In Conflict and Order Understanding Society 14th Edition Eitzen Test Bank Download

Eitzen, In Conflict and Order: Understanding Society, 14th Edition, Test Bank
In Conflict and Order Understanding Society 14th

Edition Eitzen Zinn Smith 9780133875829
Download full solution manual at:
https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-in-conflict-and-
order-understanding-society-14th-edition-eitzen-zinn-smith-
9780133875829/
Download full test bank at:

https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-in-conflict-and-order-
understanding-society-14th-edition-eitzen-zinn-smith-
9780133875829/
Chapter Seven: Social Stratification

Multiple Choice Questions
TB_Q7.1.1
All known societies have some system of _____, dividing groups according to rank, caste, or class.
a. social stratification
b. segregation
c. social organization
d. stratified organization
Answer: a. social stratification
Source ID: 1.0.1

Learning Objective: LO 7.l: Understand how your position in the system of stratification has affected your life chances.
Topic/Concept: Major Concepts of Stratification
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q7.1.2
What is the difference between social stratification and social differentiation?

a. Social differentiation involves grouping people by hierarchical rank.
b. Social stratification involves grouping people by hierarchical rank.
c. Social stratification involves categorizing people by attributes such as age or what they do for a living.
d. Social differentiation involves categorizing people as superior or inferior.
Answer: b. Social stratification involves grouping people by hierarchical rank.
Source ID: 1.0.2

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q7.1.3
Which term refers to the different opportunities someone has throughout life to experience the things that make life
enjoyable?
a. Hierarchy
b. Class system
c. Social stratification
d. Life chances
Answer: d. Life chances
Source ID: 1.0.3

TB_Q7.1.4
Which of the following is a cause of poverty at the nation level?

a. The poorest nations tend to be found in warm climates, where people move more slowly and are less able
to accomplish things that lead to wealth.
b. People in poorer nations are more concerned with spirituality than with material goods.
c. The poorest nations were once colonies of the richer nations, and this legacy of exploitation has left them
behind in terms of leadership and economy.
d. People in richer nations are more deserving because they work both harder and smarter.
Answer: c. The poorest nations were once colonies of the richer nations, and this legacy of exploitation has left
them behind in terms of leadership and economy.
Source ID: 1.0.4

TB_Q7.1.5
The caste system refers to the system in India

a. that determines a person’s social position for life based on their birth into a particular family.
b. by which people are approved for medical care for broken bones.
c. for choosing people to appear in Bollywood movies.
d. that promotes upward social mobility through education and hard work.
Answer: a. that determines a person’s social position for life based on their birth into a particular family.
Source ID: 1.0.5

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.1.6

In Conflict and Order, 14th edition
Which term refers to people who occupy the same relative economic rank in a society’s stratification system?
a. Social caste
b. Social class
c. Hierarchy
d. Life chance
Answer: b. Social class
Source ID: 1.0.6

TB_Q7.1.7
In American society, people are socially located in a class position on the basis of
a. the family into which they are born.
b. grades in high school and college.
c. income, occupation, and education.
d. innate physical superiority.
Answer: c. income, occupation, and education.
Source ID: 1.0.7

TB_Q7.1.8
Racial and ethnic _____ is a term that refers to systems of inequality in which some fixed group membership,
such as race, religion, or national origin, is a major criterion for ranking social positions and their differential
rewards.
a. prejudice
b. socialization
c. determinism
d. stratification
Answer: d. stratification
Source ID: 1.0.8

TB_Q7.1.9

_____ is socially defined on the basis of a presumed common genetic heritage resulting in distinguishing physical
characteristics.
a. Race
b. Ethnicity
c. Caste
d. Class
Answer: a. Race
Source ID: 1.0.9

TB_Q7.1.10
The term _____ refers to the condition of being culturally rather than physically distinctive.
a. race Labeling
b. ethnicity Conflict
c. caste Cultural tran
d. class Cultural depr
Answer: b. ethnicity
Source ID: 1.0.10

