A MERI C A N S L A VERY

AS IT IS

I E S T I M O N Y

A w on SAN D WIT N E S S E S
-

B e h ol d wi c ked abo m i n atio n s th at th ey do E" Ezg m s n viii 9

th e -
,
. .

T he rig-n eo n s c on swn n s ra th e c a u se o f the poor ; b u t the W i c ked regardeth n ot to k n ow"ii "—P aov 129
'
. .
,

T rue h u m an ity c o n sists n ot in a squ m m sn EAR b u t in l i ste n in g to th e sto ry o f h u m an su ff erin g an d e n d ea

"

vorin g to relieve it ” C H A RLES J A M ES F ox

,

-
. .

N E W Y O R K

P UB LIS HED B Y T H E A MERIC A N A N T I S LAVE RY S O C IET Y, -

O F FI C E, N o 1 43
. NA SS AU ST RE ET .

1 8 3 9 .
 DV E R T I S E M E N T
'

A T O T HE REA DE R .

A MAJ O R I T Y of fa c ts a n d t e sti m o ny c on tai ne d i n t h is work r e sts up o n the a uthority of

the

S L Av mmL DER s W h os e n a m e s a n d r e si d e
, nc e s are giv en to the p ub l i c as vo uc h e rs for the tr u t h of
,

t h e ir stat em en ts T h at th e y s h oul d u tt e r fa l s e h ood s for the sak e of p ro cl ai m i n g t h eir

.
,

ow n in fa my is n ot p rob ab l e
, .

T h eir t e sti m ony is ta k e n, m ai n l y fro m r e c en t n e wsp a pe rs p ubl is h e d i n the sl av e stat e s

, , M os t .

of those p a p e rs wil l b e d ep osite d at the offi ce of the A m e ri c a n A nti S lav e ry S o c i e ty 1 43 N as

-
,

sau str e e t N e w York C ity

,
- T h os e w h o thin k the atro c iti es whi c h th ey d e s c r ib e i nc r e d ib l e
.
, , ,

are i nvit e d to c a l l a n d r e a d for t h e m s el v e s W e r e gre t t h at al l of the origin al p ap e rs are n ot in

.

o ur p oss ession T he i d e a of p r e s ervi ng t h e m on fi l e for the i ns p e c tio n of the i nc r e d ul ou s a n d t he

.
,

cu rio u s d i d n ot o ccu r to u s un ti l aft e r the p r ep ar atio n of the work was in a stat e of forward n e ss
,

in c on s equ e nc e of t h is, so m e of the p a p e rs c a nn ot b e r e c over e d N earl y al l of t h em h ow e ve r

.
,

hav e b ee n p r e s e rv e d In all c as es the n ame of the p a p e r is giv e n a n d wit h ve ry fe wexc e p

.
, ,

tion s the pl a c e a n d tim e ( y e ar m on th a n d d a y) of p u bl i c atio n S o m e of the extra c ts h ow e ve r

, , , , . ,

n ot b e i n g m a d e wit h re fe renc e to t h is work a n d b efore its p ubl i c ation was c on t e m pl ate d are
, ,

wit h o u t d at e b ut t h is cl ass of e xtra c ts is exc ee d in gl y s m al l p rob ab l y n ot a t h irti e t h of the w h ol e

,

T he stat e m en ts , n ot d e riv e d fro m the p a p e rs a n d ot h e r p e riod i c al s l e tte rs, b ooks &c , p ub , .

,
.

l ishe d by sl ave h ol d e rs h av e b ee n fu rn is h e d by i n d ivi d u al s w h o h av e r e si de d in sl av e stat es man y

, ,

of w h o m are n ativ e s of t h ose stat e s a n d have b ee n sl av eh ol d e rs T he n a m es , r e si d enc e s &c

, .
, .

of the witn e sse s ge ne rall y are given A num b e r of t h e m h o wev e r stil l r esi d e i n sl ave stat e s
.
, ,

to p u bl ish t h eir n a m e s woul d b e, i n most c ase s, to m ak e t h e m the vi c tim s of po p ul ar fu ry .

Ne wYork M ay
-
, 4 , 1 839 .
 N O TE .

Th e E xe c u tiv e C omm itt ee of the Am eri c A ti S lav e ry S oc i e ty W hil ten d ri g th e ir grat

an n -
, e e n e .

f ul a c k n o w l e d g m e n ts in the n a m e o , c n o f Am e ri a A b l iti i t an d i b e h al f f th e s l a v e t th o
on s s n o o se , ,

who h a ve fur n i s h e d fo r this p u bl ica ti o n the re sul t of th e ir r e sid e n c e an d trav el in the s l a v e s tate s of
thi s Un i o n a n n oun c e th e ir d e t e rm i n a ti o n to p ubl is h from ti m e to ti m e , as th e y m ay h av e the m a
, ,

te rial s an d th e fu n d s T RA C T S c o n t ai n i n g w e ll au th e n ti c at e d fac t s t e s tim o n y p e r so n's] n a rr a ti v e s

, , , , ,

( t o fully s e tt in g f o rth the c on dition of A m e ri c an s l av e s

. I n ord e r th at th e y m a y b e fur n i s h e d with
.

th e r e qu i s it e m at e ria l s th e y i n v it e a ll w h o h a v e had p e rso n a l k n o w l e d g e of th e c o n d i t io n o f s l a v e s

,

in an y o f th e st a t e s of thi s U n i o n t o fo r w a rd th e ir te s t i m o n y with th e ir n a m e s an d r e s id e n ce s
, To .

p re v e n t im p o s itio n it i s in d is p e n s a bl e th a t p e r s o n s fo rwa rdin g t es tim o n y w h o are n ot p e rso n ally

, ,

k n o w n t o an y of th e E x e c u t iv e C o m m itt e e o r to the S ec re t ari e s o r E d it o r s o f th e A m e ric a n Anti

,

S l a v e ry S o c i e ty s h oul d fur n is h r efe re n c e s t o s o m e p e r so n o r p e r s o n s of r e sp e c t a bil ity w ith w h o m i f

, , ,

n e c e s sa ry the C om m itt e e m a
, y c o m m un i c a t e r e s p e c t in g the w rit e r .

F a c t s an d t e s t i m o n y r e s p e c ti n g th e c o n d iti o n o f s l av e s in al l resp ec ts are d e s ir e d ; th ei r fo o d , , ,

( k i n d s qua l ity an d qua n t i ty ) c l o thi n g l o d g in g d w ellin g s h ours o f l a b o r an d r e s t k in d s o f l a b o r

, , , , , , , ,

wi th th e m o d e o f e x a c ti o n su p e rv i s io n & c — the nu m b e r an d ti m e o f m e a l s e a c h d a y t re a t m e n t
, , .
,

wh e n sic k r e g ul a t io n s r e s p ec ti n g th e ir soc i a l i n t e rcou rse m arria g e an d d o m e s t i c t i e s th e sy s t e m

, , ,

o f to rt u r e t o w hi c h th e y a r e subj e c t e d with its v ari ou s m o d e s ; an d in de tail t h e ir i n tel l e c tu al

, ,

an d m ora l c o n d it io n G r e a t c a r e s h ou ld b e ob se rv e d i n th e st at e m e n t of fa c t s
. W e ll w e i g h e d . -

t e s ti m o n y an d w e ll au th e n ti ca t e d fa c t s with a resp on sib l e n a m e th e C o m m itt e e e a rn e stl y d e s ire

-
,

an d c a ll fo r Th ous a n ds of p e rso n s in the fre e stat e s hav e a m pl e k n o w l e d g e on thi s s u bj e c t l e

.
,
r

riv e d fr o m th e ir own ob s e r v atio n in the m id s t of sl av e ry W ill su c h h o ld th e ir p e ace ? T h a t w hi c h .

m a k e th m an ife s t i s l ight; h e who k e e p e th his c an dl e u n d e r a b u s h e l a t su c h a t i m e an d in suc h

a c a us e as th is f orge s f e ti ers f or himself
, as w e ll as fo r the sl av e L et n o on e w i thh o ld h i s t e s t i . .

m o n y b e c aus e o th e r s h a v e al ready t e s ti fi e d to si m il a r fa c t s Th e val ue of t e s tim o n y i s by n o .

m e a n s t o b e m e a s ur e d by th e n ovel ty o f the h o rr o r s w hi c h it d e sc rib e s C orr o bora tive t e s t i m o n y .

,

—fa c t s s i m i l a r t o th os e e s t abli sh e d by th e t e st i m o n y of o th e r s — is hi g hly v a l u abl e

,
W ho th a t ,
.

c an g iv e it an d has a h e a r t of fl e s h w ill r efu se to th e s l av e so sm a ll a boo n ?

,

C o m m u n i c a t io n s m ay b e a dd r ess e d to T h e o d o re D W eld , 1 4 3 N a ssa u str e e t N e wYork .

-
, .

N e wYor k May 1 839 , , .

 C O N T EN T S .

I N T O D CT ION — 7—1 0
R U T EST I M ON Y L E M EL or U S AP I NG T O N, 49 ; N ak d - e a
s s of
T ra ffi slaves
. .

T we ty seve n h u n dred tho u sa n d free born c iti z e n s o f 49 c in 49 slaves

Ten der m erc ies o f slaveholders 8 : religion kill edo rthreeRs m en e 50r 50S;altL owater T ESTI M ONY M L ow
n - , , .

the U S in slavery 7 n g a pro f essor of .

, ,

Abom—i n ation s of sl avery 9 : Character o f t h e testim o wo un ds to keep the m from p u tre; fac tion 5 0 appl ied to
,
.
,
.

,
,

n y 9 10 , .

P ERS ON A L N A RR A TI VES PA RT I pp 1 0 27 T ESTI M ONY or W I LL I A M C G I L D ERSLEEVE 50 A c ts o f

, .

- -
. . . .
,

N ARRATI VE or N E H E M I A H C A U LKI Ns 1 0 2 ; N orth c r uTelty 50

EST I M ON Y or HrRA M W H I TE 51 l VOm an with a child
,
, .

Caroli n a slavery l l ; M ethodist prea c h in g slavedriver

5 1 ; A m algam ation
,

G alloway 1 2 : Wom en at c hild —birth 1 2 : S laves cc hai

, ,
n ed to her n e c k an d m u latto , ,

at labor 1 2 : Clothi n g o f slaves 1 3 ; All owan c e o f hil dren 51

, ,

T ESTI M ON Y or JOH N M N ELS ON 51 ; R ev Con rad

.
,

provisio n s 1 3 ; S lave f etters 1 3 ; Cr u elties to slaves 1 3

, ,

S pee c e i n fl u en ced A lexan d er N elso n whe n d y in g n ot to

- .
.
,

1 4 1 5 B u ryi n g a slave alive 1 5 L i c e n tio u sn ess o f S lave

, , , ,

h olders 1 5 1 6 ; R ev T hom as P H un t with his h an ds e m an c ipate h is slaves 52 Ge orge B o urn e opposed slavery in
, , ,

tied ” 1 6 ; P rea c hers c ri n ge to slavery 1 5 ; N aked n ess o f 1 81 0 52

.
, , .
,
.
,

S lave h u ts 1 6 ; M ea n s o f sub sistem e for T E STI M ON Y or A N G ELIN A G R I M KE WEL D 52 ; H o u se

, ,

slaves 16 ; -

S laves prayer 1 7
, , ,

sl aves 1 6 1 7 se rvan ts 5 2 S lave drivi n g fe m ale pro fessors o f religion at

’ -

N A E E RA T I V E or REV H O RA C E M O U LT ON 1 7 ; L abor Charl esto n 8 C 5 3 W hipp in g wo m e n an d prayer in the

, , , . ,

o f the slaves 1 8 ; T asks 1 8 ; Wh ippin g post 1 8 ; F o od sam e room 5 3 ; T read m i lls 5 3 ; Sl av ek ol din g rel igion
. .
.
, , ,

s -

Cloth in g 1 9 ; P u n ish m e n ts 1 9 20 ; 5 4 ; S lav e drivi n g m istress prayed for the divi n e blessi n g
, , , , ,
, ,

1 8 : H o u ses 1 9 ; -

S cen es o f h orror 20 ; Con stables sav age an d br u tal 20 ; u pon h er w h i ppi n g o f an aged wom an 5 4 G irl killed wi t h
, , , ,

Patrols 20 ; Cr u elties at n ight 20 21 ; P addl e t ort urin g im p u n ity 54 ; Jewish law 5 4 ; B arbarities 54 ; M edi c al
, , , ,

B ran di n g with hot iron 21 : M urder atte n dan ce up O I slaves 5 5 Yo u n g m an beaten to epilepsy
, , , , , , ,

20 C at hau l in g 2 1 -
'

with i m p u n ity 2 1 ; I ro n c ollars yokes c logs an d bells 2 1 an d i n san ity 5 5 ; M is tresses fl og their slaves 55 ; B lood
, , ,

N ARRATI VE or S AR A H M G RI M KE 22 ; B arbaro u s T reat bou ght l ux u ries 55 ; B orrowi n g of slaves 5 5 ; M eals of

.
, , , , , , ,

m e n t of slaves 2 2 Co n verte d slave 22 P ro fessor of reli slav es 55 ; A ll co m fort O f slaves disregarded 5 6 S evera n ce
.
, , ,

gion n ear death tort u red his slave for visiti n g his com o f c om pan ion lovers 5 6 ; S eparation O f pare n ts an d c hildre n
, , , ,

, , , ,

pan io n 3 3 ; Co u n terpart o f Ja m es W il liam s desc riptio n o f 5 6 S lave espion age 57 ; S ufi erin gs o f slaves 57 H orror
,
’
,
’

L arrim ore s wi f e 23 ; H ead o f r u n away slave on a pole of slavery i ndes cribable 6 6

’

23 ; G over n or o f N orth Caroli n a le f t his s ic k slave to per T EST I M ON Y o r C R U ELTY IN F L I C TE D U P ON SLAVE S 57

, , , .

ish 2 3 ; Cr u elty to W o m e n slaves 3 4 ; C h ri stian s l ave a Colo n i z ation S oc iety 60 ; E m an c ipatio n S oc iety o f N orth
,

, , ,

m artyr for Jes u s 24 C aroli n a 60 K en t u c ky 6 1

T ESTI M ON Y or REV JOII N G n ArI AM 25 ; T wen ty s e ven PUNI S HM E NT S 62 72 ; F loggi n gs 62 ; W itn esses an d
. .
, , ,

.
, -

slaves w h ippe d 26 T esti mo n y 62 6 3

, ,

T ESTI M ON Y or WI LL I A M P O E 26 ; H arris whipped a S LAVE DR I V I N G 69 ; D roves of Slaves 7 0

, .

, ,
.

girl to death 26 ; C aptain O f the U S N avy m u rdered

,

C R U ELTY T o S LAVES 70 ; S laves li ke S to c k witho u t a

, .
,
.
, .

h is b oy was tried an d ac qu i tted 26 ; O verseer b urn t a shelter 7 1 S ix po u n d paddl e " 7 1

, ,
,

T
.

slave 26 Cr u elties to slaves 26

,
O RT U RES o r SLAVES I ron c ollars c hai n s fetters an d , .
, ,

P R I VA TION S O F T H E S L AVES pp 274 4 ha n d c uffs 7 2 76 A dvertise m e n ts f or fu gitive slaves 7 3 :

, ,
.
,
. - -
,

S ufferi n g from h u n ger 28— Ration s in Testimon y 7 4 7 5 : Iron head—fra m e 7 6 : Ch ai n coffl es

, ,

F OO D 28—sl
the U S A rm y & e 32 P rison ratio n s 33 34 T estim o 7 6 D roves Of h u m an c attle 7 6 W ashi n gton the N a
, , , , , ,

‘ ’

LAB O R 35 S laves are overworked 35 ; W i t tion al sl ave m arket 76 : Testi m on y of Jam es K Fa u ld

. .
, , , , ,

n y 34 3 5
H e n ry Clay 37 Child beari n g preve n ted in g S e c retary of the N avy ; L iterary f ra ua? an d p r et e ded
.
, , , , ,
.

n esses 35 36
-
n

D r Cha rm i n g 38 S a c ri fi ce of a set o f han ds ev ery p rop hecy by M r P a u ldi n g 77 : B ran di n gs M ai m i n gs an d

, , , , ,

37
T estim on y 39 ; L aws of Georgi a L o u is G un shot wo u n ds 77 : W itn esses an d Testi m on y 77—82 ;
.
, .
, , ,

seve n years 3 8 -

i an a M ary lan d S o u th Caroli n a an d V irgin ia 39 M r S evier sen ator of the U S 79 : J u dge H itc h c o c k o t
, , , , ,

C L O T H I NG 40 ; W itn esses 40 4 1 ; A dvertise m e n ts M obile 7 9 Co m m e n dable fi delity to tr uth in the advertis e

.
, , , , .
,
. .
,

4 1 ; T esti m o n y 4 1 ; F ield ha n ds 4 1 ; N u di ty o f s laves m e n ts o f S laveholders 82 : T ho m as Ay l e thorp e c ut o f a

, , , , ,
-

slave s ear an d se n t i t to L ewis T appan 9 3 : A d vert ise

,

4 2 ; J oh n R a n dolph s lega c y to E ssex an d H etty 4 2

, , ,
’ ’

DW E L LIN GS 4 2 W itn e sses 4 3 S laves are wret c hedly m en ts for r un away slaves with their teeth m u ti
.
, , ,
°

sheltered an d l od ged 4 3 T R E AT M E NT O F T H E lated 83 84 ; E xc essive c r u elty to slaves 85 : S lav es

, ,

.
,

S I C K 44 b u rn ed alive 86 : M r T u r n er a slave—
, , ,

b u tc her S7 :
S laves roasted an d fl ogged 87 : Cr u e l ties c omm o n 88 :
, .

P ERS O N AL N ARR ATI VES PA RT II pp 45—5

.
, , ,

T ESTI M O NY O F T H E Re v W II LLIA M T A LL A N 45 ; 88F u:gitive slaves 88 : S laves for c ed to eat toba c c o wo rm s

. .
, ,

B aptist Christi an s esc api n g from slavery 88 ; Chris . . . , ,

W om an delivered o f a dead c hiid bei n g whipped 46 ;

S laves S hot by H ilton 4 6 ; Cru elties to slaves 46 ; W hi p tian whipped for prayin 88 : James K P a u ldi n g s tes ti
,
, ,
' '
g .
,

pin g post 46 ; A ssa u l ts a nd m ai m i n gs 46 4 7 ; M u r

, ,

, , , ,

ders 4 7 ; P unyear the D e vil " 47 ; O verseers always - “

arm ed 44 ; L i c e n tio u sn ess o f O verseers 47 ; B e n d yo u r

, , ,
“ -

bac ks ” 47 M rs H a P resbyterian desiro u s to cut A rth u r

, ,

T appan s throat 47 ; C lothi n g H uts an d H erdin g o f

,
. .
, ,
’
, , ,

slaves 47 ; I ron yokes with pron gs 47 ; M arriage n u ’

k n own am o n g slaves 46 ; P resbyte ria n m i n ister at H u n ts

, ,

vi lle 47 ; C on c ub mage in P rea c her s ho u se 47 ; S lavery

,
'

, , ,

the great wro n g 47 , .

N RM I I V E or W I LL I A M e rww 48 49 ; S lave s li fe derer 9 1 ‘

A
' ‘
n , , , ,
.

4 8, 49 .
 0

VI C on ten ts .

P ER ATI VES —P A RT III P AG E 94 1 09

S ON AL NA
1 1 5 ; I n c red u lity disc reditable to in te ll ige n c e 1 1 5 ; Ab u se o f
RR -

power in the state an d c h ur c hes 1 1 5 ; L egal rest rai n ts 1 1 6 ;

. .
,

NA RRATI VE o r RE V F RA N C I S HA W LEY 94 ; P la n tatio n s

A m eri c a n S laveholders poss e ss absol u te p ower 1 1 6 S laves
, .
,
.
, ,
94 O verseers 95 ; N O appeal from O verseers to M as ters ,
,
deprived o f the saf guards of l aW 1 1 6 ; M u tu al aversion b e ,
e
,
95
tween the Oppressor an d the slave 1 1 6 ; Cr u elty the prod u c t
C L O T H IN G 95 ; N u dity o f slaves 9 5
.

1 1 7 ; T esti m o n y o f T ho m as Je ff erson
,
,

W O R K 95 ; Cotto pi c ki n g 9 6 ; M others o f S laves 96 ; 1 1 7

— o f arbitrary power , .

T 1 1 7 ; P resby te ria n S yn od o f S o u th
, ,
n

P resbyte rian m i n ister killed his slave 96 ; M eth odist eo Caroli n a an d G eorgi a 1 1 7 Ge n eral W illiam H H arriso n
, , ,
J u dge u c ker ,

lored prea her h u n g 96 L i c en tio u s ess 97 ; S lave traffi c

,

1 1 7 ; P reside n t E dwards 1 1 8 ; M o n tes u ie u 1 1 8 VVil b er

- , , .
c n ,

9 7 ; N ight in a S laveholder s ho u se 97 ; T welve s l aves

, , ,
q ; ’ , ,

m u rdered 97 ; S lave drivi n g B aptist preac hers 97

c e 1 1 8 ; W hitbread 1 1 8
,

H un t for ; Chara c ters ,

B J E C T ION II S
, ,

in g o f r u n aways slaves 9 7 ; A m alga m atio n 97

, ,
O laveholders prote st that they treat thei r
” 1 2 1 N ot testi m o n y b u t opi io G
.

T ESTI M O NY or RE UB N C M eY A N D RI CH AR D M eY 98 treatmen t of slaves 1 23 N ovel form of c r uelty 12 5

, , .

slaves well E
n n 1 22 ; ood A A
.
,

W hi ppi n g of slaves 98 99 Testi mon y o f E lea z er P owel

.
, , .
’ ’

B J E C T ION 11 1
, ,

99 ; O verseer of H i n ds S t u art shot a slave for opposi n g the

S lave h olders are proverbial for th ei r
.
, , ,
O
,

tort u re of his fe m ale c o m pan io n 1 0 0 ki n d n ess an d ge n erosity 1 25

; H ospitality a d be n evole n c e , , n

T ESTI M O NY or R EV W i LLl AM S e L s 1 0 0 Three slaves T exas an d H ayti 1 26 S laveholders

, .

c on trasted in Co n gress respe c ti n g

F
, ,
A s
c titio u s ki n d n ess an d h ospitality
.
, .

m u rdered with i m pu ity 1 00 ; S ep a ratio n o f l overs ar i ,

‘
,
’
n , , p
d h ildre 10 1
c ats, an c

T ESTI M ON Y Jo s I 1 0 1 M rs T a P resbyt ria ki d h at th e slaves are

n ,
.

i i t h e so u t h testi fy OB J E C TION IV —“ N o rthem v s torsa t

r u elly treated 1 28 T esti m o y

.

or n n e n n

wo m a kil ler 0 F e m ale slave wh ipped to death

. . . .
,
t n ot c ”
n
1 1 1 ; 10
F ood 0 N aked ess of slaves 1 O ld m fl ogged l or slaves 30 Ch ie f J u stide D29u rel F iel h a ds 0 P ar
n , .
,
, . ;
G ub n e r p o isen e
’
1 d- n 13
, 1 1 ; n , 01 ; an , , ;
1 1 31
a f ter prayi g f his tyra t 0 S lave h u ts as om fort 1 1 ; c l
O E C T ION V
,
or n ot , .
n n
I t is for the i terest o f the m c
-
,
BJ
able as pig sties 1 0 1 n aste rs to

their slaves well 1 32 Test m o y 1 33 R ev J N

.
-

T ESTI M ONY R PH IN EAS S M I T H 0 Texas 2 treat

.
,
”
1 1 10 , ; i n :
S u it for the val u e o f slave property 1 A so J o es M fli 1 34 M asters i terest to treat r u elly the great b dy
or EV . , . .

,
.
, ;
’
02 ; n n n a tt, n c o

A m ba sador rom Texas 02 N trial or p u ish m e t of the slaves

, ,

s f V ario u s lasses o f S laves1 1 36 0 n n f or c 1 35 , ;

the m u rder o f slaves 2 S lave h u ti g i T exas 02 H ired sla es 3 A dvertise m e ts 36 3
, , ,

10 n n n 1 v 1 6 n 1 1 7
;
-
;
S u eri g drives the slaves to despair d s u i ide 0 2 O E CT ION V I S laves m u ltiply a proof that they are
, , , , , .

ff n an c 1 BJ :

T ESTI M ON Y P B LI SS 0 2 Ig ora e of or er
, .

or i h um y treated d are i a om fortable o ditio

HI L N
’
1 n n c n th n n ot n an l an n c c n n

iti z e s respe ti g slavery 1 02 B etti g u po rops 1 3 E x 39 Testim o y F orei g

, . , ,

c n c n 39 M a ti V 3 n n c 0 ; 1 n 1 ; r n an B uren , 1 9; n
slave trade 1 9 B eware o f K id appers 1 0 Citi ze s
.
, , , ,

t t d r u elty the p u is h m e t o f slaves 3 S

en an c ld of n n 10 ; l aveho 3 n
’
4 ; n

ers ex u se their r u elties by t exam ple o f P rea hers sold as slaves 4 1 K i d appi g at N ew O rle a s 4 S lave
, , ,
’
c c he c 1 n n n 1 1
d N orther iti z e s 1 04 N ovel breeders
, , ,

an d pro fessors o f religio n an n c n 1 42

W hips as O E C T ION V11 P u bli opi io a prote tio to the
, , , .

tortu re e u logi z ed by a pro fessor o f rel gio i n , 10 4 ; BJ c n n Is c n

S u pre m e Co u rt f N or h d
, .

c o mm o as the plo u gh 0 4 ; L di u se owh ides with slave

n D e isio o f 1 a es c c n t he o t an

S ou th Ca ol a 43 P rote tio o f slaves 1 M i

, , ,

sh ovel d to gs an n 104 r in 1 ; c n
’
43 ; sc hiev

T ESTI M ONY R W A C S l ave l abor o u s e ff e ts of p u bli opi io o er i g s avery

.
, , ,
‘ ’
0 or E V. M H APl N , 1 5 -
c c n n c n c n n l 1 44 ;
slaves 0 5 S laves l a erated with o u t L aws o f di f ere t states 44 H eart o f S laveholders
. . .
, ,

10 5 S tarvatio ; n of , 1 ; c ,
f n ,
1 ; , 1 45 ;
c loth i g d witho u t food 5
n an R easo s for e a ti g th e laws o er i g r u el ties to 10 n n c n c nc n n c

T ESTI M ONY T M M 1 5 Cotto pla tatio s S t slaves 7 M oderate orre tio 1 8 H ypo r y
, , .

’
or A e Y, 0 n n n on 14 ; c c n 4 ; c is an d
S im o s Isla d 0 C u tiv tio of ri e 06 N o ti m e for m a ig ity of sl ave laws 1 4 T estim o y o f slaves ex l u ded
. . . .
, ,

n’ n 1 5 l a n c , 1 l n 8 n c

C lothi g 1 9 Capita r im es for slaves 1 9 S laveholdi g br u ta l i

, . ,

r l xatio
e a 06 S abba h a om i al rest
n , 1 06 ; t n n 1 ; n 4 ; l c 4 ;
‘
n

06 F loggi g 06 ty worse h th at of Cal ig u la 1 9 P u bl i Opi io destroys

, , ,

1 ; n 1 ’
t an 4 ; c n n

T ESTI M O NY F C M 1 06 S lave abi s 6 Food fu d m e tal rights 1 50 Chara ter o f slaveholders

.
, , ,

10 ad ve r
’
or A e Y, c n n a n ; c

06 T reat m e t o f slaves as P ubl i Opi io i s diaboli al

. .
, ,
.
,

1 06 W hippi g every day

; n i m 1 ; n t se en ts, 1 52 ; c n n c 1 52, 1 54 ;
br u tes 1 0 S lav boys fight for slave h older s am em e t B r u tal i de e y 54 M u rder o f slaves by law
, ,
’
6 ; e- us n : n c nc 1 ;
J u dge L awless
, , ,

1 0 7 A m algam atio o m m o o7 n S lave h u ti g 1 9 6 H eal h o f

c n , l 1 57 ; -
n n 5 1 0 ; t
T ESTI M ON Y A C LER G Y M A N 1 07 N at h e z 07 L ie slaves A li m atio of slaves L i berty o f S laves
.
, , ,

OF c 1 1 61 cc n 1 62
o w for whippi g 0 S lave h u ti g 1 08 B all d L aw f L o u isia a
,
.
, , ,

2 K id appi g o f free iti ze s ‘

d n
’
n 1 7 ; -
n n ; an 16 n n c n 1 62 o n

h ree 3 F R I E N D S m e m ori al
, , , , ,

c hai m n8 W hippi g at th e sam e ti m e

’
en 10 ; D om esti slavery n Ad on t 16 ;
’
1 64 ; c 1 64 ;
pla tatio s 1 8 H o u rs o f L abor 108 C i t i
, , , , ,

n n 0 Slave ; m 1 67 d d g 7 m i ; hr s an s v e rtise en ts, 64 , 1 ; C hildhoo ,o l a e, 16 ; I n hu an

B u t heri g dead laves 9 S ou th Caroli a
, ,

h ti g 1 ; M a y r u away slaves a u ally S hot

un n 08 8 1 69 n n n n 10 ; ty , ; c n s 16 ; n

S laves s o ks 0 8 S lave bra di g 0 8 Medi a l ollege 1

, , ,

in the t c C harles o M edi al I rm ary 2

1 -
n n 1 c c 69 ; t n c n fi 17 ;
ON D I TION S S lavery is u mixed r u elty A dvertise me ts 7 7 Sl ave m u rders 73 Joh R
.
, , , ,

C 08 OF LAV E s, 1 n c n 1 2, 1 3 1 n an
F ear the o ly m otive of slaves 1 09 P ai i the dolph 7 Charlesto sl ave a u tio s 7 N ever l ose a
.
, , ,

10 8 ; n ; n s 1 3; n c n 1 4 ;
slave d ivi g 1 0 9 ; C hara ters o f day s work 1 7 ; S to ks 7 S lave breedi g 17 L y h
, , ,

m ea s then n ot en d of -
r n c ’ ’
4 c 1 5 ; - n 5 nc
S lave drivers d O verseers br tal e s u al d viole t l aw 1 7 S laves m u rdered 1 7 Sl avery a m o g Christia s
, , , , ,

an , u , s n , an n , 5 6 n n ,

L
, ,
1 09 ; O w ership o f h u m a bei gs u tterly destroys h i
n 17 0 i e tio u s e e u raged by prea hers 1 80 n n t er 6, 1 8 c n n ss n co c ;
F i e old
,
c om fort 09 1
wh dealt i slaves 80 Cr u elty to ’
1
p reacher
, .
‘ o n
n ;
B J E CTION S C O N S ID E R E D —PAG E 1 20 —2 0 S laves by prof ssors o f religio 1 1 S lave breedi g 2
,

O Z 1 e n 8 - n 18 ;
a iel O c o e l d A d ew S teve so 1 82 V irgi ia a
.
, ,

1 S u h r u elties are i redible S laves deemed to Degro ’

1 10 n n n an n r n n ; n
c c
L egislat u re of irgi ia 2
nc . , ,
.
,

be worki g a i m als or m er ha di z e d alled S to k raisi g m e agerie ’ n n n 1 82 V n 18 ;

n n
B atc ; an c c
n , ,

I rea e B re ders D rivers P rop ty H um a Colo i z atio S i y 1 83 1 state slave tr ffi

, ,
’ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ n n oc et , ; n ter- a c, 1 84
n c s e er n

Testimo y o f T hom as Je ferso 1 0 S laves tles i Co gress 1 84 D u lli g 1 Co k ghti g 1

, , , ,

attle 0 ’
11 n f n 1 n n ; e n 85 ; c -
fi n , 86 ;
c ; , ,
,

worse t eated tha qu adru peds 1 2 Co trast betwee H orse ra i g 1

r n Ig ora e Slaveholders S lave 11 11
,

n
- c n 86 ; n n c Of 1 87 f
d m or l ity 1 88 A rka sas 88
n , ,

T esti m o y 2 h oldi g i i
, ,
’
the u s ge slaves d a i m a s
a of an n l 1 12 ; 11 ; n c v l tzation an a ; n 1 ;

N orther i red u lity dis reditable to o siste y 1 2 Sl ave driv i g r di a s 89 0 M isso u ri A laba m a , n , , , ,

n n c c c n 1 n a n 1 19 ; 191
B ut heries i M ississi ppi L ou isia a
n c , , ,

R e e t L y h i gs d R iots
,
,

R eli io u s perse u tio s

g c n 1 13 T c n
‘
n c n
’
an 1 92 c n 194 n 1 98 ; en

F atal A fl y i Col u m ia 20 Prese tme t

, ,

i the U ited S tates 1 3 M a y o u trageou s F e o ies

, , ,
1 ;
’

n 2 1 ; n l n essee, 00 ; ra n b n n
n p n p er e
L arge faith of obj e tors who of the G ra d J u ry o f S he lby Co u ty 0 2 T esti m o y o f
, ,

d with i m p u ity
trate n 11 3 the c n n 2 n

B ishop Sm ith of K e t u ky 20 2 6 , ,

a t believe
c n
'
D oe f a es D ou gh fa es ’
114 ‘
c
’
an d ‘
c
’
1 14 ; n c 4, 0
S lave drivers a k owledge their w e orm ities 1 S L AV E H O L DIN G R E G ION 20 G eorgi a 20 6
.
, , , ,

-
A c n o n n 1 4; T L A NT te 6 , ;
S lave pla tatio s A labam a L o u isia a d M i ssissippi N orth Carol i a 20 9 T r di g wi th N eg o s 209 Co l u
.
, ,

in n an n a n r e nc
n n ; ,

4 L e gis l at u re f N ort h C a oli a

, , ,

se o d y h ell c n on l to sio 2 0 ,
’
11 O r n ,
n , 1 .
 INT RO DU C T ION .

R EA DER y ou are em p an n el l e d as a j uror to try

,
Two m illions seven h un dred thousan d p ersons
a pl ain c ase an d brin g in an honest v e rdi c t . in these S tates are in thi s condition They were .

The qu estion at issu e is n ot on e of l aw b u t of , m ade sl aves an d are held s u ch by f orce an d by ,

fact Wh a t is the act ual condition of the .

b e in g p ut in fe ar an d this for no crime ,Re ader ,

sl aves in the Unite d S tates A p l ainer c ase wh at h ave y ou to say of s u ch tre atment ? I s i t
never went to a j ury L ook at it T W E N TY . . ri ght j u st benevolent ? S uppose I sho uld seize
, ,

S EVE N HU N DRED T H O US A N D P ER S ON S in this co un y ou rob y ou of yo ur liberty drive y ou into the

, ,

try men women an d children are in S L AVE RY

, , , , . field an d m ake y ou work withou t p ay as lon g as
,

Is sl avery as a condition for h um an b ein gs

, , y ou live wo ul d th at be j ustice an d k indn ess or
, ,

monstro us inj ustice an d cr uelty ? N ow every

'

good b ad or in difi e re n t ?
, , We s ubm it the ,

qu estion W itho u t argu ment Y ou h ave c om m on . body knows th at the S l aveholders do these thin gs
s ense an d conscie nce an d a h u m an he art — pro
, ,
to the sl aves e very day an d yet it is sto utly ai ,
.

noun ce u pon it Y ou h ave a wif e or a h u sb and

.
, ,
firme d th at they tre at them well an d kindl y an d ,

a ch ild a f ather a m other a brother or a sister

, , ,
th at their tender re gard for their sl aves restr ains
m ak c the c ase yo ur o wn the m asters from inflictin g cr ueltie s u pon them
’

m ake it theirs an d , ,
.

b rin g i n yo u r verdict T he c ase of H uman .

We sh all go into no met aphysics to show the
Ri ghts against Sl avery has been adj u dic ate d in abs u rdity of th is pretence The m an who robs .

the co urt of conscience times inn um erab le The .

y ou every d ay is f orsooth q u ite too tender
, , ,
.

'

sam e verdi ct has alw ays been rendered G uil he arted ever to c ufi or kic k y ou ! True he c an ,

ty ;
”
the s am e sentence has a lw ays been pro sn atch yo ur money b ut he does it gently lest he ,

n oun c e d L et it b e acc urse d ;” an d h um an n a

,
should h urt y ou He c an empty your pockets .

ture with her milli on echoes has r u n g it roun d

, ,
witho u t qu alms b ut if yo ur stom ac h is empty it
, ,

the worl d in every l an guage u nder he aven L et ,

c uts him to the quick He c an m ak e y ou work .

” a li f e time witho u t p a
it b e acc urse d L e t it be acc u rsed
. His he art is .
y b ut loves y ou too well ,

f al se to h u m an n at ure who wil l n ot say Amen ” ,

“
.
to let y ou go h un gry He fleeces y ou of you r .

ri hts W ith a relish b u t is shocked if

There is n ot a m an on e arth who does n ot be g y ou work,

l ieve th at sl avery is a c urse H u m an bein gs . b arehe ade d in s u mmer or in winter witho u t ,

m ay be inconsistent b ut h u m an n ature is tru e ,

warm stoc k in gs He c an m ake y ou go wi thou t
.

to hersel f S he has u ttered her testimony

. your l iberty b ut never witho u t a shi rt He c an
, .

a ainst sl avery with a shriek ever since the m om

g cr u sh in y ou al l h 0 pe of betterin g your condition
, , ,

ster was be gotten an d till it perishes a m idst the by vowin g th at y ou sh all die his slave b ut tho u gh ,

execrations o f the un iverse she will tr averse ,

he c an coolly tor ture yo ur f eelin gs h e is too com ,

the world on its tr ac k de alin g her bolts upon its ,

p assion ate to l acer ate yo ur b ack— he c an bre ak
he ad an d d ashin g against it her condem nin g
,
yo ur he art b u t he is very ten der of you r sk in
, .

br and We repe at it every m an k nows th at

. , He c an strip y ou of al l protection an d th u s ex
sl avery is a c urse Whoever denies this his lips .
,
pose y ou to al l o utr ages b ut if y ou are expose d ,

lib e l his h e art Try him ; cl ank the ch ains in

. to the weather h al f clad an d h al f sheltere d how
, ,

his e ars an d tell him they are f or him

, Give . ye arn his tender b owels ! Wh at ! S l aveholders
him an ho u r to prep are his wi f e an d children for tal k of tre atin g men well an d yet n ot o n ly rob ,

a l if e o f sl ave ry Bid him m ake h aste an d get

. them of al l they get an d as fast as they ge t i t , ,

ready thei r n ecks for the yoke an d their wrists ,

b ut rob them of them sel ves also their very h an d s ,

f or the c ofil c ch a ins then look at his p ale l ips an d ,

an d f ee t al l their m u scles an d limbs an d sens es
, , , ,

tre mbl in g knees an d y ou h ave n atur e s testimony

,
’
their b odies an d minds their time an d liberty an d ,

again st sl avery . earn in gs, the ir free speech an d ri ghts of con

 8 In troduction
“

s cience their ri ght to acquire knowled ge an d

, ,
the al tars of their gods The Rom ans l aude d .

p roperty an d rep ut ation — an d yet they who

, ,
their own m ild tre atment of their b o ndmen wh ile ,

pl under them of al l these wo uld f ain m ake us ,

they bran de d their n am es on the ir flesh with hot

b e lieve th at their so f t he arts ooze ou t so lovin gly irons an d when ol d threw them into their fish
. ,

tow ard their sl aves th at they alw ays keep them ponds or like C ato the J u st ” starve d them to
,
“
,

well ho used an d well cl ad never p u sh them too ,

de ath I t is the b o ast of the T urk s th at the y
.

h ard in the field never m ake their de ar b acks ,

tre at their sl aves as though the y were their chil
sm art nor let their de ar stom achs get empty
,
. dren yet their common n ame forthe m is do gs
, ,

B ut there is no end to these ab s urdities . an d for the m eres t trifi e s their f eet are b astin a ,
.

A re sl aveholders d unces or do they t ake al l ,

d e e d to a j elly or their he ads clippe d off with the
,

t he rest of the world to b e th at they think , scimet ar T he Por tu guese pride themselves o n
.

to b and age our eyes with s u ch thin gau zes ? their gentle b e arin g tow ard their sl aves yet the ,

Protestin g their kind re gar d for those whom stree ts of Rio J ameiro are fi l le d with n aked men
t hey hourly pl un der o f al l they h ave an d all an d wom en yoked in p airs to c ar ts an d w a ons
g ,

an d whippe d b
they ge t ! Wh at ! when they h ave seize d their y drivers like be asts of b urden .

