Snake Plant (Dracaena Trifasciata)

As a Paper-Bag

A Science Investigatory Project intended to fulfill the requirements

for SCIENCE Research 10

ADRIAN PAUL D. ESPINA

LEANDRO WADE A. ARSOLON

REYMOND C. COCHESA

Calubian National High School,

Calubian, Leyte

2023
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTERS PAGES

PRELIMINARY PAGES

 TITLE ..……………………………………………………….. I

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................... II

 ABSTRACT .............................................................................. III

 CHAPTER I- INTRODUCTION

- Background of the Study ............................................................ 1-3

- Statement of the Problem ............................................................ 4

- Hypotheses .................................................................................. 4

- Theoretical Framework ............................................................... 4-5

- Significance of the Study ............................................................ 6

- Scope and Limitation of the Study .............................................. 6-7

- Definition of terms ...................................................................... 8

 CHAPTER II- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

- Related Literature ....................................................................... 9-11

 CHAPTER III- METHODOLOGY

- Research Subject ........................................................................ 12

- Research Locale ......................................................................... 12

- Research Design ........................................................................ 12

- Research Instrument .................................................................. 13

- Research Sample ....................................................................... 13

- General Procedure ..................................................................... 13-16

 CHAPTER IV- PRESENTATION,ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

OF DATA

- Presentation of Data ................................................................. 17-19

- Analysis and Interpretation of Data ......................................... 20-21

- Results ...................................................................................... 21

 CHAPTER V- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

- Summary of Findings ............................................................... 22

- Conclusion ................................................................................ 22

- Recommendation ...................................................................... 23

- References ................................................................................ 24-25

 LIST OF APPENDICES ....................................................... 26-28

List of Figures

Figure 1. Flowchart of General Procedure

List of Tables

Table 1. Shows the amount of each ingredients per set up

Table 2. Shows the overall rating for the quality of paper-bag

Table 3. Shows the overall rating for durability of paper-bag

Table 4. Shows the overall rating for roughness of paper-bag

Table 5. Shows the overall rating for smoothness of paper-bag

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their sincerest gratitude and appreciation to

the people who had been very instrumental in the accomplishment of this research

work:

Sir Ferdinand A. Abejar, Principal of Calubian National High School, for granting

the researchers the access to all necessary resources during the conduct of this study.

Mrs. Monaliza R. Delantar, their adviser for believing the capabilities of the

researchers and for her invaluable guidance, encouragement, suggestions, and

generous assistance throughout the preparation of this research paper.

Mrs. Lina Flor A. Arsolon, Mr. and Mrs. Espina and Mr. and Mrs. Cochesa for

their unconditional support for the completion of this study.

Mrs. Lina Flor A. Arsolon, Mr. and Mrs. Espina and Mr. and Mrs. Cochesa for

their prayers, endless love, constant encouragement and for being always with him

during the conduct of this study.

Additionally, we would like to express our gratitude to all of the participants for

donating their time and sharing their personal stories with us. This study would not

have been possible without their cooperation.

Above all, we give thanks to God for His unending favour, wisdom, and love as

well as for providing us with the courage, strength, and protection we need to go

about our daily lives.

Once again, we would like to once more extend our sincere gratitude to everyone

who has assisted us in finishing this research project successfully.

II
Abstract

Snake plants, also known as Dracaena trifasciata, are a popular indoor plant with
air-purifying qualities. This study explores the use of the snake plant as a sustainable
alternative to traditional paper bags by utilizing a chopping and boiling technique to
create paper from the plant's leaves. The leaves were collected from healthy plants
and chopped into small pieces before being boiled for several hours to break down the
cellulose fibers. The resulting pulp was then processed into paper bags using a
traditional papermaking technique.

The study analyzed the physical and mechanical properties of the snake plant
paper bags, including tensile strength, tear resistance, burst strength, and porosity. The
results showed that the paper bags had comparable properties to traditional paper bags
made from wood pulp, with good tensile and tear resistance indicating durability and
resistance to tearing. The burst strength was also high, suggesting the paper bags
could withstand pressure without breaking, while the porosity was low, indicating
good retention of contents and prevention of leaks.