TB_Q7.1.11
Which of the following are the largest racial minority groups in the United States?
a. African Americans, Native Americans, and Latinos
b. Asian Americans, Middle Eastern Americans, Native Americans
c. African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans
d. Latinos, Chinese Americans, White Russians
Answer: c. African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans
Source ID: 1.0.11

TB_Q7.1.12
The _____ system combines biologically based sex roles with socially created gender roles.
a. sex roles placement
b. gender identity
c. gender placement
d. sex-gender
Answer: d. sex-gender
Source ID: 1.0.12


TB_Q7.1.13
When Gina wears high heels and puts on make up, she is exhibiting behavior associated with her _____, meaning
socially constructed behavior.
a. sex role
b. gender role
c. sex-gender system
d. biological imperative
Answer: b. gender role
Source ID: 1.0.13

Skill Level: Apply What You Know
TB_Q7.1.14
What is the difference between sex roles and gender roles?

a. Gender roles apply to women and sex roles apply to men.
b. Gender roles and sex roles are different terms for the same general concept.
c. Gender roles are biologically determined and sex roles are socially determined.
d. Sex roles are biologically determined and gender roles are socially determined.
Answer: d. Sex roles are biologically determined and gender roles are socially determined.
Source ID: 1.0.14

TB_Q7.1.15
Many feminists believe the United States is a(n) _____, meaning the nation is socially organized in a way that means
men are dominant over women.
a. patriarchy
b. matriarchy
c. oligarchy
d. meritocracy
Answer: a. patriarchy
Source ID: 1.0.15

TB_Q7.1.16

When Max tells his friends that only straight people are normal and all other orientations are deviants, his opinion is
based on the concept of
a. repressed homosexuality.
b. heteronormativity.
c. sex-gender systemization.
d. homosapiens.
Answer: b. heteronormativity.
Source ID: 1.0.16

TB_Q7.1.17
Patricia Hill Collins called the intersection of the heirarchical systems of inequality the
a. heirarchy of subordination.
b. hierarchical matrix.
c. matrix of domination.
d. matrix of subjegation.
Answer: c. matrix of domination.
Source ID: 1.0.17

Learning Objective: LO 7.2: Critique the deficiency theories of class stratification.
Topic/Concept: Explanations of Class Stratification: Deficiency Theories
TB_Q7.2.18
Which of the following was the 19th century British philosopher and sociologist who came to the United States
to promote the concept of social Darwinism?
a. Arthur Jensen
b. Charles Darwin
c. John Locke
d. Herbert Spencer
Answer: d. Herbert Spencer
Source ID: 1.0.18

TB_Q7.2.19
Social Darwinism continues to surface under different names, but the basic point of these theories is the same, that
a. the poor are poor because they are genetically inferior.
b. the poor are poor because they are culturally inferior.
c. when poor people rise from poverty, their genes improve to the same degree.
d. when middle-class or wealthy people lose their wealth, it is because they are genetically inferior.
Answer: a. the poor are poor because they are genetically inferior.

Source ID: 1.0.19

TB_Q7.2.20
The term meritocracy means those who_____ rise to the top of society.
a. receive the most votes in a democratic election
b. have the most ability, talent, and effort
c. have been able to acquire the greatest wealth
d. make the best moral and ethical decisions
Answer: b. have the most ability, talent, and effort
Source ID: 1.0.20

TB_Q7.2.21
Which of the following was the University of California educational psychologist who claimed in 1969 that
differences in IQ scores between Blacks and Whites are most likely genetic?
a. Herbert Spencer
b. Arthur Jensen
c. Richard Herrnstein
d. Charles Murray
Answer: b. Arthur Jensen
Source ID: 1.0.21

TB_Q7.2.22
Which theorist posited the formation of hereditary castes based on intelligence?

a. Herbert Spencer Conflict t
b. Arthur Jensen Labeling
c. Richard Herrnstein Order the
d. Charles Murray Social Da
Answer: c. Richard Herrnstein
Source ID: 1.0.22