Sl aveholders the world over h ave s un g the

"

victims an d annihilate d al l the ir rights still

, , , ,

claim to be the speci al guardi ans of their hap p i '

praises of the ir tender mercies tow ards thei r
n ess Plu nderers of their lib erty ye t the c are fu l , slaves E ven the wretches th at plie d the A fric an
.

s uppliers o f their w ants ? Robbers of their e arn sl ave tr ade trie d to reb u t Clarkson s proo f s of
,
’

in gs yet w atch fu l sentinels ro u nd their interests

, ,
their cruelties by speeches affi d avits an d p ub
-
, , ,

an d k ind providers of their com f orts Fil chin gal l b she d p amphlets settin g f orth the accomm od a ,

their time ye t grantin g genero u s don ations for rest

, tions of the “ m iddl e p ass age ” an d their kind ,

an d sleep S te alin g the u se of their m u scles yet ,

attentions to the com fort of those whom they

th ought f ul of their c ase P uttin gthem under drie had stolen f rom their homes an d k ept stowed ,

e rs yet c are f ul
, th at they are not h ard p u she d ? - aw ay u n der h atches d u rin g a voy age of f our ,

T oo h u m ane f orsooth to stint the s tom achs of thou s an d miles So accordin g to the testimony .
,

their sl aves yet f orce their min ds to starve an d

, , of the au tocr at of the R u ssi as he exercises
gre at ,

b r andis h over them p ains an d pen alties if they , clemency tow ards t he Poles tho u gh he exiles ,

d are to re ach f orth for the sm alles t cr u m b of them by thou s ands to the snows of Si b eri a an d ,
,

k nowled ge even a letter o f the alph abet !

, tr amples them down by millions at home Who , .

I t is no m arvel th at sl aveholders are alw ays discredits the atrocities p erpetra ted by O van do in
t alk in g o f their k in d treatm en t of their sl aves . Hisp aniol a Piz arro in Peru an d Corte z in M exi
, ,

The only m arvel is th at men of sense c an b e , co,

gu lle d by s u ch pro fessions Despots alw ays insist
th at they are merci ful The gre atest tyr ants th at
ever drippe d with b lood h ave ass um e d the titles
-
b ec au se they fille d the e ars o f the S p anish
. Court with protestations of the ir be ni gn ant r u le
. While they were yokin g the ensl ave d n atives
like be asts to the d r au ght workin g them to de at h ,

of most gracio u s ” most elem ent ” most

, ,
“
by thou s ands in their mines h u ntin g them with ,

”
merci ful & c an d h ave ordere d their cro u chin g
, .
,
bloodhou nds tort urin g them on r acks an d
, ,

v ass als to accost them th us Whe n di d not vice . b roilin g them on beds o f co als their represent a ,

l ay cl aim to those virt ues which are the opposites tions to the m other co u n try teeme d with e ulogies
o f its h abit u al crimes ? The guil ty accordin g to ,
of their p arent al sw ay ! The bloody atrocities of
their own showin g are alw ays innocent an d ,
.

,
Philip H in the e xp ulsion of his M oorish sub
.
,
.

cowards br ave an d dr un k ards sober an d h arlots

, , j ec ts are m atters of imperish able hi story W ho
,
.

ch aste an d pickpockets honest to a f aul t E very

, . disb elieves or doubts the m? An d yet his cou r
body underst ands this When a m an s ton gu e .
“
’
tiers m agnifie d his virt ues an d ch ante d his cle
grows thick an d he be gins to hicco ugh an d w alk
, mency an d his mercy while the w ail of a million ,

cross le gged we expect him as a m atter of co urse

-
, , ,
victims smitten down by a tem pest of fire an d
,

to protest th at he is not dru nk ; so when a m an is sl aughter l e t loose at his b iddin g rose above the ,

alw ays sin in

g g the pr aises of his o wn honesty we T e De um s th at th u ndere d f rom al l Sp ain s c athe ’
.
,

instinctively w atch his movements an d look out dral s . When Lo u is X I V revoke d the edict of
, .

f or our pocket books Whoever is simple en o u h N antz an d procl aim e d two m illions of his sub
g
- . .
,

to be ho a xed by s uch pro fessions sho ul d never be , j ec t s free pl under f or persec u tion — when from ,

tr uste d in the streets withou t somebody to t ake the E n glish ch annel to the P yre n n ee s the m an
c are o f him H um an n at ure works out in sl ave
.
gled bodies of the Pro test ants were dragged on
holders j ust as it does in other men an d in Ame , . reekin g h u rdles b y a sho u tin g pop ul ace he cl aim ,

ric an sl aveholders j ust as in E n glish French , , e d to be the f ather of his people ” an d wrote
“
,

T urkish Al gerine Rom an an d Greci an

, ,The . him sel f His most C hristia n M aj esty ” .

Sp art ans b o asted of their kin dne ss to their sl aves , B ut we will n o t anticip ate topics the f ull dis ,

while th e y whipped them to de ath b y tho us ands at c ussi e n of which more n at urally follow s tha n
 In troduction .

p recedes the in qu iry into the actu a l condition an d drivers We shal l sho w not merely th at s u ch
.
,

tre atment of sl aves in the Unite d S t ates . deeds are committed b u t th at they are frequ ent ; ,

A s sl avehol ders an d their apologists are vol un n ot done in corners b ut be f ore the su n ; n ot in one ,

tee r witnesses in their ow n c ause an d are fl ood ,

of the sl ave st ates b ut in al l of them ; n ot perp s ,

in g the worl d with testim ony th at their sl aves trate d by br ut al overseers an d drivers merely b ut ,

are kindly tre a ted ; th at they are well f e d well

-
,
by m agistrates b y le gisl ators by prof essors of , ,

c lothed well hou sed well lod ged moder ately

, , ,
reli gion by pre achers of the gospel by governors
, ,

worked an d bo unti fully provided with all thin gs of st ates by entlem en of property an d st and
, g ,

n e e df u] f or their com f ort we propose — fi rst to dis , ,

in g
, an d by deli c ate f em ales movin g in the

prove their assertions by the testimony of a m u lti hi ghest circles of society ” We k now fu ll . ,

t u de of imp arti al witnesses an d then to p ut sl ave ,

well the o u tcry th at w ill b e m ade by m u ltit u des
, ,

holders themselves thro u gh a co urse of cross ques - at these decl ar ations ; the m u lti f orm c avils the ,

”
tion in g wh ich sh all d raw their condemn ation out fl at deni als the ch ar ges of e xa
gger ation an d
,
“

of their ow falsehood” so o f ten b andied the sneers o f af

“
n m o n ths We will prove th at the sl aves
. ,

in the United St ates are tre ated with b arb arou s in f e c te d contem p t at the cred u lity th at c an believe
h um anity ; th at they are overworked un derfed
'

su ch thin gs an d the rage an d irn p rec ation s

w
, , ,

retchedly cl a d an d lod ged an d h ave ins uffi cien t ,

against those who
give them c urrency We .

sleep ; th at they are o f ten m ade to we ar ro u n d know too the thre adb are sophistries by which
, ,

their necks iron coll ars arm ed with pron gs to ,

sl aveholders an d their apologists seek to ev ade
dr ag he avy ch ains an d wei ghts at their f eet while s u ch testimony I f they admit th at su ch deeds .

workin g in the field an d to we ar yokes an d bells

, , ,
are com mitted they tell u s th at they are e xceed ,

an d iron horns that the y are o f ten kep t c onfined in gl y r are an d there f ore f urnish no gro u nds for
'

i n the stocks day an d ni ght for weeks to gether , j u d gin g of the general tre atment of sl aves ; th at
m ade to we ar gags i n their mo u ths for ho urs or occ asion ally a br u t al wretch in the f ree states
d ays h ave some of their f ront teeth tor n out or
,
b arb aro u sly b u tchers his wi fe b u t th at n o on e ,

broke n off th at they m ay be e asily detecte d

,
thinks of in f errin g f rom th at the general tre at ,

when they run aw ay ; th at they are f requ ently m ent of wives at the N orth an d W est .

fl o gge d with terrible severity h ave re d pepper ,

They tell us also th at the sl ave holders of the , ,

r ubbe d into their l acer ated flesh an d hot brine , ,

So u th are prover b i al l y hospit able kind an d , ,

spirits o f t u rpe ntine & c po u re d over the gashes

, .
, genero u s an d it is incredible th at they c an per
,

to incre ase the tort ure ; th at they are of ten strip p e trate s u ch enormities upon h u m an bein gs fu r
pe d n aked their b acks an d limbs c ut with k nives
, ,
ther th at it is absurd to s uppose th at they wo uld
,

br uised an d m an gle d by sco res an d h un dreds of th us inj ure their o wn prop erty th at sel f interest ,

blows with the p a ddle an d terribly torn by the ,

wou ld prom pt them to tre a t their sl aves with
cl aws of c ats dr awn over them b y their tormen
,
kindness as none b ut fool s an d m adme n w antonly
,

to rs ; th at they are o f ten h u nted with bl ood ho u nds destroy their own property ; f urther th at N orthern ,

an d shot down like be asts o r torn i n pieces by ,

visitors at the So u th come b ack testi fyin g to the
dogs ; th at they are o ften s uspende d by the kin d tre atment of the sl aves an d th at the sl aves “

a rms an d whip ed an d be a ten till they f aint an d

p ,
themselve s corrobor ate s uch represent ations All .

when revived by res tor atives be aten again till , these ple as an d scores o f others are bruited in, ,

they f aint an d someti m es till they die th a t their

, ,
every corner of the f ree St ates ; an d who th at
i

e ars are o ften c u t off their eye s knocke d ou t , ,

h ath eyes to se e has not sickened at the blind ,

the ir bones broken their fl esh br anded with red

,
ness th at sawnot at the p alsy of he art th at felt n ot , ,

hot irons ; th at they are m aimed m u til ated an d ,

or at the cow ardice an d sycoph ancy th at d are d
b urned to de ath over slow ti re s All the se thin gs .
,
not expose suc h sh allow fal l acies We are n ot .

an d m ore an d worse we sh all

, p rove
,
Re a der .
,
to be t urned from our p u rpose by s u ch v apid b ah
we know whereo f we affirm we h ave wei ghed ,
blin gs In their appropri ate pl aces e propose
.
, w .

it well ; m ore an d worse W E W I LL PR O V E . to consider these obj ections an d v ario u s ot hers

, ,

M ark these words an d re ad on ; we will est ablish

,
an d to show their emptines s an d f olly .

al l these f acts b y the testimony of scores an d him The f ore goin g decl ar ations tou chin g the ia
'

dreds o f eye witn essses by the testimony of sl ave ,

tion s u p on sl aves are n ot h ap h az ard asse rtion s , ,

hol ders l n al l p arts o f the s l av e st ates by sl av e hol d ,

nor the ex agger ations of fic tion conj ured up to
in g m embers of Con gress an d o f st ate le gisl a c arry apoint ; nor are they th e rh apsodies of e n
t ures by am b ass adors to f orei gn co urts by thusiasm nor cr u de concl usions j umpe d at by
“

, , , ‘ , ,

j ud ges by doctors of divinity an d cler gy

, , h asty an d imper fect investi gation nor the aim ,
.

men of al l denomin ations , by merch ants ,

le ss o utpo u rin gs either of symp athy or poetry .
°

m ech anics l awyers an d ph ysici ans b y presi

, ,
. b u t they are procl am ations of delibera te well ,

de nts an d professors i n C olle ges an d p rof es wei ghed convictions prod uce d b v acc u m u lations
w
,

sion al sem in aries by pl anters O rse ers an d of proo f b

y affirm ations an d affid avi ts b y r it
v e
, , , ,
 P erson al N arratives— Mr C aul kin s . .

te n testimonies an d s tatem ents of a clou d of wit poin ts to p ass in review the v arious p artic ul ar s
,

nesses who spe ak wh at they know an d testi fy in the sl ave s condition simply presentin g sufh ’
,

wh at they h ave seen an d all these impre gnably ,

cient testimony u nder e ach he ad to settle the
f ortified by proo f s inn umer able in the rel ation of ,
question in every c andid mind The ex amin ation .

the sl aveholder to his sl ave the n ature o f arbitr ary ,

will b e cond u cted b y st atin g distinct propositions ,

n e wer an d the n at ure an d hi story of m an an d in the f ollowin

,
.
g order of topics .

O f the witnesses whose testim ony is embodi ed 1 T H E F OO D o n TH E S LAV E S THE KI N D S Q UA LI T Y

.
, ,

in the f ollowin g p ages a m aj o ri ty are sl av e hol d ,

.
A N D Q UA N T IT Y A L so THE N UM BE R A N D T I M E 0 1 , ,
?

e rs m any of the rem ainder h ave b een sl aveholders

, , M EA L S E A C H DAY & c , .

b ut now reside in f ree S tates . 2 T I I E I R H O UR S o r L AB O R A N D R E S T

. .

Another class whose testim ony will be given , 3 T HE I R C LO TH I N G

. .

consists of those who h ave f urnished the results 4 T HE I R D W E LL I N G S

. .

o f their o w n observ ation d urin g pe riods of resi 5 T H Ei R PR I VATI ON S A N D I N F L I C T I ON S

.
.

dence an d tr avel in the sl ave S tates . 6 I n c on c l u sion a v ariety o f O B J E C T I ON S an d

.
,

We will first present the re ader with a fe wP ara A RGU M E N T S will be considere d whic h are used
S ON A L N ARRA T W ES f urn ishe d b
y in divi d uals n a ,
b y the advoc ates o f sl avery to set aside the
tive s of sl ave st ates an d others em bodyin g in the , , f orce of testimony an d to show th at the sl aves ,

m ain the resul ts of their own observ ation in the

, are kin dly tre ated .

m idst of sl avery— facts an d scenes of which they B etween the l arger divisions of the work b rie f ,
‘

were eye witnesses - . person al n arratives wil l be inserted cont ain in g a ,

I n the ne xt pl ace to give the re ader as cle ar , m ass of fac ts an d testimony both gener al an d ,

an d definite a view of the act u al condition of specific .

sl aves as possible we pre p ose to m ake specific

,

P E R S O N A L N A RR A T I VE S .

Mn . C AU LK I N S of Waterf ord N e w
N EH EM IAH , ,
M r Comstoc k is
. J ustice of the Pe ace M r a . .

London C o Connectic u t has f urni shed the E x

.
, ,
L Beebe is the Town Clerk of W aterf ord M r
. . .

e c utiv e Committee of the Americ an Anti Sl ave ry - J Beebe is a member of the B aptist C hurc h
. .

Society with the followin g st atements r el a

,
M r O tis is a member of the Con gre gation al
.

tive to the condition an d tre atment of sl aves in ,

Church M r M organ is a J us tice of the Pe ace
. .
,

the s outh e astern p ar t of N or th C arol in a M ost an d M essrs Perkins an d Ro ers are desi n ated by
.
g .
g
of the f acts rel ated b
y M r C aul kins f ell u nder .
their titles All those gentlemen are citizens of
.

his person al observ ation The air of c andor .

W ater ford Connectic ut , .

an d honesty th at perv ades the n arrative the T o whom it m ay c on c ern T his m ay c erti fy that M r . .

m anner in which M r C has drawn it up the ‘

,
N ehem iah C au lk in s of W aterford in N ewLon don C oun ty , , ,
. .
, is a n e ar n e ighb or to the sub sc rib er an d has b een for m an y ,

goo d sense j u st views conscience an d he art

, ,
y ears I d o c on si der him a m an of u n qu es tion ab l e v erac ity
.

an d c ertif y that he is so con side re d b y p eop l e to whom he

whi ch it exhibits are s ufficien t of themselves to
, is p erson all y kn own E DW AR D R W ARR EN ” . . .

co mmend it to all who h ave e ars to he ar .

J an . 1 5 th, 1 839 .

The Committee h ave no person al acqu ain t ance Mr W arren is a Commissioner ( A ssoci ate
.

with Mr C aulk ins b ut they h ave ample te stim o

.
,
'

J u d ge ) of the Cou nty Court for N e w Lon don ,

ni als from the mos t respect ab le sources ; al l of Cou nty .

which represent him to be a m an whose lon g es T his m ay c ertify that M r N ehem iah C aulk in s of the .
,

town of W ater f ord C oun ty of N e w L on don an d S tate of

tab l ishe d ch ar acter f or sterlin
g inte grity so u nd
,
C onn ec ti c u t is a m em b er of the fi rst B ap tist Chu rc h in said
‘
,
,

moral prin ciple an d piety h ave sec ure d for him ,

W aterford is in goo d stan din g an d is esteem ed b y us a
, ,

m an of truth an d verac ity

the l m iform respect an d c onfidence of those who
.

F RANC I S DA RR ow Pastor of said C hurch ,

.

k now him .
W aterf ord, J an . l 6t h, 1 839 .

Witho ut fu rther pre f ace the followin g te stim o “

T his m ay c e tif y tha ehe m iah C aulk in s, of W a e
r t N tr
r lv r
f o d, i es n e a m e , an d I al ay s estee m ed him , an d b e ie e w l v
ni al s are sub m itted to the re ader .
him to b e a m an of t uth an d e ac ity r vr .

r
the sub sc ib ers ha e l i ed v v E LI S HA E C W I TH
"
B K .

J an l 6 th, 1 839
. .

M r Beckwith is
. the Pe ace a Pos t a Justic e o f ,

M aster an d a De acon of the B ap tist Ch urch

,
.

M r Dwight P J anes a member of the Second

. .
,

L on o wrc x
Con gre gation al Ch urc h in the city of N e wLon ~

u ss B .

W aterf ord, C L, J an l 6th, 1 839 . . don in a rec en t le tter, say s ;

,
 P erson al N arratives— Mr C aulk in s . . 11

M r C aul k in s is a m em b erof the B aptis t Ch urch

. to which hi s n arra tive is confined h ave b een very ,

Waterf ord an d in every respec t a very worthy

In , gre at He is a c arpenter an d was employe d
.
,

citizen I h ave labored with him in the S abb ath

. princip ally on the pl ant ations working at his ,

S chool an d know him to be a m an of active

, tr ade be in g th us almost const antly in the com
,
.

piety The most e n tire c on fi den ce m ay b e placed

. p any of the sl aves as well as of their m asters .

in the tr uth of his st atements Where he is . His f ul l he ar t re adily resp onded to the c al l [ for in ,

k nown n o on e will c all them in question ”

, . f orm ation rel ative to sl avery ] for as he expresse d , ,

We close these testimoni als with an extract of a , it he had lon g desired th at others mi ght kno w
,

letter from Wi lliam Bolles E sq a well known , .

,
wh at he had seen bein g confiden t tha t a genera l ,

an d respecte d citi zen of N e w L ondon G t

k nowled ge of facts as they exist wo ul d gre atly ,
.
,
promote the overthrow of the system He is a
M r N ehemi ah C aul kins resides in the town
.

m an of u n do ubted ch ar acter ; an d where known

.

of Wa ter ford
,
abo u t S ix miles f rom this City
, .
his st atements need n o corroboration .

His opport un ities to acquire ex act knowled ge in

relation to S lave ry in that section of our co un try Yo urs & c WILLI A M B OLL E S , . .

, ,

N A R RA T I V E O F M R . C A U L KI N S .

I f eel it my d u ty to tell some things th at I ty cres of l and He b uil t a l og hut an d took

a .
,

know abo u t slavery , in order if p ossible to aw ak , ,

the wom an to live with him ; since which I ,

en more feelin g at the N orth i n beh alf of the h ave been at his hut an d seen f o ur or five m u ,

slave The tre atment of the sl ave s on the pl an

. l atto children He has been appointe d a j u stice
.

tation s whe re I had the gre atest opport unity of of the

p eac e an d his p l ac e as overseer was after
,

gettin g knowled ge was n ot so b ad as th at on , w ards occ upie d by a M r G allo way . .

som e nei ghborin g est ates where the owners , It is c u stom ary i n th at p art of the cou ntry to ,

were noted for their cr uelty There were how .

,
let the hogs run in the woods O n on e occ asion .

ever other est ates i n the vicinity where the

, , a sl ave c au ght a p ig abo u t two m o n ths ol d which ,

tre atment was b etter ; the S l aves were better he c arrie d to his qu arters T he overseer gettin g .
,

clothed an d fe d were not worke d so h ard an d , , in form ation of the f act went to the field where ,

more attention was p aid to their q uarters . he was at work an d ordered him to com e to ,

T he sc en es th at I h ave witnessed are eno ugh him The sl ave at onc e s u specte d it was some
.

to h arrow up the so u l ; b ut cou ld the sl ave be th in g abo ut the p ig an d f e arin g p u nishment , ,

p erm itted to tell the story of his sufferin gs which , dropped his hoe an d ran for the woods He had .

n o white m an n o t linked with sl avery is al l ow

, ed , got b ut a f e wrods when the overseer r aised his ,

to k n ow t he l and wo ul d vomit ou t the horrible

, gun lo aded with d u ck shot an d bro ught him
, ,

system S l aveholders an d al l if they woul d not

, , down It is a com mon pr actice for overseers to
.

u nclinch their
gr asp upon their de f enceless vic go in to the field armed with a gun or pistols an d ,

tims . sometim es both He was t aken up by the .

I spent el even winters b etween the ye ars , sl aves an d c arrie d to the pl ant ation h ospit al an d ,

1 82 4 an d 1 83 5 i n the st ate of N orth C arolin a

, ,
the physici an sent fo r A physici an was employ .

m ostly i n the vicini ty of Wilmin gton ; an d f o u r e d by the ye ar to t ake c are o f the sick or wo u nd
ou t of the eleven on the est ate of M r John . e d slaves In abou t six weeks this Sl ave got b et
. .

S wan five or six m iles f rom th at pl ace There

, . ter an d was able to come ou t of the hospit al
, .

were on his plant ation abo ut seventy Slaves m ale ,

He c ame to the mill where I was at work an d ,

an d f em ale : som e were m arried an d others , asked me to ex amine his body which I did an d , ,

live d to gether as m an an d wi fe withou t even a ,

co u nte d twenty six d u ck shot still rem aini n g i n -

mock ceremony With the i r own ers general ly .

,
his flesh tho ugh the doctor had removed a n um
,

it is a m atter of in di ff erence ; the m arri age of b er while he was l ai d u p .

S l aves n ot bein
g reco gn ized by the sl ave code . There was a sl ave on M r S w an s pl ant ation .
’
,

The sl aves however think m u ch of b ein g m ar

, , by the n ame of H arry who d urin g the abse nc e , ,

ried b y a cler gym an . o f his m aster ran aw ay an d secreted himsel f i n

,

The c abins or h u ts of the Sl aves were sm all ,

the woods This the sl aves sometim es do whe n
.
,

an d were b uilt p rincip ally by the sl aves them the m aster is absent for sever al weeks to esc ap e ,

se lves as they co ul d find time on

, S u nd ays an d the cr uel tre atm ent of the overseer I t is com .

moonli ght ni ghts ; they wen t into the sw am ps ,

mon for them to m ake prep ar ations b y secretin g ,

c ut the logs b acke d or hau l ed them to the

,
a mort ar a h atchet som e cookin
, g utensils an d , ,

qu arters an d p ut u p their c ab ins

,
. wh atever thin gs they c an ge t th at will en able
When I first knew M r S w an s pl ant ation his .
’
,
them to live while they are in the woods or
overseer was a m an who had been a M ethodist
.

sw am ps H arry st ai d abou t t hree months an d

.
,

minister He tre ated the sl aves wi th gre at lived by rob bin g the rice gro u nds an d b y su c h
‘

. ,

other me an s as c ame in his way . The sl ave s

g

cru elty His re ason for le avin g the ministry

.

an d becoming an overseer as I was in form ed , , gener ally know where the r un aw ay is secreted ,

was this : his wi fe died at which providence h e ,

"

g
an d visit him at ni ht an d on S u nd ays O n the .

was so enrage d th at he swore he woul d n ot ,

return of his m aster som e of the sl aves were ,

pre ach for the L ord another day This m an . sent for H arry When he c ame home he was .

continue d on the pl ant ation abo u t thre e y e ars ; '

seized an d confined i n the stocks The stocks

. .

at the close of which on settlem ent of accou nts , , we re b u ilt in the b arn an d consiste d of two ,

M r Sw an owed him abo u t $ 40 0 for which he

.
, he avy pieces of timber ten or more feet in len gth , ,

turne d him out a n e gro wom an , an d ab out tw

\ en an d ab out se v e n in ch es wid e ; the lower on e on ,
12 P erson al N arratives—Mr C aul k in s . .

the floor has a n u m b er of holes or pl aces c ut in

, c ontin u ed p unishm ent on acco un t of the m te rc es .

i t for the ancles ; the upper piece , bein g of the

, sion o f some whi te pe rson w ho p l e ads in his b e , .

s am e dimen sions i s fastened at o n e en d by a , h al f th at he believes the ne gro will b eh ave b e tte rj

,

h in ge an d i s bro u ght down af ter the ancles are

,
th at he promises well an d he b e lieves he will ,

p l aced in the holes an d sec ure d by a cl asp an d , keep his promise & c The planters sometimes , .

p adlock at the other end In this m anner the .

ge t tired of p un ishin g a ne gro an d w anti n g his ,

H arry was
,

person is l eft to sit on the floor . services in the fi eld they ge t som e white person ,

kept in the stocks day an d n ight f or a week an d , to com e an d in the pre se nce o f the sl ave inter
, , ,

flo gged every m orn in g A f ter th is he was t aken .

, cede f or him At on e time a ne gro n amed
.
,

o u t o n e mornin g a l o g ch ain f astene d aro u nd his , Ch arles was confine d in the stocks in the b uil d
,

neck the two en ds draggi n g on the gro un d an d

, , in g where I was at work an d had bee n severely ,

he sent to the field to do his t ask with the o ther , whipped sever al times He be gge d m e to inter . .

sl aves A t ni ght he was again p ut in the stocks

.
, cede for him an d try to get him rele ase d I told .

in the m om in g he was sent to the field in the him I wo ul d ; an d when his m aster c ame in to
'

s am e m anner an d th u s dr agge d out another , whip him again I went up to him an d told him I
,

week . had been t alkin g with Ch arles an d he had pro ,

T he overseer was a very m iserly f ellow an d , m ise d to beh ave better & c an d requ este d him , .
,

restricte d his wi fe i n wh at are considere d the n o t to p un ish him an

y more b ut to let him go , .

c om forts of li fe— such as te a s ugar & c To , , . He then s aid to Ch arles “ As M r C au lkins has , .

m ake up for this she set her wits to work an d by , , , b een ple adin g for y ou I will let y ou go on his ,

the help of a sl ave n amed J os, u sed to t ake f rom , acco un t an d a ccordin ly rele ase d him
g .

the pl ant ation wh ate ver she co ul d conveniently , Women are gener ally sho wn some little in dul
’
an d w atch he r opport unity d u rin g her h u sb and s gence for three or f o ur weeks previo us to chil d
absen ce an d send Joe to sell them an d b uy fo r
, birth they are at s u ch times not o f ten p u nishe d
her s u ch thin gs as she directe d O nce when . if they do not finish the t ask assi gned the m ; it is ,

he r h u sb and was aw ay she told Joe to kill an d , in som e c ases p asse d over with a severe rep ri
,

dress on e of the pi gs sell it an d ge t her some te a , , , m an d an d som etimes W itho u t an y noti ce bein g
,

s ugar & c Joe did as he was bid an d she gave

, .
, t aken of it They are gener ally allowe d fo ur
.

weeks after the birth of a child be fore they are

'

him the ofi al for his services When G al low ay .

,

returne d n ot s uspectin g his wi f e he aske d her if

, , compelle d to go into the fiel d they then t ake the ,

she knew wh at had become of his p ig S he told . child with them attende d som etim es by a little
,

him she s uspected on e of the sl aves n am in g him , , girl or boy f rom the age o f f our to six to t ake
, ,

had stolen i t for she had he ard a p ig squ e al the , c are of i t while the m other i s at work When .

e ve nin g be f ore The overseer c alle d the sl ave . there is no child th at c an be sp are d o r not youn g ,
.

u p an d ch ar e d him with the the f t He denied enou gh f or this service , the mother af ter n u rsin g
, g .
, ,

i t an d s aid he knew nothin gabo u t it

, The over . l ays it under a tree or b y the side of a f ence an d , ,

seer still ch arged him with it an d told him he , goes to her t ask ret u rnin g at st ated inte rv als to
,

wo uld give him on e week to think of it an d if he , n u rse it While I was on this pl ant ation a little
.
,

did not con fess the the f t or find out who di d ste al , ne gro girl S ix ye ars of age destroyed the li fe of a
, ,

the p ig he wo u ld fl og every ne gro on the pl ant a

, ch il d abo u t two months ol d which was le ft in her ,
tion ; be fore the week was up i t was ascertained c are I t seems this little n u rse so c alled got
.
, ,

th at Joe had killed the p ig He was c alle d Up .

,
tired of her ch arge an d the l abor of c arryin g i t to
an d q u estioned an d a dmitte d th at he ha d done , the q uarters at ni ght the mother bein g obli ged to ,

so an d told the overse er th at he di d it b y the or

, work as lon g as she cou l d see O n e eveni n gshe .

der of M rs G allow ay an d th at she directe d him

.
, n urse d the in fan t at su nset as u s ual an d sent it ,

to b uy som e s u gar & c with the money M rs , . . . to the qu arters The little girl on her way home
.
, ,

G all o way g ave Joe the lie ; an d he was terribly had to cross a run o r brook which led down i nto , ,

fl o gged Joe tol d me he had been sever al times

. the sw amp ; when she c ame to the b rook she fo l
to the smoke hou se with M rs G an d t aken h ams - .
, lowed it into the swam a th eirto ok the in fant an d
an d sold them which her h usb an d told m e he ,
pl un ge d it he ad f oremost into the w ater an d m ud ,

s upposed were stolen by the ne groes on a n ei gh . where i t st u ck fast ; She there le f t it an d went to
borin g pl ant ation M r Sw an he arin gof the cir . .
, the ne gro qu arters W hen the m other c ame in .

c um stan c e told me he believed Joe s story b u t

,
’
,
f rom the field she ask ed the girl where the child
,

th at his st atemen t wo uld not be t aken as proo f ; was ; she told her she had brou ght it home b ut ,

a n d if every sl ave on the pl ant ation told the s am e di d n ot know where it was the overseer was im
s tory it co ul d not be receive d as e vidence against
,
medi ately in formed se arch was m ade an d it was , ,

a white person . fo un d as above stated an d de ad The little girl ,

.

To S how the m anner in which ol d an d wom was sh u t u p in the b arn an d confined there two ,

o u t sl aves are sometimes tre ated I will st ate a ,

or three weeks when a S pec ul ator c ame alon g an d
,

f act G allow ay owne d a m an abo ut seventy bou ght her for two h undred doll ars .

e ars of age The ol d m an was sick an d went to . T he sl aves are obli ged to work f rom d ayli gh t
is hut ; l aid himsel f down on some str aw with till d ark as lon g as they c an se e I Vhen they
, .

his feet to the fire covered by a piece of an ol d , h ave t asks assi gned which is o ften t he c ase a , ,

bl anket an d there l ay fo u r or five d ays gro anin g

, , f e wof the stron gest an d most expert sometimes ,

In gre at distress witho u t an y attention bein

g aid , finish them be fore s unse t ; others will b e obl i ged
him by his m aster u ntil de ath ended his m ise s ,

he was then t aken out an d b uried with as little

ceremon y an d re spect as wo u ld be p aid to a br ute .

There is a practice prev alent am on g the pl ant . the overseer ; the for mer he uses v e ry freq u e n tly
e rs of lettin g a ne gro off from severe an d lon U pon the ne groes d urin g their ho u rs o f l abor
,
g .
, ,
 P ersonal N arratives ; Mr C aul k in s -
. .

with ou t re gard to age or sex Sc arcely a day one p eek When corn is given them their allow . .
,

p asse d while I was on the pl ant ation i n which ance is the s ame an d if they ge t it gro un d ( M r , , , .

some of the slaves were not whipped ; I do not S w an had a mill on his plant ation ) they m u st ,

me an th at they were struc k a f ewb l ows merely b ut , give on e qu art for grind in g th u s re d u cin g their ,

had a setfloggin g The s am e l abor is commonly

. weekly allow ance to seven qu arts When fi sh .

assi gned to me n an d women — s u ch as di ggin g , ( m ullet) were plenty they were allowe d in addi , ,

ditches in the rice m arshes cle arin g up l and , ,

tion on e fish A s to me at they seldom had an y
, .
,
.

choppin g cord wood threshin g & c - I h ave , , . I d o not think they had an allow ance of me at
k no wn the women go into the b arn as soon as o ftener th an once in two or three months an d ,

they could see in the morn in g an d work as l ate ,

then the qu antity was very sm all When they .

a s they co u ld se e at ni ht threshin
g g rice with the , went i nto the field to work they took som e o f ,

fl ail ( they now h ave a threshin g m achine ) an d

, , the me al or rice an d a p ot with them ; the pots
when they co uld see to thresh no lon ger they had , were given to an old wom an who pl aced two ,

to gather up the rice c arry it up st a irs an d de , , poles p ar allel se t the pots on them an d kin dle d
, ,

posit it in the gr anary
The allowance of clothin g on this pl ant ation to
e ach sl ave was given ou t at Christm as for the
,
. a fire u nderne ath for cookin g ; she took s alt with
her an d se asoned the messes as she thou ght p ro
per . When their bre akfast was re ady which ,

ye ar an d consisted of on e p air of co arse S hoes

, , was generally abo ut te ii or eleven o clock they ’
,

an d eno u h co arse cloth to m ake a j acket an d were c alled f rom labor ate an d ret u rned to work ;
g , ,

trowsers I f the m an has a wi f e She m akes it

. in the af ternoon dinner was prep are d in the s am e,

up ; if not it is m ade u p in the ho u se The

, . way They had b ut two me als a day while i n
.

sl aves on t his pl ant ation bein g ne ar Wilm in gton , , the field ; if they w ante d more they cooke d for ,

proc u red them selve s e xtra clothin g by workin g themselves after they ret urned to their quarters
S u n d ays an d moonli ght ni ghts c u ttin g cord , at ni ght A t the time of killin g ho gs on the
.

wood in the sw amps which they had to b ask , pl ant ation the p l u ck e n tr ails an d blood we re
, , ,

abo u t a qu a rter of a mile to the river ; they wo u ld

given to the sl aves .

then get a permit from their m aster an d t akin g , When I first went u pon M r Sw a n s pl ant ation .
’
,

the wood in their c anoes c arry it to Wil min gton , , I saw a S l ave in S h ac k les or fetters which were ,

an d sell it to the vessel s or dispose of it as they , fa stene d aro u nd e ach a nkle an d firmly rivete d ,

best co u ld an d with the m oney b u y an ol d j acket

, connected to gether by a ch ain To the middl e .

of the s ailors some co arse c l oth for a shirt & c o f this ch ain he had f astene d a strin
, , .
g so as in a ,

T hey som etim e s gather the moss from the trees , m anner to s u spend them an d keep them f rom “

which they cle anse an d t ake to m arket The .

gallin g his an k les This S lave whose n am e was .
,

women receive the ir allow ance of the s ame kind of Fr ank was an intelli gent good lookin g m an an d
, , ,

cloth which the men h ave This they m ake into . a very
good mech anic There was nothin g vi .

a frock ; if they h ave an

y u nder garm ents they cions in his ch aracter b ut he was on e of those ,

m ust p roc u re them f or them sel ves Whe n the . hi gh s pirited an d d arin g men th at W hips ch ains , ,
-

S l aves
ge t a permit to le ave the pl antation they , fetters an d al l the me ans o f cru elty in the power
,

sometim es m ake al l rin g again by S in gin g the fol of sl avery co ul d not s ubd u e , M r S had em . . .

lowin g si gnific ant ditty which shows th at after , ploye d a M r Beckwith to rep air a b o at an d told
.
,

al l there is a flow o f S pirits in the h u m a n bre ast him Frank was a oe d me ch anic an d he mi ght
h ave his services f ian k was sent for his shac k l e s
g
, ,

which for a while at le ast en ables them to f or get

, , .
'

their Wre te he dn e ss * . stil l on M r Beckwith set him to work m akin g

. .

H urra for good ol e M assa , ,

tru n n el s & c I was employed in p u ttin g up a
, . .

He giv m e do p ass to go to de c ity b u ildin g an d af ter M r B eckwith had done with

, .

H ur ra, f or good ol e M issi s,

Frank he was sent for to assist me M r Sw an . .

S he b il e de p o t, an d giv m e de tic k er ,

H t ,
urr a, I m gout to de c i ty
’ sent him to a bl acksmith s shop an d had hi s ’

sh ackle s c ut off with a col d chisel Frank was

.

E very S atu rd ay n ight the sl aves receive their afterw ards sold to a cotton pl anter .

al low ance of provisions which m u st l ast them ,

I wi ll rel ate on e circ umst ance which shows ,
till the ne xt S at u rd ay ni ght Pot atoe time ” as .
,
_

the little re gard th at is p aid to the feelin gs of the

it is c alled b e gins abo u t the middle of J uly The
, .
slave D u ring the time th at M r I saiahJi ogers
. .

sl ave m ay me as u re for himsel f the overseer b ein g ,

was s uperintendin g the b u ildin gof a rice m achine ,
present h al f a b u shel of sweet pot atoes an d
, ,
on e of the S l aves compl aine d of a severe tooth
he ap the me as u re as lon g as they will lie on ; I ache Swan a sked M r Ro gers to take his ham
. . .

h ave however seen the overseer if he think the

, , ,
mer an d k n oc k ou t the tooth .

ne gro is gettin g too m any kick the me as ure an d ,

There was a slave on the pl ant ation n ame d
if an y f all o ff tell him he has got his me as ure
, .
Ben a w aitin g m an
, I occ u pie d a room in the .

N 0 s alt is furnished them to e at with their pot a

s ame hu t an d had f requent conversations with
,
toes When rice or corn is given they give them
.
,
him B e n was a kind he arted m an an d I be
. -
, ,
a little s alt ; sometimes h al f a pint o f mol asses
‘

lieve a Christian he wo ul d alw ays ask a bless

,
.

is given b u t not o f ten The quantity of rice

, .
, in g be fore he S at down to e at an d was in the c om
'

,
which is o f the sm all b roken un s ale able kind is , , ,
st ant pr actice o f prayin g m ornin g an d ni ght .

S laves so m etim es sin g an d so do c on vic ts in j ails un der

,
O n e day when I was at the hu t Ben was se n t ,
sen te n c e an d b oth for the sam e r eason T heir si n gi n g
, .
for to go to the ho u se Ben si ghe d deeply an d
p roves that they wa t to b e hap p y n ot that the y are so I t is
.

n
the m an s that the y use to m ak e the m selves hap p y n ot the
e
,
.

went He soon ret urne d with a girl abou t seve n

.

eviden c e that the y are so al ready S om e tim es d oub tl ess .

, ,
teen ye ars of age whom on e of M r Sw an s , .
’

the exc i tem e n t o f so n g w he l ms their m ise ry in m om en tar

y d au ghters had ordered him to fl og He bro u ght
H e who argues f rom this that they have n o c on
.

ob li v io n
her into the room where I was an d told her to
.

sc io us m ise r to f or e t k n ows as littl e of hum an n ature as

y g ,

of sl avery —E DI T O R
,
. st and there w hile he went in to the next room I
 14 atives— Mr C aul kin s
on al Narr
P ers . .

me
?y
he ard him gro an again as he went While there . a flo ggin g cryin g an d , takin g on mos t p ite
I he ard his voice an d he was en gage d in prayer , . ou s .