Additionally, the study assessed the environmental impact of using snake plant
paper bags. The use of snake plants as a source of material for paper bags offers
several advantages, including reducing the need for wood pulp, which can contribute
to deforestation and habitat destruction. Moreover, snake plants are known for their
air-purifying qualities, making them a sustainable option for indoor air quality
improvement.

In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of the snake plant as a source of
material for paper bags using the chopping and boiling technique. The resulting paper
bags possess similar properties to traditional paper bags, while offering an
environmentally sustainable alternative to paper bags made from wood pulp. Further
research is needed to explore the commercial viability and potential for large-scale
production of snake plant paper bags using this technique.

III
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

It is stated that the production of plastics primarily involves the use of crude oil,

gas, or coal. Unfortunately, approximately 40% of all plastic products are discarded

after a single use. These discarded plastics can take up to 1000 years to decompose.

The disposal of plastics has negative effects on the environment, with larger items like

plastic bags and straws posing a significant risk to marine life by choking and starving

them. Meanwhile, microplastics, which are small fragments of plastic, can cause harm

to animals' liver, reproductive and gastrointestinal systems. Humans can also be

affected by plastic toxicity because of the consumption of fish and other animals that

may have ingested microplastics. Plastic particles have also been found in water,

honey, beer, and salt. Exposure to plastic toxicity in humans can cause hormonal

disruption and lead to adverse reproductive and birth outcomes. (Polka,2018)

It can be said that plastics have become ubiquitous in modern society. A

significant portion of everyday items such as furniture, clothing, electronics, and food

packaging are made of plastic, replacing natural materials like paper, glass, and cotton

in manufacturing. The overuse of plastics has caused severe pollution of the

environment, and it is a well-known fact. However, it should be noted that plastics are

not solely an environmental problem.. (Vethaak,2021)

Chemicals are added to plastics to give them particular characteristics such as

plasticity, colour, malleability, durability, or the hardness that some products need.

1
However, some groups of these chemicals have been identified to be hazardous for

human health, as they for example have been suspected for disrupting our hormone-

system. It is well known as endocrine disrupting chemical(EDC),is bisphenol A

(BPA),which is used mostly in polycarbonate bottles, plastics containers, can food

liners and more. Mostly foetuses and children are the ones considered particularly at

risk as hormones play a key role. (Vandenberg,2021)

Plastics have become an essential material in modern civilization and are widely

used in our daily lives. While they offer various benefits, many plastic products pose a

risk to human health and the environment. Plastics contain hazardous chemicals like

Bisphenol A (BPA), thalates, antiminitroxide, brominated flame retardants, and poly-

fluorinated chemicals, which can be harmful to human health and the environment.

Exposure to toxic plastics can lead to several health problems such as irritation in the

eye, vision failure, breathing difficulties, respiratory problems, liver dysfunction,

cancers, skin diseases, lung problems, headache, dizziness, and birth defects, as well

as reproductive, cardiovascular, genotoxic, and gastrointestinal issues. Plastics also

cause serious environmental pollution, including soil, water, and air pollution. The

implementation of proper regulations and guidelines for the production and use of

plastics can help mitigate the toxic effects of plastics on human health and the

environment. (Proshad et al., 2018)

The issue of plastic pollution has become a serious problem worldwide. Since

1950, over 9.2 billion tons of plastic have been produced, which is equivalent to more

than one ton for every individual living on the planet. Plastic pollution has become

ubiquitous and can now be found in every corner of the world, including in our own

bodies, as we consume thousands of tiny plastic fragments each year. (Biegner 2022)

2
 According to expert research, Dracaena Trifasciata has been approved by NASA

as an effective air purifier. NASA studies have consistently shown that this plant is

capable of removing harmful toxins such as formaldehyde, xylene, toluene, and

nitrogen oxides from the air. This makes it particularly useful in environments where

these chemicals are present, such as automotive plants and shops, aircraft plants,

plywood factories, carpeting and paint manufacturers, printing and office spaces.