TB_Q7.2.23

Charles Murray and Richard Herrnstein published The Bell Curve in 1994, which received a lot of attention for its
contention that economic and social hierarchies reflect a single dimension, that of
a. physical fitness, as measured by the President’s Fitness Test.
b. income and social status, as measured informally by such factors as country club membership.
c. intellectual ability, as measured by number of academic degrees.
d. cognitive ability as meansured by IQ tests.
Answer: d. cognitive ability as meansured by IQ tests.
Source ID: 1.0.23

TB_Q7.2.24
_____ status refers to the status of an individual that is assigned without reference to abilities or efforts but rather on
the basis of age, sex, race, ethnicity, and family background.
a. Ascribed
b. Justified
c. Assumed
d. Earned
Answer: a. Ascribed
Source ID: 1.0.24

TB_Q7.2.25
Social Darwinist theories like those of Jensen, Herrnstein, and Murray seem to provide a scientific justification
for racist beliefs by
a. attempting to invalidate the IQ test because it obviously discriminates against the poor.
b. validating the IQ test as a legitimate measure of intelligence.
c. giving credence or prominance to scientific inquiry.
d. rendering the cognitive elite useless and doomed to failure.
Answer: b. validating the IQ test as a legitimate measure of intelligence.
Source ID: 1.0.25

TB_Q7.2.26

The Abecedarian Project conducted at the University of North Carolina demonstrated that high-risk children at
a high-quality preschool
a. had raised scores on intelligence tests but that gain faded out by sixth grade.
b. had slightly fewer arrests and higher incidents of home ownership than the controls.
c. earned significantly higher scores on intellectual and academic measures as young adults.
d. showed no difference in short- or long-term achievement than students in a control group.
Answer: c. earned significantly higher scores on intellectual and academic measures as young adults.
Source ID: 1.0.26

Skill Level: Remember the F acts
TB_Q7.2.27
Where was the study held in which high-risk African American children were divided into two groups, with one
group receiving a high-quality active learning program and the other receiving no preschool education?
a. Tuskegee, Alabama
b. University of North Carolina
c. Abecedarian, New Mexico
d. Ypsilanti, Michigan
Answer: d. Ypsilanti, Michigan
Source ID: 1.0.27

TB_Q7.2.28
The _____ hypothesis maintains that the poor remain poor because of their values.
a. culture of poverty
b. value of poverty
c. poverty of values
d. poverty and culture
Answer: a. culture of poverty
Source ID: 1.0.28

TB_Q7.2.29

Which of the following was the advisor to Republican presidents who argued that poor people are focused on the
present and do not think about the future?
a. Herbert Spencer conflict p
b. Edward Banfield order per
c. Richard Herrnstein labeling p
d. Charles Murray differenti
Answer: b. Edward Banfield
Source ID: 1.0.29

TB_Q7.2.30
Judith Chafel reviewed studies about the beliefs of Americans regarding poverty and discovered that most Americans
believe that poverty is
a. inevitable, unnecessary, and unjust.
b. a result of societal bias and lack of opportunities.
c. inevitable, necessary, and just.
d. avoidable through social change.
Answer: c. inevitable, necessary, and just
Source ID: 1.0.30

TB_Q7.2.31
Critics of the culture of poverty hypothesis argue that the poor

a. retain the dominant values of society and that is why they can climb out of poverty.
b. do not retain the dominant values of society, instead they hold an alternative set of values.
c. do not retain the dominant values of society, instead they have a better set of values.
d. retain the dominant values of society while simultaneously holding an alternative set of values.
Answer: d. retain the dominant values of society while simultaneously holding an alternative set of values.
Source ID: 1.0.31