A f ter a fe wm in u tes he ret urned with a l arge cow It is alm ost Impossi b le to b elieve th at h u m an
hide an d stood be fore the girl witho u t s ayi n g a
, ,
n at u re c an end ure su ch h ardship s an d s uff erin gs
as the sl aves h ave to
word I concl u de d he wishe d me to le ave the
.
go thron gh : I h ave seen
hut which I did an d immedi ately af ter I he ard
,
them driven i nto a ditch in a rice sw amp to b ail
the girl scre am At every blow she wo u ld shriek . , ou t the w ater in order to p u t down a fl oo d gate
, -
,

Do Ben oh do Ben ! This is a common e x

,
”
,
when they had to bre ak the ice an d there st and ,

pression of the sl aves to the person whippin g i n the w ater am on g the ice u ntil it was b ailed
them : Do M ass a l” or Do M iss us 1” , , , o ut . I h ave of ten known the h ands to b e t aken
A fter she had gone I aske d Ben wh a t she was , f rom the field sent down the river in fl ats or b o ats
,

whipped for he told me she had done somethin g to Wilmin gton absent from twenty fo u r to thirty
,
-

to disple ase her yo un g missu s an d in b oxin

g ho urs withou t an y thin g to eat n o provision bein g
, ,

her e ars an d otherwise be atin g her she had

, , m ade for these occ asions .

scratched her fin ger by a pin i n the girl s dress ’

, G allow ay kept medicine on h and th at i n c ase ,

for which she sent her to be flo gged I asked . an y of the sl aves were S ick he co u ld give it to ,

him if he stripped her be fore flo ggin g; he s aid , them witho u t sendin g for the p hysici an b ut he
yes ; he did not like to do this b ut was ob l iged , alw ays kept a
good look out th at they di d n ot
to : he s aid he was once ordere d to whip a wo sh am sickness When an y of them e xcite d hi s
.

m an which he did witho u t strippin g her on her

, s uspicions he wo ul d m ake them take the m e di
,

ret urn to the ho u se her mistress ex amined her , cine in his presence an d wo ul d give them a rap ,

b a ck ; an d not seein g an y m arks he w as sent for on the top of the he ad to m ake them sw al low it
\ , , , .

an d asked w hy he had not whipped her : b e re A m an once c am e to him of w hom he s aid he ,

p lie d th at he had ; she s aid she sawno m arks , was s u spicio us he gave him two potions of salts ,

an d aske d him if he had m ade her p ul l her clothes an d f astene d him i n the stocks for the ni ht
g His .

off ; he s aid N o S he then told him th a t when

,
.
, m edicine soon be gan to oper ate ; an d there he l ay
he whippe d an y more o f the women he m u st , in a l l his j il th til l he was ta k en ou t the n ex t day .

m ake them strip off their clothes as well as the , O n e d ay M r S w an be at a sl ave severely for
, .
,

men an d fl og them on their b are b acks or he alle e d c arelessness in lettin g a b o at ge t adrif t

, , g .

shou ld be flo gged himsel f . The sl ave was tol d to sec ure the bo at : whether
Ben o f ten appe ared very gloomy an d sad : I he took sufii c ie n t m e an s for this p urpose I do not
have fre q uently he ard him when in his room , , know ; he was n ot allowe d to m ake an y de fence .

m o u rnin g over his condition an d excl aim Poor , , M r Sw an c alled him u p an d asked why he di d
.
,

A fric an sl ave ! Poor A fric an sl ave !” Whippin g not sec u re the bo a t : he p ull ed off his hat an d b e
was so common an occ urrence on this pl ant ation
‘

, gan to tell his story Sw an told him he was a .

th at i t wo ul d be too gre at a repetition to st ate d amne d li ar an d com m ence d be atin g him over
,

the m an y an d severe fl oggin gs I h ave seen i n the he ad with a hickory c ane an d the sl ave re ,

fl ic te d on the sl aves They were flogge d f or n ot . tre ate d b ackw ards Sw an f ollowe d him ab o u t
p er form in g their t asks for bein g c areless slow , , , tw o rods threshin g him over the he ad with the
,

or not in time for

goin g to the fire to w arm & c
, , . hickory as he went .

& c ; an d i t o f ten seeme d as if occ asions were

. A S I was on e day st an din g ne ar some sl ave s
so u ght as an exc u se for p unishin g them . who were threshin g the driver thinkin g on e of , ,

O n on e occ asion I he ard the overseer ch ar ge ,

the wom en did n ot use her fl ail q u ick eno ugh ,

the h ands to be at a cert ain pl ace the next morn stru ck her over the he ad : the en d of the whi p
in g at sun rise I was present i n the morn in g
-
.
, hit her in the eye I tho u ght at the time he had .

in comp any with my b rother whe n the h ands ar p ut it out b u t af ter po ul ticin g an d doctorin g f or
'

, ,

rived Joe the sl ave alre ady S poken of c ame

.
, , some d ays she recovered Spe akin g to him abou t
,
.

r u nnin g al l out of bre ath ab ou t five min u tes he

, ,
. i t he s aid th at he on ce str u c k a sl ave so as to p u t
,

b in d the time when witho u t asking an y q u es , ,

.
on e o f her eyes entirely out .

tions the overseer tol d him to t ake off his j acket

, . A p atrol is kept u pon e ach est ate an d every ,

Joe took off his j acket He had on a piece of a . sl ave foun d off the pl ant ation without a p ass is
shirt ; he told him to t ake it off Joe took it off whippe d on the S pot I kne w a sl ave who st arte d .

he then whipped him with a he avy c ow hide f ull - witho u t a p ass on e n ight for a nei ghborin g , ,

si x fee t lon g At every stroke Joe wou ld S prin g

. pl ant ation to see his wi fe : he was c aught tied
, ,

from the gro u nd an d scre am O my God Do , , , to a tree an d flo gged H e st ate d his b usiness to
, .

M ss G llow y 1 M y brother was so ex asper

a a a a
” .
the p atrol who was well acq uainted with him
, ,

ated , th at he t urned to m e an d s aid “ I f I were , b u t al l to no p u rpose I spoke to the p atrol abou t .

Joe I wo u ld kill the overseer if I knew I shou ld

, i t af terw ards : he s aid he knew the ne gro th at ,

b e shot the next min ute ” he was a very clever f ellow b ut he had to whi p
‘

.
,

I n the winter the h orn blew at abo u t f o u r in hi m ; for if he let him p ass he m u st another & c
, , , .

the m ornin g an d al l the threshers were required

, He st ate d th at he had sometimes c aught an d fl O g .

to be at the threshin g floor in fi f teen min ute s af ter .

ge d fo u r in a ni ght .

They had to go abo u t a quarter of a m ile f rom In convers ation with M r S w an abou t r u n aw ay .

their quarters G allow ay wou ld stan d ne ar the

. sl aves he st ated to me the f ollowin g fac t z— A
,

entrance an d al l who di d not come in tim e wo ul d

, sl ave by the n am e of Lu ke was o wne d in Wil
, ,

get a blow over the b ack or he ad as he avy as he m in gton ; he was sold to a Spec ul ator an d c arrie d
co ul d strike I h ave seen him at s u ch times
.
, ,
to Geor gi a A fter an absence of abou t tw o
.

f ollow after them strikin g f urio usly a n um b e re f , mon ths the sl ave ret urne d he w atched an O p p or
blows an d every on e f ollowed by their scre am s tu n ity to enter his ol d m aster s ho u se when the
'
, .

I h ave seen the wom en go to their work after f amily were absent no on e b ein g at home b ut a ,
16 P erson al N arratives— Mr C aulkin s . .

let the child die ; s aid it was all ow in g to her Goin g on e mornin g to the B aptist S und ay
c a relessness an d th at he me ant to fl og her for it
,
school in Wilmin gton in which I was en gaged .
, , ,

She t old him with al l the f eel in g of a mother

,
I f ell in with the Rev Thom as P H u nt who , . .
,

the circ um stances of its de ath B ut her story was goi n g to the Presb yteri an school I asked . .
.

av ailed he r nothin
g g him how he co u ld b e ar to se e the littl e n e gro
a ainst the s av age br u t ality

of her m aster She was seve rely whipped

. children be atin g their hoops h allooin g an d run .
, ,

A he althy child f our months ol d was the n c on sid n in g abou t the streets as we then saw them , ,

ered worth $ 1 0 0 in N orth C arolin a their m or al condition entirely ne glected while .

,

The fore goin g facts were rel ate d to me b y the whites were so c are ful ly gathere d i nto t he
white persons of ch ar acter an d respect abil ity schools Hi s reply was subst anti ally this I . .

The followin g fact was rel ate d to me on a pl an c an t be ar it M r C aulkin s I f eel as deeply as an y ’

, . .

tation where I h ave spent considerab le time on e c an on this s ubj ect b ut wh at c an I do ? Mr ,

an d where the p unishme n t was inflicted HA N D S A RE T I ED ”

I . .

h ave no doubt of its tr uth A sl ave ran aw ay Now if M r H u n t was guilty of ne glectin g his
.
, .

f rom his m aster an d got as f ar as N e wb ern

\ , du ty as a serv ant of H m who never failed to re .
, .

He took provisions th at l asted him a wee k b ut

‘

b uke sin in hi gh pl aces wh at sh all be said of ,

h avin g e aten al l he went to a house to get some

, those cler gyme n at the north where the po wer .
,

thin g to s atis fy his h un ger A white m an su s th at closed his m ou th is com p ar atively un felt
.
,

p ec tin g him to be a ru n aw ay dem an de d his p ass :

who re f us e to te l l their people how God abhors
,

a s he had none he w as seize d an d

p u t in N e w
oppression an d who seldom ope n their m o uths on ,

bern j ail He was there advertised his de sc rip

. this s ubj e c t b ut to deno u nce the f riends of em an , ,
.

tion given 85 0 His m aster saw the advertise

, . c i ation
p th u s givin g the stron gest s upport to the .
,

ment an d sent for h im ; when he was b ro ught a cc u rsed system of sl avery I believe M r H un t '
. .

b ack his wrists were tie d togetheran d drawn over

,
has since b ecome an agent of the Tem pe ranc e
his knees A stick was then p asse d over his
. S ocie ty .

arm s an d under his k n ees an d he se c u re d in this In st atin g the f ore goin g facts my obj ect has
, ,

m anner his trowsers w ere then strippe d down

,
been to show the pr actic al workin gs of the sys , .

an d he t u rned over on his side an d severely tem of sl avery an d if possible to correc t the mi s , ,

be aten with the p addle then t u rne d over an d apprehension on this s ubj ect so com mon at the
, ,

severely be aten on the other side an d then t urn north In doin g this I am not at war with sl ave , . .

ed b ack again an d tort ured by another bru isin g

,
holders N o my sou l is m oved for them as well .
,

an d be atin g He was af terw ards kept in the

. as for the poor sl aves M ay G od sen d them re .

stocks a week an d whipped every m ornin g e n tan c e to the acknowled m en t of the tr uth !

prin eip l e on a subj ect of this nature is de arer to

g .
,

To show the dis gu stin g pollu tions of sl avery , , ,

an d how it covers with mor al filth every thin g it m e th an the appl au se of men an d sho ul d not b e ,

to u ches I will st ate two or three f acts which I

,
s acrifice d on an y s ubj ect even thou gh the ties of , ,

h ave on s uch evidence I c annot doub t their tr uth f riendship m ay b e broken We h ave too lon g . .

A pl anter offered a white m an of my ac qain tan c e been silent on this s ubj e ct the sl ave has been too ,

twenty doll ars for every on e of his f em ale sl aves m u ch considered b y our n orthern st ates as bein g , , ,

whom he wou l d ge t in the family way T his kept by necessity in his present con dition — Were . .

o ff er was no do ubt m ade f or the p u rpose of im we to ask i n the l an gu age of Pil ate wh at evi l .
, ,
”—
provin g the stock on the s am e principle th at h ave they done
, we m ay se arch their history ,

f armers ende avo ur to improve their c attle by we c annot find th at they h ave t aken up arm s
crossin g the breed a ainst o ur overnm ent n or insu lted u s as a n a
g
.
g ,

S l aves belon gin g to merch ants an d others in
the city o f ten hire the ir own time for which
,
tion— th at they are th u s com pelled to drag out a
li fe in ch a i n s ! s ubj ected to the m ost terrible in fl ie ,
.

they p ay vario u s prices per week or month ac tions if i n an y way they m ani fest a wish to b e ,

cordin g to the c ap a city of the sl ave The f e rele ase d — L et u s reverse the q uestion Wh at evil . .

m ales who th u s hire their tim e p ursu e v ariou s has been done to them by those who c all them
“

.
,
”
modes to proc ure the money their m asters m ak selves m asters First let u s look at their per .

in g no inqu iry howthey get it provid e d the sons neither clothe d n or n aked ”— I h ave see n , ,

m oney comes I f it is not re gu l arly p aid they

. instan ces w here thi s phr ase wo u ld not apply to
are flo
gged Some t ake in w ashin g some cook
. b oys an d girls an d th at too in winter I knew , ,
.

on bo ard vessels pick o ak u m sell pe an u ts & c

, on e yo u n g m an seventeen ye ars o f age by the
, , .
, ,

while others yo un ger an d m ore comely o f ten

, n ame o f D ave on M r J S w an s pl ant ation
_ , , . .
’
,

resort to the vilest p u rsuits I knew a m an f rom worke d day after day i n the rice m achine as n ak
.
.

the n orth who tho u h m arried to a respect ab le

g , e d as when he was born The re ason of his .

southern wom an kept two of these m ul atto girls , bein g so his m aster s aid in m y he arin g was th at , , ,

i n an upper room at his store ; his Wi fe told some he coul d not keep clothes on him— he wo uld ge t
o f her f riends th a t he had not lod e d at hom e
g into the fire an d b urn them off .

f or two weeks to gether I h ave seen these two Follow them next to their h uts som e with an d
,

k ep t m isses as they are there c alled at his store

, som e witho u t floors — G 0 at n i ght v ie w their ,
.
,

he was afterw ards st abbed i n an attemp t to ar m e an s of lod gin g see them lyin g on ben ches , ,

est a r un aw ay sl ave an d d ied in abou t ten some on the floor or grou nd som e sittin g on stools
g
, , ,

ay e
. dozin g aw ay the ni ght others o f yo un ger age -
, ,

The cler gy at the north crin ge b ene ath the with a b are bl an ket wr appe d abo u t them ; an d
corr upti n g infl uence of sl avery an d their mor al one or two lyin g in the ashes Th e se thin gs I have
, .

co ur age is borne d own by it N ot the hy p oc riti of ten seen with m y own ey es . .

c al an d u nprincipled alon e b e e ven s u ch as c an E x am ine their me ans of s ubsistence which

!
, ,

hardly be supp osed to be de at h we of sin ceri ty consists gener ally of seven q uarts of me al or
-
.
 P erson al N arratives— Re v Horac e Moul ton . .

ei ght q uarts of sm all rice f or on e week ; then

f ollo w them to their work with driver an d over ,
.

seer p u shin g them to the utmost of their s tren gth ,

by thre atenin g an d W hippin g .

I f t hey are sick f rom f ati gue an d expos ure go ,

to their h u ts as I h ave o f te n been an d see them

, ,

gro anin g un der a b u rnin g f ever or ple urisy lyin g ,

o n so m e s tr a w their f eet to the fire with b arely a

,

bl anket to cover them or on som e bo ards n ailed

to gether in f orm o f a bedste ad .
de time to pr ay only in de ni ght an d den m ass a ,

An d af ter seein g al l this an d he arin g them ,

m us not know it ie Fader h ave mercy on m assa . ,

tell of their s uff erin gs need I ask is there an y , ,

an d m iss u s F ader when sh all poor sl ave ge t
.
,

evil connecte d with the ir condition ? an d if so ; thro ugh the world when will de ath come an d de ,

u po n whom is it to be ch ar ged I answer for my poor slave go to he aven an d in their meetin gs

s e l f an d the re ader c an do the s ame

,
O ur govern . t hey f requ ently ad d F ader bless de white m an , ,
-

”
m e nt st ands first ch arge able for allowin g sl avery dat come to he ar de sl ave pray b less his fam il y , ,

to e xist u nder its o wn j urisdic tion S econd the

,
. ,
an d so on They u ni formly b e gin the ir m eet
.

st a tes for en a ctin g l aws to sec u re their victim . in gs by sin gin g the f ollowin g
Third the sl aveholder for c arry in g ou t s u ch
,
A n d are we y e t alive
en actments in horrid form enou gh to chill the T o see e ac h other s f ac e ” & c ’
,
.

blood Fo urth every person who knows wh at

.
, Is the e ar of the M ost Hi gh de af to the pr ayer
slavery is an d does not r aise his voice against
, of the sl ave I do firmly believe th at their de
this cryin g sin b u t b y silence gives consent to its
, liver ance will come an d th at the pr ayer of thi s ,
co ntin ua nce is ch ar ge able with guilt in the si ght
, poor affl icte d people wi l l be an swered .

o f God The blood of Z ach ari as who was

. E m ancip ation w oul d be s af e I h ave had .

s la in between the temple an d a lt ar ”

s ays Christ , , eleven winters to le arn the disposition of the
”
W I LL I RE Q U I RE o r TH I S GE N E RAT I ON .
sl aves an d am s atisfied th at they wo uld pe ace s
,
L ook at the sl ave his condition b ut little if at , , bly an d cheer fu lly work for p ay Give them .

al l better th an th a t of the bru te ; ch ained do wn

, e d u c ation equ al an d j u st l aws an d they will b e
, ,

by the l aw an d the will of his m aster an d every

, come a most in terestin g people O h let a c ry . ,

aven u e closed a gainst relie f ; an d the n ames of be r aised which sh all aw aken the c onsc ience of
those who ple ad for him c ast ou t as evil — m ust , thi s gu ilty n ation to dem an d f or the sl aves im ,
.

not h um anity let its voice be he ard an d tell Isr ael , me di ate an d u ncondition al em ancip atio n .

their tr ans gression s an d J u d ah their sins N E H EM IA H C AU LK IN S .

M ay God look upon their affl ictions an d deliver ,

A t this ti m e there was som e f ear of in surrection am!
them f rom their cru el t ask m asters E I verily be -
the sl aves were forb i dden to hol d m eetin gs .

N A RRAT I VE AND T EST I MO N Y o r REV . H O RA C E M O ULT O N .

M R M O ULT O N is . esteeme d m inister of the an its vic in ity b etween the ye ars 1 81 7 a n d 1 82 4
, .

M e thodist E piscop al Ch u rch in M arlboro u gh , ,

M y obj ect in goin g to the so u th was to en gage ,

i n m akin g an d burnin g brick ; b ut not im m e di

M ass He S pent five ye ars i n Geor gi a b e tween ,
ately s u cceedin g I en gaged in no b u siness of
.

,
1 8 1 7 an d 1 82 4 The f ollowin g C omm un ic ation.
m u ch profi t u ntil l ate in the winter when I took ,
has been recently receive d f rom him .
ch arge o f a set o f h ands an d went to work .

D urin g m y leisure however I was an observe r

,

M AR L B O R O UGH M as s F e b 1 8 1 83 9 , , .
, .
, , ,

D EAR B n orn s a at the au ctions u pon the p l ant ations an d in al

, ,

Yo urs of Feb 2 d requ estin g m e to wri te out a .

,
“

m ost every dep artm ent of b usin ess The next .

f e w f acts on the subj ect of sl avery as it exists , ye ar d u rin g the cold m onths I had sever al two
, ,

at the so uth has com e to h and I h asten to

, . horse te ams un der m y c are with which we u sed ,

comply with yo u r requ est Were it not how .

, to h au l brick bo ar ds an d other articles f rom the
, ,

e ver f or the cl aim s of those who are dr awn

,
“
wh arf i nto the c ity an d cotton rice corn an d , , , ,
”
u nto de ath an d the responsib ility restin wood f rom the co u ntry This gave m e an ex
g u p on -
, .

m e i n c onsequence of this requ est I shou ld for

, , tensive acqu aintance with merch ants mech anics ,

ever hol d my pe ace For I we l l know th at I . an d pl anters I had sl aves under m y control
.

sh all br in g u pon mysel f a flood of persec u tion ,

som e portion s of every ye ar when at the so uth .

f or attem ptin g to spe ak out f or the dum b B ut All the brick y ards e xcept on e on which I was
’
-
.
, ,

I am willin g to be se t at nought by m en if I ,
en gaged were connec te d either with a c orn field
, ,

c an b e the m e ans of promotin g the wel f are o f pot atoe p atch rice field cotton field tan works
, , ,
-
,

the Oppresse d of our l and I sh all not rel ate . o r with a wood l ot M y b usiness u s ually was .
, ,

m any p artic ul ar c ases of cr u elty thou gh I , to t ake ch arge of the brick m akin g dep artm ent - .

m i ght a gre at n umber ; b ut sh all give som e At the se j obs I h ave som etim es t aken in ch arge
‘ '

ge ner al in form ation as to their m ode of tre at

'

. both the field an d brick yard h ands I h ave - .

m e nt their f ood clothin g dwellin gs depriv a

, , , , b e en on the pl ant ations in S o u th C arolin a b ut ,

tions , h ave never been an overseer of sl aves in th at

Le t m e say in the fi rst pl ace th at I spent , , st ate as has been s ai d in the p ublic p apers
, .

n early five y ears in S av ann ah Geor i a an d i n I thin k the ab ove facts an d e xpl an ations are
g
‘

, ,
C)
U
18 P erson al N arratives— Rev Horac e Moul ton . .

necess ary to be connected with the account I the women h ave been selecte d as the moul ders
m ay give of sl avery th at the re ader m ay h ave of b r i c k i nste ad of the m e n
, .
,

some kn owled ge of my acquaint ance with

sl an i cs an d
F OO D O F T H E S L AVE S
IL T HE
rac tic al avery : f or m an y mech
p
merch ants who go to the So u th an d st ay there ,
I t was a ge n e ral cu stom wherever I h ave been , ,

f or ye ars know b u t little of the d ark S i de of fo r the m asters to give e ach o f his sl aves m ale
.

, ,

sl ave M y acco unt of sl avery will apply to an d fem ale on e p ee k of c orn p er w ee k for their

fi el d tan ds who compose m u ch the l ar gest p or

,

,
f ood . Th is at fi fty cents p er b ushel which was ,

tion of the b l ack pop ul ation ( prob ably nine , al l th at it was worth when I w as there wo u ld ,

tenths ) an d n ot to those who are kept f or k i tchen amo u nt to twelve an d a h al f cents per week for
,

m aids n urses w aiters & c abo u t the ho u ses of

, , ,
.
, bo ard per he ad .

the pl anters an d p ublic hotels where persons , It cost me upon an aver age when at the sou th , ,

f rom the north obt ain m ost of their knowled ge one doll ar p er day f or bo ard The price of f ou r . .

o f the evils of sl avery I will now procee d to . teen b u shels of corn per week This wo ul d m ake .

t ake up specific points . my bo ard equ al in amo u nt to the bo ard of f orty s ix

sl aves T his is all th at good or b ad m asters a] .

L AB O R O F T H E S L AVE S
T HE .
low their sl aves ro und abou t S av ann ah on the
M ales an d fem ales work to gether promisc u ou s]y plant ations O n e p e e k of go urd seed corn is to
.
-

on al l the pl ant ations O n m any pl ant ations tasks . be me as ure d o ut to e ach sl ave once every week .

are given them The best workin g h an ds c an

. O n e m an with whom I l abored however bein g , ,

h ave some lei sure tim e ; b ut the f eeble an d un sk il desirou s to ge t al l the work out of his h ands
f ul ones to gether with sl e n d er fe m al e s h ave in he cou ld b e f ore I le ft (abou t fi fty in n um b er )
'
'

, , , , ,

deed a hard time of it an d very o ften answer for , bo ught for them every week or twice a week a , ,

n on per f orm anc e o f t asks at the w hip p in g p osts bee f s he ad from m arket With this they m ade a
’
- - . .
,

N one who worked with m e had t asks at an y so u p in a l ar ge iron kettle aro und which the ,

time The r ule was to work them from sun to

. h an ds c ame at m e aLtim e an d dippin g ou t the ,

sun . B ut when I was b urnin g brick they were , soup wo u ld m ix it with their hom m on y an d e at it
, ,

obli ged to take t urns an d sit up al l n ight ab o u t , as thou h it were a f e ast

g This m an permitted his .

every other ni ght an d W ork al l day O n on e , . sl ave sto e at twice a day while I w as doin
g a j ob for
pl ant ation where I Spent a f e wweeks the sl aves
, ,
“

him He prom ise d me a be aver hat an d as good a

.

were c alle d up to work lon g be f ore d ayli ght , s u it of clothes as co ul d be bou ght in the city if I ,

when b u siness pressed an d worke d un til l ate at , wo uld accomplish so m u ch for him be fore I ret urn .

ni ght ; an d sometimes some o f them al l n ight . e d to the north ; givin g me the entire control over
A lar ge portion of the sl aves are owne d by m as his sl aves Th us y ou m ay se e the tempt ations
.

ters who keep them on p u rpose to hire ou t— an d overseers som etimes h ave to ge t al l the wor k ,

they u su ally let them to those who will give the they c an out of the poor sl aves T he above is an .

hi ghest w ages for them irrespective of their , exception to the gener al r u le of f ee din g F or i n .

mode of tre atment ; an d those W ho hire them , al l other pl aces where I worke d an d visite d ; the
will of c ourse try to ge t the gre atest possible slaves had n othin gf rom their m asters bu t the c orn ,

amo u n t o f work pe rformed with the le ast possi ,

or its eq u iv alent in pot atoes or rice an d to this , ,

ble expense Women are seen brin gin g their . they were n ot permitte d to come b ut on ce a day .

in fants into the field to their work an d le adin g , The c ustom was to blow the horn e arly in the
others who are n ot ol d e nou gh to st ay at the mornin g as a si gn al for the h ands to rise an d go
,

c abins with s afety When they ge t there they .

, to work when commenced ; they contin u ed work
,

m ust se t them down in the dirt an d go to work u ntil abou t eleven o clock , A M when at the’
, . . .
, ,

Sometim es they are le f t to cry u ntil they fall si gn al al l h an ds le f t off an d wen t into their h u ts
, , ,

al se ep O thers are le f t at hom e sh u t up i n their

.
, m ade their fires m ade their corn me al into horn ,
- .

h uts N ow is it not b arb aro u s , th at the mother

.
, , m ony or c ake ate it an d went to work again at
, ,

with her child or chil dre n aro u nd her h al f , the si gn al of the horn an d worked until ni ght or , ,

starved m u st b e whippe d at ni ght if she does n ot

, u ntil their t asks were done Some cooked their .

per form her t ask ? B u t so it is Som e who . bre ak fas t in the field while at work E ach sl ave .

h ave very youn g ones fix a little s ack an d pl ace , , m u st grin d his own corn in a h and m ill af ter he -

the in fants on their b acks an d work On e , . has done his work at ni ght There is generally .

re ason I pres u m e is th at they will not cry so

, , on e h and mill on every pl an tation for the u se of
-

m uch when they c an he ar their mother s voice ’

. the sl aves .

Another is the mothers fe ar th at the poison

, S ome of the pl anters h ave n o corn others o ften ,

ous vipers an d sn akes will bite them Tr ul y I e t ou t The s u bstit u te for it is the equ iv alent of
.
, g . ,

never knew an y pl ace where the l and is so in on e

p e e k of corn either in rice or sweet potatoes ;
feete d with al l kinds of the m os t venomo us neither of wh ich is as good for the sl aves as corn .

sn akes as in the l ow l ands ro u nd abo u t S av an

, They compl ain more of bein g faint when fe d on ,

n ah . The m occ asin sn akes so c alled an d w ater rice or pot atoes th an when f e d on corn I was .

r attle sn ake s—the bites of both of which are as

, , ,
-
with on e m an a few weeks who gave me h is
poisono us as our upl and r attle sn akes at the - h ands to do a j ob of work an d to s ave time on e ,

cooked for al l the rest T he f ollowin g co urse was

,

no rth are f o un d in myri ads ab o ut the st ag

,
-
.

n ant w aters an d swamps of the S o uth The fe . t aken — Two crotched sticks were driven down at
,

m ales in orde rto sec ure the ir in fants f rom the on e en d of the y ard an d a sm all p ole bein g l ai d

x
, ,

poisono u s sn akes d o as I h ave said of ten wo , , , on the crotches they sw un g a l ar ge iron kettle on
,

with their infants on their b acks Fem ales are . the middle of the pole ; the n m ade Up a fire
sometim es c all ed to t ake the h ardest p art o f the u n der the kettle an d boil ed the hom m on y whe n
w ork O n some b ric k yards where I h ave b een
‘

.
, re ady the h ands were c alle d aroun d this k e ttle
,
 P erson al N arratives— Re v Horac e Moul ton . . 19

with their woo den pl ates an d spoons They dip . lie down at ni ght with their workin g clothes on
ped out an d ate standin g arou nd the kettle or sit ,
them God alone knows how m u ch the poor
.

tin g upon the gro und as best s ui ted their cou ve ,

sl aves s uff er for the w ant of convenient houses
n ie n c e When they had potatoes they took them
. to sec ure them from the piercin g winds an d howl
out w ith their h ands an d ate them As soon as it , . in g storms of winter especi ally the aged sick , ,

was tho ught they had had s uffi cient time to swal an d dyin g Although it is m u ch w armer the re
.

low their f oo d they were c al led to their work again . th an here yet I s uff ere d for a n umber of weeks
,

T his was the on l y m eal they ate through the d ay , . in the win ter almost as m u ch in Geor gi a as I do
N ow think of the little , alm ost n ak ed an d h al f .
in M ass ach u setts .

st arved childre n , n ibblin g u pon a piece of cold

IV C LO TH I N G
Indi an c ake , or a potato ! T hink of the poor fe
m al e , j ust re ady to be confine d , witho ut an y thin g
'

The m asters [ in Georgi a] m ake a practice of

th at c an be c alled convenient or com fort able ! gettin g two s uits of clothes for e ach sl ave per ye ar,
Think o f the ol d toil worn fa ther an d m other , with a thick s u it for winter , an d a thin one for s ummer
- .

out an thin t e at b ut the co arsest of f ood , an d They pro v ide also on e p air of northern m ade s ale
y g o
not h al f enou gh of th at ! then think of hom e shoes for e ach sl ave in win ter These shoes u su . .

When sick , their physici ans are their m asters an d al ly be gin to rip in a f e w weeks The ne groes’
.

overseers , in most c ases , whose ski ll co n sists in mode of mendin g them is , to wir e them to gether,
bleedin g an d in administerin g l ar ge potions of E p in m any inst ances Do our northern shoem akers .

som s al ts , when the whip an d c ursin g will not know th at they are au gmentin g the s uff erin gs of
start them from their c abins the poor sl aves with their almost good for nothin g
.

sale shoes In asm u ch as it is done unto on e of

I II H O U S E S
those poor s uff erers it is done u nto our S avio ur
. .
.

T he h u ts of the sl aves are mostly of the poor The above pr actice of clothi n g the sl ave is c us
est ki nd They are not as good as those tempo
. tom ary to some extent How m any however .
, ,

rary sh anties which are thrown u p b esi de rail f ail of this God only knows , The children an d .

ro ads They are erecte d with posts an d crotches

.
, old sl aves are I sho ul d think ex cep tion s to the
, ,

with b ut little or no frame work ab ou t them - . ab ove r ule The m ales an d f em ales h ave their
.

They h ave no stoves or chimneys som e of them su its from the s ame cloth for their winter dresses .

have somethin g like a firepl ace at on e end an d a , These winter ga rments appe ar to be m a de of a
board or two of? at th at side or on the roof to let , , mixt ure of cotton an d wool very co arse an d ,

o ff the smoke O thers h ave noth in g like a fire sl eaz The whole s uit for the men consists of
.
y .

pl ace i n the m in these the fire is sometimes m ade a p air of p ant aloons an d a short sailor j acket -
,

i n the middle of the hu t These b uildin gs h ave . withou t shirt vest hat s toc k in gs or an y k in d of
, , , ,

b ut on e ap artment in them ; the pl aces where l oose garmen ts T hese if worn ste adily when ,

they p ass i n an d out se rve both for doors an d ,

at work wo ul d not prob ably l ast more th an one
,

windows ; the sides an d roofs are covere d with or two months ; there fore for the s ake of s avin g ,

co arse an d in m any inst ances with re fuse bo ards

, . them m any of them work especi ally in the sum
, ,

I n warm we ather especi ally in the sprin g the , , m er with n o clothin g on them except a cloth
,

sl aves k eep up a smoke or fire an d smoke al l , , tied rou n d their w aist an d al m ost al l with nothin g ,

ni ght to drive aw ay the gn ats an d m u sk e toe s

, , more on them th an p ant aloons an d these fre ,

which are very tro ublesome in al l the low co untry qu e n tly so torn th at they do not serve the p ur
of the so uth ; so m uch so th at the whites sleep poses of com mon decency The women h ave .

un de r fr am es w ith nets over them knit so fine th at , fo r clothin g a short pettico at an d a short loose ,

the m usk e toes c annot fly through them .

gown somethin g l ike the m ale s s ailor j acket
,
’
-
,

S ome of the sl aves h ave r ugs to cover them withou t y d er g arm en t, stoc k in gs, b on n e ts,
an un
in the coldest we ather b ut I shoul d think m ore , hoods, c ap s, or an y k in d of ove r c l othes W hen - .

have n ot D urin g drivin g storms they frequently

. at work in w arm we ath er , they u su all y strip o ff
h ave to run from on e hut to another for shelter . the loose gown , an d h ave nothin g on b ut a short
In the coldest we ather where they c an ge t wood , p ettico at with some kind of coverin g over their
or st u mps they keep u p fires al l ni ght in their
, bre asts M any chil dren m ay be seen in the sum
. .

h uts an d l ay aroun d them with their f eet to

, ,
. mer months as n ake d as they c am e in to the worl d .

w ards the bl aze M en women an d children al l

.
, I think, as a whole , they suff er more for the w an t
lie do wn toge ther in most instances T here m ay
, . of co m f ort able be d clothes , th an they do for we ar -

be exceptions to the ab ove st atements in re gard in g app arel It is tru e , th at some by be ggin g or
.

to their ho u ses b ut so f ar as my obse rva tions

, b uyi n g h ave more clothe s th an above described
, ,
'

h ave extended I h ave given a f air description

, , b ut the ma sters p rovide them with n o m ore They .

an d I h ave been on a l ar ge n um ber of pl ant a are miser able obj ects of pity It m ay be s ai d of .

tions in Georgi a an d So uth C arolin a up an d down m any of them I was n aked an d ye clothed me ,

the S av ann ah river The ir h uts are gener ally . not ” It is enou gh to melt the h ardest he art to
.

b uilt comp actly on the pl ant ations f ormin g vill a , see the r agged mothers n u rsin g their almost n ak
ge s of h u ts the ir size proportioned to the n um ber
, ed chil dren with b ut a morsel of the co arsest
,

of sl aves on them In these miserable h u ts the

. f ood to e at The So u thern horses an d do gs h ave
.

p oor bl acks are herded at ni ght like s win e withou t , eno u gh to e at an d good c are t aken of them b ut ,

an
y c on ven ien ces of be dsteads ta bl es or c hairs , . S o uthern ne groes who c an describe their mise ry ? ,

0 misery to the f ull ! to see the age d s ire be atin g

V P UN IS H M E N I‘S .
’

off the sw arm s of gn ats an d m u sk e toe s in the

.

wa rm we ather an d shiverin g in the straw or

, ,
The ordin ary mode of p un ishin g the sl aves is
bendin g over a few co als in the winter clothed ,
both cruel an d b arb aro u s T he m asters seldom ,

in rage. I shoul d think m ales an d f em ales b oth , if ever try to govern the i r slaves b y moral in flu
,
20 P erson al N arratives— Rev . Horac e Moul ton .

e nce b ut b y whippin g kickin g be atin g st arvin g

, , , , , m aster b u t more f requently a mistress who has
,

brand in g c at haul in g loadin g with irons im p ris

,
-
, , no h u sb and will sen d them to j ail a fe w d ays
, ,

onin g o r by some other cr uel mode of tort u rin g

,
.
givin g orders to h ave them whipped so m any ,

They o f ten bo ast o f h avin g invente d some new l ashes once or twice a day S ometimes afte r
, .
.
,

mode of tort ure by which they h ave t amed , bein g whipped some h ave been sh u t u p i n a d ark
,

the r asc als ” Wh at is c alled a moderate floggin g

. pl ace an d deprive d of food in order to incre ase ,

at the so u th is horribly cr uel Sho uld we whip . their torments : an d I h ave he ard of som e who
o ur horses fo ran y o ff ence as they whip their sl aves h ave in su c h circ u m st ances di ed of the ir wo unds
, ,

f or sm all o ff ences we sho uld e xpose o u rselves to ,

an d st arv ation .

the p en alty of the l aw The m asters whip for the . S u ch scenes of horror as ab ove descri b e d are so
sm all est o ffences s u ch as not p erformin g their , common i n Geor gi a th at they attract no atten
t asks bein g c aught by the guard or p atrol b y tion T o thre aten them with de ath wi th bre ak
‘

.
, ,

ni ght orfor t akin gan y thin gfrom the m aster s y ard ’

in g in their teeth or j aws or crackin their he ads
, g ,

witho u t le ave For these an d the like crimes . , .

, is comm on tal k when scoldin g at the slaves ,

the sl aves are whippe d thi rty nine l ashes an d -

, Those who run aw ay from their m asters an d are
sometimes seventy or a h u ndred on the b are b ack , . c aught again gener ally fare the worst They are .

O n e sl ave who was u nder my c are was whipped

, , , gener al ly lod ge d in j ail with instru ctions from the ,

I think on e h un dre d l ashes for gett in g a sm all , owner to h ave them cru ell y whipped Some or . .

h and fu l of wood f rom his m aster s yard witho u t ’

der the const ables to whip them p ublicly in the
le ave I he ard an ove rseer boastin g to this s ame
. m arket C onst ables at the sou th are generally
.

m aster th at he gave on e of the boys seventy l ashes , s av age brut al men They h ave b ecom e so acc us
, .

for n ot doin g a j ob of work j u st as he tho ught it tom e d to c a tchin g an d whippin

g n e grOe s th at ,

o ught to be done The owner of the sl ave ap . they are as fierce as ti gers S laves who are ab .

p eare d to be ple ased th at the overseer had been so sent f rom the ir ya rds or pl ant ations af ter ei gh t , ,

f aithf ul The apolo gy they m ake for whippin g

. o clock P M an d are t aken by the guard in the
’
. .
,

so cr uell y is th at it is to f ri ghten the res t of the

,
citie s or by the p atrol s in the cou ntry are if not
, , ,

gan g The m asters say th at wh at we c all an

.
, c alled for be fore nine o clock A M the next day ’
. .
,

ordin ary flo ggin g will not s ubd u e the sl aves ; sec ure d in prisons ; an d h ardly ever esc ape un til ,

hence the most cru el an d b arb arou s sco ur gin gs their b acks are torn up by the cow hide ; O n -

e ver witnesse d by m an are d aily an d hourl y in pl ant ations the e ven in gs u sually presen t scene s
,

fl ic te d u pon the n aked bodies o f these mi ser able of horror Those sl aves against whom ch arges are
.

bondmen not by m asters an d ne gro drivers only -

,
pre ferred for not h avin g pe rf orme d their t asks ,

b u t by the constables in the common m arkets an d for v ario u s f au lts m u st af ter work ho urs at , ,
-

an d j ailors in their y ards . ni ght u nder go their torments I h ave o f ten he ard
, .

When the sl aves are whipped either in p ub lic ,

the so u nd of the L ash the c u rses of the whipper , ,

an d the c rie s of the poor ne ro rendin

or priv ate they h ave their h ands f astened by the
, g g the air ,

wrists with a rope or cord prep ared f or the p ur

,
. l ate i n the evenin g an d long be fore day li gh t in ,
-

p ose this bein g thrown over a be am a limb of a ,

the mornin g .

tree or somethin g el se the c ulprit is drawn up

, , It is very com mon for m asters to say to the
an d stretched by the arm s as hi gh as possible ,
overseers or d rivers p u t i t on to them ” don t , ,
’

”
witho u t r aisin g his f eet from the gro und or floor sp are th a fellow
t give th at sco u ndrel on e hun ,

an d sometimes they are m ade to st and on tip , toe dred l ashes ” & c Whippin g the women when
, .

then the feet are m ade fast to somethin gprep are d in delic ate circ umst ances as they sometimes do , ,

fo r them In this distorte d post ure the monster

. without an y re gard to their entre aties or the en
flies at them sometimes in gre at r age with his , ,
tre aties of their ne arest friends is tr uly b arb arou s , .

i mplements of tortu re an d c u ts on with al l his , I f ne groes co u ld testi fy they wo u ld tell y ou o f ,

mi ght over the shou lders u nder the arms an d

, , ,
in st ances of women bein g whipped u ntil they
sometimes over the he ad an d e ars or on p arts of , h av e misc arried at the whi ppin g post I he a rd - .

the b ody where he c an inflict the gre atest torment of s uc h th in gs at the so u th — they are undo u bted
‘

O cc asion ally the W hip p e t especi ally if his victim ,

l y f acts Children are whippe d unmerci fully fo r
.

does not b e g eno ugh to s u it him while un de r the . the sm al le st o ffences an d th at be fore their m o ,
.

l ash will fly into a p assion u tte rin g the most hor

, ,
. the rs . A l arge propo rti on of the blacks h ave thei r
rid o aths ; W hile the victim of his r age is cryin g ,
sho u lders b acks an d arms al l sc arred u p an d
, , ,

at every stroke L ord h ave mercy ! L ord h ave ,

not a f e w of them h ave had their he ads l aid open
”
mercy ! The scenes e xhibite d at the whippin g with clubs stones an d brick b ats an d with the
, ,
-
,

p ost are aw fully terrific an d fri ght ful to on e whose b u tt en d of whips an d c arie s —som e h ave had
-

he art has not t urned to stone ; I never co u ld look their j aws b roken others their teeth kno cked in o r ,

b u t a moment While u nder the l ash the while others h ave had thei r e ars c rap p e d
‘

on .
,
o ut

bleedin g victim writhes in agony conv ulsed with , an d the sides of thei r checks gashed o ut S om e .

torture Thirty nine l ashes on the b are b ack

. -
, o f the poor cre at ures h ave lost the si ght o f on e o f

which te ar the skin at almost every stroke is ,

their eyes by the c areless blows of the whipper ,

wh at the S ou th c alls a very m oderate p un ishm en t or by some other violence .