NASA's research was conducted to determine how to maintain clean air in space

stations, and recommends having at least 15 to 18 medium-to-large size plants for a

1,800 square-foot home.

The retting techniques are divided into two types: stagnant water retting and

chemical retting methods. In stagnant water retting method, the D. trifasciata leaf is

pounded and made into bundles and then soaked in stagnant water by placing stones

over it to keep the whole leaf submerged in water for three weeks (Asaye, 2019) or 30

days (Thanesh et al., 2017). Finally, the submerged leaf is removed from the stagnant

water, washed and dried in the sun for a period of 5 to 7 h.

In chemical retting method, the D. trifasciata leaf is mercerised with 5 % alkaline

solution of NaOH in 25:1 solution to leaf ratio at a temperature of 708C for 60 min

according to Asaye (2019). The extracted fibre from the leaf is washed with distilled

water to remove excess NaOH solution from the fibre and then dried in the sun. In a

study conducted by Apang et al. (2018), 10 g of D. trifasciata fibre was mercerized

with 3% NaOH solution in 100:1 solution to leaf ratio at 1008C for a period of 2

hours.

3
Statement of the problem

The problem to be investigated is whether Snake Plant-based paper-bags are

a viable alternative to traditional paper-bags, in terms of their quality, texture,

and feasibility for mass production and distribution.

Specifically, it attempts to answer the following questions:

1. What is the difference, if any, between the quality, texture, and

feasibility of Snake Plant-based paper-bags and commercialized

plastic-bags?

2. How does the quality, texture, and feasibility of Snake Plant-based

paper-bags compare to commercialized plastic-bags?

Hypothesis

H0. There is no noticeable difference in the quality, texture, and feasibility of

Snake Plant-based paper-bags compared to traditional paper-bags.

H1. Snake Plant-based paper-bags are a more effective, sustainable, and

feasible alternative to traditional paper-bags.

Framework of the Study

The utilization of reasonable materials in packaging has become progressively

significant because of the adverse consequence of plastic on the climate. While paper

bags have emerged as an eco-friendly alternative to plastic bags, the production

process itself can have a significant environmental impact. In this specific situation,

investigating the likely utilization of elective materials for paper pack creation can be

4
a promising arrangement. The common indoor plant Dracaena trifasciata, which is

known for its ability to purify the air, is one such alternative material. The plant has

sturdy, long leaves that can be used to make paper products. The goal of this study is

to see if leaves from the snake plant could be used as a raw material for making paper

bags. The idea of sustainable development serves as the foundation for this study's

theoretical framework. The goal of sustainable development is to meet the needs of

the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to do

so. The circular economy, which aims to establish a closed-loop system in which

resources are utilized sustainably and waste is minimized, serves as the foundation for

the research. The literature on sustainable packaging, the production of paper bags,

and the use of alternative materials for paper production is used in the study. In

addition, it investigates the characteristics of snake plant leaves and their suitability

for the production of paper bags. The study investigates the mechanical, physical, and

chemical properties of the paper bags made from the leaves of the snake plant using a

combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The hypothetical

structure additionally consolidates the standards of life cycle appraisal (LCA) to

assess the ecological effect of the paper sacks delivered from snake plant leaves. The

LCA framework evaluates the impact on the environment in terms of energy

consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and resource depletion throughout the

product's life cycle, from the extraction of the raw materials to their disposal. The

principles of sustainability, the circular economy, and life cycle assessment constitute

the overall foundation of the theoretical framework for this study. The purpose of the

study is to determine whether or not the leaves of the snake plant can be used as a raw

material for the production of paper bags and to assess the impact these bags will have

on the environment.

5
Significance of the study

This study will contribute to the following:

 Community- Lessen the burden of plastic pollution.

 School- To expand the knowledge and ideas about the importance

of using dracaena trifasciata as paper bag in solving plastic

pollution.