TB_Q7.2.32

The chapter suggests that the 2007–2009 recession may have what effect on people’s attitudes toward poverty?
a. As more and more people find themselves vulnerable in a struggling economy, individuals may be less likely
to blame the poor.
b. As more and more people find themselves vulnerable in a struggling economy, individuals may turn to
culture of poverty theories to explain their own situations.
c. Culture of poverty theories will be seen to be accurate despite previous opposition from sociologists and
anthropologists.
d. Culture of poverty theories will be the only possible basis for an economic recovery.
Answer: a. As more and more people find themselves vulnerable in a struggling economy, individuals may be
less likely to blame the poor.
Source ID: 1.0.32

TB_Q7.2.33
Lieutenant Governor Andre Bauer, who was running for governor of South Carolina in 2010, compared
government assistance to feeding stray animals, saying “They will reproduce.” This is an example of the _____
gap.
a. compassion
b. logic
c. intervention
d. ethnic
Answer: a. compassion
Source ID: 1.0.33

TB_Q7.2.34
Americans tend to blame poverty on the poor themselves, yet also think the
a. government spends too much on the poor.
b. government spends too little on the poor.
c. poor work too many jobs.
d. poor have no control over their situation.
Answer: b. the government spends too little on the poor.
Source ID: 1.0.34

TB_Q7.3.35

Whose book The Other America: Poverty in the United States was instrumental in sparking the federal government’s
war on poverty?
a. Herbert Spencer treating
b. Edward Banfield punishing
c. Michael Harrington segregati
d. Judith Chafel labeling
Answer: c. Michael Harrington
Source ID: 1.0.35

Learning Objective: LO 7.3: Critique the structural theories of class stratification.
Topic/Concept: Explanations of Class Stratification: Structural Theories
TB_Q7.3.36
_____ is when the customary ways of doing things, prevailing attitudes and expectations, and accepted
structural arrangements work to the disadvantage of the poor.
a. Systemic bias
b. Culture of poverty
c. Compassion gap
d. Institutional discrimination
Answer: d. Institutional discrimination
Source ID: 1.0.36

TB_Q7.3.37
Most good jobs require _____, which can be difficult for the poor to obtain.
a. a college degree
b. a culture of poverty
c. a high level of intelligence
d. industriousness and hard work
Answer: a. a college degree
Source ID: 1.0.37

TB_Q7.3.38

Martin has a minimum-wage job with no health benefits. He does not make enough money to pay for preventive
medical care or a healthy diet. When he misses work due to illness, his boss fires him. This is an example of
a. the culture of poverty.
b. a vicious cycle of poverty.
c. corporate crime.
d. what is wrong with Obamacare.
Answer: b. a vicious cycle of poverty
Source ID: 1.0.38

TB_Q7.3.39
Women typically receive lower pay and fewer opportunities for advancement when working in the same kind
of jobs as men. Another economic problem for women in the workplace is that they are likely to
a. have less education than men in comparable jobs.
b. have no way to defend themselves against sexual harassment.
c. work at less prestigious jobs than do men.
d. be accused of sexual harassment.
Answer: c. work at less prestigious jobs than do men.
Source ID: 1.0.39

TB_Q7.3.40
One consequence of the traditional organization of schools and jobs in the United States is that _____ are deprived of
equal opportunities for education, jobs, and income.
a. racial minorities
b. white men who were formerly privileged
c. white men, despite their privilege,
d. scholarship students
Answer: a. racial minorities
Source ID: 1.0.40

TB_Q7.3.41

The basic tenet of _____ is that who gets what is determined by private profit rather than by collective need.
a. socialism
b. capitalism
c. collectivism
d. sociology
Answer: b. capitalism
Source ID: 1.0.41

TB_Q7.3.42
In 2012 _____ people worked full-time in the United States but remained under the poverty level.
a. at least 5.2 million
b. up to1.6 million
c. more than 2.8 million
d. almost half a million
Answer: c. more than 2.8 million
Source ID: 1.0.42

TB_Q7.3.43
Because capitalism stresses the primacy of maximizing profits, it is in the interest of employers to
a. provide high-quality health care benefits.
b. provide stock options for employees.
c. hire the most qualified workers.
d. keep wages low.
Answer: d. keep wages low.
Source ID: 1.0.43