M any m asters whip u ntil they are tired— u ntil B ut p un ishin go f sl aves as ab o ve described is n o t ,

the b ack is a gore of blood then rest u pon i t : -

the only m ode of tort ure Some tie them Up in .

af ter a short cess ation ge t up an d

go at it again ; , a very u ne asy p ost ure where they m u st st and ,

an d af ter h avin gs ati ated their reven e in the blood

g al l n ight an d they wil l then work t hem h ard al l
,

o f their victims they sometimes l eave them tie d , ,

d ay — th at is work them h ard al l day a n d tor
.

f or hou rs together b l eedin g a t every woun d , . ment them al l ni ght O thers p unish by f astenin g .

Sometimes after bein g whipp e d they are b athed

, , them down on a l og or som ethin g else an d , .

with a b rine of s alt an d w ater N ow an d then a . strike them on the b are skin with a b oard p add le
 P erson al N arratives— Rev H orac e M oul ton p
. . 21

full holes This bre aks the skin I shou ld it is h ard work for the m asters to whip the m into
of ,
,

presu m e at every hole where i t com es in br utes th at is to s u bd u e their noble Spirits T he

, , .

contact wi th it O thers when other modes of ne groes bein g p u t u nder my c are did not p revent
.
,
’

p unishment will not s ubd u e them c at hau l them the m asters from whippin g them whl é n the y
,

-
,

- th at is t ake a c at by the n ape o f the neck an d ple ased B u t they never whipped m uch in m y
, .

t ail or by the h in d le gs an d dr ag the cl aws presence Thi s work was u s ually le f t u ntil I
, , .

a cross the b ack u ntil s atisfied This kind of p u n had dismissed the h ands O n the pl ant ations . .
,

ishm en t poisons the flesh m u ch worse tha n the the m asters chose to h ave the sl aves whipped in
whip an d is more dre aded by the sl ave S om e the presence of al l the h ands to strike them with
, .
,

are br anded by a hot iron others h ave their terror , .

flesh c ut ou t in l arge gashes to m ark them , .

S ome who are prone to ru n a w y h ve iron

a a f e t
VI RU N A W AY S . .

ters rivete d aro u n d their ancles som etimes they N umbers of poor sl aves run aw ay from their ,

are p u t only o n on e f oot an d are dr agge d on the m asters ; som e of whom do ubtless perish in the
,

ro u n d O thers h ave on l ar ge iron coll ars or sw amps an d other secret pl aces r ather th an re
g .
,

yokes upon their necks or clogs riveted upon t u rn b ack agai n to their m asters ; others st ay,

their wrists or ancles Some h ave bells p u t u pon aw ay u ntil they almost f am ish with h u n ger an d
.
,

them h u n g u pon a sort of f r ame to an iron coll ar then ret urn hom e r ather th an die while others
,
.
,

Some m asters fly into a r age at trifl es an d knock who abscond are c au ght by the ne gro h u nters in -
,

down their ne groes with their fists or with the v ario u s w ays Sometimes the m aster will hire , .

first thin g th a t they c an get hold of The whip some of his most tr u sty ne groes to sec ure an y
,
.

l ash knots or r awhide h ave sometimes by a str ay ne groes who come on to their pl ant ations
-
, ,
-
, ,

reckless stroke re ached rou nd to the front of the f or m any come at ni ght to b e g f ood of their
body an d c ut thro ugh to the bowels O n e slave f riends on the pl antations The sl aves assist . .

holder with whom I lived whipped one of his o n e another u s ually when they c an an d not be , ,

slaves on e day as m any I sho u ld think as one f ou nd ou t in it The m aster c an now an d then
, , , .
,

h un dre d l ashes an d then t u rne d the bu tt e n d however ge t some of his h ands to betr ay the run
,
-
,

an d went to be atin g him over the he ad an d e ars aw ays Some obt ain their livin g in h u n tin g af ter ,
.

an d tr u ly I was am azed th at the sl ave w as not -

lost sl aves The most co m m on way is to tr ai n .

kille d on the spot N ot a f e w slaveholders whip up you n g do gs to f ollow them This c an e asily
. .

their sl aves to de ath an d then say that they di ed be done by obli gin g a sl ave to go ou t into the
,
”
u nder a moder te corre ction
a I won der th at woods an d climb a tree an d then p ut the yo un g .
, ,

ten are not killed where one is 1 Were they not dog on his tr ack an d with a little assist anc e he ,

m u ch h ardier th an the whites m any more of c an be t aught to follow him to the tre e an d whe n ,

them m u st die th an do O n e yo un g m u latto fo un d of cou rse the dog woul d b ark at s u ch .

,

m an with whom I was well acqu ainted was game as a poor ne gro on a tree
, There was a , .

killed by his m aster in his y ard with imp u n ity m an livin g i n S av ann ah when I was there who .
,

I bo arde d at the s ame time ne ar the pl a ce where kep t a l ar ge n u mber of do gs for n o other p ur
thi s gl arin g m u rder was comm itted an d kne w pose th an to h u nt r u n away ne groes An d he , .

the m aster well He had a pl ant ation on always had eno ugh of this work to do for hun
.
, ,

which he en acted almost d aily cr u el b arb arities dreds of r u n aw ays are never fou nd b ut cou ld he
, , , ,

som e of them I was in form ed more terrific if ge t ne ws soon af ter on e had fled he was alm os t
, , , ,

possible th an de ath itself L ittle notice was sure to c atch him And this f e ar of the dogs re
,
. .

t aken of this m urder an d it al l p a sse d off witho u t str ains m ul titu des f rom r unnin g off
, .

an
y action bein g t aken agai nst the m u rderer When he went ou t on a h untin g exc ursion to be .
,

The m asters u se d to try to m ake m e whip their gone sever al d ays he took sever al persons with him , ,

ne groes They said I co u ld not ge t alon g with arme d gener ally with rifles an d followe d by the
.
‘

them withou t flo ggin g them— b ut I f ou nd I co uld do gs T he do gs were as tr ue to the tr ack of a .

ge t alon g better with them by co axin g an d e n ne gro if one had p asse d recently as a ho u nd is , ,

c oura in the m th an by be atin

g an d flo ggin g to the tr ack o f a f ox when he has f o u nd it When
g g .

them I had not a he art to be at an d kick abou t the do gs dr aw ne ar to their game the sl ave m u st
.
,

those bein gs ; althou gh I had not gr ace in my t urn an d fi ght them or clim b a tree I f the latt er .
,

he art the three first ye ars I wa s there yet I sym the do gs will st ay an d b ark u ntil the p urs u ers ,

p athise d with the sl aves I n ever was gu ilty of come The bl acks f req u ently deceive the dogs
. .

h aving b ut on e whipped an d he was whipped by crossin g an d recrossin g the creeks Sho u l d , .

b u t ei ght or n ine blo ws T he circ u m st ances the h un ters who h ave n o do gs st art a sl ave from
.
,

were as f ollows Sever al ne groes were p u t u nder h is hidin g pl a ce an d the sl ave not stop at the ,

m y c are one S prin g who were f resh f rom C on go h u nter s c all he will shoot at him as soon as he
, ,
’
, ,

a n d G u i n ea I cou ld not u nderst an d them nei wo u ld at a deer S ome m asters a dvertise so m u c h

. ,
. .

ther co u ld they m e in one word I spoke I f or a r un aw ay sl ave de ad or alive I t u ndou b t

, .
, .

there fore pointe d to them to go to work al l e dl y gives su ch m ore satisfa ction to kno w th at .

obeyed me willin gly b ut on e —he re fu sed I told their property is de ad th an to know th at it is

’

.
,

the driver th a t he m u st tie him u p an d whip him alive witho u t bein

g able to ge t it S om e sl ave s . .

A f ter he had tied him by the help o f som e others ru n aw ay who never me an to be t aken alive I
, , .

we str uck him ei ght or nine blows an d he will m ention on e He run off an d was p u rsue d , .

yielded I told the driver not to strike him an o by the do gs b ut h avin g a we apo n with him he
.
,
.

ther blow We u ntied him an d he went to work s u cceeded i n killin g two or three o f th e do gs
’

. , ,

an d contin u e d fai th f u l al l the time he w as with b ut was af terw ards shot He had decl ared th at .
,
me T his one was not a s am ple however— m any he n ever wou ld be t aken alive The people
.
, .

of them h ave s uch ex alted views of freedom that rej oi ce d at the de ath of the sl ave b ut l am ented ,
 P erson al N arratives— Sarah M G rim k e . .

the de ath of the do gs they were su ch r avenou s , this hou r the guard in the c ities an d p atrols in
, ,
'

h u nters Poor fellow he f o ught f or li f e an d

.
,
the co u ntry , bein g well arm ed are on d uty unti l ,

l iberty like a hero b ut the b u lle ts brought him d ayli ght i n the mornin g I f they c atch an y .

down A ne gro c an h ardly w alk u nm oleste d

. ne groes d u rin g the ni ght witho u t a p ass they are ,

at the sou t h — E very colored str an er th at w alks im m edi ately sei z ed an d h u rried aw ay to the
g
the streets is s u specte d of bein g a r u n aw ay sl ave , gu ard ho u se or if i n the co untry to som e pl ace
-
,

hence he m ust b e in terro gate d by every ne gro o f confinem ent where they are kept until nine ,

h ater whom he meets an d sho u ld he not h ave a ,

o clock A M the next day if n ot c alle d for by
’
, . .
, ,

pa ss he m ust be arrested an d h u rried off to j ail

, . th at time they are h urri ed 0 3 to j ail an d there
, ,

S om e m asters bo ast th at their sl aves wo uld n ot rem ain u ntil c alle d for by their m aster an d his
be f ree if they co uld How little they know of . j ail an d gu ard ho u se f ees p aid T he gu ards an d .

their sl aves They are al l si ghin g an d groanin g p atrols receive on e doll ar e xtr a f or every one
for f reedom M ay G od h asten the tim e 1
. they c an c atch who has n o t a p ass f rom hi s ,

m aster or overseer b ut f e w m asters will give

, ,
ON FI N E M E N T AT N I GHT
VI I . C .
the i r sl a ves p asses to be ou t at ni ght u nless on som e
W hen the sl av es h ave do n e the ir d ay s work ’
, spec i al b u siness notwi thst an d in g m any venture ,

they m ust be herde d to gether like sheep in thei r ou t w atchin

, g every step they take fo r the gu ard
y ards or on their pl ant ations They h ave not as
,
. or p atrol the c onseq u ence is som e are c aught
,
.

m uch liberty as n orthern m e n h ave who are ,

al m ost every ni ht an d som e ni hts m any are
g g ,

sent to j a il f or debt f or they h ave liberty to , t aken ; som e flee in g af ter bein g h aile d by the ,

w alk a l arger y ard th an the sl aves h ave T he . w atch are shot down in attem ptin g their esc ape
, ,

sl aves m ust al l be at their h omes precisely at others are crippled for li fe I find I sh all not be .

ei ght o clock P M At this h o u r the dr u m s be at

’
, . . able to write ou t m ore at present M y m iniste .

i n the cities as a si gn al f or every sl ave to be i n

,
ri al d u tie s are pressin g an d if I del ay this til l the ,

his den In the co u ntry the si gn al is given by

.
, next m ail I f e ar it will n ot be in se ason Yo ur
,
.

firin g gu ns or som e other way by whic h they

,
brother f or those who are in bonds ,

m ay kno wthe ho u r whe n to be at hom e A f ter . HO RA C E M o or-re s .

N ARRAT IVE AN D T EST IMO N Y OF S A RAH M . G R I M K l lJ .

M iss Grimk e is d au ghter of the l ate most shockin g m anner ; a fin ger c o uld n ot be
a

J u d ge Grimk e of the S uprem e Court of S o u th l aid between the c uts B u t the love of liberty .

w
,

as too stron g to be annihil at ed by tort u re an d

C arolin a an d sister of the l ate Hon Th om as S ,

as a l ast resort she w

. .
,
as whip p ed at sever al dif ,
~

Grimk e .
f e re n t tim es an d kept a close prisoner A he avy .
,

A s I le ft my n ative st ate on accou n t of sl ave iron coll ar W ith thre e lon g pron gs p roj e ctin g , ,

ry, an d deserte d the hom e of m y fa thers to esc ape f rom it ha vas pl aced ro u nd her neck an d a , ,

the sou nd of the l ash an d the shrieks of tortured stron g an d so u nd f ront t ooth was extr acte d to ,

victims I wo u ld gl a dly b ury in oblivion the re serve as a m ark to describe he r in c ase of e s

, ,

collection of the se scenes with which I h ave bee n c ape Her sufl erin gs at thi s tim e were agon iz
'

f amili ar ; b u t this m ay not c an not be ; they in g she co ul d lie in no position b ut on he r b ack

, ,

c o m e over my memory like gory spectres an d which was sore from sco ur gin gs as I c an testi fy
'

, , ,

implore m e with resistless power in the n am e o f f rom person al inspection an d her only pl ace of
, ,

a God of mercy in the n am e of a cr u cifie d S a rest was the floor on a bl anket These o utrages
, , .

v ior i n the n am e of h u m anity ; fo r the s ake of

,
were comm itted in a f am ily where the m istress
the sl aveholder as well as the sl ave to be ar d aily re ad the script ures an d asse mble d her
, ,
‘

witness to the horrors of the so uthern prison chil dre n f or f am ily worship S he was accou nt .

ho u se I feel i mpelle d by a s acred sense of e d an d was re ally so far as alm s givin g was
. , ,
-

d u ty by my obli gations to my cou n try by sym concerne d a ch arit able wom an an d te nder
, , , ,

p athy for the bleeding victims of tyranny an d he arte d to the poor ; an d yet thi s su ff erin g sl ave ,

l ust to give my testimony respectin g the system who was the se am stress of the f am ily was con
, ,

o f Americ an sl avery — to det ai l a f e w f acts m ost tin ual l y in her presence sittin g in her ch amber
, , ,

of which c am e un der my p erson a l ob servation to sew or en gage d in her other hou sehold work .
, ,

An d here I m ay premise th at the actors i n these with her l acer ate d an d blee din g b ack her m u ti
, ,

tragedies were al l m en an d wom en of the hi gh l ate d mo u th an d he avy iron coll ar witho ut so , , ,

e st respect ability an d of the first f amilies in far as appe ared excitin g an y feelin gs of c om
, ,

So uth C arolin a an d with on e exception citi p assion , ,

O , .

zens o f Ch arleston ; an d th at their cr u elties did A hi ghly intelli gent sl ave who p ante d after ,

not in the sli ghtest de gree aff ect their st andin g f reedom with ce aseless lon gin gs m ade m any at ,

i n society .
tempts to ge t possession o f himsel f F or every .

A h andsome m ul atto wom an abo u t 1 8 or 2 0 o ff ence he was p un ishe d with extrem e severity
,
.

ye ars of age whose independent spirit co ul d not A t on e tim e he was tied up by his h ands to a
,

b rook the de gr ad ation o f sl avery was in the tree an d whippe d u ntil his b ack was on e gore , ,

of blood To this terrible infliction he was sub .

d interv ls f or sever al weeks an d kept

j e c te a t a ,

he avily ironed while at his work H is m aster .

o n e da a cc u se d him o f a fault i n the u sual

y ,

term s d ictated by p assion an d arbitr ary p ower ;

 24 son al N arratives— S arah M G rim k e
P er . .

was lyin g in com er of the b e vel he had u n

on e house an d as it was l ate in the evenin g they c on
,

der his he ad a fewfilthy r ags b ut the bo ards were , cl u ded to Spend the ni ght there W h at inh um an .

hi s only bed it was the depth of winter an d the

, , tre atmen t she receive d from them has never been
wind whistle d thro ugh every p art of the dil ap i reve aled They tie d her with cords to their b o
.

dated b u ildin g— he Opened his l an gui d eyes w dies an d supposin g they had sec u re d their victim
, ,

I spo k e an d in reply to my q uestion Wh at is

, ,
soon f ell into a deep sleep prob ably rendere d ,

m atter he s aid I am dyin g of a c ancer in my, m ore pro found by intoxic ation an d fati gu e ; b ut
side ” A s he rem ov e d the rags which covered the
.
-
the miser able c aptive sl umbered not ; by some
'

sore I fou nd th at it extended h al f rou nd the body

, , m e ans she disen gaged hersel f f rom her bonds an d ,

an d was shockin gly ne glected I inqu ired if he had . again fle d thro u h the lone wilderness
g A fter a
fe w d ays she wa s discovere d i n a wretc hed hu t
.

an y n u rse No missey
.
”
was hi s answer b u t de
, , ,
“
,
peopl e ( the sl aves) very kin d to m e dey o f ten ste al , which s eemed to h ave been lon g u ninh abited ‘

time to run an d see m e an d f etch m e som e she was speec hless ; a r agin g f ever consum ed her
tin g to e at if dey did n ot I mi ght st arve ” , . vit als an d when a physici an sawher he s aid she
,
.

The m aster an d mistress of this m an who had was dyin g of a dise ase bro ught on by over f ati gue ;
"

been worn ou t in their service were rem ark able , her mother was pe rm itted to visit her b u t ere she ,

for their i ntelli gence an d their hoesp ital ity knew , re ache d her the d amps o f de ath stood upon her
,

n o bo unds tow ards those who were of their own brow an d she had only the sad con sol ation of
,

gr ade in society : the m aster had f or some time lookin g on the de ath str u ck form an d convu lsive -

held the hi ghest milit ary offi ce in N orth C arolin a , a onies of her child
g .

an d n ot lon
g previo us to the time of which I A beloved frien d in S o u th C arolin a the wi fe ,

spe ak was the G overnor of the S t ate

, . o f a sl aveholder with w hom I o ften m in gled m y
,

O n a pl ant ation in So u th C arolin a I witnesse d , te ars when helpless an d hopeless we deplore d

,

a simil ar c ase o f s ufferin g— an age d wom an s uff er to gether the horrors o f sl avery rel ate d to m e ,

in g u nder an inc u r able dise ase in the s ame miser so m e ye ars since the f ollowi n g circ u m st ance .

”
ably ne lected sit u ation
g The owner of this . O n the pl ant ation adj oinin g her h usb and s ’

sl ave was proverbi ally kind to her ne groes ; so

,

the re was a sl ave of pre em i nent piety H is m aster -

.

m u ch so th at the pl anters in the nei ghborhood

,
was not a p rofessoro f reli gion b ut the s uperior ex , ,

s aid she spoile d them an d set a b ad ex ample , , c e l l en c e of this disciple of Christ w as not u nm ark
which mi ght produ ce discontent amon g the sur ed by hi m an d [ be lieve he was so se n sible of the
,

rou ndin g sl aves yet I h ave seen this wom an
tremble with r age when her sl aves disple ased her
an d he ard her u se l an u a e to them which co u ld
g g
good infl u en ce of his pi ety th at he did not de
, , prive him of the f e w reli gio u s privile ges withi n
his re ach A pl anter was one day di nin g with
.

only be expected f rom an inm ate of Bridewell ; the owner of this sl ave an d in the co u rse o f c on ,

an d h ave known he r in a
gu st o f p assion sen d a versati on observed th at al l pro fessi on of reli gion
,

f avorite sl ave to the workhou se to be severely amon

g sl aves was m ere hypocrisy T he other as .

whipped . se rte d a contr ary opinion addin

g I have a sl ave , ,

Another fact occ urs t o m e A youn g wom an . who I believe wo uld r ather die th an deny his S a
abo u t ei hteen st a te d som e circ u m st ances rel a
g ,
v io u r . This was ridic uled an d the m aster u r ged ,

tive to her youn g m aster which were tho ught de , to prove the a ssertion He accordin gly sent for ,

ro gatory to his ch ar acter whether tru e or false I , this m an of God an d peremptorily or dere d him
,

am u n able to sa
y she was thre atene d with to deny his belie f in the L ord Jes u s C hrist T he .

p u nishment b ut p ersisted in affi rm in g th at she

,
sl ave ple aded to be exc u sed c onst antly afiirm in g ,

had only spoken the tr u th Findin gher incorri gible . , th at he wo ul d r ather die th an deny the Redeeme r .

i t was concl u ded to send her to the Ch arleston whose blood was shed fo r him His m aster , .

workho use an d h ave her whipt ; she ple ade d in af ter v ainly tryin
g to ind u ce obedience by thre ats ,

v ain for a com m u t ation o f her sentence not so , ha d him terribly whipped The fortit u de o f the .

m u ch bec au se she dre ade d the actual s u ff erin g , s uff erer was not to be sh aken ; he nobly reject
as bec au se he r delic ate min d shr u nk f rom the e d the o ff er o f exem ption f rom f urt her ch astise
shockin g expos ure of her person to the eyes of m ent at the expense of destroyin g his so ul an d ,

br ut al an d licentio u s men ; she declared to m e th at this blesse d m artyr d ied in c on sequ en c e of this
de ath wou ld be pre f er able b ut her entre aties severe in fl ic tion O h how bri ght a ge m will
.
,

were v ain an d as there was no m e ans of esc apin g

,
this victim of irres p onsible power he i n th at ,

b ut by r unnin g aw ay she resorted to it as a des , crown which sp ark l e s on the Redeemer s brow ’

er ate remedy for her tim id n at ure never cou ld an d th at m any s u ch will cl u ster there I h ave
pave braved the perils necessarily encou ntere d by
, ,

not the sh adow of a do u bt

fugitive sl aves had not her mind been thrown into
, SARA H M G armKé . .

a st ate of desp air — She was apprehended after a. F ort Le e, B erge n C ou n ty ,

few weeks by two sl ave c atchers in a deserte d
,
-
, N ewJ ersey , 3 rd M on th, 26th, 1 83 0 .
 P erson al N arratives— Rev John G . raham .

T E S T I M O N Y O F T H E L A T E R E V J O II N . G RA H A M,

of Townsend M as s who resi ded in S C arolin a

, , .
, A m an m ore av ariciou s th an h um ane as 15
, ,

f rom 1 83 1 to the l atter p art of 1 833 M r G ra

, . . .
the c ase with most of the rich pl anters l aid a ,

ham gr ad uate d a t Amherst Colle ge in 1 829

remote cl aim to those two modest u n assu min g , ,
,
innocent an d f ree youn g l adies as his property ,
S pe nt so m e ti m e at the Theolo ic al S em in ary in
g ,
with the desi gn of p u ttin g them into the field ,
N e w H aven C t an d went to So uth C arolin a for an d th u s incre asin
g his ST O C K ! As well as
.
, , ,

his he alth in 1 830 He reside d princip ally on . the people of Concord are known to be of a
the isl and o f S t Helena S C an d most of the .
, . .
,
pe ace f ul disposition an d for their love of good ,

time i n the family of J am es Tripp Esq a order I verily be l ieve if a simil ar tri al sho u ld be
,
, .
,
bro u ght f orw ard there an d cond ucte d as this
we althy sl ave holdin g pl anter D urin g his .

was the good people wo u ld drive the l awyers

residence at St Helen a he was en gaged as an
,

ou t of the ho u se S uch wo u ld be their indi gn a

.
, .

instr ucter an d was m ost of the tim e the st ate d

, tion at their l an guage an d at the m e an under h and ,
-

pre acher o n the isl and M r G was extensively . . . ed m anner of tryin g to r u in those yo u n g l adies ,

known in M ass ach u setts an d his f ellows tu dents as to their standin g in society in this distric t ‘

if they co u l d not s u cceed in doomin g them f o r

an d instr u ctors at Am herst Col le ge an d at Y ale
, ,
li fe to the de gr aded co n dition of sl avery an d al l ,
Theolo gic al Semin ary c an b e ar testim ony to ,
its intoler able cru elties O h sl avery ! if st at u es .

his inte grity an d m or al wor th The f ollowin g o f m arble co u ld c u rse

y ou they wo u l d spe ak
.
, .

are extr acts of letters whic h he wrote while in ,

I f bricks co ul d spe ak they wo ul d al l s u rely th u n ,

S o u th C arolin a to an intim ate f rien d in Concord

, ,
der ou t their an athe m as against y ou acc u rsed ,

thin g ! How m any w hite sons an d d aughters

M ass ach usetts who has kindl y f urnishe d them,
,

h ave bled an d gro ane d under the l ash in this

for p ublic ation .
su ltry clim ate & c ”
.
,

E X TRA C T S .
Under d ate of M arch 1 832 M r G writes , , . .
,

I h ave been doin g wh at I hope never to he

S p rin gfie l d, S t H e l en . a I sl .
,
S C . .
, O c t 22 , 1 8 32
. . c alled to do again an d wh at I f e ar I h ave b adly ,

L ast ni ght abo u t one o clock I was aw aken

,
’
,
done tho u gh per forme d to the best of my ability
, ,

e d by the report of a m u sket I was ou t of bed .

n amely sewin g up a very b ad wo u n d m ade by a
,

a lmost in st antly O n open in g my window I .

,
wild hog The sl ave was h u ntin g wi ld ho gs
.
,

f o u nd the report proceede d f rom m y host s ch am ’ when on e bein g closely p urs u ed t urned upon his
, ,

b er . He had let of his pistol which he u s u ally p u rs u er who t urnin g to run was c au ght by the
, ,

ani m al thrown do w
,

keeps by him ni ght an d day at a sl ave who had , , ,

n an d b adly wo u nded i n the ,

com e into the yard an d as it appe ars had b een , ,

thi gh The woun d is abou t five i nches lon g an d
.

with on e of hi s h o use servants He did not hit .

very deep It was m ade by the t usk of the an i
.

hi m .The b all t aken from a pine tree the next ,

m al . The sl ave s bro ught hi m to on e of the h u ts
on M r Tripp s pl ant ation an d m ade e very e xe r
’
mornin g I will show y ou sho ul d I b e sp are d by
, ,
. .

Providence ever to retu rn to y ou The ho u se .

tion to ste p the blood by fill in g the wo un d wi th
serv an t was c alle d to the m aster s ch ambe r ’
,
ashe s the ir rem e dy for stoppin
( , gblood ) b ut findin g
where he receive d 75 l ashes very severe too an d ,
this to f ail they c am e to me ( there bein g n o o ther
I co u l d not only he ar every l ash b ut e ach gro an ,
white person on the pl ant ation as it i s now holi ,

which su cceeded very distinctly as I l ay i n my d ays) to know if I co ul d stop the blood I went .

bed Wh at was then done with the serv ant I

.
an d f o u n d th at the poor cre at u re m ust bleed to

know not N othin g was s aid of this to m e i n

.
de ath un less it cou l d be ste p p e d soon I c alle d .

the m orn in g an d I presu m e it will ever be kept f or a nee dle an d s u cceeded i n sewin g it U p as .

f ro m m e with c are if I m ay j u d ge o f kindred ,

well as I c ould an d in stoppin g the blood I n , .

a cts I sh all m ake no comm ent ”

. .
a short tim e his m aster who had been sent for ,

In the s a me letter M r Grah a m says , .

c am e ; an d oh y ou wo u ld h ave sh u ddere d if y o u
,

Y o u ask me o f m y hostess ”—
then af ter had he ard the aw fu l o aths th at f ell f rom his lips ,

givin g an i de a of her ch ar acter s ays To day ,

thre atenin g i n the sam e bre ath to p ay him f or “

she has I verily believe l aid in a very severe ,

that I le f t him as soon as decency wo uld per
m anner too m ore th an 3 0 0 strip es U pon the
, ,
mit with his he arty th anks th at I had s aved hi m
,

a
”
h o u se serv nts ( 1 7 i n n umber ) $ 50 0 O h m ay he aven protect the poor suff er
, ,
.

in g faintin g sl ave an d show his m aster his wan

.
,

Darl in gton C ou rt H ouse S 0 Marc h 2 8th 1 838

,
—
,
”
,
. . .
, , .
ton cru elty oh sl avery sl avery !
“ I w alked u
p to the C o urt Ho u se to day , Under d ate o f J uly 1 832 M r G writes I , ,
. .
,
“

where I he ar d on e o f the m ost interestin g c ases wish y ou coul d h ave been at the bre ak fast t able
I ever he ard I say i nterestin g on acco unt of
.
, with m e this m ornin g to h ave seen an d he ard
its novelty to m e tho ugh it had n o novelty for the wh at I saw an d he ard not th at I wish you r e ar
‘

, ,

people as s u ch c ases are of f req u ent occ urrence

, . an d he art an d so ul p aine d as m ine is with ,
‘

T he c ase was this : To kno w whether two every d ay s observation of wron g an d ou t

’ ’ ‘

l adies present in co u rt were white or b l ac k

, , . rage with which this pl ace i s filled b u t th at y ou
’
,

The l adies were dresse d well seemed m odest , , m i ght h ave auric ul ar an d ocu lar eviden ce of th e
an d were ret i rin gan d ne at in their look h avin cr u elty of sl avery of cr uelties th at mortal l an
g , ,

bl u e eyes bl ac k h air an d appe ared to under

, ,
g gu a e c an never describe — th at y o u mi ght se e
st and m u ch of the eti quette of so uthern b eh av the tender mercies of a h ardene d sl aveholder ,

on e w ho b e ars the n am e of b ein g on e of the m il d

 P erson al N arrativesJ—Mr Poe . .

est a n d m ost m erc if u l master s of whic h this isl w ashed off the blood an d c ame i n b e fore we rose
a n d c an b oa st O h, my friend , another is scre am
. f rom t able , o n e o f the m ost piti able objects I
in g u nder the l ash , in the she d room , b ut f or ever saw till I c am e to the So uth - Her e ars .

wh at I know n ot The scene this morn in g was were alm ost as thick as my h and , her eyes aw
.

tr uly distressin g to m e It was this Af ter the f ully blood shotten , her l ips , nose , cheeks , chin
.
- -
,

b l essin g was ask e d at the bre ak fast t able , on e o f an d whole he ad swollen so th at no on e wo ul d

the ser vants , a wom an grown , in givin g o n e o f h ave known it was E tt a— an d for al l this , she had
the chil d ren some m ol asses, h appened to po u r out to t u rn ro un d as she was goin g out an d than k her
a little m ore th an u s u al , tho u gh n ot m ore th an the m aster N o w, al l this was done whil e I was sit
child u sually e ats Her m aster was an gry at the tin g at bre ak fast with the rest o f the f amily
.
.

petty an d indi ff erent m istake , or slip of the h and Th ink y ou not I wished m ysel f sitt in g with the .

He rose from the t able , took b oth o f her h ands pe ace f ul an d h appy circle aro und yo u r t able ?
in on e o f his, an d with the other be gan to be at Think of m y f eelin gs , b ut pity the poor ne gro
her , first on on e side of her he a d an d then on the sl ave , who n ot only f ans hi s cr uel m aster when
other , an d repe atin gthis, till , as h e s ai d on sittin g he e ats an d sleeps , b u t be ars the stripes his c a .

down at table , it h urt his h and too m u ch to con price m ay inflict T hink of this , an d let he aven .

tin u e it lon ger He then took off his shoe, an d he ar you r p r ayers
. .

with the heel be gan i n the s ame m anner as I n a letter d ated St Helen a I sl an d , S C , De c . . . .

with his h and , till the poor cre at ure co uld n o 3 , 1 832 M r G writes , If a sl ave here compl ains . . .

lon ger end ure it witho u t screeches an d r aisin g her to his m aster , th at his t ask is too gre at, his m aster
elbo w as it is n atu ral to w ard off the blows He at once c alls him a sco un drel an d tells him i t is .

then c alled a gre at over grown ne gro to hol d her only bec ause he has not eno ugh to do , an d orders
han ds b ehin d her while he sho u ld wre ak his ven the driver to incre ase his t ask however un able he ,

g e an c e u p on the poor serv ant In this position m a

y be f or the per f orm ance of it
. I sawT W E N TY .

he be gan again to be at the poor s u ff erin g wretch S EVE N whip p ed a t on e tim e j u st bec ause they di d
'

It n ow bec ame intoler ab le to be ar she f el l not do m ore , when the poor cre atures were so ,

scre am in
g to m e f or he lp A f ter she f ell , he be at tire d th at they co u ld sc arcely drag on e f oot af ter
.

her im til I thought she wo uld h ave die d i n his the other .

h ands She got up , howeve r , went out an d

.

T E S T IMO N Y O F MR . W I LLI A M P O E .

Mr Poe is . n ative of Richmond Vir gini a an d

a , , sion for the same c au se the sl ave in desp air of
, , ,

was f ormerly a sl aveholder He was for several .

ple asin g him c u t off his own h an d H arris soon
, .

after b ec am e a b ankr upt went to N e w O rle an s

ye ars a merch ant in Richmon d an d s ubsequently ,

to recr ui t his fin ances f ail ed removed to Ken

,

i n L ynchb urg Virgin i a A fe w ye ars since he

, . ,
t u cky bec ame a m ani ac an d died
, ,

.
, ,

em ancip ated his sl aves an d remove d to H amil , A c apt ain in the United St ates N avy who ’
,

ton Co unty O hio ne ar Cincinn ati ; where he is

, , m arrie d a d aughter of the coll ector of the port
a hi hly respecte d r ulin of Richm on d an d resided there bec am e o ff ende d
g g elder in the Presby teri an , ,

ch urch He s ays .
with his ne gro boy took him into the me at ,
,
ho use p ut him u pon a stool crossed his h an d s
, ,

I am p aine d exceedin gly an d nothin g b ut m y b e fore him tie d a rope to them threw it over a
' '

, , ,

d u ty to God to the oppressors an d to the poor

, ,
j oist i n the b uildin g drew the boy u p so th at he ,

down trod den sl aves who go mo urnin g al l their

-
,
co u ld j u st st an d on the stool with his toes an d ,

d ays co uld m ove me to say a word

, I will . kept him i n th at position flo ggin g hi m severely ,

st ate to y ou a f ew c ase s o f the ab u se of the at interv als u ntil the boy bec am e so exh au ste d
,

sl aves b ut time wou ld f ail if I had l an gu age to

, ,
th at he reeled off the stool an d sw un g by his ,

tell how m any an d gre at are the in fi ic tion s of h ands u ntil he died The m aster was trie d an d .

sl avery even in i ts m ildest f orm

. . acqui tte d .

Benj amin J am es H arris a we al thy tob acconist ,

In Goochl and Cou nty Virgini a an overseer , ,

o f Richm ond Vir gini a whippe d a sl ave girl

, tied a sl a ve to a tree flo gged him again an d ,
,

fi fteen ye ars old to de ath W hile he was whip . a ain with

g g re at severity then piled bru sh aro u nd ,

pin g her his wi fe he ated a smoothin g iron p u t it

, ,
him se t it on fire an d b urned him to de ath
, , .

on her body i n v ariou s pl ac es an d b u rne d her ,

The overseer was tried an d im prisoned The .

severely The verdict o f th e coroner s inqu est

.
’
whole tr ansaction m ay b e fo u nd on the records
was , Died of excessive whippin g ” He was
“
. o f the co urt .

trie d in Richmond an d acqu itted I atten de d , . In tr avelin g one d ay f rom Petersb ur g to, ,
the tri al S ome ye ars af ter this s ame H arris
.
,
Richm ond Vir gini a I he ard cries of d istress at a
, ,

whipped another sl ave to de ath The m an had . dist ance on the ro ad I rode u p an d fo un d two
, . ,

n ot done so m u ch work as was req u ired o f him wh ite men be atin g a sl ave O n e o f them had ‘

. .
,

A fter a n u mber of protr ac te d an d violen t sc ourg hold o f a rop e which was p assed under the bottom
,
i n gs with short interv als between the sl ave die d
, ,
o f a f en ce ; the other en d was f astene d a ro u n d
under the l ash H arris was tried an d again .
, the neck of the sl ave who was thrown fl at o n ,

acqu itted bec au se none b u t bl acks sa w it done

, . the gro und on his f ace with his b ac k b ared , .
,

The s ame m an af ter wards whipped another sl ave The other was be atin g him f u rio usly wi th a
severely f or not doin g work to ple ase him A fter
, . l ar ge hickory .

rep e ated an d severe flo ggin gs i n qu ick s u cces A sl aveholder in Henrico Coun ty , Virgini a ,
 aves— F oo d
f
P rivation s o th S l 27
'

e .

had a sl ave w ho us ed f requ ently to work f or m y a ne gro m an p ut in prison , ch ar ged with h avin g
O n e m ornin g he c am e into the field with p ill age d som e p ack ages of goods , which he , as
’

f ather .

his b ack completely c u t up , an d m an gled f rom he ad m an of a bo at, received at Richm ond , to

his he ad to his heels T he m an was so st iff be delivered at L ynchb u r g The goods belon ged
. .

an d sore he co u ld sc arcely w alk This sam e to A B N ichols , of L iberty , B ed f ord Co u nty,

. . .

p erson got ofl e n de d with another of his sl aves, Virgini a He c am e to L ynchb u r g, an d desired

'

knocked him do wn , an d str uck out on e of his the j ail e r to perm it him to whip the ne gro , to m ake
eyes with a m aul The eyes of sever al of his him con fess, as there was n o p r oof again st him
. .

sl aves were inj ure d by sim il ar violence M r William s , ( I thin k th at is his n am e , ) a. .

In Richm ond , Vir gini a, a comp any occ upie d pio u s M ethodist m an , a gre at stickler f or l aw
as a dwellin g a l ar ge w arehou se They got an an d good order , prof essedly a gre at friend to the
. .

gy r w ith a ne ro l a d, one o f the ir sl aves , took bl ack m an , delivered the ne g

g ro into the h an ds o f
him into the cell ar, tie d his h ands with a rope , N ichols N ichols told m e th at he took the sl ave , .

b ored a hole thro u gh the floor, an d p assed the tie d his wrists to gether, then drew his arm s down
rop e u p thro u gh it Som e of the f amily drew u p the so f ar below hi s knees as to perm it a st aff to
.

boy , while others whippe d This they contin ued p ass above the arm s un der the knees , thereb y
.

u ntil the boy died

'
I he w arehou se was owned pl acin g the slave in a sit uation th at he coul d not
.

b y a M r W hitlock , on the s e ite of on e f orm erly m ove h an d or f oot

. He then comm enced his .

owned by a M r Ph ilpot . bloody work , an d continu ed , at interv als , u ntil

Joseph Chilton , a resident of C ampb ell C o un ty, 5 0 0 blows were inflicte d I received this state . .

V ir gini a, p u rch ase d a quart of tanners oil , f or ment from N ichols himsel f, who was, by the way ,
’

the p u rpose , as he s aid , of p u ttin g i t on on e of a son of the l an d of steady hab its ” where there ,

hs i ne g s he ads , th at he had som etim e previo u s are m any like him , if we m ay j ud ge from their
ro ’

pitched or ta rre d over , for r u nnin g aw ay writin gs , sayin gs, an d doin gs . .

I n the town of Lyn chb ur g, Vir gini a, there was

P RI V A T I ON S O F T H E S LA V E S .

I FO O D . . 1
an d fl o g an d b r and them p ut them in 1rons or ,

W E be gin with the f ood of the sl aves b ec au se , the stocks c an overwork them deprive the m o f
,
.
,

if they are ill tre ate d in this respect we m ay be sleep l acerate their b acks m ake them work with
, ,

s ure th at they wil l be ill tre ated in other respects , ou t clothin

g an d sleep witho u t coverin g
, .

an d generally i n a gre ater de gree F or a m an . O ther cr u elties m ay be perpetr ate d in hot

h abit u ally to stint his dependents in their f ood is , blood an d the ac t re grette d as soon as done — the
the extrem e o f m e anness an d cr uelty an d the , f eelin g th at prom pts them is n ot a perm anent
re atest evidence he c an give of u tter in diff e r st ate of m ind b ut a v iolent im p u lse st un g up by
g ,

ence to their com fort The f ather who stints his. s u dden provoc ation B u t he who h abit u all y
.

chil dren or domestics or the m aster his ap p ren

,
.
withholds fro m his dependents sufli c ien t s u ste
tices or the em ployer his l aborers or the ofii c e r
, , n ance c an ple ad no s u ch p alli ation The f act
, .

his soldiers or the c apt ain his crew when able

, , itsel f shows th at his perm anent st ate of m ind
,

to f urnish the m wi th suflic ie n t f ood is every '

, tow ard them is a br ut al in diff erence to the ir

w ants an d s uff erin gs—A state of min d which
_

where looked u p on as u n f eelin g an d cru el All .

m ankind agree to c all s uch a ch a racter inh u m a n . wi l l n at ur all y necessar ily show itsel f i n inn u
, ,
.