 Researchers- To be able to expand the ideas on making paper-

bag made out of dracaena trifascata.

 Future researchers- To be able to gather future more ideas about

making a paper-bag made out of dracaena trifasciata related to

this study.

 Society- Helps the society in its garbage pollution.

 Environmental Sustainability- It will provide an alternative and

more environmental-friendly choice to be chosen which can help

mitigate the effects of garbage pollution.

The Snake Plant is a perennial plant that is commonly found in tropical regions,

and it is known for its hardiness and ability to survive in various conditions. This

makes it an excellent candidate for a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to

traditional paper-bag materials.

Using Snake Plant as a paper-bag material has several benefits, including reducing

the need for deforestation and reducing the amount of waste produced from traditional

paper bags. Additionally, Snake Plant has natural antibacterial properties, which can

help keep the contents of the bag fresher for longer periods.

6
 Furthermore, the study on Snake Plant as a paper-bag material can also shed light

on the potential for using other plant species as sustainable alternatives to traditional

materials. This can help promote more sustainable practices in various industries and

reduce the impact on the environment.

Overall, the study on Snake Plant as a paper-bag material is significant because it

can help promote sustainable practices, reduce waste and deforestation, and offer a

more eco-friendly solution to traditional paper-bag materials.

Scope and limitation of the study

The topic of this research is ―ways or methods of snake plants turning into paper-

bag-eco bag. This study started August 26, 2022 and ended on the 7th of October,

2022.The researchers conducted this study to try, test and prove their hypothesis.

This study is narrowed to the investigation of snake plant as an alternative material

for the commercial plastic. The researchers chose this study to see if the Dracaena

Trifasciata would be feasible enough to be turned into paper-bag. Through this

experimentation the researchers would be able to gather enough data on how snake

plant (Dracaena Trifasciata) would be feasible, replicable, usable and useful and to

further understand the properties that this plant exhibits. The study is limited to only

11 respondents specifically students and the data gathering was conducted at Calubian

National High School (CNHS).

7
Definitions of terms

 Snake Plant (Dracaena Trifasciata)- This plant is a tough succulent that has

the ability to grow to various lengths, ranging from 6 inches up to several feet,

and still survive and thrive in various conditions.

 Corn starch- This substance, also known as corn flour, is a type of

carbohydrate that is extracted from the endosperm of corn. It is a fine, white

powder that has a variety of uses in the culinary, household, and industrial

fields.

 Paper bag- A bag made out of materials mostly paper but in this study it is

made out of snake plant

 Plastic pollution- Accumulation in the environment of synthetic plastic

products to the point that they create problems for wildlife and their habitats as

well as for human populations.

 Ingredient- The component that are combined to make the paper-bag.

 Feasibility- The quality or state of being simple or convenient to do.

 Fiber - Fibers in plants are elongated cells with thick walls that gradually

taper towards the ends. These walls are commonly composed of lignin and

cellulose. Once mature, fibers are no longer alive and serve primarily as

structural support within the stems and roots of the plant.

 Eco-Friendly - Eco-friendly products are designed to reduce waste, energy

consumption, and pollution during production, use, and disposal. Examples of

eco-friendly practices include recycling, using renewable energy sources,

conserving water, reducing carbon emissions, and avoiding the use of harmful

chemicals.

8
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits, and uses

of Dracaena Trifasciata as a paper-bag. Using Dracaena Trifasciata as a paper-bag

and its overall uses were evident through the related studies.

According to the NASA Clean Air Study, D. Trifasciata has the ability to

purify the air by eliminating 4 of the 5 major poisons namely benzene,

formaldehyde, xylene, carbon monoxide, and toluene. Widely used as an

ornamental in temperate and tropical climates indoors and outdoors in pots and

garden beds.

From the National Geographic Society (2022), paper bags have some

advantages over plastic bags when it comes to sustainability. They are easier to

recycle, and, because they are biodegradable, they can be used for purposes like

composting.