TB_Q7.3.44
Why is it advantageous to employers to have a large number of marginal people (uneducated and/or
undocumented) in the work force?
a. Because desperate people will work for very low wages, thus depressing wages for all workers
b. To have someone to blame for industrial accidents
c. To have someone to blame for unionization efforts, thus depressing interest in unions among more
educated workers
d. Because employers want the opportunity to improve society by raising people out of poverty
Answer: a. Because desperate people will work for very low wages, thus depressing wages for all workers
Source ID: 1.0.44


TB_Q7.3.45
The chapter asserts that the primacy of profits in capitalism means that employers make investment decisions
without regard for their employees. Which of the following does NOT represent that situation?
a. Employers purchase machines to replace workers on an assembly line.
b. Employers require workers to participate in on-the-job training.
c. Owners close a factory in the United States and move their operations overseas to a low-wage country.
d. Employers eliminate traditional pension plans in favor of employee-funded 401K retirement plans.
Answer: b. Employers require workers to participate in on-the-job training.
Source ID: 1.0.45

TB_Q7.3.46
Which movement used the slogan “We are the 99 percent”?

a. Civil Rights Movement
b. Labor Movement
c. Occupy Wall Street
d. Suffragist Movement
Answer: c. Occupy Wall Street
Source ID: 1.0.46

TB_Q7.3.47
Adherents of the _____ model of society believe that inequality is unavoidable and therefore must serve a
useful function in society.
a. economic
b. utility
c. conflict
d. order
Answer: d. order
Source ID: 1.0.47.

TB_Q7.3.48

The _____ perspective assumes that stratification reflects the distribution of power in society and is therefore a
major source of discord and coercion.
a. economic criticizing the p
b. utility identifying limi
c. conflict condemning the
d. order pointing out the
Answer: c. conflict
Source ID: 1.0.48

TB_Q7.3.49
_____ argued that the dominant ideology in any society is always the ideology of the ruling class.
a. Karl Marx the idea that the
b. Edward Banfield the emphasis on
c. Michael Harrington a focus on labe
d. Judith Chafel social myths ab
Answer: a. Karl Marx
Source ID: 1.0.49

TB_Q7.3.50
Conflict theory fails to address which important question?

a. Does social stratification result in an unequal distribution of rewards?
b. Does social stratification result in discord and coercion?
c. Is social stratification a source of societal friction?
d. Is social stratification universal and necessary?
Answer: d. Is social stratification universal and necessary?
Source ID: 1.0.50

Essay Questions
TB_Q7.1.51

Discuss the difference between social differentiation and social stratification, including the hierarchies of
stratification that determine place for indvidiuals, families, and groups within their society.
Feedback:Social differentiation is the process of categorizing people by age, height, occupation, or some other personal
attribute. Social stratification is the system of dividing individuals and groups in a vertical arrangement
(hierarchy) that differentiates them as superior or inferior. The hierarchies of stratification—class, race, gender,
and sexuality—place groups, families, and individuals in the larger society. The rewards and resources of society
are unequally distributed according to this placement. Most crucially, this social location determines for people
the chances for a longer, healthier, and more enjoyable life.
Source ID: 3.0.1

Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze it
TB_Q7.1.52
Discuss the caste system in India and compare it to the class system in the United States.
Feedback:In a caste system like India’s, social rank is determined by birth into a particular social group, which establishes
one’s social position, work, and range of marriage partners. In a social class system like the United States',
people are ranked on the basis of income, occupation, and education, or some combination of those things.
Position in a caste system is essentially fixed, while position in a social class system has room for mobility.
Source ID: 3.0.2