I f an y thin g c an move a h ard he art it is the ap m erab l e priv ations an d in fl ic tion s u pon them
’

, ,

p e al of h un ger T he Arab robber whose whole

. when it c an b e done with imp u nity .

li f e is a prowl f or pl u nder will f reely divide his , I f there f ore we fin d upon ex am in ation th at
, , ,

c amel s milk with the h u n gry str an ger who h alts

’
the sl aveholders do not f urnish their sl aves with
at his tent door tho u gh he m ay h ave j u st w ayl ai d
,
s ufficient foo d an d do th u s h abitu ally inflict u pon
,

him an d stripped him of his m oney E ven s av a . them the p ain of h u n ger we h ave a cl u e furnish , .

ge s t ake pity on h u n ger W h o ever went f am . e d to their tre atment in other respects an d m ay ,

ishin g trom an Indi an s W i gw am As m u ch as ’

. f airly in fer h abitual an d severe priv ations an d in
h un ger cr aves is the In di an s free gi ft even
,
’
fl ic tion s ; not merely f rom the f act th at m en are
to an enem y The necessity for f ood i s such a
. qu ick to fee l for those who suff e r f rom h un ger ,

u nivers al w ant so const ant m ani f est an d impe

, , . an d perh aps m ore re ady to relieve th a t w ant

rativ e th at the he art i s m ore tou che d with pity

, th an an y other ; b ut also bec au se it is m ore for ,

by the ple a o f h un ger an d m ore re ady to s u pply

,
the interest of the sl aveholder to s upply th at
th at w ant th an an y other He who c an h abitu . w ant th an an y other ; consequ ently if the sl ave ,

suff e r i n t his respect he m u st as the

ally inflict on others the p ai n of h u n ge r b y giv gener al rule
, ,

in g them ins ufficient f ood c an h abit ually inflict , s uff er m ore in othe rre sp e c ts .

on them an y other p ai n He c an k ic k an d c uff . We now proceed to sho w th at the sl aves have

 the Sl aves—F ood
f
P rivation s o .

ifl S Uffi C ien t foO dT his W ill b e shown first from an d b y the testim ony of sl aveholders an d others ,

the express decl ar ations of sl av eholders an d other the k in d qu an tity an d qual ity of t heir allowan c e , , , ,

co m petent witnesses who are or h ave been resi will b e given an d the re ader le f t to j ud ge for , ,

dents of sl ave st ates th at the sl aves gener ally are him sel f whether the slave m ust n ot b e a s uff erer
,
.

u n den f e d And then by the l aws of sl ave st ates

. , ,

T HE S L AVE S S UFFER FR O M HU N GE R— DE C L ARAT I ON S OF S L AVE H OL DER S '

AND O THER S

wi rs s sss s . rs srm om r
r .

Hon A lexan de r S m y th. a sl ave hold By confinin g the sl aves to the S ou thern states where c rO p s
.

w d
,

ig igg
ghd
u l
m i irgi
i
iiiifin are r a ise d for export ation an d bre ad an d me at are p u rch ased
l
é i ’
h e , ,

on the Missouri q uestion . J an 28 m, y ou doom them to sc arc ity an d hun ger It is proposed to hem in .

1 820 . the b l acks where they are I LL FED ” .

tq
s ég éh
m gg
és
s a
n d
fi
G
h
f
i r
eorge
é
p u b lished in
l e te r,
l c
eorg a, ust
i
f it ‘l n
g
j
M y b lood has frequently cold within me to thi nk how ru n
m an y of yo ur sl aves have n ot sufli c ien tf ood to eat they are sc are d )
,
:

”
.

hun dre d y e ars ago, 1 739 d

p e rm 1 t to p i c k up the c ru m bs th at f all f rom the ir m ster s t able
’

on e .
t e a ,
.

Re“ 3 0 11 " an k n , O f Rip ‘ R

eYa O hifl a a i Thou sands of the sl aves are pressed with the gn awin gs of
v f
n ati e o f T en n e sse e, an d or om e y e a
’
s rs cr uel h un ger du rm g the ! ? W hO IC l l V C S n
r
a p e ac he in s ave tates r l s .
.

Spe akin g of the condition of sl aves i n the e astern p art of

,

Rp e o t of the r Em an cip ation Gradual

S oc i ety , of orth C arol in a, 1 826 N
S i 11 .

cd Moses S wain , P residen t, an d 11

liam Swain , S ecretary .

the t i me ” .

On lmost every pl ant ation the h ands s uff er m ore or less

a ,

Mr A sa A
. . S ton e, 3 T heol ogic a l f rom h un ger at some se asons o f almost every ye ar There is .

S tud en t, who resi ded atc he z ,

r N '

a lw ays a good d ea l of sufi erin O n m any pl ant a

n ea
g from h u n ger .

Miss , in 1 834 5 .

tions an d p artic ul arly in L o u isi an a the sl aves are in a condition

, ,
”
of a l m ost u tter f am ishm en t d u rin
g a gre at portion o f the ye ar
,
.

T hom as C l ay , Esq
'

, of G eorg] a, a From v ariou s c au ses this [ the sl ave s allow ance o f food ] is ’

S lavehold er ”
f
o ten not adequ ate to the s upport of a l aborin
g m an
.

M r T ob ias
. B oudi n ot S t A lb an s ,
.
, The sl aves down the M ississippi are half starved the bo ats -
,
m em b er of the M eth dist
, ,
O hio, 9 o
when they stop at ni ght are constantly b o ar d ed by sl aves be ggin g
.

C hu rc h . Mr B f or som e y ears n avi

. . , ,

gated the Mississip p i . f or som eth in g to e at ” .

Preside t Ed a ds the y oun ge ia a

n wr r The sl av are s uppl i ed Wi th b arely enou gh to k eep them
c ie ty , 1 7 9 1 .
r
se rm on b e f o e the c n “ A b oli tio i S e a . i f rom starv i n
g
e
? .

Rev Horace M on k “ , M ethOdiS‘ As su ff er

gener al
th i n g on the pl antations the sl aves ex
' 3 a
M ass , who
,
C lergy m an of M arl b oro
’

lived fi ve y ears in G eorgia trem el y for the w ant of f ood .

Rev G eorge B ourn e l ate e ditor of ,

who
.

the Prote stan t V in di c ator N Y

The sl aves are deprive d of n eed u l f s usten ance
.
, .
,
was seve n y e ars p astor of a churc h in
.

Virgin i a .

2 . x m n s or F OO D .

The s ubsistence of the sl ave s consists from M arch until ,

u gu st of corn gro u nd into grits

,
or me al m a de in to wh at i s , ,

HQH Rob ef P um b u“ a §1av eh0 1d c alled hom in y or b ake d into c orn bre ad The other six m onths
wn
,
,
. ,
” ‘C harl es S outh c am l m a
r 0 ’
'

they are fe d u pon the sweet pot atoe M e at , when given is only . ,

b y way o f in d l
u ge n c e rf a
o vor
”
.

Mr o e“, O l ip p f P lw The f ood o f the sl aves was generally cor n b re ad an d some

g fi
1316 3 21 ? ta,
5
.
.
,
v
B e a e r( 3O ’ e n n ’ W 1 0 rosl“e I l l
. . 18 “

ti m es me at or mol asses .

sissip p i, in 1 83C r7 .

R eu b en G M ac y m em b er O f the
a The sl aves had no food allo wed them b esides co n r , except .

l héhihdg
fr
‘
d 'l d h ’ N Y ’ W ho ”
ldidh dd
s t
in gat Christm as when they had bee f
ds
° °
.
,
r r s o

M r W illiam L e ftwi c h, a n ative of

’

was
w
V irgin ia, an d rece n tl y of M ad i so n C o , .

O n m y un cqe s pl antation , the f ood

i
of the 8 13373 5 ,
w b r of the F reshy
Qiiifi iih 132ifll 8131
”
, 0 .
pone an d a sm all allowance of me t a .
 f
P rivation s o the S l aves— F ood . 29

W I L LI A M L am ) E sq of M inot M e presi dent , .

, ,
.
, Gener al W ade H ampton of S ou th C arol in a an d , ,

o f the Americ a n Pe ace S ociety an d f ormerly a ,

t ask me to write out for y ou the circ u mstances of
sl aveholder of Flori d a gives the f ollowin g tes ti the c ase — conside rin g them well c alc u l ated to
,
ill ustr ate two points in the history of sl avery
mony as to the allow ance of f ood to sl aves .
1 st T h at the h abit o f sl aveholdin g dre ad fu lly
,

The u s ual f ood of the sl aves was c or n with ,

bl unts the f eelin gs tow ard the sl ave prod u cin g ,

a modic u m o f s alt I n some c ases the m aster . s u ch insensibil ity th at hi s suff erin gs an d de ath
allowe d n o s alt b ut the sl aves boiled the se a
,
are re garded with indi fference 2 d That the .
,

w ater for salt i n their l ittle pots For abo ut .

sl ave o f ten has insufficie nt f ood both in qu antity ,

ei ght d ays ne ar Christm as 1 e from the S at ur , . .

an d qu ality .
,

d ay evenin g be fore to the M ond ay evenin g af ter ,

I receive d my in form ation f rom a l ady in the
C hristm as d ay they were allowed some m eat
, . west of hi gh respect ability an d gre at moral worth ,

T hey alw ays with on e sin gle exception gro u n d -

b u t think it best to withhold her n ame altho ugh ,

the ir cor n in a h and m ill an d cooke d their f ood -

,
the st atement was not m ade in confidence .

them selves .
“
M y i n form an t st ate d th at she sat at dinner
E xtr act of a l etter from Rev D C E A S T M AN . . .
,
once in comp any with Gener al W ade H amp ton ,

an d several others th at the convers ation tu rne d

a pre acher of the M e thodis t E piscop al ch urch
u pon the tre atment of their serv ants & c ; when
,
.
,
in F ayette c ou ty O hio n
, .
the Gener al u ndertook to entert ain the comp a ny
“
I n M arch 1 83 8 M r Thom as Larrim e r a
, , .
,
w i th the rel ation of an experim ent he had m ade
de acon o f the Presbyteri an ch u rch i n Bloomin g in the f eedin g of his sl aves on c otton see d He .

b u ry Fayette co u nty O hio M r G S F ullerton

, , , . . .
,
s aid th at he first m in gled on e f ourth cotton see d -

m erch ant an d member of the s ame chu rch

, ,
with three f ou rths corn on which they seeme d t o
-
,

an d M r Willi am A Ustick an elder of the

. .
, thrive toler ably well ; th at he then had me asu re d
s am e chu rch spent a ni ght with a M r Shep
, . o ut to them eq u al q uantities of e ach which did ,

not seem to prod u ce an y import ant ch an ge ; af .

terwards he incre ase d the qu antity of cotton seed

to three f o u rths m in gled with on e f ourth corn
-
,
-
,

an d then he decl ared with an o ath , th at they ,

‘

al l the sl aves in th at die d like rotten sheep I t i s b u t j u stice to the

As an ill u str ation of the inh u m an e xp eriments
s ometim es trie d u pon sl aves in respec t to the k in d
a y ear which was on , l ady to st ate th at she S poke of his con d u ct with
the u tm ost indi gn a tion ; an d she menti oned also
th at he received no c ou nten ance from the com
p any p resent b u t th at all seem e d to look at e ach
,
,
other with astonishment I give it to y ou j ust as I.

as wel l as the q uality an d qu antity of their f ood we , received it from one who was present an d whose ,

solicit the attention of the re a der to the testimony ch ar acter for ver acity is u nqu estion able .
m
"t of the l ate Gener al W ade H ampton of S ou th I t is proper to add th at I had previo u sly
,
formed an acq uaint ance with Dr VVithersp oon
C arolin a General H ampton was f or some
.
.
,

now of Al ab am a if alive ; whose f ormer resi

tim e com m ander in chie f of the army on the
,

dence was in Sou th C arol in a ; from who m I re

C an ad a fron tier d urin g the l as t war an d at the
. .

, c e ive d a p articu l ar acco u nt o f the m anner of

time of his de ath abo u t three ye ars since was , , f eedin g an d tre atin g sl aves on the pl antations o f
the l argest sl aveholder in the Unite d States The .
General Wade H amp ton an d others in the sa me ,

Gener al s testimon y is cont aine d in the followin g

’ p art of the St ate ; an d c ert ainly n o on e c ou ld
extr ac t o f a letter j u s t received from a distin listen to the recit al witho u t c oncl udin g th at s uch
,
m asters an d overseers as he describ e d m u st h ave
guishe d clergymen in the west extensively known ,
h earts like the nether m illstone The cotton .

b oth as a pre acher an d a writer His n ame is .

see d experiment I had he ard of be fore also as ,

with the exec u tive comm ittee of the A meric an h avin g been m ade in other p arts of the sou th ;
conseq uently I was prep are d to receive as tru e
.

Anti Slavery Society

- . ,

the ab ove st atement even if I had not been so

You re fer i n yo u r le tter to a statemen t m a de
,

well acq uain ted with the hi gh ch ar acter of my

to y ou while in this pl ace respectin g the l ate ,
inf orm ant ” .

2 . Q UA N T ITY o r s oon .

The le gal allow ance of food for sl aves in N orth C arolin a i s in the words of the l aw a quart , ,
”
o f corn per day S ee H aywood s M an ual 5 25 T he le gal allow ance in L o uisi an a is m ore a
,
.
, .
,

b arrel [ flou r b arrel ] of corn ( in the e ar ) or its eq u iv ale nt in other r ain an d a pint of s alt a month
g , ,
, .

In the other sl ave st ates the amou nt of food for the slaves is le f t to the option of the m aster .

W l T N ESS E S TE ST I MON Y .

T hos C l ay , Esq , of e orgi a, G l v

a sa e
week
. .

hol de r, in his add ress b ef ore the Georgia The qu ant i ty allowed by c u stom is a
p eek o f co m a
Presb ytery , 1 833 .

A sin gl e p eek of com a wee k , or the l ik e m easure of ric e , is

T he M ary l an d ourn al , an d J B alti the ordin ary q uantity o f provision for a hard wor k in g sl ave ; to -

more A dvertiser, M ay 30 , 1 788 . whi ch a sm all qu antity of m e at is occ asion all y , though rar el y .
”
ad ded .
 aves— F ood
f
P rivation s o the S l .

W fi -G i l e ES Q- i "?
gg
fli
eevg a n at Of T he
weekly allow anc e to grown sl aves on this pl antation
G e greSb y ten an
where I was best acqu ainte d , was on e p eek of c or n ” .
,

The u su al allow ance of f ood was on e quart of c orn a day ,

W m L add, former to a f ull t a sk h an d wit h a m odic u m of salt kin d m asters allo w

,
ly a“ d"
W ho‘ m F 10 m m"
ed a p ec k f c m week ; som e m sters all owe d no s alt
o o a a
”
.

M Exp osi
Efiy f gffifi ? £3
r
fi on f r n g 6 8 in me
The allow ance of
p rov1 s1on s f or the sl aves , 1 s on e
p eek of
N p er week
”
Southe rn S tates, " p ub lished in c orn in the grain
Jr
. .
, ,
e sey , 1 81 5 .

Rev Hr o ac e M oul ton a Methodist

" u
G eor 1 a
g th e p l an te rs g1 y e e ach sl ave on l y k a,I
o f M arl b oro , M ass , w
.

on e
C lergy m an ho In p ec

thei rgou rd se ed corn p er week W i th a sm all q uant i ty

‘

lived fi ve y ears in G eorgia . of s alt ” .

Mr C M F ac y , N t an u ck e , t M ass , the sl aves was three p ee k s of pot atoe a wee k

T he f ood of

who resided in
. . .

Georgi a in d ur i n g the pot ato se ason an d on e p ee k of c orn d ur i n g the re

o

1 890 .
, ,
”
m ain de r of the ye ar .

M L N Ehem m h C aulk m s, a m em b er O f T he su bsistence of the sl aves consists of seven quar ts of m eal

the B ap ti t s C hu c h r in rf ord W ate
or eight qu arts of sm al l rice f or on e wee k
,

who r N orth C arol in a ,

C on 11 , . esid ed in
,
el e v
en win ters .

W illiam S wlate
M
f P hi adel p hia,
é
e
p
’
an em in e n t in ister o the ocie !, of
F rien d s, who travel led e xten sivel in
R y A p eek f
o corn 1s the 1 r ( the sl aves ) m i serab le sub si stence for
,
the sl ave state s, on a el igious V isi week ”
'

a .

tation , sp eak in g of the su b sisten ce of

the sl aves, say s, in his p ub l ished
J r l
ou n a ,

T he l ate J ohn P arrish of P hil adelp hia , ,

an ot e r hi ghly resp e cted M in ister of
the oc iety of F rien ds w ho h ave” ? d
T hey allow them b ut on e p ec k of meal , for a whole wee k , 111
,
”
the S outh on a sim il ar m ission in some of the S o uthern states .

1 80 4 an d 5 s ay s in his Rem ark s on

,

,
,

th e slavery of B l ac k s

Their u sual al low ance of f ood was on e p e ek of corn per

'

1 3 3" I Ud week which was de alt out to them every first day of the wee k
g
rd N Y a
ffii f £ 5 E i g
é p i
“ e”3 w
'

M ,
, .
e h0
h m idg fig
e
d mg g
g ig
fi 8,
as s
They had nothin g allowe d them b esides the corn excep t on e ,
”
quarter of bee f at C hr stm as
1 .

The slaves are gener ally allow anced a pint o f corn me al

an d a s alt herrin g is the allow ance , or in lie u of the herrin g a
Rev (J S . . . R en sha w , of Q uin cy , Ill -i dab ” o f f at me at of abo u t the s am e v al u e I h ave kn o wn the
( the m umm y
.
'

Of a V 1 rg1n 1 an )
.

so ur m il k an d cl auber to b e served ou t to the h ands when there

, ,

was an ab undance of milk on the pl antation This is a l ux ury n ot .

”
o f ten ff orde d
a .

Testimony of M r George W West gate m ember of the Con gre gation al Chu rch of Quincy Illi
. . , , ,

nois Mr W has been en gaged in the low cou ntry trade for twelve ye ars more th an h al f of e ach
. . .
,

ye ar princip ally on the M ississippi an d its trib ut ary stre am s in the sou th western sl ave st ates
, ,
-
.

F ee din g is n ot sufi c ien t — let facts spe ak O n the co ast i e N atchez an d the G ul f of M exico ,
.
, . .
,

the allow ance was on e b arrel of e ars of corn an d a pint of s alt per month They m ay cook this i n ,
.

wh at m anner they ple ase b ut it m u st be done af ter d ark they h ave no day li ght to prep are it by ,
.
.

S ome fe wpl ante rs b ut only a fe w let them prep are their corn on S at urd ay af ternoon Pl anters
, , .
,

overseers an d ne groes h a ve told m e th at in p in c hin g times i e when corn i s hi gh they di d n ot

, , , , . .
,

ge t ne ar th at quantity In M is s I know some pl anters who allowed th eir h ands three an d a h al t

.
,

pounds of me at per week when i t was che ap M any prep are thei r corn on the S abb ath when they , .
,

are not worke d on th at day which however is frequ ently the c ase on Sugar plant ations There , .

are very m any m asters on the co ast” who will n ot s uffer their sl aves to come to the bo ats be ,
.

c ause they ste al mol asses to b arter for m e at ; i ndeed they generally tr ade more or less with stolen
property B u t it is impossible to find out wh at an d when as their articles of b arter are of s uch
. ,

trifling importance They would o ften com e on b oard our bo ats to b e g a bone an d wo ul d tell how
. ,

b adly they were fe d th at they were almost s tarve d m any a t im e I h ave se t up all ni ght to pre
, ,

vent them from ste alin g some thing to e at ” .

QUALIT Y o r soon 3 . .

H avin g ascert ained the k ind an d qu antity of f ood allo wed to the sl aves i t i s important to k no w ,

som ethin g o f its qu al ity th at we m ay j u d ge of the amo u nt of s u sten ance which it contains For,,
.

if their provisions are o f an in ferior q uality r in a d am age d st ate then , power to s ust ain l ab or
o , ,

m u st b e gre atly diminished .

W ITN ES S E S T E S T I MO NY . .

hom as l ay E sq ot G eorgi a in 111

adg ress to tC
'

;
to G eorgia f resb y te ry 1 854
, .

”
,

sp e ak in gof the q uali t of the cor d iver i There 1 9 f

o ten a df u h
e e er e .
y g
to the slaves say s , ,
32 P rivation s qf the Sl aves— F ood .

b re ad w ater ; he is occ asion ally an d for a lit

an d , ist who sho uld allow his l ab orers b ut six quart
, .

tle tim e only c onfine d to bre ad an d w ater ; th a t

,
an d
fi ve gil l s of c orn f or a wee k s p rovision s ? ’

is to the ord in ary d iet o f sl aves with thi s di ff er

, ,
.
F urther it appe ars in eviden ce th at the corn
, ,

ence in favor of the convict his bre ad is m a de for given to the sl aves is o ften d ef e c tive This the .
,

him where as the sl ave is f orced to pou nd or grind

,
re ader will recollect is the vol u nt ary testimony ,

his own corn an d m ake his own bre ad when ex ,

.
of Thom as Cl ay E sq the Geor i a pl anter whose
g , .
, ,

h anste d with toil . testi m ony is give n above When this i s the .

T he precedin g testim ony sh ows also th at , c ase the amo u nt of actual n utrim ent cont ained
,

”
vegeta bl es f or m gener ally no p art of the sl aves
’
.
in a p ee k of the gourd seed m ay not be m ore ,

allow ance The sol e f ood of the m aj ority i s c orn

. th an in five or fo ur or even three quarts of , ,

at every me al— from d ay to day

— f rom week to flin t corn ”
.

week— from month to m onth corn In Sou th ,

.
As a qu art of so uthern corn wei ghs at le ast
C arolin a Georgi a an d Florid a the swee t pot a
, , , five o u nces less th an a qu art of northern corn it ,

to is to a consider ab le extent s ubstit u te d f or requires little arithmetic to p erceive ; th at the ‘

, ,

corn durin g a p ar t of the ye ar . d aily allow ance of the sl ave f e d u pon th at kind
2 d The precedin g testim ony proves concl u
. o f corn wo u ld con tain abo u t on e third of a po u n d
,

sive l y th at the qu an tity of f ood gener ally allow

,
.
less n utriment th an thou gh his d aily r ation were
e d to a f ull grown fiel d h and is a pe ek of c orn a
-
-
, the s ame quantity of northe rn corn which wo u ld ,

week or a f r action over a qu art an d a gill of

, amou nt in a ye ar to m ore th an a h u nd re d an d
, ,

c om a d ay The le gal rat ion of N orth C arolin a

. twenty pou nds of h u m an s u sten ance ! which
is l e ss— l n L o u isi an a it is m ore O f th e sl ave . woul d f urnish the sl ave with his f ull allow ance
holders an d other w itnesses who give the f ore , o f a p ee k of c om a week f or two m onths ! I t is
goin g testim ony the re ader will perceive th at no , u nnecess ary to add th a t this di ff erence in the ,

on e testifies to a l ar er allow ance of corn th an a wei ght of the two kinds of corn is an i tem too
g ,

p e e k for a week tho u gh a n u mber testi fy th at , import ant to b e overlooked As on e quart of the .

within the circle of their knowled ge seven quarts , sou thern corn wei ghs on e poun d an d eleven six -

was the u sual allow ance Freq uently a sm all . teen ths of a po und it f ollows th at it wo u ld b e ,
.

q uantity of me at is added ; b ut this as has al , abo u t on e po u nd an d sim e ighths of a pou n d We .

re ady been shown is n ot the gener al r ule for , n ow solicit the attention o f the re ader to the f ol

f iel d han ds We m ay add al so that in the sea lowin g u n animo us testim ony of the civilized
‘

- . , , ,

” ” ”
son of p um pkins c im b l in s c abb ages , , , world to the u tter insuffi ciency of this amo unt of
,

”
greens & c the sl aves on sm all pl ant ations
, .
, f ood to s u s tain h u m an bein gs u n der l abor This .

are to some e xtent f urn i shed with those articles

, , . testimony is to be fo u nd in the l aws of al l civil
N ow witho u t enterin g u pon the vexe d q ues
, ize d n a tions which re gul ate the ra tions of sol
,

tion of how m u ch f ood is necess ary to s ust ain the diers an d s ailors disb ursements m ade by govern ,
.

h um an system u nder severe toil an d exposure , ,

ments for the s upport of citizens in times of p ub
an d witho u t lic c al amity the all ow ance to convicts in prison s
givin g the opinions of physiolo gists ,

as to the ins uffi ciency or s uffi ciency of the sl aves &c We will be gin with the United S t ates
’
.
.

allow ance we affirm th at al l civilize d n ations

, The d aily r ation for e ach Unite d St ates soldier ’

h ave in al l ages an d in the most em ph ati c m an

, ,
est ablished b y ac t of Con gress M ay 3 0 1 7 9 6 , ,
.

ner decl ared th at eight qu arts of earn a week

, , , was the f ollowin g : on e pou nd of bee f one p oun d ,

( the u su al allow anc e of our sl aves ) i s u tterly in , o f bre ad h al f a gill of spirits ; an d at the r ate of
,

s uffi cien t to s u st ain the h u m an body u nder s u ch , on e qu art of s alt two qu arts of vine gar two , ,

toil an d expos u re as th at to which the sl aves are po u nds of soap an d on e po u n d of c andle s tr,
.

s ubjected . every hu ndre d rations T o those soldiers who .

T o sho wthis f ully it will be ne cessary to m ake ,

were on the f rontiers ” ( where the l abor an d ex ,

som e estim ates an d present som e st atistics osure were gre ater ) the r ation w as on e po un d
, .
p ,

A nd first the northern re ader m ust b e ar in m ind

, ,
two ou nces of b ee f an d on e poun d two o unces of
th at the corn f um ishe d to the s l aves at the so u th , b re ad L aws U S vol 3d se c 1 0 p 4 3 1
. . . .
, .
, . .

i s alm ost invari ably the white gou rd seed corn ,

A fter an experimen t of two ye ars the preced ,
.

an d th at a qu art of this k ind of corn wei hs five

g in g r ation b ein g fo u nd in suflic ien t i t was in ,
~

or six o u nces l ess th an a q u art o f flint corn ” “

,
cre ased by ac t of Con gress J uly 1 6 1 798 an d
, , , ,

the kind generally r aised i n the northern an d was as follows : beef one po und an d a q uarter ,

e astern st ates ; conse quently a p ee k of the corn bre ad o n e pou nd two o u nces salt two q uarts ,

gener all y given to the sl aves wo uld b e only ,

vine gar f ou r q uarts so ap f o ur pounds an d c an , ,
.

equ iv alen t to a f ra ction more th an six q uarts an d dl c s o n e an d a h al f po u nds to the h u ndred ra .

a pint o f the corn commonly r aised in the N e w

’

tions T he precedin g allow ance was afterw ard s

.

En gl and S t ates N ew York N e w Jersey , , , still f u rther incre as ed .

Now wh at wo ul d be s aid o f the n orthern c apit al

,
The p resen t dail y r ation forthe Uni te d S t ates '
 e S l aves—F ood
f
P rivation s o th . 33

soldiers is as we le arn from an advertisement of

, ,
-
In the Connectic ut State Prison on e pound ,

C apt ain Fulton of the United St ates; army in a , , of bee f on e po un d of bre a d

, two an d a h al f ,

l ate n u mber of the Richm ond (Va ) E nquirer as .

,
po unds of pot atos h al f a gill of molasses wi th , ,

f ollows : on e an d a qu arter po u n ds of bee f on e ,

s alt pepper an d vine gar
, , .

an d three s ixteenths po u nds of bre ad

- an d at the In the N e w York St ate Prison at A u b u rn , ,

r ate O f e ight quarts of bean s eight p ou n ds of ,

on e po u n d o f bee f twenty two o u nces of flour ,
-

sugar fo u r po u nds o f co ff ee
, tw o q u ar ts of s alt , , an d me al h al f a gill of mol asses ; wi th two
,

fo ur po u nds o f c andles an d f o ur po u nds o f so ap , , q u arts O f rye fo u r quarts of s alt two quarts of

, ,

to every h u ndred r ations . vine gar on e an d a hal f o u n ces of pepper an d

, ,

W e have b e fore us the d aily rations provide d

_
two an d a h alf b u shels of pot atos to every hun
f or the emi gr atin g O tt aw a Indi ans two ye ars ,
dred rations .

since an d f or the emi gr atin g Cherokees l ast f all

,
. In the N e w York S t ate Prison at Sin g Sin g ,

They were the s ame — on e po u nd of fresh bee f , on e po u nd of bee f ei hteen o u nce s of flo ur an d

g ,

on e p o u n d of flo u r & c , . me al besides pot atos rye co ff ee an d mol asses

, , ,
.

The d aily r ation for the United St ates n avy ’

,
I n the N c w York City Prison o n e po u n d of
,
,

is f o urteen o un ces of bre ad h al f a pou nd of bee f , , bee f one po und o f flou r ; an d three peeks of p o
,

six o u nces of pork three o u nces of rice t hree , , t atos to every h u ndred r at ions with other sm all ,

o u nces of pe as on e o u nce of cheese on e o u nce ,

articles .
,

of s ugar h al f an o u nce of tea one third O f a

, ,
- In the N e w Jersey S t ate Prison on e poun d '

of bre ad h al f a po u n d of bee f with pot atos an d

gill mol asses . , ,

The d aily r ation in the British army is on e an d c ab b age ( q uantity n ot sp e c ifie d ) one gill of
, ,

a q u arter po u n ds of bee f on e p o u n d O f bre ad & c , , . m ol asses an d a bowl o f m u sh for s upper

, .

The d aily r ation in the French army is on e I n the l ate W aln u t S treet Pri son Phil adel ,

po u nd of bee f on e an d a h alf po unds o f bre ad , ,

phi a one an d a h al f pou nds of bre ad an d me al
, ,

on e pint of wine & c ,

. h al f a p oun d of bee f on e pint of pot atos on e , ,

T he common d aily ration for f oot soldiers on gill o f m ol asses an d h al f a gill o f rye f or co ff ee
, , .

the continent is on e pou nd of m e at an d on e an d , , In the B altimore prison we believe the r ation ,

a h al f p ou nds o f bre a d . is the s ame with the precedin g .

The sea ration amon g the Portu guese has be , In the Pennsylv ani a E astern Penitenti ary on e ,

c om e the u s u al r ation i n the n avies of E u rope an po u n d of bre a d an d on e pint of co ff ee for bre ak

powers gen er ally I t i s as f ollows on e an d a . f ast one pint o f me at so up with pot atos withou t
, ,

h al f po unds of bisc uit on e po u n d of s alt me at , , limit for dinner an d m u sh an d mol asses for eup
, ,

on e p i n t of wine w ith some dried fish an d , p er .

onions ” . In t he Peni ten ti ary f or the District of Colum

P R I S O N RAT IO N s — B e f ore givin g the us u al . b ia W ashin gton city on e po un d of bee f twelve
, , ,

d aily r ations of foo d all owed to convicts in the , o unces of In di an m e al ten o unces of whe at flour , ,

princip al p risons in the Unite d S t ates we will ,

h al f a gill of m ol asses ; with two q u arts of rye ,

q u ote the testimony o f the Americ an Prison “

fo u r q u arts of s alt f o u r q u arts of V ine gar an d , ,

Discipline Society ” which is as follows , two an d a h alf b ushels of potatos to every hun
The common allow ance o f f ood in the pen i dred r ations .

ten tiarie s is equ iv alent to ON E P O U N D O F M EAT

, .
,
RAT I O N s I N E N G L IS H F amo us — The d aily ra
ON E P O U N D O F BREAD A N D ON E P O U N D O F VEGETA , tion of food in the Bed ford shire Peniten ti ary is ,

B LE S PER DAY l t v aries a little f rom this in some

. . tw o
p ou n d s of bread ; an d if at h ard l abor a ,

o f them b u t i t is generally eq u iv alent to it ”

, .
qu art of soup f or d in n er .

First Report of Am eric an Prison Disc ipline S o I n the C ambrid ge Co u nty Ho u se of Correction ,
'

clety p age 1 3
, . three po un ds of bre ad an d on e p int of beer , .

The d aily r ation of f ood to e ach convic t in the ,

In the M illb ank Gener al Penitenti ary one an d ,

princ ip al prison s i n this co u ntr y lb as f ollows ,

a h al f po u n ds of bre ad one p o u nd of pot atos six ,
,

In the N e w H ampshire S t ate Prison on e an d , ou nces of bee f with h al f a pint of broth there ,

a q uarter p o u nds o f me al an d f o u rteen o u nce s , f rom .

o f bee f for b reakf ast an d d in n er ; an d f o r sup

, I n the Glo u cester shire Penitenti ary one an d a ,

p e r a so u p or porrid ge of pot atos an d be ans or h al f po u nds o f bre ad three fo u rths of a pin t of -

, , ,

pe as the quan tity n ot l im ited

, . pe as m ade into so up with bee f q u antity not
, , ,

In the Verm on t prison the convicts are al ,

st ated Also gr uel m ade of ve getab les qu antity
.
, ,

lowed to e at as m u c h as they wish . not s tated an d on e an d a h al f o u nces of o atme al

,

I n the M ass ach u setts penitenti ary o n e an d a ’

,
mixed with it .

h al f pou nds of bre ad f ourteen o u nces of m e at , ,

I n the L e ices tershire Ho u se of Correcti on tw o ,

h al f a pint of pot atos , an d on e gill O f molasse s ,

po unds of bre ad an d three pints o f gruc l ; an d ,

or on e pint of m il k . when i n h ard lab or on e pin t of milk in additio n , ,

 P rivati on s f
o the S l aves— F ood .

an d twice a wee k a pin t of me at so u p at dinner ,

third o f this r ation for soldiers an d convicts in
inste ad of gr uel .
the Unite d St ates an d for soldiers an d s ailors i n
,

In the B u xton Ho u se of Correction o n e an d a ,

E urope is m ea t gener ally bee f ; where as the al
, , .

h al f po u nds of bre ad on e an d a h al f pints of ,

low ance of the m ass o f o ur sl aves is c om only ,
.

g r u el on e an d a h al f pints o f so u p fou n fi f ths of

, ,
F urther the convicts in our prisons are s heltered
,

a pou n d of pot atos an d two sevenths o f an o u nce - f rom the he at O f the sun an d f rom the damps o f ,
,

of bee f .
the e arly mornin g an d evenin g f rom cold r ain , , .

N otwithst andi n g the precedin g d aily r ation in the gre at body o f the sl aves are
th e B uxton Prison is abo u t dou ble the u s ual expose d to al l o f these in their se ason from day , ,

d ai l y allow ance o f ou r sl aves yet the visitin g ,

li ght till d ark ; besides this they l abor more ,

physici ans decided th at for those prisoners who ,

ho urs i n the day th an convicts as will be shown ,

were requ ire d to work the tre a d mill it was en ,

u n der an other he ad an d are obli ged to prep are ,

tire l y in sufi c ien t This q u estion was considere d .

an d cook their ow n f ood af ter they h ave finished

at len gth an d p u blicly disc u ssed at the sessions

,
the l abor of the day while the convicts h ave ,

o f the S u rry m agistr ates with the b enefit of ,

theirs prep are d for them These with other cir .
,

medic al advice ; which res u lte d in l arge addi “ c u m stan c es n ecess arily m ak e l ar ger an d lon ger
,

tions” to the r ations of those who worke d on the dr au ghts U pon the stren gt h o f the sl ave prod u ce ,

tre ad mill S ee L ondon M ornin g Chronicle

. ,
consequ ently gre ater exh au stion an d de m and a ,

J an . 1 3, 1 83 0 .
larger am ount of f ood to restore an d s u s tain the
To the precedin g we add the ra tion of the R0 ,
l aborer th an is req u ired b y the convict i n his
brie fer less expose d an d less exhau stin g toils
’

m an sl av es T he monthly allow ance of f ood to

.
, ,
.

slaves in Rom e w s c lle d D im ens m

a a u
”
T he .
Th a t the sl aveholders themselves re gard the
Dimensu m ” was an allow an ce of whe at or u s u al allow a nce of f ood to sl aves as ins uffi cient
,
,

o f other gr ain whic h consisted o f five m odii a

,
both i n kind an d q uantity f or h ard workin g men ,
-
,

mon th to e ach sl ave A insworth in his L atin is shown by the fac t th at in al l the sl ave st ate s , ,
,

Diction ary estim ates the modius when u se d f or ,

we believe witho u t exception white convicts at ,

the m e as u rement of gr ain at a p eak a n d a ha lf ,

h ard labor h ave a m uch l arger allow ance of food
,

o u r me as ure which would m ake the Rom an

,
th an the u s u al on e o f sl aves ; an d generally more
sl ave : s allow ance two qu arts of grain a day j u st
’
,
th an on e third of this d aily all ow ance is me at .

do ubl e the allow ance provide d for the sl ave by Thi s convi ction of sl aveholders shows i tsel f in
l awin N orth C arolin a an d six q uarts m ore per ,
v ario u s form s When persons wish to hire sl ave s
.

week th an the ordin ary allow ance o f sl aves i n to l abor on p u blic works in addition to the i n ,

the sl ave st ates gener ally as alr eady est ablished d u c e m e n t o f hi gh w ages hel d o ut to m as ters to
,

b y the testimony o f sl ave holders themsel ves .

hire out their sl aves the contr actors pled ge them ,

B ut it m u st b y no me ans b e overlooke d th at this selve s th at a cert ain am ou nt o f f ood sh all be

di m ensum ” or m on thl y allow ance was f ar from
, , given the sl aves t akin g c are to S peci fy a l arger
,

amo u nt th an the u s u al all ow an ce an d a p art of

bein g the sole allow ance of f ood to Rom an sl aves .
,

I n addition to this they had a st ate d dail y allow it m e at .

The f ollo win g advertisement i s an ill ustr ation

ance ( d iarium
) besi des a monthly allow ance of
.

”
m on ey amou ntin g to abo u t a cent a day
,
'

.
W e copy it f rom the D aily Geor gi an S av an
“
,

n ah De c 1 4 1 838
N ow witho u t further trenchin g on the re ader s
’
, .
, .

tim e we add comp are the prece din g d aily allow

, ,
.

W A N TED
N E GR O E S .

an c e s o f f ood to soldiers an d s ailors in this an d

The Contr actors u pon the Br u nswick an d Al
other co u ntries ; to convi cts i n this an d other atam aha C an al are desiro u s to hire a n umber o f
co u ntries ; to bodi es of emi gr ants ratione d at prime N e gro M en f rom the l st O ctober next for
,
.

p ublic expense ; an d fin ally wi th the fixe d al ,

fi fteen m onths u ntil the 1 st J an uary 1 84 0 They
, ,
.

low ance given to Rom an sl aves an d we find the ,

will p ay at the rate of ei ghteen doll ars per m onth
f or e ach prime h and
st ates of this Un ion the sl ave st ates as well as
.

,
These n e groes will be em ploye d in the e xe s
the f ree the Un i ted St a tes government the dif ’
, ,
v ation of the C an al They will be provided wi th .

fere n t E urope an governments the ol d Ro m an , three an d a half p ou n ds of p ork or b ac on an d ,

empire in fine we m ay ad d the worl d ancient

, , , ,
ten qu arts of gourd see d c orn p er wee k lod ge d in ,

an d modern u nitin g in the testimony th at to fo rtab l e sh antees an d attende d const antly by ,

,
a skil f ul physici an
fu rnish men at h ard l abor f rom d ayli ght till d ark
.

with b ut lbs of corn per day their sole s u ste J H CO UPE R . .

,

P M N i e i rri Nc AL z
.
,
. . .

n ance is to M URDER THE M BY PI E C E M EA L T he

,
-
.

re ader wil l perceive b y ex aminin g the pre ced in g B ut we h ave direct testim ony to this p oin t .

statistics th at the average dail y ra tion througho u t The l ate Hon John T aylor of C aroline C O Vir
.
,
. .

this co u ntry an d E urope exceeds the u s ual sl ave s ini f or m any ye ars Sen ator in Con gress an d
’
g a , ,

al lowan ce at l eas t a p ou n d a day ; also th at on e . for m any ye ars pre siden t of the A gric ult ural SO .
 P rivations o
f the S l aves— Lab or . 35

c ie ty of the
St ate s ays i n his “ A gric ult ur al Es , tr ansport ation hi gh prices & c & e n at urall y
, , . .
,
”
sa ys N O 3 0 p age 9 7 B READ A LON E O UGHT
, .
, ,
occ asion S hort an d o f ten prec ariou s allow ances .

N E VER T O B E C ON S I DERE D A S UF F I C I E NT DI E T F O R The f ollowin g extr act f rom a N e wO rle ans p aper
S L AVE S E X C EPT A S A P U N I S H M E NT
”
He urges upon . of April 2 6 1 837 aff ords an ill ustration
, The , .

the pl anters of Virgini a to give their sl aves in ad ,

writer in describin g the e ffects O f the m on ey
dition to bre ad salt me at an d ve get ables ” an d , , p ressure in M ississippi s ays : ,

adds we sh all be A ST ON I S HE D to discover up on

, T hey ( the planters ) are n ow le f t withou t
, ,

trial th at this gre at com f ort to them is a profit

,
provisions an d the m e an s of livin g an d u sin g their
to the m aster .
ind ustry for the present ye ar In this dilemm a
, .
,

The M an agers of the A m eri c an Prison Disci pl anters whose crops h ave been from 1 0 0 to 70 0
b ales find themselves force d to sacrific e m an y of
,
pline Society i n their third Report p age 5 8 say
, , , , their sl aves in order to get the c om m on n e c essaries
In the Pe nitenti aries gen eral l y in the United ,
f i
o l fe f or the s upport o f themselves an d the rest of

States the an im al food is eq ual to on e p ou n d of

, their ne groes I n m an y p l ac es heavy p l an ters
.
,

c om e l their sl av es to
m eat p er day for e a ch convict ” .
p fi sh f or the m ean s of su b
sisten c e. rather than sel l them a t su c h ruin ous
M ost of the actual suff erin gf rom h un ger on the
ra tes T he re are a t this m om en t TH O USA N D S
p art of the sl aves is In the sugar an d cotton grow
.