As stated from Wikipedia (2023), Dracaena Trifasciata is commonly called

"mother-in-law's tongue", "Saint George's sword" or "snake plant", because of the

shape and sharp margins of its leaves that resemble snakes. It is also known as the

"viper's bowstring hemp", because it is one of the sources for plant fibers used to

make bowstrings.

String, carpets, and other items are made from a fiber produced from the leaves

of D. Trifasciata. (Arthur, 2000)

9
 D. Trifasciata as a plant grows favourably all over the world because of its

ability to grow in full sun or light shade but thrives well in moist, fertile soil with

a high organic matter content and minimum care. (Appell, 2001)

The white strong elastic fibre obtained from D. Trifasciata is widely used in the

production of rope, clothing, fishing lines, bowstring, fine matting and cordage

because of its high specific strength and hence it can serve as a substitute to

varieties of synthetic fibres. (Sathishkumar, 2016).

―Dracaena Trifasciata fiber is one such lignocellulosic fiber that has likelihood

for use in textile industry. It can be extracted from the leaves of Dracaena

Trifasciata Plant by various methods, namely decortication, water retting,

chemical retting dew retting and etc‖. (Alagh, 2015)

According to M. Kanimozhi (2011), there are more than twelve types of

Dracaena (snake plant) species present in different continents worldwide. The

common species are Sansevieria cylindrical and Dracaena trifasciata. Has stiff

sword-shaped leaves that are banded yellow on either side with a deep green,

lightly banded center. Range between 70–90cm (28–35 inch) long and 5–6cm

(2.0–2.4 inch) wide.

According to Pihlava cellulose is the main strength delivering component that

can be used for paper production it is a long linear polymer and has a strong

tendency for intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. It also confirmed that

occurrence of cellulose, lignin and polysaccharides is needed as a component for

paper production which can be found at many plants including Dracaena

Trifasciata. (IJSRP, 2011).

10
 Following the war, new technologies arose to create synthetic fibers such as

rayon and nylon and the large-scale production of D. Trifasciata diminished. D.

Trifasciata is, however, still used by many indigenous groups around the world

and it remains a well-loved plant in the United States. (Henley, 1982)

11
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Subject

The subject of this study is the snake plant (Dracaena Trifasciata), its

feasibility on being a suitable alternative paper-bag and the chemical components

to be found in the plant responsible for fiber production.

Research Locale

The locale of this study will be conducted at Calubian National High School

(CNHS), Calubian, Leyte specifically at Science Laboratory administered by an

advisor. Conducting of the experimentation will take place at CNHS while the

making of research chapters will be done at Toctoc Leyte, Leyte.

Research Design

Qualitative approach would be used on this study. This study aims to determine

the feasibility of snake plant (Dracaena Trifasciata), on how it would be an

effective alternative paper-bag for the commercial plastic. Thus the researchers

will utilize the experimental research design to seek the answers needed for the

study.

12
Research Instrument

Simple Random Sampling fish bowl technique where all respondents have an

equal chance of getting picked because of what the process undergoes was used

by the researchers and was administered also by a survey questionnaire in order to

gather the necessary information or data needed by the researchers.

Research Sample

The selected sample population of the whole STE building (Grade 7, 8, and 9)

with the exception of the 10 th for which they are the researchers themselves was

chosen to be the respondent for this study administered by the researchers, a total

of 110 Respondents where only 10% would be the chosen ones to answer the

survey questionnaire given by the researchers.

General Procedure

I. Collection and Preparation of Materials

 Snake Plant (Dracaena Trifasciata)

 Corn Starch

 Water

TOOLS

 Casserole

 Chopping Board

 Knife

 Ladle

13
  Dry and Liquid Measuring Cup

 Weighing Scale

 Beaker

 Stove

 Blender

 Silk Screen or Mesh Screen Outdoor

II. Turning Dracaena Trifasciata as a paper-bag process

Gathering the ingredients necessary for the experimentation requires no special

consent or permission to be able to gather it, therefore time and money are the

only things that the researchers would need to conduct this study.