TB_Q7.2.53
Discuss the concept of the culture of poverty and critiques of that idea.
Feedback:Culture of poverty is the idea that the poor have a value system that keeps them and their children in poverty.
Believing that those values are transmitted from generation to generation, culture of poverty theorists say that
even if poverty were eliminated, the former poor would probably continue to prefer instant gratification, be
immoral by middle-class standards, and so on. From this view, the poor have a subculture with values that differ
radically from the values of the other social classes and this explains their poverty. Edward Banfield said the
poor focused only on the present and not on the future. Critics of the culture of poverty hypothesis argue that the
poor are an integral part of U.S. society; they do not abandon the dominant values of the society, but rather,
retain them while simultaneously holding an alternative set of values. This alternative set is a result of adaptation
to the conditions of poverty.
Source ID: 3.0.3

Difficulty Level:
Skill Level:
TB_Q7.2.54
Discuss institutional discrimination and ways it traps the poor in a cycle of poverty.
Feedback:Insitutional discrimination is when the customary ways of doing things, prevailing attitudes and expectations,
and accepted structural arrangements work to the disadvantage of the poor. Two ways institutional
discrimination trap the poor in a cycle of poverty are education and health. Poor children are not expected to do
well in school, and so are not given the resources to succeed in school or to attend college. Poor people have less
access to preventive and other health care, and frequently work in jobs without sick leave, so lose their jobs
when they miss work due to illness, leaving them with less money to maintain their health.

Source ID: 3.0.4
TB_Q7.3.55
Discuss the basic tenet of capitalism and how it affects the persistence of poverty.
Feedback:The basic tenet of capitalism is that who gets what is determined by private profit rather than by collective need. The
primacy of maximizing profit works to promote poverty in several ways. (1) Employers are constrained to pay their
workers the least possible in wages and benefits. (2) The primacy of profit induces poverty by maintaining a surplus of
laborers, because a surplus depresses wages. (3) The impact of the primacy of profits in capitalism is that employers
make investment decisions without regard for their employees (potential or actual).
Source ID: 3.0.5.


In Conflict and Order Understanding Society 14th Edition Eitzen Test Bank Download

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

In Conflict and Order Understanding Society 14th Edition Eitzen Test Bank Download

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Eitzen, In Conflict and Order: Understanding Society, 14th Edition, Test Bank

In Conflict and Order Understanding Society 14th

Download full test bank at:

Chapter Seven: Social Stratification

Answer: a. social stratification

Source ID: 1.0.1

What is the difference between social stratification and social differentiation?

Answer: b. Social stratification involves grouping people by hierarchical rank.

Source ID: 1.0.2

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Answer: d. Life chances

Source ID: 1.0.3

Which of the following is a cause of poverty at the nation level?

Source ID: 1.0.4

The caste system refers to the system in India

Source ID: 1.0.5

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Answer: b. Social class

Source ID: 1.0.6

Answer: c. income, occupation, and education.

Source ID: 1.0.7

Source ID: 1.0.8

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Source ID: 1.0.9

Source ID: 1.0.10

Answer: c. African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans

Source ID: 1.0.11

Source ID: 1.0.12

Topic/Concept: Major Concepts of Stratification

Answer: b. gender role

Source ID: 1.0.13

What is the difference between sex roles and gender roles?

Source ID: 1.0.14

Source ID: 1.0.15

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Source ID: 1.0.16

Answer: c. matrix of domination.

Source ID: 1.0.17

Answer: d. Herbert Spencer

Source ID: 1.0.18

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 6

Source ID: 1.0.19

Answer: b. have the most ability, talent, and effort

Source ID: 1.0.20

Answer: b. Arthur Jensen

Source ID: 1.0.21

Which theorist posited the formation of hereditary castes based on intelligence?

Answer: c. Richard Herrnstein

Source ID: 1.0.22

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7

Answer: d. cognitive ability as meansured by IQ tests.

Source ID: 1.0.23

Source ID: 1.0.24

Answer: b. validating the IQ test as a legitimate measure of intelligence.

Source ID: 1.0.25

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 8

Source ID: 1.0.26

Answer: d. Ypsilanti, Michigan

Source ID: 1.0.27

Answer: a. culture of poverty

Source ID: 1.0.28

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 9

Answer: b. Edward Banfield

Source ID: 1.0.29