O F S L AV E S in M ississip p i, that KN O W N O T
-
,

in g re gion where the crops are exported an d the

, WH ERE T H E N EX T M O RS E L IS T O
corn gener ally p u rch ased f rom the U pp er co untry . C O M E FRO M T he m aster m ust b e ru in ed to
.

Where th i s is the c aSe there c an n ot b u t b e saf er save the w re tc hes f rom b ei n g STARV E D

The cont i n gencies of b ad crops , diffi c u l t

I I L AB O R. .

LAVE S A RE O VE RW O R K ED T HE S .

This is ab und antly p roved b y the n umber of ho urs th at the sl aves are ob li ged to b e i n the field .

B ut be fore f u rn ishin g testimony as to their ho urs O f l abor an d rest we wil l present the express de c l a ,

rations of slaveholders an d others th at the slaves are severely dri ven in the field
‘

, .

WI T N E SS E S .
TE STI MO NY .

M A N Y O W NE R S of sl aves an d others who h ave the m an age ” ,

.

T he Sen ate a nd H s ou e of rs R e p e en t m en t of sl aves do c on fi n e them so c l osel y a t hard l abor tha t they

,
atives of the S tate of S ou th C arolin a .
have n ot sufiic ien t ti m e f or n atural rest S ee 2 Brev ard s Di ~
.
’

gest of the L aws o f S o uth C arolin a ,

“
S O l aboriou s i s the t as k of r aisin g, b e atin g, an d cle ani n g
of C arol in —Vol i, p ag e ri ce , th at had it been possible to Obt ain Europe an servants i n
b
ns a .

Ie sufli c ie n t n u mbers , thousan ds an d ten s o thou san ds M U S T HAVE

”
f
PER HE D IS .

IS O b viou s th at the way to render their situation m ore

it n ot

c omf ortabl e i s to allow them to be t aken where there is n ot the

,

s ame m otive to force the sl ave to I N C E S S A N T T O I L th at there is i n

Hon A l exan der S my th, a sl av ehol d
.
the co u ntry where cotton s u gar an d tob acco are r aised for ex , ,
e r, an d m e m b e r of C on gress f rom V ir
in i a i hi s ee h n the
“
Missouri p ortation It i s propose d to hem in the bl acks where they are
.

g , n s p c o
q uestion ,” J an 28, 1 m . .
HARD W O R K E D th at they m ay be ren dered u nprod u ctive an d the
,

r ace b e prevented from incre asin g it if T he propose d .

m e asure woul d be E X TRE M E C RUE LTY to the bl acks .

Yo wo u ld
u if
doom them to HARD L AB O R
“ ”
.

“
T ravels in L oui si an a,” tran sl ated A t the rollin g O f s ugars an in te rv
J
,

F
f rom the rench b y ohn Davi es, Es q m onths they work b othn ight an d day
—age 81
.
.
,
P .
they sc arce re tire to rest d urin g the w
The work is admitted to b e severe for the h ands ; (slaves?)
T he W este rn Review, N o 2 —arti l
”
.
, c e requ i rin g when the process Is comm ence d to b e p u shed n ight
A gric ul ture of L ouisian a ”
d day
.

an .

W (J G ildersleeve Esq , a n ative of

,
O verwork ed
. . .

Georgia , el de r Of the P
resby terian I k now they ( the sl aves) are .
”
r
c hu c h, W il k esb arre, P en n .

here k nows overdrivin g to be on e of the most

Every b ody
Mr A sa A S ton e ,
. . a th eol ogic al stu
.

d en t, n ea r N atchez , M iss , in 1 834 an d c omm on occ u rrences the pl anters do not deny it except per
, , ,

1 835 . h aps to northerners ”

, .

D u rin g the cotton pickin g se ason they u sual ly l ab or in the

-

Philem on B liss E sq , a l awy er of field d uri n g the whole of the d ayli ght an d then spend a goo d
Ely ria, O hio, who
, .

,
l ived in Fl orida in
1834 an d 1835 .
p art of the ni ght in ginni n g an d b alin g T he l abor required is .

very fre qu ently ex cessive an d spee dily imp airs the c onsti tution ”
, .
 l — Lab or
f
P rivation s o the S aves .

WI T N E SS E S . TE S T IM ON Y .

A l l the p regn an t wome n even on the pl an tation an d we ak

R J
‘
Hon T um b ull of S ou th C arol i
. . .
, ,

"8 , a sl ave holder , sp e ak in g of me har an d s ic kl y ne groes inc ap able of other l abor are the n in r equi , .

v estin g of co tton , say s : ”

si tion .

H O UR S O F L AB O R A N D RE ST . .

It i s a gener al rul e on all re gul ar pl ant ations th at the sl av e s

A sa A S ton e , theologic al
,
studen t, a
cl assic al te ac he r n e ar atc he z , M iss N be in the field as soon as i t is l ight en ough f or them to see to
1 835 .
,
work an d rem ai n there u ntil it i s so dark tha t they c an n ot see ”
, .

It is the common r ule sl aves to be kept at work j if f or the

teen hours in the day an d i n the time o f pic k in cotton a certai n
M r C orn . e lius J ohn son , o
t F armi n g
‘ g ,

n u m ber of p o u nds is requ ired of e ach I f this amo u nt is n ot

ton , O hio , who l iv ed in M s is
is s ip p i a
.

pa tr an d 1 838 . bro ught in at ni ght the sl ave is whippe d an d the n umber o f, ,

po u nds l ackin g is adde d to the next d ay s j ob ; this course i s O ften ’

repe ate d f rom day to day ” .

It was c u stom ary for the overseers to c all out the gan gs
W C G ildersleeve Esq W l on g b ef ore d ay say thre e O clock in the winter while dress in g
,
’
, ,
. .
,
ba rre P en n,
.
, a n
g tive of G eorgia . out the crops ; s u ch work as co uld be done by fire li ht pitch
g (
p ine was ab und ant ) was provided ” , .

Mr W illi am L eftwi c h, ve of
a n ati
F rom dawn ti l l d ark the sl aves are requi re d to hen
.

V irgin i a an d son of a slave hol der— he ,

has recen tly rem oved to Delhi H am il work ”
, .

ton c oun ty O hi o .

Mr N ehem i ah C aulk in s W aterf ord

The sl aves are obli ge d to work f r om d a l i ht til l dark
, ,
.

a residen t in N orth C arol in a y g as

C on n .
,
,
”
e leven win ters lon g as they c an see
.
.

M r Eleaz ar Powel C hip p ew a B ea

.

The sl aves had to cook an d e at their bre ak fas t ahd b e in the

, ,

ve r c o un ty P e n n who l ived in Missis

,
.
, ”
sip p i in 1 836 an d 1 837 field by d a l
y gi ht an d con t in u
.
e the re til l d ar k , .

Phil em on B liss Esq a l awy e rin El y The sl aves com mence l abor by d a l i ht in the mornin g an d
y g
.
, ,
O hi o who resided in F lori da i n
,
ria
”
,
1 834 an d 1 835
,
do not le ave the field il
.
t l d ar k i n the evenin g .

”
Both i n su m mer an d winter the sl ave m u st b e in the fi el d by
T ravels in Louisi p age 87
an a,
thefi r st d awn in
g f
o d ay
”
.

The sl aves were m ade to work f rom as soon as they c ou l d

Mr en E H ry
m em b er of a . K n ap p ,
see in the m ornin g till a s l ate as they co u ld see at ni ht S ome
,

C hristian c hurc h in arm in gton , O hi o, F , g .

who lived i n Mississi pp i in 1 837 a nd times they were m ade to work till nine O clock at ni ght in s uch
’
,

work as they co ul d do as b urnin g cotton st alk s & c , , , .

A N ew O rle ans p aper d ated M arch ,

which is O f ten at a dist ance of on e two an d ,

s ays : T o j u d ge f rom the a ctivity rei gn i n g I n

“
the cotton presses of the s ub urbs of S t M ary
an d the l a te hou rs d urin g which their sl aves
work the cotton tr ade was never more brisk
,
M r G E O RG E W W E S TGATE a member of the
. .
Con gre gation al Church at Qu incy Illinois who
sometimes thre e miles ; also the time necess ary
. ,
f or p o u ndin g or grindin g their co rn an d prep ar
, ,
in g over ni ght their f ood f or the next d ay als o
”
.
, ,
the prep ar ation O f tools getti ng f u el an d prep ar
,
,
in g it m akin g fires an d coo k in g their s uppers if
, ,
, ,

live d in the sou th western sl ave st ates a n um they h ave an y the occ asion al mendin g an d w ash
,

ber of ye ars s ays The sl aves are driven to the , ,

in g of the ir clothes & c Besides this as every , .
,

field in the mornin g abou t f our o c l oc k the gene ’

, on e k nows who has lived on a so u thern pl ant a
ral c alc ul ation is to ge t them at work by day
ti on m any little erran ds an d c hor e s are to b e
.

,
li ght the tim e for bre ak fast is between n ine an d
b ite done f or their m asters an d mistresses ol d an d
te n o clock this me al is some tim es e aten
’ ,
,

an d w or k others allow fi f teen minu tes an d this

,
’
,
yo u n g which h ave acc u m ul ate d d urin g the day
,

is the only rest the slave has while in the field . an d been kept i n reserve till the sl aves ret u rn

I h ave never kn own a c ase of stoppin g an ho ur , f rom the field at ni gh t To this we m ay add t hat .

in L ou isi an a ; in M ississipp i the r ule i s milder ,

the sl aves are soc ial bein gs an d th at durin g the ,
tho ugh entirely s ubj ec t to the will O f the m aster .

day silence is gener ally en f orced by the whip O f

O n cotton pl ant ations in cotton pickin gtime th at
,
, ,

i s f rom O ctober to Christm as e ach h an d has a ,

the overseer or driver * When they ret urn at .

cert ain q uantity to pick an d is flo gge d if his t ask ,

ni ght their pent up soci al f eelin gs will see k vent
, ,

is not a ccomplished ; their t asks are s uch as to it i s a l aw O f n at u re an d though the body m ay ,

keep them al l the wh ile b us y ” .

be gre atly worn w ith toil this l aw c anno t b e ,

T he prece din g testimony u nder this he ad has wholly stifled Sh are rs of the s ame woes they .
'
,

so le re ference to the actual l ab or of ther sl av es i n are dr aw n to gether by stron g affi nitie s, an d see k
In order to determine howm any ho urs
i

the fiel d .

at they "re "m suff e red ‘ 0 3P M "

are le f t for sleep w e m il st t ake into the acco u nt ; W do “0 ‘m ean th
e ,

b ut, t hat, as con versation wo uld b e a hi n d ran c e to l ab o r,

,

the time spe nt in goin g to an d f rom the field , they are gen er ally p erm itted to in d ulge in it b ut li ttl e .
 f
o the S l aves— Lab or .

the society an d sym p athy of the ir fellows e ven of the s ame day Mr B had spent a cou ple of , . .

tire d n at u re ” will j oy f ully f ore o for a tim e hours with Hon Henry Cl ay at his residence
g .
, ,

need ful rest to minister to a w ant of its bein g

, ne ar L exin gton M r B im ey rem arked th at . . ,

equ ally perm anent an d imperative as the w ant of M r Cl ay had j u s t told him he had l ately been
.
,

sleep an d as m u ch more pro fo u nd as the ye arn

, ,
le d to m istr ust cert ain estim ates as to the in
in gs o f the hi gher n ature s urp ass the instincts of cre ase o f the sl ave pop u l ation in the f ar so uth
its anim al appe nd age . west — e stim ates which he had presented I think , ,

A l l these thin gs m ake dr af ts u pon tim e To . i n a speech be fore the Coloniz ation Society He .

show ho w m u ch of the sl ave s tim e which is ab n o w believed th at the births am on

g the sl aves in
’
.
, ,

sol ute l
y indispens able f or rest an d sleep is n e c e s , th at qu arter were n ot equ al to the d eaths— an d
s aril
y spent in vario u s l abors af ter his ret u rn f rom th at of co u rse the sl ave pop u l ation in dependent
, , ,

the field at ni ght we s ubj oin a fe w test imonies , . of imm i r ation f rom the
g sl ave sel l in g st ates -
,

M r C O R N E L I US J O H N S O N Farmin gton O hio

.
, , ,
was n ot sustain in g itself .

who live d i n M ississipp i in the ye ars 1 83 7 an d 3 8 , A mon g other f acts st ate d by M r Cl ay was .
,

says the f ollowin g which we copy verb atim f rom the ,

O n al l the pl ant ation s where I was acqu aint . ori gin al m em or and u m m ade at the tim e by Mr ,
.

ed the sl aves were kept in the fiel d till d ark af

, B i rney with w hich he has kindly furn ishe d us
,
.

ter which those who had to grin d the i r own corn

, ,

had th at to attend to get thei r s upper attend to

'

, ,
S ept 1 6 1 834 — H on H Cl ay in a conver
.
, . . .
,

other family aff airs of their own an d of their m as s ation at his own hou se on the subj ect of sl ave ,

ter s u ch as brin gin g w ater w as hin g clothes & c

, , , .
ry in f orm e d m e th at Hon O u te rb ridge Horsey
, , . ,

& c an d be in t he field as soon as it was s u fh

.
f orm erly a sen ator in C on gress f rom the st ate of
Del aware an d the owner o f a s ugar pl ant ati on
,

c ie n tl li
y g ht to commence w ork i n the mornin g
”
. ,

M r G E O RG E W W E S TGATE of Q u incy I llin ois i n L o uisi an a d e c l rae d to him th at his overseer

, ,

worked his h ands so closely th at on e of the we

. .
, , ,

who has spent several ye ars in the sou th western men bro u ght f orth a child whilst en gage d i n the
,

slave st ates says , l abors of the field .

Their time af ter f ull d ark u nti l f ou r o clock Also th at a f ew ye ars s nce he was at a brick
’
, i
, ,
in the mornin g is their own this f ac t alone y ard i n the environs of N e w O rle ans i n which ,
woul d seem to say they h ave su ffi cient rest b u t , on e h u ndred h ands were employed ; am ong them
there are other thin gs to be considered ; m u ch o f were from twen ty to thirty y ou n g wom en in the ,
their m akin g men din g an d w ashin g of clothes
, , prime of li fe He was tol d by the proprietor th at
.
,
prep arin g an d cooki n g f ood h au lin g an d chop , there had n ot b een a c hil d born am on g them f or
pin g wood fixin g an d prep arin g tools an d a v a the l ast t wo or three al though they al l had
y e ars,
, ,

rie ty of little n ame less j obs m u st be done between ”

”
hu sb an ds .

those ho s u r
The prece din g testim ony of M r Cl ay is
.

.
,
P H I L E M ON B L I S S E sq of E ly ri a O hio who re
stron gly corroborate d by advertisements of
.
, , ,

sided in Florid a in 1 834 an d 5 gives the f ollow ,

sl aves by Co u rts of Prob ate an d by e xec utors
, ,
in g testim ony
adm i ni sterin g u p on the esta tes of dece ase d per
A f ter h avin g finishe d their field l abors they ,
son s S om e of the se advertisem ents for the s ale
are occ u pied till nine or ten o clock in doin g
’ .

o f sl aves cont ain the n am es ages acc u stom ed

c hore s su c h as grindin g corn
, (as al l the corn in ,
, , ,

the vi c inity is grou nd by h and ) chopp in g wood , ,

em ploym ent & c of al l the sl aves u pon the ,
.
,

t akin g c are of horses m u les & c an d a thou san d , , ., pl ant ation of the dece ased These c at alo gu e s .

thin gs necessary to be done on a l ar ge pl ant ation .

sho w l ar ge n u mbers of yo un g m en an d women ,

I f an y e xtr a j ob is to be done it m u st not h inder

alm ost al l o f them between twenty an d thirty
,

the ni ggers f rom their work b u t m u st be

‘ ’
,

do n e i n the ni ght ”
.
e i ght ye ars ol d ; an d yet the n u mber of yo u n g
chil dren is aston ishin gl y sm al l We h ave l ai d .

l V C G I L DER S L E EVE E sq a n ative of Geor gi a

. .
, .
, ,
aside m any lists of thi s kind in looki n g over the ,
an elder of the Presbyteri a n C h urch a t Wilkes
newsp apers of the sl aveholdin g states ; b ut the
b arre s ays ,
two f ollowin g are al l we c an l ay our h ands on
The corn is grou nd in a han dm il l by the sl ave
af ter his task i s d on e— gener ally there is b ut one
at present O n e is i n the Pl anter s I n tel l igen
.
’ ‘

mill on a pl ant ation an d as b ut on e c an grind at ,

cer ” A lex andri a La M arch 2 2 1 837 cont ain
, ,
.
, , ,

a tim e the m ill is goin g som etimes very l ate at

, in g on e h u ndre d an d thir ty sl aves ; an d the other
i gh in the N e wO rle ans Bee a fe w d ays l ater A pril
7,
n t .
, ,

We now present another cl ass of facts an d tes 8 1 837 cont ainin g fi fty—
, ,
one sl aves The for .
.

time ny showin g th at the sl aves en gaged in

, m er is a Prob ate s ale ” of the sl aves belon gin g
r aisin g the l ar ge st aples are overwork ed , . to the est ate o f M r Ch arles S L ee dece ased . .
, ,

In S eptem ber 1 834 the writer of this had an an d is advertised by G W Keeton J u d e of the
, , g . .
,

intervie wwith JA M E S G B I R N E Y E sq who then .

,
.
, P arish of C oncordi a La The se x n am e an d , .
, ,

resided i n Kent u cky h avin g rem ove d with his

-
, a e o f e ach sl ave are cont aine d in the a dvertise
g
f am ily f rom Al ab am a the ye ar be f ore A fe w . ment which fills two col um ns T he f ollowin g
, .

hou rs b e fore th at inte rview an d on the morning , are som e of the p ar tic u l ars .
38 f
P rivation s o the S l aves— gaine r .

The whole n um b er of sl aves is on e hu n dred decre ase of pop u l ation i s n ot confined to the far ,

an d thirt O f these on l th re e a re over f orty so u th an d so u th west

y y
-
. .
,

y ears ol d There are thirty fi ve f em al es between

. I he ard of a n estate m an aged by an ind ivid
-

the ages of six teen an d thirty three an d yet there u al who was consi d ere d as sin gu larly s u ccessful
-
, ,

an d who was able to overn the sl aves witho u t

are only TH I RTE E N children u nde r the age o f g
the u se o f the whip I was anxio us to se e him .
,
thirte en y e a rs
an d tr u ste d th at some discovery had been m ade
I t is im poss ible s atis f actorily to acco u nt for f avor able to h um anity I asked h im how he .

s uc h a f act o n an
y other s upposition th an th at was ab le to dispense with corpor al p u nishm ent
, , .

thes e thir ty fi ve f em ales were so overworked or He replie d to m e wi th a very determ ine d look
-
, , .

u n d e r f e d o r both as to prevent child be arin g

, ,
The sl aves know th at the work m ust be done -
. ,

an d th at it is better to do it w itho u t p u nishment

The other a dvertisem ent is th at of a Prob ate th an with it I n other words the cert ainty an d ’
.
,
”
sale , ordere d by the Co u r t of the Parish of J e f dre ad of ch astisem ent were so impressed on .

f c rson — in cl u din g the sl aves o f M r Wi lli a m them th at they never inc u rred i t .
, .

G orml ey T he whole n u mber of sl aves i s fi f ty

.
I then fo u nd th at the sl aves on this w ell “

m an age d est ate dec rea se d i n n u mber I aske d

on e ; the se x age an d acc u stom e d l abors o f
, ,
,
.

the c au se He replied with per fect frankness .

,
e ach are given The oldest o f these sl aves is b ut an d e ase The an is n ot l ar e enou h for the
.

g g g g ,
thir ty n in e y e ars ol d of the f em ales thirtee n are est ate
-
In other words they were not eq u al to , .
’
,

bet ween the ages of sixteen an d th irty two an d the work o f the pl ant ation an d yet were m ad e to -
, ,

the oldest f em ale is b u t thirty eight— an d yet do it thou gh with the cert ainty of abrid gin g l ife
’

- , .

t here are b ut two c hil d ren u n der eight y ears O n this pl ant at ion the h u ts were un c o m
ol d
m o u ly convenient There w as an u n u s u al a ir .

o f ne atness A superfici al observer wo ul d h ave .

A nother proo f th at the sl aves in the sou th c alle d the slaves h appy Yet they were livin g .

western states are over worked is the f act th at u nder a severe s ubd uin g discipline a n d were
-
, , , ,

so f e w o f the m live to o l d a e
g A l arge m ajori o v e n w o r k e d to a de gre e.
th at s h or te n e d l ife
”
.

C ha n n in on S l ave r p a e 1 62 first edition

t of them are ol d at m iddl e age an d f e w live g y g , , .

y ,
P H I L E M ON B u ss E sq a l awyer of E lyri a O hio
beyond fi f ty fi ve I n on e of the precedin g ad
- .
, .
, , ,

v e rtise m e n ts o u t of on e h u ndre d an d thirty who spe nt some tim e in Florid a gives the fol ,
,
lowin g testimony t o the over workin g o f the
sl aves ,
only three are over forty ye ars old ! I n -

sl av es :
the o ther ou t of fi ftyn on e sl aves only two are
, ,
I t i s n ot u ncom m on fo r h an ds in h u rryi n g
over thirty fi ve the oldest is b u t thirty nine an d tim es besi de workin al l da to l abor h al f the
-
-
,
,

g y
the way i n which he i s desi gn ated in the adve r ni ht T his is u sually the c ase on s u ar pl ant a
, ,

g g .

tise m en t is an a ddi tion al proo f th a t wh at to t ions d u rin

g the s ugar b oilin g se ason ; an d on
-
, , ,

others is m i d dle age ” is to the sl aves in the cotton d urin g its gatheri n g Besi de the re gul ar
“
, , .

so uth west ol d age

-
he is advertised as ol d t ask of pi ckin g cotton aver agin g o f the short “ ,

st aple when the crop is

g ood 1 0 0 po und s a day
Je ff rey , ,

to the h an d the ginnin g ( e xtr ac t i n g the seed )

.

, ,
B u t the proo f th at the sl ave pop ul ation o f the an d b alin
g was done i n the ni ght S ai d M r . .

sou th west is so over worke d th at i t c annot sup p l y

-
-
to m e while conversin g u pon the c u s ,

its own waste does not rest u pon m ere in fer e m tom ary l abor of sl aves
, I work my ni ggers i n a ,

ti al evidence The A gric u lt u r

. a l Society of B a h u rryin g tim e till 1 1 or o clock at ni ght an d ’
,

h ave them u p by f o u r in the m ornin g

’

to n Ro uge La in its report p ublishe d in 1 82 9

.
.
, , , ,
Beside the com m on ind u cem ent the desire of ,
f urnishes a l abore d estim ate of th e amo u nt o f ex
gain to m ake a l ar ge crop the desire is incre as ed , ,

p e n diture necess arily inc urred in cond u ctin g a by th at spirit of

gamblin g so comm on at the ,

wel Lre gu l atc d su ga r estate ” I n this estim ate so uth I t is very comm on to be t on the issu e o f
.
, .

the ann ual net loss of sl aves over an d above the a crop A l ays a w ager th at f rom a given n u m
,
. .
,

ber o f h ands he will m ake m ore cotton th an B

s pply by prop agation is se down at T W O A N D A
u t ,
, .

T he w ager is accep ted an d then be gi n s the con o

HA L F PE R C E N T T he l ate H on Josi ah S John ,

test ; an d who be ars the b urden o f it ? H o w

. .

son a m ember of Con ress f rom L o u isi an a ad

g m any te ars y e a how m any broken constit u tions
~
, ,
, , ,

dresse d a letter to the Secret ary o f the United an d prem at u re de aths h ave been the e ff ect o f ,

S t ate s Tre as u ry in 1 830 cont ainin g a sim il ar this S pirit ? From the desper ate energy of p ur
’
, ,

estim ate app aren tly m ade with gre at c are an d pose with which the gambler p urs u es his obje ct
, ,
,

M a ny i tems in thi s f rom the p assions which the pr actice c alls into
goin g i nto m in u te details .

exercise we mi gh t conj ectu re m any S uch is .

e stim ate di ff er f rom the precedin g ; b u t the esti the fact I n M iddle Florid a a brok en win de d ,
-
.
,
m ate o f the ann u al d ecre ase of the sl aves on a ne ro is more common th an a b rok e n win d e d
g
'

pl ant ation was the s am e —T wo A N D A HA L F PER horse ; tho u gh u s u al ly when they are decl are d ,

C E NT ! u nso u n d o r when their constit ution is so broken ,

th at their recovery is desp aired o f they are ex

The f ollowin g testimony of Rev .

ported to N e w O rle ans to dr ag out the re m ai n .

,
NXNG of Boston who reside d som e
, , der o f their days in the c ane fie l d an d su gar -

gini a shows th at the over workin g

, ho use I wo u ld not insin uate th at al l pl ante rs
-
.

su c h an extent as to abrid ge li fe gam ble upon their creps b ut I mention th e

,
 ves— C l othin
f
P rivation s o the S l a
g .

twenty ne groes who in twenty ye ars sho uld h ave , l and Virgin i a an d G eorgi a the c onvic ts i n the ir
, , ,

d o ubled the n umber was re d u ce d to f ou r orfi ve

,
”
.
prisons are req uired to l abo r is on an aver age ,

I n conclu sion we add th at sl aveholders h ave , d urin g the ye ar b ut lit tle more th an N I N E n o r ms
i n the m ost p u blic an d emph atic m anner decl ared d aily Whe re as the l aws of So u th C arolin a
. ,

themselves guilty of b arb aro u s inh um anity tow ard permit the m aster to c omp el h is sl aves to wor k
their sl aves in ex actin g f rom them su ch l on g F I FTEE N no un s in the twenty f o u r i n s um mer -
, .

c on tin u e d d ail
y l ab or The L e gisl at u res of .
an d F O URTEE N i n the winter— which wo u l d be in
M aryl and Virgini a an d Georgi a h ave p asse d
, , winter f rom d aybre ak in the m ornin g u nti l f ou r
,

l aws providin g th at convicts i n their state prisons hou rs af ter s u n se t — See 2 Brev ard s Di gest 2 4 3 ’
. .

an d penitenti aries shal l be employed i n work ,

“
The other sl ave states except L o u isi an a h av e , ,

e ach d ay in the ye ar e xcep t S und ays n ot e x n o l aw s respe ctin

,
g the l abor o f sl aves c o n se ,
»

c ee d in
g e ight ho u rs in the m onths o f N ovember , , qu ently if the m aster sho u ld w ork his sl aves day
Decem ber an d J an u ary n in e ho urs in the, , an d ni ght witho ut sleep till they drop de ad he ,

months of Fchru sty an d O ctober an d ten ho urs , viol ates n o l aw

in the rest of the ye ar ” N ow c ontr ast thi s l egal .
T he l aw L ou isi an a provi des f or the sl aves
of
ex action of l abor f rom C ON VI C T S with the ex action b u t T W O A N D A HA LF n o un s in the twenty f o ur fo r -

from sl aves as establishe d b y the precedin tes

g rest 1” S ee l aw of L o u isi an a ac t of J uly 7 , .

tim e ny The re ader perceives th at the amo un t

.
1 80 6 M artin s Di gest 6 1 0— 1 2
,
’
. .

o f ti me in wh ich b
y the p rece din g l aws o f M ary
,

I II . C L O THI N G .

We propose to show un der this he ad th at the clothin g of the sl aves by ,

day , an d their coverin g by
n i ght are in adequate e ither for com fort or decency
, , .

T N E SS E S WI . TE S T IM ONY .

Hon T T B ouldin a sl ave hol der

. . .
,
-
, . he k n ewth at m an y ne groes had died f rom
M r B o u ldi n s aid
a nd m em b er of C on gress f rom V irgin ia
in a sp ee c h in C on gress F e b 1 6 1 835
,
expos ure to we ather , ” an d a dded , they are cl ad in a flim sy
w w w
.
, , .

”
f a b ric tha t il.l tu rn n e ither in d n or ate r .

Ge orge B uc han an B alti M D, of

The sl aves n ak ed an d st arve d of ten
.
,
f all victim s the
.

m ore m em b er of the A m erican P hil

, o , , to
so p hic al S oc iety in an oration at B al ti inclemencies of the we ather
m ore , J u ly 4 , 1 791
,

.
.

W m . S a e ry v of P hiladelp hia an
e m in en t M in iste S o c ie ty of r of the
We rode thro ugh m any rice sw amps where the bl acks were
F rie n ds, who wen t through the S outh ,

e rn states in 1 79 1 , o n a re li gious vi sit ; very n um erou s gre at droves of these poor sl aves work in g up to
, ,

after le avin g S avan n ah, G a , we fi n d .

the m iddle in w ater men an d women ne arly n ak ed ” .
,
the f oll ow in g e n try in his ourn al , 6 th, j
mon th, 28 , 1 791 .

In eve ry slave holdin g st ate m an y sl aves saf e r ex trem el y

Jh R Rip l y
-
, ,
O hi o,
n ati
Rev .

ve of T en n essee
o n an k in , of e , a
both while they l abor an d while they sleep f or wan t of c l othin g ,

to keep th em w arm ”
.

It i s shockin g to the feelin gs of h u m anity in tr avellin g ,

J ohn P arrish late , of Philad lp hi a e , 3

thro u gh som e of those st ates to se e those poor objects [ sl aves ]
especi al ly in the in cleme n t se ason in rags an d trem b l in g with
, , ,

highl y este e m ed m i n iste in the S oc e ty r i , ,

of rien ds, who t a el e d th ough the
F r v l r the co ld .
”

S outh in 1 804 .

They su ff er them both m ale ,

an d f em ale , to go withou t c l oth
”
in g at the a ge o f ten an d twelve y e ars
-
.

Re v P hi n eas S m ith
C en trc v il l e , A ll e The app arel o f th e sl aves is of the co arsest sort an d e x c ee d
,

j
.

gan y , C c , M r S has ust re

. N Y . . . .

in gl y d efi c ie n t i n q u antity I h ave b e e n on m any pl anta tions

,

turn ed f rom a r e side n c e of several

. ,

y e ars at the south, c hie fly in V irgin ia,

where children of ei ght an d ten ye ars old were in a state of ,

aves are in ge n e ral w

”
Loui si an a an d am on g the A m e ric an er e c t n u di t Sl re tc he dl y c l a d
.
p f y . .

settle rs in T exas .

They were allowe d two s uits o f clothes a ye ar viz one p air , .

o f trowsers with a shi rt or f rock o f osn ab u r gh for s u m me r

an d for wi nter one p air of trowsers an d a j ack e t o f ne gro cloth

, , ,
Wm L add , E sq , of M in ot, M ain e,
.

rece n tly a slavehol der in lori d a

.

F .
wi th a b aize shirt an d a p a i r of shoes S om c allowed h ats an d . ,

som e did not an d they w e re gener ally I believe allowe d o n e , .

bl anket in two ye ars G arments o f simil ar m ateri als were allow

.

e d the women .

A K p hy sic ian ,
en tu c k y
tin g in wri
the W e ste rn M e dic a e fo m e r, i n 1 8 3 6, lR r They are imp erf ec tl y c l othe d b oth s u m me r an d winter ”
on the d ise ases p ec ul iar to s a es, say s l v .
.
 P rivation s o
f the S l aves— C l othin g . 41

I was at H u ntsville Al b m in I f requ ently saw ,

a a a, 1 81 8 1 9 , -

Mr S tep hen E M al tb y , I n sp ec tor of

sl aves on an d aroun d the p ublic squ are with ha r dl y a rag of ,

c l othin g on them an d in a gre at m an y inst ances with b u t a sin gle

. .

r
p ovision s, S k e n e ate l es, Y N . .
,
who t e ,

s
sided om e ti me in A ab am a l .

g a rm ent both in s u mm er an d in winter ; gener ally the only bed .

ding o f the slaves was a bl an k et ” .

“
Their clothin g consisted of a p air of trowsers an d j acket
R eub en G . M ac y , H udson , N . Y
m ade of ne gro cloth The women a p ettico at a very short ’
,

F rie n d who
.

m e mb er o f th e S oc ie ty of
,
.
s,
resided in S outh C aro in l a, in 1 81 8 an d shor t gown an d n othin g el se the same kind of cloth ; some of
,
’
,

19 .
the wom en had an ol d p air o f shoes b ut they gen eral l y wen t ,
”
b a ef o t
r o .

Their clothi n g is o ften m ade by themselv es af ter ni ght ,

tho u gh som etimes assiste d by the ol d women who are no lon ger ,
M r L em uel S a in gton , of L an r
c aste
Pa ,
.

a n ati e of v ary l an d, an d f orm er

,
a ble to do o u t door work consequ ently it is h arsh an d u n c om
-

l y a sl a ve holder fortab l e And I h ave very f requently see n those who had n ot
.

”
a tt a ined the age o f twelve ye ars go n a k e d .

It is ve ry common to see the you n ger cl ass o f S l aves up to

ei ght or ten withou t an y c l othin g an d most gener ally the l abor ,
P hil em on B li E sq , a
ss , . lawy er in in g m en we a r n o shirts in the w arm se ason The perf ect n u di
who i ed in lv F lorida in .

E l y ri a, O hio ,
1 834 an d 35 .
ty o f the yo u n ger sl aves is so f ami li ar to the whites o f both
sexes th at they seem to witness i t wit h per fect i ndi ff erence
, .

I m ay add th at the age d an d f eeble o f ten sufi er f rom col d ”

'

R i h rdc a M ac y , a m em b er of the For be ddin g e ach sl ave was allowe d on e bl a n k et in which

F ri ds H Y , who N ,
S oc ie ty of en udson ,
has l i e d inv G eorgia
,
.
. .

they rolled themselves up I ex am ine d the ir hou ses b ut co u ld .

,

not find an y thin g like a be d .

every day si ght to se e wom en as well as m en with

I t is an ,

no other coverin g th a n a f e w fi l thy rags f asten ed ab ove the hip s ,

re achin g mi d w ay to the ankles I n ever k n ew an y k in d of cover .

W C . G ilder leeve Esq

. s , .
, W ilk esb arre, i n g f or the hea d given Children of both sexes f rom i n fancy to .

a n ative of G e orgi a
,
Pa , . .

ten ye ars are seen i n comp anies on the plantatio n s in a sta te of ,

p fer e c t n u di ty This was so common th at the most refined

.

”
an d deli c te beheld them
a u nm ove d .

Mr W illi am L ef twi c h,
. a n ative of The only beddin g of the sl aves gener ally consists of two ol d
V irgi n i a, n o wa m e m b e r of the Presb y ”
terian C hurc h, in De h , O h
l i io .
b l an k e ts .

Ad vertisements like the followin g f rom the
N e w O rle a ns Bee ” M ay 3 1 1 83 7 are com
mon in the sou thern p apers
1 0 D O LL ARS R E W AR D — Ran away the
We h ave b een acquain ted with the brother
, , ,
who has comm un ic ate d to y ou some facts th a t
f el l u n der his observ ation whilst in his n ative
. ,

, st ate ; he is a prof esse d follower of o ur L ord ,

an d we h av e
sl ave S OLO M ON abo u t 2 8 ye ars of age ; B AD L Y , gre at confidence i n him as a m an
C LO THE D The above rew ard will be p ai d on of inte rity discretion an d strict Christi an pri n
.
g , ,

applic a tion to F E R N A N DEZ & W H rr1 NG N o 2 0 St .

,
. c ip l e . RIC HARD E E LLS .
,
L o uis S t . E Z R A F I S HE R
RA N A VVA Y f rom the s u bscriber the ne gress Q uincy J an 9 th 1 839 , .
, .

F A NN Y alw ays b adly d resse d she i s abo u t 2 5 o r

, ,

2 6 ye ars sold JO H N M A C O I N 1 1 7 S Ann st.

, . .
T E S T I M ONY I live d f or thirty ye ars in Vir
. .

The D arien Tele gr aph o f J an 2 4 1 8 37 ,

.
, ,
gin i a an d h ave tr avelle d extensively thro u gh
,

in an editori al article hittin g off the aristocr acy ,

Fau qu ier C ulpepper Je fferson St aff ord Albe
, , , ,

o f the pl anters inci dent ally lets ou t som e secrets

, ,
m arle an d Ch arlotte Co u nties my rem arks apply
abo u t the u s u al c l othin g of the sl aves The editor .
to these Co u nties .

The ne gro ho u ses are m i ser ably poor gener al

,

s ays ,
T he pl anter looks down with the most ,
,

soverei gn contempt on the m erch ant an d the l y they are a shelter f rom neither the wind the -
,
,

storekeeper H e deem s himsel f a lord bec au se

.
,
rain nor the snow an d the e arth is the floor
, , .

he gets his two or three R A G G E D servants to row ,

“
There are e xceptions to this r u le b ut they are ,

him to his pl ant ation every day th at he m ay ia ,

only exceptions ; y ou m ay sometimes se e p u n
spect the l abor of his h ands ” .
cheon floor b ut never or almost never a pl ank
, ,

fl oor The sl aves are generally witho u t b e ds or

The followin g is an extr act f rom a letter l ately .

b edstea ds ; some f ew h ave cribs th at they f ast e n

received f ro m REV C S R EN S HA W of Q u incy
p for themselves in the corner of the hut Their
. . .
,
, u .

I llinois .
be d clothe sare a nest of r ags thrown upon a crib
-
,

I am sorry to be obli ge d to give more testi or i n the corner ; somet im es there are three or
mony witho u t the n am e An individ ual in whom . . f ou r families in one sm all c abin W here the .

I h ave gre a t confidence gave me the f ollowin g , sl aveholders h ave more th an on e family they p u t ,

f ac ts Th at I am not alone in pl acin g c on fi

. them in the s ame q u arter till it is filled then ,

dence in him I s ubj oin a testimoni al from Dr , . b u ild another I h ave seen exceptions to this
.
,

Rich ard E ells De acon o f the Con gre gation al , when only on e f amily wo u ld occ upy a b ut an d ,
Ch urch O f Q uincy an d Rev M r Fisher B aptist
, , . .
, where were tolerably com fort able bed clothes -
.

M ini ster of Q u incy . M ost of the slaves in these co unties are m ice .
42 P rivation s qf the S l aves— C l othin g .

rabl y c l ad I h ave known sl aves who went with

.
which p as sed over their sho ulders an d the less ,

o ut shoes a l l winter per f ectly b are foot The

,
. expose d portions exten din g a very little way b e
feet o f m any of them are f rozen A s a gener al . low the arms le avin g the princip al p art o f the ,

f ac t the pl anters do not serve o ut to their sl aves , chest as we ll as the limbs e ntirely u ncovered ”
, , .

drawers or an y u nder clothin g or vests or over

, , , S A M U E L E LL I S ON a member of the Soc iety of ,
co ats Sl aves sometimes by workin g at ni ght
.
, Frien ds f orm erly of So u th ampto n C o Virginia
, , ,

n o w o f M arlboro u h St ark C o
.

an d on S und ays t better thin s th an their m as

g e g ,
g O hio sa ys I , .
, , ,
ters serve to them .
kn ew a M ethodist who was the owner of a n u m
W hilst these thin gs are tr u e of fi el d han ds it , ber of sl aves The children of both sexes b e .
,
is also tr ue th at m any sl aveholders clothe the i r lon gin g to him u nder twelve ye ars of age were
waiters an d C o achmen like gentlemen I do not
, ,

e n tire l
y destit u te of clothi n g I h ave se e n an
.
.

think there is an y di ff erence between the sl aves ol d m an compelled to l abor in the fields not hav
,
o f pro fessin
g Christi ans an d others ; at al l events , in g r ags eno ugh to cover his n aked n ess ” .

i t is so sm all as to be sc arcely notice able .

REV H LY M A N l ate p astor of the F rc e Pres
. .
,
I h ave seen men an d wome n at work i n the b y terian Ch urch in B uff alo N Y in des c ribin g .
, .

field m ore th an h al f n ake d : an d m ore th an once , ,

in p assin g when the overseer was not n e ar they

a to u r down an d u
p the M ississippi rive r in the
, ,
wi nter of 1 832—3 s ays A t the wood y ards , ,
wo uld stop an d dr aw ro u nd them a t attered co at where the bo ats stop it is n ot un c om m o n to see
'

,
or some ri b bons o f a skirt to hide the ir n akedness
f em ale sl aves empl oye d in c arry in g wood Their
"
an d sh ame f rom the str an er s eye
.
’
g .
dress which was q u ite u ni form was provide d wi th
M r G E O RG E W W E S TGATE a m ember of the
. .
, o u t an
y re ference to com fort They had no c ov .

