ECONOMICS ASSIGMENT

PREPARED BY: AREEBA AHMED

ROLL NO: 22F-BSAI-03

COURSE: INTRO. TO ECONOMICS

SUBMITTED TO: SIR SOHAIL

SUBMITTED ON: 17 JUNE 2023

Q: Why is Apple so successful and Blackberry got rolled out although they were operating in the same
market?

Apple and BlackBerry were once the two most popular smartphone brands in the world. However, in
recent years, Apple has become increasingly dominant, while BlackBerry has seen its market share
decline. The success of Apple and the decline of BlackBerry can be attributed to several factors, including
strategic decisions, product innovation, and market dynamics.

Here are some key reasons:

Software:

Apple's iOS operating system is also much more user-friendly than BlackBerry's BlackBerry OS. iOS is
based on the macOS operating system, which is used on Apple's computers. This means that iOS users
are already familiar with the interface and the apps. BlackBerry OS, on the other hand, is a proprietary
operating system that is not based on any other platform. This makes it more difficult to learn and use.

Apple's ecosystem:

Apple has built a strong ecosystem around its products. This includes the App Store, iTunes, and iCloud.
The App Store is the largest app store in the world, and it has over 2 million apps available. iTunes is a
digital media player and software application that allows users to purchase and play music, movies, and
TV shows. iCloud is a cloud storage service that allows users to store their files and data online.
BlackBerry does not have a similar ecosystem, which makes it more difficult for users to get the most out
of their phones.

Strategic Decisions:

Apple made strategic decisions that positioned it for success, such as entering the music market with the
iPod and iTunes, which laid the foundation for the ecosystem that later expanded to include the iPhone,
App Store, and other devices and services. In contrast, BlackBerry focused primarily on its core business
of providing secure communication for enterprises, which limited its ability to adapt to changing
consumer preferences.

Market Dynamics:

The competitive landscape of the smartphone market also played a role in the divergent outcomes of
Apple and BlackBerry. Apple entered the market at a time when consumer demand for touchscreen
smartphones with advanced features was on the rise. BlackBerry, while initially popular, faced intense
competition as other companies introduced smartphones that offered similar functionality with more
modern designs.

BlackBerry's Missteps:

BlackBerry made a number of missteps that contributed to its decline. In 2008, the company released
the BlackBerry Storm, which was a major flop. The Storm had a touch screen, but it was slow and
unresponsive. BlackBerry also failed to keep up with the latest trends in smartphone technology. For
example, the company was slow to adopt 4G LTE.
It's important to note that these factors represent a broad overview, and there may be other factors that
influenced the success of Apple and the decline of BlackBerry. As a result of these factors, Apple has
become the dominant player in the smartphone market. BlackBerry is still a viable company, but it is no
longer the powerhouse that it once was.

Q.:) Why the development of 3G 4G services launch 5 years later in Pakistan ? Give reason

Ans.:) There are many reasons why the development and launch of 3G and 4G services in Pakistan took 5
years longer than in other countries. These include:

Lack of investment: The telecom industry in Pakistan has historically been underinvested, due to a
number of factors, including political instability, security concerns, and a lack of regulatory certainty. This
made it difficult for telecom operators to raise the necessary capital to invest in 3G and 4G networks. In
2010, the telecom industry in Pakistan was worth $2.5 billion. By 2015, it had grown to $4.5 billion.
However, this growth was largely driven by the expansion of 2G networks. The investment in 3G and 4G
networks was much slower, due to the lack of capital and the regulatory challenges mentioned above.

Government bureaucracy:  The Pakistani government has a reputation for being slow and bureaucratic.
This is due to a number of factors, including a complex legal system, a lack of transparency, and
corruption. The telecom industry is no exception. In order to launch 3G and 4G services, telecom
operators had to obtain a number of licenses and approvals from the government. This process was
often lengthy and challenging.

Technical challenges:  Pakistan is a large and mountainous country. This made it challenging to build and
deploy 3G and 4G networks. The country also has a large rural population, which made it difficult to
provide 3G and 4G coverage to remote areas. The telecom operators had to overcome a number of
technical challenges in order to provide 3G and 4G services to Pakistan.

Limited demand: The introduction of 3G and 4G services requires a certain level of market demand and
consumer readiness. The demand for 3G and 4G services was initially limited in Pakistan. This was due to
the fact that many people in Pakistan could not afford to pay for 3G and 4G services, and the country's
infrastructure was not yet ready to support 3G and 4G services.

Financial Constraints: The cost of deploying 3G and 4G networks is significantly higher than the cost of
deploying 2G networks. The deployment of 3G and 4G networks involves significant financial
investments by both the government and private telecommunication companies. The availability of
funds and the financial viability of such investments can influence the timing of the launch. Economic
conditions and financial constraints can impact the ability of companies to invest in infrastructure
development.

In recent years, the Pakistani government has taken steps to address some of these challenges, such as
streamlining the licensing process and investing in rural broadband infrastructure. As a result, the
telecom industry in Pakistan is now growing rapidly, and 3G and 4G services are now available in most
parts of the country. The launch of 3G and 4G services is a major milestone for Pakistan. It has the
potential to transform the country and improve the lives of millions of people.
Q : Services like Wi-Tribe rolled out of the Pakistani market. Find more services that rolled out and
find the reason why?

Wi-tribe and other comparable services entering the Pakistani market can be ascribed to a number of
things, including as financial difficulties, rivalry, legal problems, and changing market dynamics. Here are
some major causes of their departure:

The reasons for these services rolling out of the Pakistani market can vary. Some possible factors that
may contribute to such decisions include:

1. Financial Sustainability: Service providers may face financial difficulties in sustaining their operations
due to factors such as high infrastructure costs, intense competition, or an inadequate customer base. If
a service provider struggles to generate sufficient revenue to cover its expenses, it may decide to roll out
of the market.

2. Market Dynamics: The telecommunications industry is highly competitive, and service providers need
to adapt to changing market dynamics to stay relevant. If a company fails to respond effectively to
evolving customer demands, technological advancements, or regulatory changes, it may face challenges
in maintaining its market position.

3. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory framework in a country can impact the viability and
profitability of service providers. If the regulatory environment becomes unfavorable, such as through
changes in licensing requirements, spectrum allocation, or pricing regulations, companies may find it
challenging to continue their operations.

4. Strategic Business Decisions: Companies may make strategic decisions to focus on specific segments
of the market or shift their business priorities. As a result, they may choose to roll out certain services or
exit specific markets to allocate resources more effectively.

To provide you with additional information, here are a few other services that have rolled out of the
Pakistani market in the past:

1. Warid Telecom: Warid Telecom was a mobile network operator in Pakistan that was acquired by Jazz
(formerly known as Mobilink) in 2016.

2. Qubee: Qubee was a wireless broadband internet service provider in Pakistan. It started its operations
in 2009 but eventually faced financial difficulties.

3. Uber: Uber has been operating in Pakistan since 2016, but it suspended its services in 2020 due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. The company has not yet announced when it will resume operations in Pakistan.

4. Careem: Careem, a ride-hailing company that was acquired by Uber in 2019, also suspended its
operations in Pakistan in 2020. The company has not yet announced when it will resume operations in
Pakistan.

It is important to note that not all services that have rolled out of the Pakistani market have done so due
to these reasons. Some companies have decided to leave the market for other reasons, such as a change
in strategy or a merger or acquisition.