1. Ingredients such as Snake Plant (Dracaena Trifasciata), Corn Starch, and

water are gathered, together with the necessary tools namely, a casserole,

dry and liquid measuring cup, chopping board, knife, weighing scale,

beaker, ladle, stove, blender, and a silk screen or a mesh screen outdoor.

2. After all the necessary ingredients and tools are gathered each one of the

researchers starts to chop down the snake plant into a square inch size to

be weight and scaled into a specific kilograms that the researchers would

need for the process.

3. The beaker was used as a container for the snake plant to be weighed and

scaled.

14
4. After the desired amount snake plants were weighted and scaled the

researchers then put the chopped snake plants into a casserole together

with a desired amount of water and corn starch by the researchers.

5. The researchers then proceed to the boiling area where the stove is located

and proceed to boil it for a certain amount of time set by the researchers.

6. After it is done boiling the researchers then puts out the fire and give it an

amount of time to cool off.

7. When it is done cooling off the researchers then proceed to blend it for a

certain amount of time to obtain the desired consistency.

8. When the blending phase or process is done it proceeds to the third last

stage which is to put it on a silk screen or mesh screen outdoor to be able

to dry up directly under the sun for a couple of days.

9. After it is done drying up the researchers then takes it out from the silk

screen or mesh screen outdoor to be stitched up and be a complete suitable

alternative paper-bag.

15
 Gathering
Ingredients
Preparation of
Ingredients
Chopping of Snake
Plants
Boiling of Snake
Plants
Cooling of Snake
Plants
Blending of Snake
Plants
Drying of Snake
Plants
Stitching up the
product

FIGURE 1. Flowchart of General Procedure

FIGURE 1. Shows the General Procedure of the experimentation conducted.

16
 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Presentation of Data

Table 1. Shows the amount of each ingredients per set

Set up A

Snake Plant Corn Starch Water Boiling Blending Drying

(grams) (grams) (minutes) (minutes) (hours)

1,000 127 2 Liters 60 2 48

Set up B

Snake Plant Corn Starch Water Boiling Blending Drying

(grams) (grams) (minutes) (minutes) (hours)

1,000 183 1.5 Liters 80 2 60

Set up C

Snake Plant Corn Starch Water Boiling Blending Drying

(grams) (grams) (minutes) (minutes) (hours)

1,000 245 2.5 Liters 120 3 24

17
Table 2. Shows the overall rating for the quality of paper-bag

QUALITY TESTING

Legend: 1-4 – Bad Quality, 5-8 – Good Quality, 9-11 – Very Good Quality

Set Ups 1-4 5-8 9-11

A X

B X

C X

Table 3. Shows the overall rating for the durability of paper-bag

DURABILITY TESTING

Legend: 1-4 – Bad Durability, 5-8 – Good Durability, 9-11 – Very Good

Durability

Set Ups 1-4 5-8 9-11

A X

B X

C X

18
 Table 4. Shows the overall rating for roughness of paper-bag

ROUGHNESS TESTING

Legend: 1-4 – Bad Roughness, 5-8 – Good Roughness, 9-11 – Very Good

Roughness

Set Ups 1-4 5-8 9-11

A X

B X

C X

Table 5. Shows the overall rating for smoothness of paper-bag

SMOOTHNESS TESTING

Legend: 1-4 – Bad Smoothness, 5-8 – Good Smoothness, 9-11 – Very Good

Smoothness

Set Ups 1-4 5-8 9-11

A X

B X

C X

19
Analysis and Interpretation of Data

As shown in Table 1, the table contains different amounts of each ingredients

present for each sets which does not have the same measurements. 3 set ups are

available in the table shown above where the 3 set ups have the same amount of

snake plant which is 1,000 grams or 1 kilogram. In terms of amount of corn starch

for each set, the 3 set ups are completely different from each other whereas set up