C on gre gation al Ch urch in Q u incy I ll inois wh o , ,

erin g for the ir he ads ; the s t uff which con stit u ted
has spent the l ar ger p art o f twelve ye ars n av igat the o u ter garmen t was s ackcloth simil ar to th at ,

in g the r ivers of the so u th western sl ave st ates

in which brown domestic goods are done u p It .

was the n Dece m ber an d I tho u ght th at in such

-

,
w ith keel bo ats as a tr ader gives the f ollowin g
, , a dress an d bein g as they were
, witho u t s toc k ,
.

testim ony as to the clothin g an d lod gin g of the in gs they m u st s uff er f rom the cold ”
, .

sl aves .
hI r Benj amin Anderson C oler ain Lan c aster
.
, ,

I n L ower Tennessee M i sippi an d L ou isi ~ C o P a a member o f the Society o f Friends in

.
, .
, ,
, .

a recent letter describin

an a the c l othin g o f the slaves i s wretchedly g a short to u r thro ugh
the northern p art of M aryl and in the winter of
,

poor ; an d grows worse as y ou go so u th in ,

th e order of the st ates I h ave n amed T he only .

1 83 6 th u s spe aks of a pl ace a fe w miles from
,

m ateri al is cotton baggin g i e b aggin g i n which Chestertown “ A b ou t this pl ace there were a .

n umber of sl aves ; very f e w if an y b ad e ithe r

. .
,

cot ton is bal ed not b aggin g m ade of cotton In

,
, ,

s toc k in gs or shoes ; the we ather was intensely

.

L o u isi an a especi ally in the lower cou ntry I

, ,

h ave f requ ently seen them with nothi n g b u t a cold an d the grou nd covered with snow ”
, .

t attered co at not s ufficien t to hide their n aked

,
The l ate M ajor S todd ard of the Unite d S tates ’

ness I n winter their clothin g seldom serves the

. artillery who took possession of L o uisi an a for the
,

p urpose of com fort an d f requ ently not even of , U S government u nder the cession of 1 80 4
. .
, .

decent coverin g I n L o uisi an a the p l an ters n e ver

. p u blished a book e ntitled Sketches of L o u i si .

thin k of servin g ou t shoe s to sl aves I n M issis . an a

”
, in which spe akin g of the pl anters of L o we r ,

sippi they give one p air a ye ar gener ally I never . L ou isi an a he s ays F e w of them al l ow a n y
, ,

saw or he ard of an inst ance of m asters all owin g c l othin

g to the ir sl aves
”
.

them stoc k in gs A sm al l p oor b l an k e t is gen er

.
The followi n g is an extract from the Will o f
al l
y the on l y b ed c l othin g an d this they f req u ently the l ate celebr ate d John Ra ndolph of Vir gini a
-
,

we ar in the field when they h ave not s uffi cient

.

T0 my old an d f aith f ul servants E ssex an d ,

clothin g to hide their n akedness or to keep them his wi fe Hetty I give an d beq u e ath a p air o f ,
w arm Their m anner of sleepin g v aries with
.
stron g shoes a s uit of clothe s an d a bl anket e ach
, ,
the se ason I n hot we ather they stretch them
.
to be p aid them ann u al ly ; also an ann ual hat to
selves anywhere an d sleep A s it becomes cool .
E ssex ” .

the y ro l l them selves in their bl ankets an d l ay

sc attere d abo u t the c abi n I n cold we ather they .
,
N 0 Vir gini a sl aveholder has ever had a better
”
n e stle to gether with their f eet tow ards the fire ,
n ame as a kind m aster an d “ good provider ”
“
,

pro m isc u o u sly As a gener al f act the e arth is

. for his sl aves th an John R an d olph E ssex an d
, .

their only floor an d bed— not on e in ten h ave Hetty were f avorite serv ants an d the memory o f ,

anythin g like a bedste ad an d then it is a mere , the lon g u ncompens ate d se vices of thoS e ol d r “

b unk p u t up by themselves ”
an d f aithf u l serv ants seems to h ave to u ched
.

M r G E O RG E A A VERY an elder in the f o urth

. .
,
their m aster s he art N o w as this m aster wa s ’
.

Co n gre gation al Ch urch Rochester N Y who

J ohn R an dolp h an d as those serv ants w e re
, , . .
,

spent f o u r ye ars in Vir ini a s ays The sl ave “ ,

g , ,
”
“
f aith f u l an d f avorite serv ants a dv anced i n
children very com monly of both sexes u p to
, ,
, ,

the ages of ei ght an d ten ye ars an d I think in ,

ye ars an d worn out i n his service an d as their
, ,

some in stances beyond this age go in a st ate of allow ance w as in their m aster s eyes o f s u ffici e nt
’
, , ,

d isgus tin g n u dity I h ave o ften seen them with

.
moment to constitu te a p aragr aph in his l ast wil l
their tow shirt ( their only article of s ummer an d testam en t it is fair to in fer th at it wo u ld b e
clothin g) which to al l h um an appe arance had ,

y l ib eral far better th an the ordin ary allo w

, ,

not been t aken off f rom the time it was first p u t v er ,

on, worn o ff from the bottom u pw ards shre d by ance f or sl aves .

,

shred u ntil
, nothin g rem ained b ut the str ap s N ow we le ave the re ad er to j u d ge wh at m ust
 P rivation s f
o the S l aves; Dwel l in gs .

be the u su al allow ance of clothin g to common annually with b ut on e b l an k et e ach for beddin g , ,

field sl aves in the h ands of common m asters with no stoc k in gs nor soc ks n or c l oaks nor e ver , , , ,

when E sse x an d Hetty the “ ol d ” an d “ f aith co ats n or han dk erc hief s nor towel s an d with n o , , , ,

f ul ” sl aves of John Randolph were provided in his c han ge either of u nd e r or o u tside garments ! , ,

l ast will an d test ament , with b ut on e su it of clothes

IV DW E LLI N GS
. .

T HE L AVE S S A RE W RET C HED L Y S IIEL I E R E D A N D LO DGED ' ‘

.

M r S tep hen E M al tb y
. . . I n sp e c tor of The h uts where the slaves slept gener all y cont aine d b ut
v i
p ro is on s, S k an e ate les , N . Y who has
.

on e ap artment an d th at w ithou t floor ”

,

lv
i ed in A ab am a l . ,
.

Amon gst the ne gro c abins which I sawin Va 1 c an

al l .
,
.

Mr Ge orge A ve r y , el de r of the
A n ot c al l to m in d on e in which there was an
R y other floor th an the
. .

4 th P re sb y teri an C hurc h, oc hester, e ar th; an

N Y. . who lived f our y e ars in V irgin ia . y thin g th at a northern l aborer or mech anic white or , ,

colored , woul d c all a b ed, n or a solitary p artition to sep ar ate the ,

”
se xes .

The dwellin gs of the sl aves were p almetto h u ts b u ilt b y ,

them selves of st ake s an d poles th atched with the p almetto le af , .

W i lli am L add , Esq , Mi n ot, M ain e . .

The door when they had an y was gener ally of the s ame m ateri als
Pr i
es de n P eac e S ocie
t of the A m eric an
,

sometim es bo ards f o u nd on the be ach They had n o fl oors no

, ,

form erly a sl ave hol der in F lorida

.
ty , .
,

sep ar ate ap artments excep t the gu ine a ne groes had sometimes a

,

sm all inclos ure for their god ho u se These h u ts the sl aves .

’

b uilt themselves af ter t ask an d on S u nd ays ” .

Rev . J ose p h M . S add, P astor Pres .

The sl aves live gen eral l y in m iserabl e hu ts which are with
r
C hu c h, C asti e , ree n e C o , l G N . Y .
,
ou t floors an d h ave a sin le ap artme n t only where both sexes are
,

who iv ed in M ssouri ti ve y ea
.

l i rs p revi , g ,

ous to 1 83 7 .
herded promisc u o u sly together ” .

On pl ant ations the ne gro qu arters are of fr ame an d

ol d
,

c l apbo ards seldom afi ordin a com fort able shelter f rom w in d or

'

, g
Mr . George W m em b er of . W e stgate , r ain ; their size v aries f rom 8 by 1 0 to 1 0 by 1 2 feet an d six or , , ,
the C on gre gation al C hurc h i n Q uin c y ,
Ill in oi s, who has sp en t a num b er of
ei ght f eet hi gh ; som etimes there is a hole c ut f or a window b ut ,

y e ars in sl ave states .

I never sawa s ash or gl ass in an y In the new co u ntry an d in
,
. ,

the woods the qu arters are gener ally b uilt of lo gs of similar

, ,

dimensions ” .

Their ho u ses were commonly bu il t of lo gs sometimes the y ,

were f r ame d o ften they had no floor some of them h ave two
Mr C orn elius
. J ohn son m em b er of , a
,

ap artments com monly b u t on e ; e ach of those ap artm ents con

,

C h ist anr i C hu rc h in arm in gton , F ,

J
a
O hio Mr
. . . l ived in M ississip p i in
tain e d a fam ily S ometimes these f amilies consisted of a m an
.

1 8378 .
an d his wi f e an d children while in other instances persons of ,

both sexes were thrown to gether witho u t an y re gard to family re

,
.

l ation ship
T he W este n M edic a e f o m e , in r l R r r They are c rowded to gether i n a sm al l hu t an d sometimes ,
r l
an a tic e on t he C ac he xia A f ric an a b y a
K en tu c k y p hy sic an , thus sp ak s of the i e h avin g an imper fect an d sometimes no floor an d seldom r ai se d
,
f rom the gro un d ill ventil ated , an d s urro u nded with filth
,

huts of the s a es l v . ,
.

M r W il l iam L eftwi ch tive The d well in gs of the sl aves are l og h uts f rom l O to 1 2 f ee t
’

. , a n a of
V irgi n ia, b ut has resi ded m ost
,
of his
l if e in M ad i son , C o Al ab am a .
squ are o f ten witho u t windows doors or
,
'

,
fl oors , they h ave
neither ch airs t able or b edste ad , ,
.

R L M ac y of
eub en udson , a H N Y The ho uses for the field sl aves were abou t 1 4 feet sq u are
R
. . .
,
m e m b er of the el igio us S oc ie ty of
F rien ds He l ived in S outh C arolin a b u ilt i n the co arsest m anner with o n e room withou t an y chim , ,

y orfl oorin g with a hol e i n the roof to l e t the sm ok e ou t

”
.

in 1 81 8—19 .
n e
,
.

The descriptions gener ally given of

ne gro qu arters are ,

M r L em uel S ap in gton of L an c aster,

.
correct ; the quarters are withou tfl oors , an d n ot suflic ien t to k eep
P a a n ative of M ary l an d , f orm erly
Of the in c l em en c y of the weather ; they are u ncom fort able both
.

l v older
u s a eh .

"
in s um m er an d winter .

W hen they return to their m iser able h u ts at ni ght they

J
,

Rev . oh n R an k in , a n a tive of T en find not there the me ans of com fortable rest ; b ut on the col d
n esse e
grou n d they m ust l ie withou t c overin d shiver whil e t hey
'

an
.

g,
s l um b er .

P hilemon B liss Esq E l y ria, 0 hio , The dwellin gs of the sl aves are u su al ly sm all op en l og huts,
who lived in
. .
,
P orias , in 1 835 .
with b ut on e ap artm ent , an d ve ry gener ally withou t floors -
.
 44 P rivation s o
f the S l aves— T re atm e n t o f the Sic k .

£ 232 Their h uts were gener ally p ut up witho ut a n ail , f req u en tly
7 C- f l m W ilk es
jé
ggé
iagi
e
b a Il ati a
W i tho u t floors , an d with a sin le a artment "
g p .

Hon . RJ
T urn b ull , of S outh C arol i
. .

The sl aves live in c l ay c ab in s.

”
us , a sl aveholder .

V TR E AT M EN T
. O F T HE S IC K .

T HE S LAVE S BUFF ER R O M I N HU M A N N EG L E C T
F girl was then il l of an
inc ur able dise ase occ a ,

W HE N S I C K . sion e d p artly by her o w n miscond u ct an d p artly ,

In proof of thi s we s ubj oin the f ol lowin g tes ti . by the cru el tre atment she had received in a situ ,

ation th at c alle d for tenderness an d c are Her

m ony : .

Rev Dr C HA NN IN G o f Boston who once re he art seemed tr uly to u che d with repent ance f or
he r sins an d she was inqu irin
. .
,
, g W h at sh all I ,
sided in Virgini a rel ates the f ollowin g f act in his , do to b e s ave d ? ” I was sitting by he r as she l ay
work on sl avery p age 1 63 l st e dition , , .
on the floor u pon a bl anke t an d was tryin g to ,

I c annot f orget m y f eelin gs on visiti n g a establish her tremblin g spirit in the f ulness o f
hospit al belon gin g to the pl ant ation of a gentle Jes u s when I he ard the voice of her mistress in
,

m an highl y e steem e d f or his virtu e s an d whose , lo u d an d an gry tones as she appro a ched the door , .

m anners an d convers ation expresse d m u ch b e n c I re ad in the co u nten ance of the prostr ate suffer
val en c e an d c on sc ien tiou sn ess When I entered . er the terror which she f elt at the prospect of
,

with him the hosp it al the first o bj ect on which ,

seein g her mistress I knew m y presence would .

my eye fell was a yo un g wom an very ill prob a , ,

b e very un welcome b u t st aid hopin
g th at it , ,

bly appro achin g de ath She was stretched on . mi ght restr ain , in some m e asu re the p as sions ,

the floor Her he a d rested on somethin g like a

. of the mistress In this h owever I was mista
.
, ,

p i l low b u t her body an d l im bs were ex ten de d on . ken ; she p asse d m e withou t app arently ob se rv
the ha rd b oar ds T he owner I do u bt not had .
, ,
in g th at I was there an d se ate d hersel f on the ,

at le ast as m u ch kindness a s mysel f ; b ut he was other side of the sick sl ave She m ade no inqu iry .

how she was b u t i n a tone of an ger c om m en c e d

'

so u sed to see the sl aves livin

g witho u t common ,

com forts th at the i de a o f unkindness in the pre a tir ade o f ab u se violently repro achin her W ith
, ,
g
” her p ast miscon d u ct an d telli n g her i n the m ost
sent inst ance did not enter his mind .
,

un f eelin
This dy in g you n g wom an was stretc he d on g m anner th at etern al destr uction aw ai t
,

the floor — her body an d limbs e xtende d upon

“ e d her N o word o f kindness esc ape d her
.
.

W h at had then ro used her tem per I do not know

the h ard bo ards — an d yet her m aster was
.

,
S he contin ued in this strain sever al min u te s ,
”
hi ghly esteeme d for his virt ues an d his general , whe n I at tempted to so f ten her by rem arkin g ,

deme an or prod u ced upon Dr Ch ar min g the im . th at was very ill an d she o u ght not th us ,

pression of b enevolence an d conscientio u sness ” .

to torm ent her an d th at I believed Jesu s had
,

granted her f orgiveness B ut I mi ght as wel l

I f the sic k an d dy in g f em al e sl aves of su c h a m as
.

h ave tried to stop the tempest in its c areer as to

ter s u ff er s u ch b arb aro us ne glect whose he art
, ,
c alm the i n f uri ate d p assions n u rt ured by the ex
,

does not f ail him at the tho ught o f th at in hu , e rc ise o f arbitr ary p ower S he looked at m e .

m anity exercise d b y the m aj ority of sl aveholders

, , with ine ff able sco rn an d contin ue d to pour forth ,

to w ards their aged sick an d dyin g victim s .

a to rrent of ab u se an d repro ach Her helpless .
, ,

The f ollowin g testimon y is furnishe d b y S ARAH victim listene d in terrified silence until n at ure ,

cou ld en d u re no more when she u ttered a wild

M G R I M K E a sister of the l ate Hon Thom as S
,

shriek an d c astin g on he r tormentor a look o f

.
. , .

,
Grimk e of Ch arleston So uth C arolin a
, , .
un u tter able agony excl aimed O h m istress , , , ,
“
When the L adies B enevolen t Society in ’
I am dyin g This appe al arrested her attention
Ch arleston S C of which I was a visitin g com
,

an d she soon le f t the room b u t in the s am e spirit

w
.
, .
, ,

missioner first went into oper ation we were ap

, , ith which she entere d it The girl su rvived b ut a .

plie d to for the rel ie f of sever al sick an d aged c o f ew d ays an d I believe sawher mistress n o m or e ”
, , , .

lored persons ; on e c ase I p artic ul arly rem ember , M r G E O RGE A AVE RY an elder o f a Presbyte
o f an a ed wom an who was dre ad f u lly b u rnt f rom
. .
,
‘

g ri an ch urch i n Rochester N Y who live d some

h avin g f allen into the fire ; she was livin g with
.
, .
,

some f ree bl acks who had t aken her in out of ye ars i n Vir gini a gives the f ollowin g ,

comp assion O n inqu iry we fo und th at n earl y

. , The m anner of tre atin g the sick sl aves an d e s ,
.

a l l the colored persons who had solicited aid , p e c ial l y in c hron ic c ases was to my mind pec uli ar ,

were sl aves who bein g no lon ger ab le to work,

l y revoltin g M y opport u nities fo r ob serv ation in
.

”
for their owners were th u s inh um anly c ast , this dep artment were better th an in perh aps an y , ,

o ut i n their sickness an d ol d age an d m u st h ave , other as the f rien d u nder whose direction I com
,

perished b ut for the kindness o f their f riends

,
. m en c e d m y m edic al st u dies enj oyed a hi gh re ,

I was once visitin g a sick sl ave in whose sp i p ut ati o n as a surgeon I rode considerably with .

ritual wel fare pec uli ar circ um st ances had led me him in his practice an d assisted in the s ur gic al ,

to be deeply i n terested I knew th at she had . operations an d dressin gs f rom time to time I n .

b een e arly sed uced from the p ath o f virt u e as ,

confi rmed c ases o f dise ase it was comm on for the ,

ne arly al l the fem ale sl aves are I kne w also . m aster to pl ace the s ubj ect u nder the c are of a
th at her mistress tho u gh a pro fessor of reli gion , ,
physici an or s ur geon at whose exp ense the p a ,

had never t au ght her a sin gle precept of Christi tient sho u ld he kept an d if de ath ens ued to the ,

a n ity yet th at she had had her severely p u nished

,
p atient or the dise ase was n ot c ure d no com
, ,

for this dep arture from them an d th at the poor , p en sation was to be m ade b ut if c ured a b ori us of ,
 P erson al N arratives— Rev W il l iamT . . A l l an . 45

on e, two or three h u n dre d doll ars was to be

,
The wom an th u s sit uated had b een f or mor e
given N o provision was m ade against the b ar
. than , a d ay in trava il , withou t an
y ass istan c e,

b arity or n egl e c t of the physici an & c I h ave , . an

y r or an y k
n u se ,in d of
p rop e r p rov ision
seen fif teen or twen ty of these help l ess sufi erers d urin g the ni ght she s aid som e f ellow sl ave wo
crowde d to gether in the tr ue spirit o f sl aveholdin g m an wo uld stay with her an d the afores aid ,

inh u m ani ty like the br utes th at peris h ” an d

,
“
,
children thro u gh the day From a wom an who .
,

driven f rom tim e to time l ik e br utes i nto a c om was a sl ave o f Keen s at the s ame time m y ih ’
,

f orm ant le arned th at th is poor wom an s u ff ere d f or

'

m on y ard where they had to suff er an y an d

, ,

every ope ration an d expe riment which interest , ,

three d ays an d then d ied when too l ate to s ave
,
-

c a price or pro fession al c uriosity mi ght promp t

, ,
her li f e her m aster sent assist ance I t was um .

-
u nrestr ained by l aw p u blic sentiment or the , ,
de rstood to he a r u le of his to ne glec t his wom en ,
”
cl aims o f com mon h um anity . entirely in s u ch times of trial u nless they previ ,
”
Rev \Vi LL rA M T ALL A N son of Rev Dr All an
. .
, . .
,
ou sl
y c ame an d in formed him an d aske d for aid , .

a sl aveholder of H untsville Al ab am a s ays in a

, , ,
Rev P H I N EA S S M I TH of Centrevil le N Y
.
, , . .
,

letter now be fore u s who has reside d f o ur ye ars at the so u th s ays ,

“
Colonel Robert H Watkins of L au rence .
,
“
O f ten when the sl aves are sick their acc u s ,
.

co u nty Al ab am a who owned abo u t three hun

, ,
t e me d toil is ex acted from them Physici ans are .

dred sl aves af ter employin g a physici an amon g

,
r arely c alled for their benefit ” .

them for some ti m e ce ase d to d o so alle gin g , ,

Rev HO RA C E M O U LT ON a m inister of the M e
as the re ason th at it was che aper to lose a f e w
.
,

thodist E piscop al ch urch in M arlboro ugh M ass

,

ne groes every ye ar th an to p ay a ph y sici an .

, ,

This Colonel W atkins was a Presidenti al elector who resided a n u mber of ye ars in Geor gi a s ays ,

in Another d ark side of slavery is the ne glec t

A A G urn ars E sq elder in the Pres b yteri an
. .
, .
,
of the aged an d sic k M any when sick are .
,

ch urch at P utn am M uskin gu m cou nty O hio s uspected by their m asters of f eign in g sickn ess ,
, , ,
an d are there fore whippe d o ut to work af ter dis
f urnishe s the testimony which f ollows
e ase has got fast hold of them ; when the m as
.

A ne ar f em ale f rien d of m ine in com p any
with anot her yo u n g l ady in attemp tin g to visit a
sick wom an on W ashin gton s B ottom Woo d
county Vir gini a m issed the way an d stoppin g
, ,
to ask direc tions of a gro up of colore d children
ters le arn th at they are re ally sick they are i n
, ,
,
m any inst ances le f t alone in their c abins d u rin g
’
,
work hours not a fe w of the sl aves are le f t to
,
die witho u t h avin g on e f riend to wipe off the
swe at of de ath When the sl aves are sick ; the .

on the o u tskirts of the plant ation of Fr ancis m asters do not as a gener al thin g employ physi
Keen S en they were told to ask aun ty in the
, ,
, .
, , c ian s b ut doctor ” them themselv es an d their
, ,
ho u se O n enterin g the hu t s ays my in form
’
.
,
mode o f practice in almost al l c ase s is to bleed
an t I beheld s u ch a si ht as I hope never to see
g an d
give s alts When women are confine d they
,

again ; its sole occ up a nt w

.

as a f em ale sl ave of
h ave n o physici an b ut are c ommitted to the c are
the s aid Keen— her whole we arin g app arel con
,

of sl ave mi dwives Sl aves compl ain very littl e .

sisted of a frock m ade of the co arsest tow cloth
an d so sc anty th at it co u ld not h ave been m ade
,
m ore ti ght aro u nd her person I n the hut there
was neither table ch air nor chest—a stool an d a
r u de fixt ure in one corner were al l its f urnit ure
O n this l ast were a little str aw an d a fe w ol d rem
, , when sick when they die they are frequ ently b u
,
rie d at ni ght witho u t m u ch ceremony an d in ,
.
m any inst ances witho u t an y ; their coffins are
, ,
m ade by n ailin g to gether rou gh ho ards f requ ent ,
, .
l y with their f eet stickin g o ut at the en d an d
,

somet imes they are p ut into the gro u nd without a

n ants of wh at had been b eddin g al l e xceedingly -
coffin or b ox of an y kind .

filthy .

P E RS ON A L N A RRA T I VE —
S P A RT II .

T EST IM O N Y o n T HE REV W IL LIA M

. r
'
. A LLA N LAT E or , A LA B AM A .

M r A LL A N is
. of
the Rev Dr Allan a f ather s house i n the s ub u rbs of H untsville , he
a son . .
,
’

sl aveholder an d p astor of the Presb yteri an Ch ur c h lon gin g to Ju d ge Smith f orm erly a S en ator i n ,

at H u ntsville Al a b am a He has recently becom e Con gress from S o u th C arolin a now o f H u nts
, . ,

ville The n am e o f his overseer was T u ne I

the p astor of the Presbyteri an Ch urch in Ch at .
.

h ave o ften seen him flo ggin g the sl aves in the

ham I llinois
, .

field an d h ave o f ten he ard their cries S ometimes ,

I was born an d h ave live d m ost of my li fe in too I h ave met them with the te ars stre am in
.
,

the sl ave s ate s m a n l y in the vill age o f H untsville down their faces an d the m arks o f the whip
t i g ,

, , ,
,
A l ab am a where my p arents still reside I seldom
, on their b are nec k s an d sho u lders .

went to a p l a n tation an d as my vi sits were con T une was so severe in his tre atm ent th at his
.

,
,
fine d alm ost excl usively to the f amilies of pro employer dism isse d him af ter two or three ye ars
,
f essin g Christi ans my p erson al knowled ge of l ost it was s ai d he sho u l d kill off al l the sl ves
, a
sl avery was conseq u ently a k nowled ge of i ts B u t he was immedi ately em ploye d by another
, , .

f airest side ( if f airest m ay be pre dic ated of fo ul ) pl anter in the nei ghborhood The f ollowin g fac t
, .

There was on e pl an tation j ust opposi te my was st ated to m e b y my b rother , J ames M All an
.

.
,
 46 P erson al N arratives— Rev W il l iam T . . Al l an .

n o wres idin g at Richm ond Henry co u n ty Illi , , He st ate d th at one o f his u ncles had kille d a
wom an— broke her sk u ll with an ax l i e l ve she
'

no is an d clerk o f the circ u it an d c o unty cou rts

, .

T une bec ame disple ased with one o f the wom en had ins ulted her m istress ! N o notice was t aken
who was pre gn ant he m ade her l ay d own over a ,
o f the aff air M r T s aid f urther th at sl aves
. . .
, ,

l og wi th her face tow ard s the gro u nd an d be a t

, , were f requ en tl y m u rd ere d .

her so u nmerci fully th at she was soon after de , He men tione d the c ase o f o n e sl aveholde r ,

livere d o f a d ead c hil d . whom he had seen l ay his sl aves on a l arge l og ,

M y brother also st ated to me the f ollowin g , which he kept f or the p urpose strip them ti e , ,

which occ u rre d ne ar my fa ther s ho u se an d wi th ’

, the m with the f ace downw ard then h ave a ke t ,

i n si ght an d he arin g of the ac ademy an d p u blic tle of hot w ater bro u ght— t ake the p addle m ad e ,

Ch arles a fine active ne gro who he of h ard wood an d p er f or ated with holes dip i t
garden .
, , , ,

lon ge d to a brickl ayer in H u ntsville exch an ged , into the hot w ater an d strike — be fore every blow
the b u rnin g sun of the bricky ard to enj oy f or a dipp in g it in to the w ater— e very hole at every
.

se ason the ple as ant sh ade of an a dj acent m o u n b low wo uld r aise a whelk This was the u s ual .
’

t ain t c n his m aster got him b ack b e tied

.
, p u nishment f or ru n n in g away .

him by his h ands so th at his f eet co uld j ust to u ch A nother sl aveholder had a sl ave who had o f ten
the grou n d— strippe d off his clothes took a p ad , run aw ay an d o ften bee n severely whipped
, .

dle bored fu ll o f holes an d p addled him leis urely

, , A f ter on e of his fl oggin gs he b urnt his m aster s ’

al l day lon g I t w as tw o weeks be f ore they co u ld

. b arn : this so enr aged the m an th at when he ,

tell whether he wo uld live or die N either of . c aught him he took a p air o f pincers an d p ul le d
these c ases attr acted an y p art ic u l ar notice i n his toe n ails o ut The ne gro then m urdere d two.

H untsville . o f his m aster s children He was t aken after

’
.

While I live d i n H u ntsville a sl ave was kille d a desper ate p u rs u it

( h avin g b e en shot thro ugh ,

in the m o u nt a in ne ar by T he circ u mst ances . the sho u lder) an d h u n g .

were these A white m an ( J ames Helton ) h u nt

. . O n e of M r T u rner s co u sins was em ployed as
.
’
,

in g in the woods s u ddenly c ame u pon a bl a ck , overseer on a l ar ge pl ant ation in M ississippi O n .

m an an d comm and ed him to stop the sl ave kept

, ,
a cert ain m orni n
g he c alled the sl aves to gether ,

on r unnin g Helton fire d his rifle an d the ne gro

, to give som e orders While doin g it a sl ave .
,

was kille d * .
c ame r u nnin g out o f his c abin h avin g a kni fe ,

M rs B ARR wi fe of Rev H B arr of C arrollton

.
, . .
,
in his h an d an d e atin g his bre akf ast The over .

Illinois forme rly f rom Cou r tl and A l ab am a told

, , ,
seer seein g hi m comin g with the kni f e was som e ,

m e l ast sprin g th a t she has very o f ten ste p p e d

, wh at al arm ed an d inst antly ra ised his gun an d
,

her e ars th at she mi ght n ot he ar the scre ams of shot him de ad He s aid af terw ards th at he be
.
,

sl a ves who were u nder the l ash an d th at som e ,

l ie v e d the sl ave was perf ectly i n n ocent o f an y
tim es she has le f t her hou se an d retired to a pl ace , evil intentions he c am e out hastily to he ar the
,

more dist ant in order to ge t aw ay f rom their , orders whilst e atin g N o no tice was t aken of the .

a on i z m
g g cries . killin g .

I h ave o f ten see n gro ups of sl aves on the p ub M r T rel ated the whippin g h ab its of on e of
. .

lic squ ares i n H u ntsv ille who were to be sold at ,

his u ncles in Vir gini a He was a we alth y m an .
,

au ction a n d I h ave o f ten seen their te ars had a sple ndid ho use an d gro unds
,
gu sh A tree in .

f orth an d their co u nten ances distorte d with an his f ron t y ard was u sed as a whip p in g p ost
, .

guish A consider able n um b er were gener ally When a sl ave was to be p u nished h e wo uld frs
‘

. .
,

sold p ublicly every month . q uently invi te some of his f riends h ave a t abl e , ,

The followin g facts I h ave j u st t aken down c ards an d wine se t ou t u nder the sh ade he
f rom the lips of M r L T u rner a re ul ar an d wou ld then fl og his sl ave a little while an d then
g . .
, ,

respect able member of the Secon d Presbyteri an pl ay c ards an d drink with his f riends occ as i on ,

Ch urch in Sprin gfield our cou nty town He was , .

ally t au ntin
g the sl ave givin g him the privile ge ,

b o rn an d bro ught up in C aroline co unty Vir ,

o f con f essin
g s u ch an d s uch thin gs at his lei ,

gini a He s ays th at the sl aves are neither con

. s u re after a while fl og him again th u s k eepin g
, ,

side re d nor tre ated as h u m an bein s O n e of his it up f or hou rs or h al f the day an d som etimes
g .
,

nei ghbors whose n am e was B arr he s ays on on e , ,

al l da
y This was his hab it
. .

occ asion strippe d a sl ave an d l acer ate d his b ack “

F e b ruary 4 th — S ince w ritin g the preced in g I
. .

with a han dc ard ( for cotton or wool ) an d then h ave been to C arrollton on a visit to my un c l e , ,

washed it w ith s alt an d w ater with pepper in it , .

Re v H u gh B arr who was ori gin ally f rom Ten
.
,

M r T urner saw this

. He f urther rem arked th at . h essee lived 1 2 or 1 4
, y e ars in Co urt l and L aw ,
~

he believe d there were m an y sl aves there i n ad . rence c oun ty Al ab am a an d m oved to I llinois in

, ,

v an c e d li fe whose b acks had n ever been well . 1 835 .In convers ation with the f am ily aro und ,

since they be gan to work . the fireside they st ate d a m ultit u de of ho rrid
,

facts th at were per fectly notorio us in the nei gh

, .

T hi s m urde r was com m itte d ab out twelve y ears sin c e b orhood o f Co u rtl and
J
.

irn ey , Esq , n e wC orresp on d i n S e

.

A t that tim e , am es GB
.

g . Will i am P B arr an intelli gent youn g m an

. , ,

y S oc iety was the S o

—
c re tary of the A m eric an A n ti S l aver

j an d m e mber of his f ather s ch u rch in C arroll

’

l ic ite r ( p ro sec uti n g atto rn e y ) f or that u dic ial distric t

His views an d fe e l i n gs u p o n the su b e c t of slave r were
y ,
j .

ton st ate d the followin g Visitin g at a M r

, . .

eve n a t that p erio d , in adv an c e o f the m ass o f sl ave hold e rs M osely s ne ar Co urtl and W illi am M osely c ame
’
, ,
an d he d e te rm in e d if p ossib le to b rin
gthe m urd ere rto usti c e
,
j .
i n with a bloody kni fe in his h and h avin g j us t
He ac c ordin gl y d rew u p an in d ic tm en t an d roc ured the ,

fi n din of a rrue b ill agai n st e l ton e l ton

p
, m e an
while , H H st abbed a ne gro m an The ne gro was sittin g
g
.
.

m ove ove r the l in e in to the state o f T e n n essee , an d suc h q u ietly in a hou se in the vi l l age keepin g a wom an
was the ap athy of the com m un ity , in divid ual effort p roved
,

u n avail i n g ; an d though the m urd e re r had

comp any who had b een le f t in ch arge of the
gon e n o f urther
j
than to an ad oin in g c oun ty ( whe re erha s he stil l resides
p
hou se —when M osely p assin g alon g wen t in
) , , ,
p
w
he as n ever b rought to trial — En . an d dem ande d his b us in ess there Prob ab ly his .
 48 P erson al N arratives—W il l iam Le ftwic h .

N A RRA T IVE O F M R . W I LLI AM LEFT W I C H, A N AT IV E O F VI R G I N IA .

Mr L e ftwich is
. Gen J abez a gr andson of . e ach T heir beddin g generally consists o f two
.

L e f twich who was for some ye ars a member of

,
old bl ankets M any of them sleep ni ght a fter
.

Con gress f rom Virgini a T ho ugh b orn i n Vir ni ght sittin g u p on the ir blocks or stools ; o thers
sleep i n the open air O ur ta sk was appointed
. .

gini a he has resided most o f his li f e in Al ab am a

.
,

an d f rom d a wn till d ark al l m ust bend to their

, .

He n ow lives in Delhi H am ilton co un ty O hio , , , work Their m e als were t aken witho u t kni fe or
.

n e ar Cincin n ati .
pl ate dish or spoon Their f ood was c om p on e
, .
,

As an introd uction to his letter the re ader is ,

prep are d in the co arsest m anner with a sm all ,

allow ance of me at Their m e als i n the field

f urnished with the f ollow in g testimoni al to his .

ch ar acter from the Rev Hor a ce B ushnell p astor .

were t aken from the h ands of the c arrier whe r ,
, ,
ever h e f o un d them with n o more ceremony th an ,
o f the Presbyteri an ch urc h in Del hi Mr B . . .
in the feedin g of swine M y u ncle was hi s o wn .

overseer F or p unishing in the field he pre ferred

.
,

M r L e f twich is worthy mem b er of this a a l ar ge hickory sti ck ; an d w o to him whose

work was n ot done to ple ase him for the b icko
.

ch urch an d is a youn g m an of sterlin g i nte grity ,

ry w
,

an d ver acity . H B U S HN E LL ” as u se d upon our he ads as rem orselessly as

I was of te n the obj ect
. .

if we had been m ad do gs
T he f ollowin g i s the le tter of M r L e f t wich
'

o f his f u ry an d sh all be ar the m arks o f it on my

.
,
,
d ated D ec 2 6 1 838 .
, .
body till I die S u ch was my s uff erin g an d d c
.

D EA R B R O THE R— Tho ugh I am not ranked

.
gr ad ation th at at the end o f five ye ars I h ardly
, ,

amon
g the abolitionists yet I c anno t as a f riend , ,
dared to say I wasf ree When thinn in g cotton .
,

o f h u m anity withhold f rom the p ub li c s u ch facts

, we went mostly on our knees O n e day while .
,

in rel ation to the condition of the sl aves as h ave . th us en gaged my u ncl e f ou nd m y rowbehin d
,

f allen un der my own ob serv ation Th at I am . an d by way o f admon ition

, gave m e a f e wblows ,

somewh at ac quainte d with sl avery will be seen ,

with his hickory the m arks of which I c arried ,

as I n arr ate some incidents of my o w n li f e My . f or weeks O f ten I followed the e x am p le o f the

.

p arents were sl aveholders an d m oved f rom Vir ,

f u gitive sl aves an d betook m ysel f to the mo un
, .

gini a to M adison co u nty Al ab am a d u rin g my i n , ,

t ains ; b ut h u nger an d f e ar drove m e b ack to ,

f ancy .M y mother soon f ell a victim to the cli ~

sh are with the wretched sl ave his toi l an d s trip es
, .

m ate Being the youn gest of the children I was B ut I h ave t alk ed eno ugh abo u t m y o wn bond
'

.
,

le f t in the c are o f my age d gr an d fa ther who age ; I will n o w rel ate a f e w f acts show in
, g the ,

n ever held a sl ave though his sons owned f rom , condition of the sl aves gen eral l y .

9 0 to 1 0 0 d urin g the time I resided with him . M y u ncle w ishin g to p urch ase wh at i s c alled
A s soon as I co u ld c arry a hoe my u ncle by the , ,
a good ho use wench a trader i n h u m an flesh ,
’

n ame of N eely pers u aded my grand father th at

, soon prod u ced a wom an recommendin g her as ,

I sho u ld be pl aced i n his h ands an d brought up , hi ghly as e ver a j ockey did a horse S he was .

in h abits of ind ustry I was accordin gly pl aced . p urch ased b ut on tri al was f o und w an tin g in the
,

u nder his t u ition I le f t the domestic c ircle little

.
,
re qu isite qualific ations S he then f ell a victim .

dre amin g of the horrors th at a waited me M y . to the dis appointe d r age of m y u ncle i nnocen t
mother s own brother took me to the cotton field
’
,
or u ilty she s uff e re d
g , gre atly f rom his f ury H e .
_

there to le arn h abits of i nd u stry an d to be bene ,

u sed to tie her to a pe ach tree i n the y ard an d ,

fi te d b y his co u nsels B ut the sequ el proved th at .

,
wh ip her till there was n o so un d pl ace to l ay an other
I was there to feel in m y own person an d witness ‘

,
stroke an d repe at it so o f ten th at h er b ack was
,

by experience m any of the horrors of sl avery .

kept contin ually sore Whippin g the f em ales .

Inste ad of kind admonition I was to e nd u re the aro u nd the le s was a f avo rite m ode of p u nish
, g ,

frowns o f on e whose sym p athies co ul d neither

,
m e n t with him They m u st st and an d hol d u p
.

be re ache d by the prayers an d cries of his sl aves ,

their clothes while he plied his hickory He did
, .

nor by the entre ati es an d su ff erin gs of a sister s ’

not l ike som e o f his n ei ghbors keep a p ack o f
, ,

son L et those who c all sl aveholders k in d hos ho un ds for h untin g r u n aw ay ne groes b u t he kept
'

~
.
, ,

p itab l e an d h u m ane on e do
m ark the co urse the , g f or th at p u rpose an d when h e c am e U p ,

sl aveholder p urs u es with on e born free whose ,

with a run aw ay it wo ul d h ave been de ath to ,

ancestors f o u ht an d bled f or liberty ; an d then a ttempt to fly an d it was ne arly so to st an d

g , ,
.

sa
y if they c an w itho u t a bl u sh of sh am e t
, ,
Som etimes whe n m y u ncle attempted to whip
,

he who robs the helpless of every right c an ,

the sl aves the dog wo u l d r u sh u pon them an d
,

tr ul y kin d an d hospit able . relieve them of their rags if not of their flesh ,
.

In a short time af ter I was p ut u pon the pl an O n e obj ec t o f my u ncle s S peci al h ate was Jer ’ “

tation , there was b ut little di ff erence be twee n ry,

”
a s l ave o f a pro u d sp irit He defie d al l the .

a n d the sl aves except bein

g white I ate at
, ,
c u rses r age an d st ripes of his tyr ant Tho ugh
,
.

m aster s t able ’
The sla ves were my comp
. he was o f ten overpowered— for my uncle wo u ld
ions i n misery an d I well le arne d their condition
, ,
f requ ently we ar ou t his stick u po n his he ad — yet
both in the ho u se an d fiel d Their dwelli n gs are . he woul d never s ubmit A s he was not expert .

l o g h uts f rom ten to twelve feet squ are ; o ften

,
i n pickin g cotton he wo ul d som etimes run aw ay ,

witho u t windows doors o r floors They h ave, . in the fall to esc ape ab u se A t o n e time after
,
.
,

neither ch airs t ables or bedste ads Those h u ts

, . an absence o f som e m onths he was arrested ,

are occ upie d by ei ht

g ten or twelve persons ,
an d b ro ught b ack As is c ustom ary he was . ,
 P erson a l N arratives— Sam uel S ap in gton .

stripped tie d to a l og an d the cow skin applied

, ,
-
fled He was t aken ei ght or ten m onths after
.

to h is n aked body till his m aster was ex hau st ed . th at while crossin g the O hio When b rou ght
, .

