desirous of sexual
activities very often, and who find this to be a problem in their lives and relationships.
 Causes
- For low desire that is primary, global, and total, underlying causes such as
hormonal imbalances or neurological pathology must be considered.
- For desire difficulties that are secondary, situational, and partial, nonphysical
factors such as psychological, relationship, or cultural must be considered.
- Among the most commonly suggested nonphysical causes are anxiety over
relationship and other sexual issues, depression, fear (of pregnancy, STIs, or
pain), and past sexual victimization.
 Treatment Strategies
- One treatment strategy is cognitive behavioral therapy, which is designed to:
180
1. assist an individual or couple in identifying and exploring irrational, fault,
and self-defeating beliefs and attitudes that underlie sexual difficulties
2. develop strategies to discard those ineffective cognitions and replace them
with new, more accurate, and more constructive thought processes
3. gradually eliminate undesirable behaviors that were based on the old ways
of thinking and replace them with new and effective actions stemming from
the new belief systems
- Another treatment strategy is sensate focus, as it can reduce anxiety about
intercourse and fears about performance, and may reawaken sensuality for the
couple and spark new feelings.
70. Define female orgasmic disorder. Provide an explanation of its causes. Explain how
sensate focus and masturbation exercises are used as a treatment for it.

Female orgasmic disorder is a sexual problem in which a woman rarely or never reaches
orgasm, or orgasms are delayed. It’s also known as inhibited female orgasm or
anorgasmia.
 Causes:
- Organic or psychological causes may include hormonal imbalances, use or
abuse of alcohol or other recreational drugs, or side effects of prescription
medications. Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant; moderate to heavy
amounts of alcohol interfere with the body’s ability to respond to sexual stimuli.
- One recent cause is side effects of the new class of prescription antidepressant
medications known as SSRIs. They are prescribed for depression and other
psychological difficulties. Most of these medications have been shown to
produce sexual side effects in some users, the most common of which is delayed
or inhibited orgasm in both men and women.
- As a treatment, sexual self-exploration through masturbation can be a powerful
tool for a woman to discover that she is capable of achieving orgasms and
where and how she needs to be touched to achieve them. Sometimes using a
vibrator along with masturbation can assist a woman who has never or rarely
experienced orgasm by providing maximum stimulation, leading to more
predictable orgasms.
- Once a woman is reasonably comfortable with her own body and her ability to
have orgasms, non-demanding sexual exercises, such as sensate focus, can
begin to include her partner. As part of their sensate focus program, Masters and
Johnson developed a specific position to allow the woman to guide her partner
in ways of touching and pleasuring that provide the sensations and stimulation
that are most effective for her. Not only does this exercise help inform her
partner about what feels best to her, but it also tends to enhance closeness and
communication in general. When the woman is comfortable with her ability to
181
have orgasms through sensate focus exercises, intercourse may be resumed. If
the goal for the couple is for both to reach orgasm during intercourse, this is
now usually accomplished through the addition of manual stimulation by either
partner to the clitoral area during penetration.
182

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Solution Manual for Human Sexuality 4th Edition

Question Remember the Understand the Apply What You

Historical Multiple Choice 1 2

pp. 219–220 Introduction to Chapter

2. Today’s treatments of sexual difficulties rely heavily on an interaction of _______

3. Most sexual problems are _______.

5. Which of the following sexual problems occurs in females?

8. According to a national survey conducted in the 1990s, approximately what percentage

9. According to a national survey conducted in the 1990s, which of the following

16. What effect does alcohol have on sexual functioning?

26. Which of the following researchers wrote Human Sexual Inadequacy?

33. Virtually all sex therapies involve _______.

38. Male erectile disorder was once referred to as _______.

39. Erectile problems ______ a man’s age.

42. Viagra is used as a treatment for _______.

43. Which of the following statements is true of erectile medications?

43. Which of the following is a treatment for male erectile disorder?

46. Zora has a persistent inability to attain an adequate lubrication-swelling response of

53. According to research, which of the following demographic categories appears to be

58. Which of the following is a possible cause for premature ejaculation?

61. Premature ejaculation is the ________ sexual complaint of men.

61. Which of the following is a treatment for premature ejaculation?

63. The most common cause for vaginal pain is _______.

64. Complete the following sentence. Sexual pain in men is _____________.

65. Which of the following is a known cause of sexual pain in men?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

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