A have 127 grams of corn starch, set up B have 183 grams of corn starch, and set

up C have 245 grams of corn starch. Set up 1, 2, and 3 have different amounts of

water provided in the table where set up A have 2 Liters of water, 1.5 Liters of

water for set up B, and 2.5 Liters of water for set up C. The 3 set ups have

different boiling time which set up A have 60 minutes of boiling time, 80 minutes

of boiling time for set up B, and 120 minutes of boiling time for set up C. The 2

set ups have the same blending time namely set ups A and B which have 2

minutes of blending time, which makes the 3rd set up different because it has 3

minutes of blending time. Drying time for the 3 set ups are different where set up

A have 48 hours of drying time, 60 hours of drying time for set up B, and 24 hours

of drying time for set up C.

Table 2 shows that in terms of quality set up B takes most of the rating from

the 11 respondents which results to 7, while set up A have 3 respondents to agree

with and 1 respondent for set up C.

Table 3 depicts that both set up A and B have the same rating which is 5 votes

from the respondents when it comes to the paper-bags durability and 1 respondent

to agree with for the set C.

20
 In table 4 it shows that Set up B takes up 8 votes from the respondents leaving

2 votes for set up A and 1 vote for set up C.

Table 5 shows that set up B have the most vote from the respondent which is 8

while 1 for each set up A and C.

Results

Through this study it is evident enough that Snake Plant (Dracaena Trifasciata)

was feasible for an alternative Paper-bag which was proven by the

experimentation done by the researchers.

The results of the experiment showed that the Snake Plant paper bags were

able to hold items and withstand a certain amount of weight. The quality of the

paper-bag also met some of the expectations of the respondents or consumers that

were able to be a part of the experimentation.

21
CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This study presents the summary of findings, conclusions and

recommendations based on the data gathered. Using the conclusions and

generalizations attained through careful observations.

Summary of Findings

This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of Snake Plant (Dracaena

Trifasciata) as a paper-bag. From the data gathered from the experimentation, it

was proven that Dracaena Trifasciata is feasible enough to be an alternative paper-

bag.

Conclusion

The product was successfully made and proven. The purpose of this data is to

determine and observe the feasibility of the study conducted which was proven

and evident by the said study. The product’s ingredient can be easily found and

can be easily made at home. The product can be an effective alternative for the

plastic bag present globally which was a contemporary issue.

22
Recommendation

1. Expand the range and production of the study to be more effective at trying

different amounts of ingredients to be experimented.

2. Study thoroughly the plants properties first before conducting the said

experiment for a better and more efficient experimentation

3. Have more researchers to be able to conduct the experiment more efficiently.

4. Conduct a similar study but next time compare a lot of plants which also can

be made into a paper-bag in order to have a better results and more concise

difference between them.

23
References

 Polka, 2018. The Problems with Plastics,

https://www.publichealthpost.org/research/problems-with-plastics/

 Vethaak, 2021. PLASTIC POLLUTION IS A HUMAN HEALTH ISSUE,

https://www.plastichealthcoalition.org

 Vandenberg, 2021. CHEMICAL ADDITIVES,

 https://www.plastichealthcoalition.org/chemical-additives/

 Proshad, Islam, Haque, Rahman, Mithu, Kormoker, 2018. Toxic effects of

plastic on human health and environment : A consequences of health risk

assessment in Bangladesh,

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321906991_Toxic_effects_of_plasti

c_on_human_h

ealth_and_environment_A_consequences_of_health_risk_assessment_in_Ban

gladesh

 Biegner, 2019. Frack, consume, recycle: The ugly truth behind Big Oil’s push

for plastics, https://www.globalwitness.org/en/blog/frack-consume-recycle/

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List of Appendices

Date:_______________

I, _________________________, am the legal parent of

______________________. I hereby acknowledge that I have given my
permission and consent for my son/daughter to be one of the respondents
regarding on the survey of the researchers named Adrian Paul D. Espina,
Leandro Wade A. Arsolon, and Reymond C. Cochesa for their research study.
Any questions regarding on this consent can be addressed to me through my
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_________________________ Signature over printed name

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