Then a l ar ge l og ch ain was fastened aro u nd on e b ac k the m aster an d an overseer on another

, ,

a nkle p assed u p his b ack over his sho u l ders the n

, , ,
pla n t ation took him to the m o u ntai n an d p u n
,

across his bre ast an d fast e ne d u nder his arm In , . i e hed him to their satis fa cti on i n secret ; af ter
this condi tion he was f orce d to p er f orm his d aily which he was lo ade d with ch ains an d se t to his
t ask Add to this he was ch aine d e ach n i ght
.
,
t ask .

an d compelled to chop wood ev e ry S abb ath to , I h ave spent ne arly al l my li fe in the m idst o f
m ake up lost time A f ter bein g th u s m an a cle d . sl avery From bein g the son of a sl aveholder I
.
,

for some months he was rele ase d— b ut his S pirit ,

descende d to the c ondition of a sl ave an d from ,

was unsubd ued Soon after his m aster in a p a .

, , th at condi tion I rose ( if y ou ple ase to c all i t so ) ,

ro xy sm o f r age f ell u pon him wore o ut his st aff to the st ation of a d r iver I h ave lived i n ‘ ’
.
, ,

upon his he a d lo ade d him again with ch ains an d

, , Al ab am a Tennessee an d Kent u cky ; an d I
, ,

af ter a month sold him farther so uth Another

,
. k n ow the condition o f the sl aves to be th at of
sl ave by the n am e o f M inc e who was a m an of
, ,
u nm ixed w retchedness an d de r a d ati on
g And .

g re a t stren g th p u rloi ne d some b acon on a Chri st

,
on the p art of sl aveholders there is cr u elty u n tol d ,
.

m as eve I t was mi sse d in t he mornin g an d he

. , The l abor o f the sl ave is const ant toil wr un g out ,

bein g absent was o f co urse s u spected O n re

,
. by f e ar Their food is sc anty an d t aken witho u t
.
,

tu rnin g home m y u ncle com m an de d him to ,

com fort Their clothes answer the p urposes nei
.

com e to him b ut he re f used The m aster strove

,
. ther of com fort nor decency T hey are not allow .

in v ain to l ay h ands on him in v ain he ordere d ed to re ad or write Whether they m ay worship G od .

his sl aves to seize him — they d are d n ot At . or not depends on the will of the m aster
, The .

len gth the m aster h urled a stone at his he ad youn g children until they c an work o ften go , ,

s ufficient to h ave felled a b ul lock— b ut he did not n aked d urin g the w arm we ather I coul d spen d .

he e d it At th at inst ant my au nt Spr an g for

. m onths in det ailin g the s u fferi n gs de gr ad ation ,

ward an d pre se n ti n g the gun to m y uncle e x

, , an d cr u elty inflicted u pon sl a ves B ut m y so ul .

clai m e d Shoot him shoot him

, He m a de sickens at the rem embrance of these thin gs .

the attempt b ut the gun missed fire an d M ince

, ,

T ES T I M O N Y O F M R . LEMU EL S A PIN G T O N , A N ATI V E O F M A RY LA N D .

”
hl r . repent ant sou l driver or
S ap in gton , is a went to the S o u thern p art of Vir gini a f or th e
sl ave tr ader n ow a citizen o f L anc aster P a
, , .
p u rpose of tr affi ckin g in sl aves I n th at p art o f .

He gives the f ollowing testim ony in a letter the s t ate the cru elties pr actise d u pon the sl aves
, ,

d ate d J an 2 1 1 839
are f ar
gre ater th an where I lived The p u n .

,
ishm e n ts there o f ten res u lte d in de ath to the
. .
,

I was born i n M aryl and after wards m ove d to , sl ave There was no l aw for the ne gro b ut
.
,

Vir gini a where I comm ence d the b u siness

,
th at of the overseer s whi p In th at p art of ’
.

of f armin
g an d tr affickin g i n sl aves In my . the co u ntry the sl aves receive nothin g f or f ood
, ,

nei ghborhood the sl aves were quartere d T he .

’
b ut corn i n the e ar which has to be prep are d ,

description gener ally given o f ne gro q uarters is fo r b akin g af ter workin g ho urs by grindin g it ,

correct T he q u arters are withou t floors an d

.
, w ith a h and mill This they t ake to the fields
- .

not s uffi cient to keep off the in clemency of the with them an d prep are it for e atin g by holdin g
, ,

we ather they are u ncom fortable both in s u mmer

, it on their hoes over a fire m ade by a stu mp , .

an d w inter The f ood there consists of pot atoes

.
, Am o n g the gan gs are o ften you n g wom en who , ,

pork an d corn which were given to them d aily

, , , brin g their children to the fields an d l ay them in ,

by we 1 ght an d me as u re The sexes were hu d . a f en ce corne r while they are at work only bein
, g ,

died to gether promisc u o usly T heir clothin g is . perm itted to n u rse them at the option o f the
m ade by them selves after n i ght thou gh some , overseer I Vhen a child i s three weeks ol d a
.
,

times assisted by the ol d women who are no wom an is consi dered in workin g order [ h ave .

l on ger able to do o u t door work c onseq uently it , seen a wom an with her yo u n g child str apped to
,

is h arsh an d u ncom f ort able I h ave f requ ently . her b ack labo rin g the whole day beside a m an
, , ,

seen those of both sexes who h ave n ot att ained perh aps the father of the child an d he n ot bein g ,

the age o f twelve ye ars go n ak d Their p un e

. p ermitted to give her an y assist ance him sel f be in g ,

ishm e n ts are i nv a ri ably cr uel For the sli ghtes t . u nder the whip The u n com m on h u m anity of
.

offe nce s uch as t akin g a hen s e gg I h ave seen

,
’
, the driver allowing her the com f ort o f doin g so .

them stripped an d s u spen de d by their h ands , I was then sellin g a drove o f sl aves which I had ,

their f eet tie d to gether a fence rail of ordin ary , bro ught by w ater f rom B altim ore m y conscience ,

siz e p l ace d between their ankles an d then most , not allowin g me to drive as was gener ally the
t3 ,

cr u elly whipped u ntil f rom he ad to foot they , , , e ase u nitin g the sl aves by c oll ars an d c h ai ns ,

were completely l acerated a pi ckle m ade for the ,

an d th u s drivi n
g them u nder the whip Abo u t .

p urpose o f s alt an d w ater wo uld then be ap p l i , th at time an u n acco u nt able somethin g which I ,

cd by 9 f ellow sl ave for the p u r p ose o f h e aling

. -
, n ow know w as an interposition o f Providence
,

the wo u nds as well as givin g p ain Then t ak en . p revented me f rom prosec u tin g an y farthe r
down an d withou t the le ast re sp ite sent to work this u nholy tr affi c ; b ut tho u gh I had quitte d i t I ,

with the ir hoe . still contin u ed to live in a sl ave state witn essin g ,

Pursuin g my ass um ed ri ght of drivin g so uls I , every day its e vil e ff ec ts U pon my fello w beings .

4
 P erson al N arratwes— W il l iam C . G i l dersl e eve

Amon g which was a he art re a din g scene th at - p urpose of keepin g him sec ure B ut ch oo sin g .

took p lace in my f ather s ho u se which l e d m e ’

, de ath r ather th an sl avery he j umped overbo ard ,

to le ave a sl ave st ate as well as al l the im agin a ,

an d w as drowned W hen I ret urned fo ur weeks .

r com f orts arisin O n prep arin g af terw ards his body th at had flo ated three m iles
y g f rom sl avery .
,

fo r my re m ov al to the st ate o f Pennsylv ani a it , belo w was yet unb uried O n e f act ; it is im
, .

bec am e necess ary f or m e to go to L o uisville i n , possible f or a person to p ass th ro ugh a sl ave

Kent u cky where if possible I b e c am e more
, , , st ate if he has eyes open witho u t behol din ge very
, ,

horrified w ith the impositions pr ac tice d u pon the d ay cr u elties rep ugn an t to h um an ity .

ne gro th an be f ore There a sl ave was sold to . Respect f ully Yo urs ,

go f arther so uth an d was h and c u ff e d for the ,

-
LE M UE L S A P ING T O N .

T ES T IMO N Y O F M RS -
. N AN C Y LO W RY, A N AT I V E O F KEN T UC KY .

M rs Lo wry is m ember of the n on con form a - the flo ggin g fo r sever al d ays The l ast flo ggin g .

N e d go t he was confi ned to the b e d which h e

.
,

ist c hu rch in O sn ab urg S t ark C o un ty O hio , ,

never le f t till he was c arried to his gr ave

.
, , ,

she is a n ative o f Kent u ck y We h ave received

_
.

.
D urin g John s confinement in his l ast sic k n es s
’

f rom he r the f ollowin g testi m ony on on e occ asion while attendin

g on him b e e x
.
,

I re si de d i n the fam ily of Re u ben L on g the , cl aim ed ‘ O h N ancy M iss N ancy I h aven t
, , , ,
’

prin cip al p art of the time fro m seven to twenty , m u c h lon ger in this world I f eel as if my w hol e ,

two ye ars o f age M r L o n g had 1 6 sl aves . .

,
bod y insi de an d al l my bones were be ate n into a
am on
g whom were three who were tre ate d j elly S oon aft e r he die d John an d N ed were
’
. .

with severity altho ugh M r L on g was thou ght , . both pro fessors of reli gion .

to b e a very h u m ane m aster : These three n amely ,

“
John R uffner a sl aveholder had one sl ave , ,

John N e d an d J am es had wives ; John an d n amed Piney w hom he as well as M rs Rufi n e r

'

, , , , .

N e d had theirs at some dist ance b ut J ames had , wo u ld o f ten fl og very severely I f requ ently .

saw M rs Ru fi n e r fl o
'

his with him All t hree die d a prem at ure de ath g her with the broom shovel
'

. .
, , ,
an d it w as gener ally believed by his nei ghbors , or an y thin g she co u ld seize in her r age Sh e .

th at e xtrem e whippin g was the c au se I believe . wo uld knock her down an d the n kick an d st amp
so too N e d died abo u t the age o f 25 an d Joh n
. her m ost u nm erci f ully u nt il she wo u ld he ap ,

3 4 or 3 5 The c au se of their flo ggin g was com

. p arent ]y so li feless th a t I more th an once thought ,

m on l y st ayin g a little over the ti m e with their , she wo u ld n ever recover O f ten Piney wo u ld .

wives M r L on g wo u ld ti e t hem u p by the

. . try to shelter hersel f f rom the blows o f her m is
wrist so hi gh th at their toes wo u ld j u st to u ch
,
tress by creepin g u nder the bed f rom which
, ,

the gro u nd an d then with a cow h ide l ay the l ash M rs Ru fi n c r wo uld dra w her by the feet an d
'

-
, . ,

u pon the n ake d b ac k u ntil he was exh au sted , ,

then st am p an d le ap on he r body till he r bre at h ,

when he wo u ld sit down an d rest A s soon as . wo uld be gone O ften Piney wo u l d c ry Oh

.
, ,
”
he had reste d s uffi ciently h e wo ul d ply the cow , M issee d on t kill,me 2 O h L ord d on t kill
’
,
’

hide again th u s he w ou ld contin ue u ntil the me F or God s s ake don t kill me ! B ut ’ ’ ’

,

whole b ack of the poor victi m was l acer ated M rs Rufl n er wo ul d be at an d s tam p aw ay w ith
'

.
,

i nto on e u ni form co at of blood Yet h e was a . al l the venom of a dem on T he c au se o f P in e y s .

’

stric t pro fessor o f the Christi an reli gi on in the ,

flo ggin g was not wo kin g enou gh or m akin g
,
r
,

so uthern ch urch I f requ ently w ashe d the . som e mist ake i n b akin g & c & c M any a . . .

wo u nds o f John with s al t w ater to prevent , ,

ni ght Piney had to lie on the b are floor by the ,

p utre faction This was the u su al co u rse p u rsu

. side of the cr adle rockin g the b aby of her m is ,

ed af ter a severe flo ggin g ; their b acks wo ul d be tre ss an d if she wo uld fall asleep an d su ffe r the
, ,

f u ll of gashes so deep th at I c oul d almost l ay my

,
child to cry so as to w aken M rs Rulf n e r she
, .
,

fin ger in them They were gener all y l aid up af te r. wo uld b e s ure to receive a flo ggin g .

T ES T I MO N Y M R W M C G ILDE RS LEE V E A N AT I V E O F G EO R G IA
. . . ,

M r W C G I L DER S L E EVE , a n ative of Geor gia i s m u ch e ff ort to st art him f rom his hidin g p l ac e
had prove d u ns u ccess f ul it was resolved to l ay
. . . ,

an elder of the Presbyteri an Ch urch at W il kes ,

a n am b ush f or him some dist ance ahe ad The ,

.

b arre ,
Pa .
w agon m e antime was in ch ar ge of a l ad who
, , ,

A c ts o f c ruc l ty , without n um ber, f e l l un der m y accomp anied the te amster a s an assist an t The .

observ ation wh ile I live d in Geor gi a

I will .
little boy l ay still till ne arly ni ght ( in the hope ,

mention b ut one A sl ave o f a M r Pinkney on . .

, prob ably th a t the te amster wo uld r e t u rn ) when ,

his way with a w agon to S av ann ah ‘ c amped ,

’
he st a rted with his wagon A f ter tr avellin g .

fo r the ni ght by the ro a d side Th a t ni ght the .

,
som e dist ance the lost on e m ade his ap p e a rance
, ,

ne arest hen roost was robbed O n his ret urn

-
. ,
when the amb u sh spr an g u p on him T he poor .

the hen roost was agai n v isited an d th e f owl

-
, f e l low was cond u cte d b ack to the pl ant ation .

co unted one l oss in the mornin g The oldest son .

,
He expected little mercy He be gged fo r him .
~

with so m e atte n dants m ade se arch an d c am e ,

sel f in the mo st sup l ic atin g m anner
,
pr ay ,

u pon the poor fe ll ow in the ac t o f dressin g his ,

m ass a give me 1 0 0 l ashes an d let me go He .
’

s p oil He was too nimble for them an d m ade

.
,
was then tie d by the h ands to a limb o f a l ar ge ,

i ts retre at good into a dense s w a mp W hen . m ulberry tree which grew i n the y ard so th at his
, ,
 P erson al N arrat ve
i sJ Hiram W hite — J . M N el son
. .

feetwere rai sed a f e w inches f rom the gro und ,

witnessed the whole without as I recollect , ,

while a s harp en e d stic k was driven u nderne a th ,

f eelin g the le ast comp assion S o h ardenin g is .

th at he m i ght rest his wei ght on it or s win g ,

the infl uence of sla very th at it very m u ch do ,

b y his h a nds I n this c ondition 1 0 0 l a s he s

. stroys f eelin g f or the sl ave .

were l aid on his b are body I stood by an d .

T E S T IM O N Y O F M R H I RA M W H IT E —A N AT I V E O F N O RT H C A RO LIN A . .

Mr e . reside d thirty two ye ars in Ch at

s - the s u ff erers ple adin g with their m asters to desist .

ham c o u nty N orth C arolin a an d is n owa mem

, ,
These scenes were m ore com m on thro u gh o ut the
b er of the B aptist Ch urch at O tter
tim e of m y residence there f rom to 1 8 3 1
reek Pr airie ,
.

, ,
M r H EDD I N G of Ch ath am co unty held a sl ave
.
,
I llinois .
wom an I tr aveled p ast Heddin gs as o f ten as
.

Abou t the 20 th December 1 83 0 a report was , , once in two weeks d urin g the winter of 1 82 8 ,

an d alw ays sawher cl ad in a sin le cotton dress

_

r aised th at the sl aves in Ch ath am co u nty N orth , g ,

C arolin a were goin g to rise on C hristm as day ”

, , sleeves c ame h al f way to the elbo w an d in order ,

in conseq u ence o f which a c onsider able commo .

to prevent her r unnin g away a child s upposed to , ,

tion ens u ed amon g the inh abit an ts ; orders were be abou t seven ye ars o f age was connecte d with ,

gi ve n by the Governor to the m iliti a c apt ains to , her by a lon g ch ain f astene d ro un d her neck an d ,

ap p oint p atrollin
g c apt ains i n e ach d istrict an d , in this situation she was compelle d al l the day to
orders were given for every m an subj ect to mili grub u p the roots o f shr ubs an d sap p l in gs to pre
t ary d uty to p atrol as their c apt ains sho u ld di p are gro und f or the plo ugh I t is not u nc o m mon .

rect I went two n i ghts i n s u ccession an d af ter

.
,
for sl aves to m ake u p on S und ays wh at they are
th at re fu sed to p atrol at al l The re ason why I re . not able to per f or m thro u gh the week of their
f used was this orders were given to se arch every t asks .

ne gro hou se for books o r pri n ts o f an y kind an d , A t the tim e of the r u m ore d ins urrection above
B ib l es an d H y m n b ook s were p artic ul arly men n amed Ch ath am j ail was filled with sl aves who
,

tio n e d An d s hou ld w e find an y ou r orders were

. , were said to h ave been concerned in the plot .

to inflict p u nishment by whippin g the sl ave u ntil W ithou t the le ast e vidence of it they were p u nish ,

he in f orm ed who gave the m to him or how they , e d in divers w ays ; some were whipped som e had ,

c am e b y them . their thu m bs sc rewed in a vic e to m ake them con

As re gards the co m f orts of the sl aves i n the f ess b ut n o proo f s atisf actory was ever obt aine d
'

vicinity o f my residen c e I c an say they had no , th at the ne groes had ever thought o f an in sur
thin g th at wo uld be ar th at n ame I t is tr u e the .
, rection n or did an y so f ar as I co ul d le arn ac
, ,

sl aves i n gener al of a good crop ye ar were , , kno wled ge th at an insurrection had ever been
toler ably well fe d b u t of a b ad crop ye ar they
, , p roj ected From this time f orth the sl aves were
.
,

were as a gener al thin g c ut short of their allow

, ,
. prohibite d f rom ass emblin g to gether for the wor
ance . Their ho u ses were p ole c abins witho u t , ship of God an d m any of those who had pre w
,

ou sl y b een au thorize d to pre ac h the

lo f t o r floor Their beds were m ade of wh at is
.
gospel were
there c alle d broom str aw ”
T he m en m ore - . prohibited .

commonly sleep on benches Their clothin g wo uld . Am al gam ation was comm on There was .

c omp are well with their lod gin g Whippin g was . sc arce a family o f sl aves th at had f em ales o f
common It W as h ardly p ossi b le for a m an with
. m at ure age where there were n ot som e m u l atto
a com mon p air o f e ars if he w as ou t of his ho u se ,
children .

b ut a short ti m e on M on d ay m ornin gs to m iss of , H I RA M W H ITE .

he arin g the so und of the l ash an d the cries o f ,

O tter C reek P rairie, J an . 22 , 1 8 39 .

T ES T IM O N Y O F M R JO HN M . . N ELS O N— A N A T I V E O F V IRG IN IA .

”
E xtr ac t o f a letter d ted J n y ,
nina g aw ay F or this they were sco ur ged m ore
a u ar 3 , l 83 9, f rom .

John M N elson E sq o f Hillsborough M r N e l severely th an for an y thin g else A f ter they h ave
.
, .
, . .
.

son remove d f ro m Vir gini a to Hi ghl an d co u n ty

been ret aken I h ave seen them strip p ed n a ke d ,

an d s u spen ded by the h ands sometim es to a ,

,
O hio m any ye ars since where he is e xtensively tree
, ,
sometim es to a post u ntil their toe s , ,

known an d respecte d .
b arely tou che d the gro und an d whippe d with ,

I was born an d r aise d in A ugu sta cou nty a cowhide u ntil the blood dripped fro m their ,

V ir ini a my f ather was an elder in the Presby b acks A boy n ame d J ack p artic u l arly I h av e
'

g .
, ,

teri a n Ch u rch an d w as o wn
,
e r ”
o f abo u t twen seen served in this way m ore th an once .

ty sl aves ; he was wh at was gener ally termed a When I was quite a child I recollect it grieve d m e ,
”
goo d m aster His sl ave s were gener ally toler very m uch to see on e tie d up to be whipped an d I
.
,

ably well f e d an d clothed an d not over worked u sed to interc e de with te a rs in their beh al f an d
, , ,

they were som etimes permitted to atten d ch urch m in gle m y cries with theirs an d feel almost wil , ,

an d c alle d in to f amily worship ; fe w o f them lin g to t ake p art of the p unish m ent I h ave ,

however av ailed themselves of thes e privile ges been severely reb uke d by my father for thi s kin d
, .

O n som e oc c asion s I h ave seen him whip them o f sym p athy Yet s u ch is the h ardenin g n ature .
,

p artic u l arly for the crim e o f tryin g to o f s uch scenes th at f rom this kind o f c o ni m isse
'

severely , ,

ob ta in their liberty , or for w hat w as c alled “ run ration for the s uff erin g sl ave , I b ec ame so b lun t ,
.
 P erson al N ar
ratives — A n gel in a G r im k e W e l d .

”
e d th at I co ul d n ot only witness their stripes with her owners she i s perm itted to re ad as m uch
,

c ompos ure b ut my se lf inflict them an d th at

, , as she ple ases ; this she c a n do with the aid o f ,

witho ut rem orse O n e c ase I h ave o f ten looke d

.
gl asses in the old family Bi b le which is almos t
, ,

b ack to with sorro w an d contrition p artic ul arly , the only book she has ever looked into This with .

s ince I h ave been convinced th at ne groes are “

som e little mendin g for the bl ack children is al l ,

m en ”
. When I was perh aps f o urteen or fi fteen she does ; she is still held as a sl a ve I well re .

y e ars of age I u ndertook to corr e ct a yo un g fol

,
.
member wh at a heart T e n d in g sc en e ther e was in -

l o w n a m ed N e d f o r som e s uppose d ofi c n c e
'

,
I the fam ily whe n m y f ather sol d he r husb an d ; this
thin k it was le avin g a bridle ou t of its proper was I s uppose thirty fi v e ye ars ago And yet m y
, ,
-
.

pl ace ; he bein g l arger an d stron ger th an mysel f f ather was considered on e of the bes t o f m aste rs .

took hol d o f m y arms an d held m e in order to , I know of fe w who were better b u t of m an y ,

p revent m y strikin g hi m this I considere d the who were worse .

hei gh t o f i nsolence an d crie d f or help whe n The l ast tim e I saw my f ather which was in
’

, , ,

my f ather an d m other both c am e r u nnin g to m y the f all o f 1 832 he promised me th at he wo uld ,

resc ue My father strip ped an d tie d him an d

.
,
f ree al l hi s sl ave s at his de ath He die d however .

took him into the orch ard where sw itches were , witho u t doin g it ; an d I h ave u nderstood since ,

p lenty an d dire cte d m e to whip him ; when on e

, th at he omitte d it thro ugh the infl uence of Rev , .

s witc h we re ou t he s upplie d m e with others A fter . Dr S peece a Presbyterian minister who lived in
.
, ,

I had whipped him a while he f ell o n his knees , the fam ily an d Was a a warm f rien d of the C o
,

to i mplore f or giveness an d I kicke d him i n the ,

Ion iz a tion S oc ie ty .

f ace ; my f ather s aid don t k ick him b ut whip

,
’
, Abo u t the ye ar 1 80 9 or 1 0 I b ec am e a st uden t , .

him this I did u ntil his b ack was liter ally c ov o f Rev George B ourne ; he was the first aboli
.

ered with wel ts I kno w I h ave repented an d

.
,
tion ist I had ever s een an d the first I had ever ,
"

trust I h ave obt ained p ardon for these thin gs . he ard pr ay or ple a d for the oppressed which ,

M y father owne d a wom an ( we u sed to c all , gave me the first mis givin gs abo ut the i n n ocen c e
a unt Gr ace ) she w ,as p urch ase d in O l d Vir gini a . of sl aveholdin
g I receive d impressions f rom M r
. .

S he has told me th at her ol d m aste r in his wil l , , B ou rne which I co uld not ge t rid o f * an d deter ,

gave her her f reedom b ut at his de ath his s ons , , mine d in my o wn m ind th at when I settled in
had sold her to m y f ather : when he bo ught her
“

li f e i t sho uld be in a free st ate ; this determ in a

,

she m ani fested som e u nwillin ness to

g go with tion I c arried into e ffec t in 1 81 3 when I re moved ,

him when she was p ut in irons an d t ake n by

, to this pl ace which I S upposed at th at tim e to
, ,

f orce This was be f ore I was born b ut I remem

. be al l the opposition to sl avery th at was n oces
he r to h ave seen the irons an d was told th at was , s ary b ut the mom ent I bec ame convince d th at
,

wh at they had been u sed fo r A u nt Gr ace i s . al l sl aveholdin

g was in itsel f sin f u l I bec ame an ,

still livin g an d m u st be between seventy an d aboli tionist whic h w as abo ut f o ur ye ars a o

, , g .

ei ghty ye ars of age ; she has for the l ast f orty

ye ars been an e xempl ary Ch risti an t : I w
r as
,
Mr . B ourn e resi ded seve in p eril s n y ea s r in V i
'

n ia, “

am o g f alse b rethr fi erc ely p e rsec ute f or his f ai thf ul

, . "
n e n ,
a yo u th I took some p ain s to le arn her to re a d testim on y again st sl ave ry More than twen ty y e ars sin c e.

this is now a gre at consolation to her S ince age .

he p ub lished a wo rk e n title d “ T he ook an d S l avery irre
”
B
con c il eab l e
an d infirm ity h ave rendered her of little v a l ue to
.

T ES T IMO N Y o r A N G E LI N A G RI MKEW ELD .

Mrs Weld is the yo un gest d au ghter

. of the the y weep their h u sb ands an d c hildren b e
for ,

l ate J u d ge Grim k e of the S upre m e C o u rt o f c ause they are not ; an d the pro u d w aves do con
,
tin ual l y go over them while no eye pitieth an d
Sou th C arolina an d a sister of the l ate Hon
,
.
, ,

no m an c areth for their so uls .

T hom as S Grimk e of Ch arles ton

.
, .
B ut it i s not alone for the s ake o f m y poor
brothers an d sisters i n b onds or f or the c ause of ,

tr u th an d ri ghteo u sness an d h u m anity th at I

, , ,

I sit d ow n to co mply with thy requ est pre fer , te sti fy ; the deep ye arnin gs of aff ction for the e

re d in the n ame o f the E xec u tive Com mittee o f mother th at bore me who is still a sl aveholder , .

the Am eric a n A n tLS l ave ry Society The re . . both in f ac t an d in he art ; for my brothe rs an d
sponsibility l aid u pon m e by s u ch a req u est le a ves , sisters ( a l arge fam ily circle ) an d f or m y n u
, ,

me no Option W hile I live an d sl avery lives I

. . , m e rou s other sl aveholdin g kin dred in S o uth C a
m u st testi fy against it I f I sho u ld hol d m y . rol in a constr ai n me to Spe ak : for eve n were
,

pe ace the stone wo u ld cry o ut of the w all a n d

, , sl avery n o c urse to its victims the e xercise o f ,

the be am o u t o f the timber wo uld ans wer it ”

. arbitr ary power works su c h f e ar fu l r u in u pon the
B u t tho ugh I f e el a necessity u pon m e an d a ,
“
he arts of sl avehol d ers th at I sho u l d f ee l impelle d ,

woe u nto m e ” if I withhold my testim ony I

, ,
to l abor an d pr ay for its overthrow with my l ast
give i t wi th a he avy he art M y flesh crieth ou t .
, ener gies an d l ates t bre ath .

“
if i t be possible let this c u p p ass f rom me
, I think it important to premise th at I have ,

b ut , Father thy will be done ” is I tr ust the

, , , , seen alm ost nothin g o f sl avery on p l an tation s .

bre athin g of my spirit O h the sl ain o f the .

, M y testim ony will h ave respec t excl u sively to
”
d au gh te r of my peo p le they lie in al l the w ays ; the tre atmen t o f hou se serva n s an d chiefly
t “ -
,

the ir te ars fall as the r ain an d are their me at , those belon gin g to the first fam ilies in the city of
d ay an d ni ght ; their blood ru nneth d own like Ch arleston both i n the reli gio u s an d i n the fash
,

w ater ; their p l undered he arths are desol ate ; ion ab l e world A nd here l e t m e say th at the
.
,
 P erson a l N arratives— A n gel in a G rim k e W eld .

tre atm en t of p l an ta tion sl aves c annot be f ully v ul gar an d rep u lsive f orm s I saw it in the c ity . ,

known excep t by the p oor su ff erers themselves

, , amon g the f ashion able an d the honor able where ,

an d their drivers a n d overseers In a m u ltit u de . i t was garnished by refinem ent an d decke d out ,

of inst ances even the m aster c an kno w very lit

, f or sho w A f e w f a c ts will u n f old the st ate o f
.

tle o f the a ct u al condition o f his own fi el d sl aves -

,
society i n the circle w ith which I was famili ar ,

an d his wi f e an d d au hter s f ar less

g A f e wf acts . f ar better th an an y general assertions I c an m ake .

concernin g my own f am ily w ill show this O ur . I will first introd uce the re a de r to a wom an
perm anent residence was in Ch arleston ; ou r of the hi hes t respect ability— on e who w as f ore
g
co untry se at ( Bellemont ) was 20 0 miles dist ant
-
, ,
m ost i n every benevolent enterprise an d stood ,

in the n orth weste rn p art of the st ate ; where for

-
,
for m an y ye a rs I m ay say at the hea d of the , ,

some ye ars o u r f amily spent a f e w months ann u

,
f ashion able élite of the city o f Ch arleston an d ,

a lly . O ur p l an tation was three miles f rom this af terw ards at the he ad of the mor al an d reli gio u s
f amily m ansion There al l the fi e l d sl aves lived
.
,
- fem ale society there I t was af ter she had m ade .

an d worked O cc asion ally once a month per

.
, ,
a pro fession o f reli ion
g an d retire d f rom the ,

h ap s som e of the fam ily wo uld ri de over to the

,
f ashion able world th a t I knew he r ; there f ore I ,

pl antation b ut I never visited the fi el ds where the

,
will present her in her reli gio u s ch ar acter T his .

sl aves w e re a t w ork an d knew almost nothin l ady u sed to keep cowhide s o r sm al l p addles
g of , , ,

their condition ; b ut this I do kno w th at the , ( c alled p anc ake

‘
in fo ur di ff eren t ap art
overseers who ha d ch arge of them were gene ,
m ents in her ho u se ; so th at when she wished to
r ally un principle d an d i ntemper ate men B ut I . p u nish or to h ave p u nishe d an y of her sl aves she
, , ,

rej oice to kno w th at the gener al tre atment o f , mi ght not h ave the tro uble o f sending for an in
sl aves in th at re gi on o f co untry was far milder , str um en t of tort ure For m any ye ars one or .
,

th an on the pl ant ations in the lower co u ntry . other an d of ten m ore of her sl aves were flo gged
, ,

Thro ugho u t al l the e astern an d mid dle por eve r

y d ay ; p artic ul arly the yo u n g sl aves abo u t
tions of the state the pl an te rs v ery r arely resi de , the ho use whose f aces were sl a p ped or their
, ,

p e rm ane n tly o n their pl ant atio n s Th ey h ave . h an ds be at wi th the p anc ake stick for every ‘
,
’

alm ost inv ari ably tw o resi d ences an d spend less , triflin g o ffence— an d of ten for no fau lt at al l .

th an hal f the ye ar on their est ates E ve n while . B ut the fl oggin gs were n o t al l ; the scoldin gs
S pen din
g a fe w m onths on them politi es fi eld , ,
a n d ab u se d aily he ape d u pon them al l were ,

sports rac e s spec u l ations j o u rneys visits com

, , , , ,
worse : f ools an d li ars sl u ts an d h usseys
‘ ’ ‘
,
’ ‘ ’ ‘
,
’

p any literary p urs uits & c abso rb so m u ch o f

, , .
, hypocrites an d good for nothi n g
’
- -

t heir time th at the y m u st to a consider able e x

, , were the c om m on epithets wi th whi ch her m o u th
tent t ake the condi tion of their sl aves o n tru st
, ,
was fille d when ad dressin g her sl ave s a d u lts as
, ,
f ro m the reports of their overseers I m ake this . well as chil dren Very o f te n she woul d t ake a .

st atement bec au se these sl aveholders ( the we alth

, p osition at her window in an U pper story an d , ,

ier cl ass ) are I believe a lmost the only ones who

, . , scold at her sl aves while workin g in the garden .

visit the north with their families — an d northern at some dist ance f rom the h o u se
( a l ar ge y ard ,

o p inion s of sl avery are b ased chie fly on their te s i ntervenin g ) an d occ asion ally order a flo ggin g
,
.

tim on I h ave known her th u s on the w atch scoldin g

y .
,
B ut not to dwell on prelimin aries I wish to ,
f or more th an an ho u r at a time in so lo u d a ,

record m y testimony to the f ai th fulness an d ac voi ce th at the whole n ei ghborhood cou ld he ar

c u racy with which my beloved sister S ar ah M , . her ; an d this witho u t the le ast app arent f eelin g
G rimk e has i n her n arrati ve an d testimony on
, , ,
’
of sh am e Indeed it was n o d isgrace am on g
.
,

a precedin sl ave hol d ers an d did n o t in the le ast i n j u re he r

g p age describe d the con dition of the ,
.

sl aves an d the e ff ect u pon the he arts o f sl ave

, standin g e ithe r as a l ady or a Christi an i n the
, ,

holders ( e ven the best ) c au se d by the exercise

, ,
aristocr ati c circle in which she m oved A fter .

o f u nlimited p ower over mor al a ents O f the the reviv al in Ch arleston i n 1 82 5 she opened
‘ ’
g .
, ,

p artic ul ar ac ts which she has st ated I h ave no , her ho u se to soci al pr ayer meetin gs The room - .

person al knowled ge as they occ urre d be f ore m y ,

in which they were held i n the evenin g an d ,

rem embr ance ; b u t o f the spirit th at prompted where the voice o f prayer was he ard aro u n d the
them an d th at constantly displ ays itsel f in scenes
,
fam ily alta r an d where she hersel f retire d f or
,

o f sim il a r h o rro r the rec ollections of my child ,

pri vate devotion thrice e ach day was the very ,

hood an d the e ff ae el e ss imprint u pon my riper

, pl ace i n whi ch when her sl aves were to be w hi p
,
.

y e ars with the bre akin g o f my he ar t stri n gs

, ,
pe d with the cowhi de they were t ak e n to receive ,

whe n findin g th at I was powerless to shield the

, the infliction ; an d the w ail of the s u ff erer wou ld
vi ctims I tore m y sel f from my hom e an d f riends
, ,
be he ard where perh aps only a f e w ho urs pre
, ,

an d bec ame an e xile a m on str an ers— al l these v io u s rose the voices o f pr ayer an d pr aise T his
g g ,
.

thro n g a ro und me as witnesses an d thei r testi , . mistre ss wou ld occ asion ally send her sl aves m ale ,

mony is gr aven on my mem ory w ith a pen of an d f em ale to the Ch arleston work ho u se to be
,
-

fire . p unished O n e poor girl whom she sent there

.
,

t y I did not becom e tot ally h ardene d under to be flo gged an d who was accordin gly stripped
“

, ,

t he d aily oper ation o f this system God only n a k e d an d whipped sho wed m e the deep ashes
,
g ,

kno ws ; in deep sole m nity an d gr atit u de I say , , on her b ack— I mi ght h ave l aid my whole fin ger
it was the L ord s doin g an d m arvello u s i n mine ’
, in them — l a rge p iec es of fi esl t had ac tu a l l y b een
eyes E ven be f ore my h eart was to u che d with
. c u t ou t by the tortu ri n
g l ash S he sent an other .

the love o f Christ I u sed to say O h th at I had , ,

f em ale sl ave there to be i mprisoned an d worked ,
t he wi n s o f a dove th at I m i ht flee aw ay an d
g g ,
on the tre ad mill This girl was confined sever al
.

be at re st for I f elt th at there co ul d be no rest fo r d ays an d f orce d to work the mill while in a state
,

m e i n the m idst o f s u ch o u tr ages an d p oll utions o f s uff erin

.
g from another c au se For ten d ay s .

And yet I saw n othin g of sl avery i n its most or tw o weeks after her ret urn she w
,
as l ame from
,
 54 P erson al N arratives— An ge l in a G rim k e W e l d .

the violent exertion necess ary to en able her to The followin g i s an other il l ust ration of i t
keep the step on the m achine She spoke to m e A mistress in Ch arleston sent a grey he aded
.

with intense f eelin g o f this o u trage u pon her as f em al e slave to the workho use an d had he r se , ,

a wom a n Her men ser v ants were sometimes v ere l y flo gged The poor old wom an went to an
. .

flo gged there an d so exce e din gl y o ff ensi ve ha s acq uain t ance o f mine an d be gge d her to b uy her ,

been the p ut rid fl e sh o f their l acer ate d hac k s for an d told he r how cr u elly she had been whipped , .

d ays af ter the infliction th at they wo ul d be kept f riend ex am ined her l ac era te d b a c k an d o ut
, ,

o ut o f the ho use— the sm ell arisin

g f rom thei r of comp assion did p urch ase her The circ um .
~

wo u nds b ein g to o h orrible to be end u red They st ance was mentione d to one of the form er o wn .

were alw ays s ti ff an d sore for some d ays an d not er s rel atives who aske d he r if it were tr ue ,
’
, .

in a condition to be s ee n by visitors The mistress told her i t was an d s ai d th at she .

,

This pro fes s e dly Christi an wom an was a most had m ade the severe whippin g o f this aged we
,

a w f ul ill ustr ation of the r uino u s infl u ence o f m an a su bj ec t of p ray e r an d th at she believed she ,

a rbitr ary power U pon the tem per— her b u rsts had done ri ght to h ave it inflicted upon her ’
.

o f p assion u pon the he ads o f her victim s were l ast owner o f the poor ol d sl ave s aid she ’
, ,

dre aded eve n by her o wn chil dren an d very had no fault to fin d with he r as a serv ant , .

o f ten al l the ple a s u re o f soci al interco urse aro und

, I rem em b er very well th at when I was a c hild ,
the domestic bo ar d was de stroyed by her order o ur next door nei hbor whipp ed a yo u n
,
g g wom an
in g the cook into her presence an d s torm in g at so br u t ally th a t i n order to esc ape his b l ows she, ,

h im when the dinner o r b re ak fast was not pre r ushed thro ugh the dr awin g room wind ow i n the
, -

p ared to her t aste an d in the prese n ce of al l her second story an d fell upon the street p avement
, ,

chil dren co m m andin g the w aiter to sl ap his face belo w an d broke he r hip This circ u mstanc e
, . .

F a ul tfi n d in g was with her the const ant a ecom

-
, prod uced no excitement or inq uiry .

p an im e n t o f every m e al an d b anished th at pe ace The f ollowi n g circ um st ance occ u rre d i n

,

which sho uld hover arou nd the soci al bo ard an d Ch arleston i n 1 82 8 , ,

sm ile on e very face I t was common for her to .A sl aveholder after flo ggi n g a little girl ,

ord e r brothers to whip their own sisters an d sis abo ut thirteen ye ars old set her on a t able w ith , ,

ters their o wn brother s an d yet no wom an visited her f eet f astened i n a p air o f stocks H e the n
, .

a m o n g the poor m ore th an she did or

gave m ore l o ok e d the d oor an d took o u t the key ,
Wh en the .

liber ally to relieve their w ants This m ay seem do o r was opened she was fo un d de ad h avin g .
,

per fectly u n acco u n table to a northerner b u t these f allen from the table I Vhen I aske d a prom inent , .

s ee m in
g contr adictions v anish whe n we c on l awyer who belon ge d to on e o f the fi rst fam ilies ,

sider th at over them she posse ssed n o arbitr ary in the St ate wh ether the m u r derer of this help ,

p ower they were alw ays presented to her mind less child co u ld not be indicted he coolly replie d , ,

—s property an d if
,

as un fort un a te s uff erers tow ards whom her sy m th at the sl ave was M r
, .
’
,

p athi c s mo st freely flowed ; she was ever re ady he chose to s uffer the l oss no one else had an y ,

to wipe the te ars f rom the ir eyes an d open wide thin g to do with it The loss of hum an l if e the , . ,

her p urse for the ir relie f b ut the others were her distress o f the p arents an d other rel ati ves o f the
,

v assa l s thr u st down by p ublic opinion bene ath li ttle girl seeme d u tterly o ut of his tho ughts :
, ,

her f e e t to be at her beck an d c all ever re ady to i t was the loss of p rop erty on l y th at presente d
, ,
-

s erve in al l h u mility her whom God i n his pro itsel f to his mind
, ,
~
.

v id e n c e had se t over them — it was their d u ty to I kne w a gentl em an o f gre at benevolence an d

abide in abj ect s u bmission an d hers to c om e l generosity of ch ar acter so e ssenti ally to inj ure
p , ,

them to do se — it was thu s that she re ason e d the eye o f a little boy abo u t ten ye ars ol d as to .
, ,

Except at f am ily pr ayers none were permitted destroy its si ght by the blow o f a cowhide ih
, , ,

to sit i n he r presence b u t the se amstresse s an d fl ic te d whil st he was whippin g him * I h ave

, .

waiti n g m aid s an d t hey ho wever delic ate m i ght he ard the s am e individ ual spe ak of bre akin g
, ,
“

be th e ir circ um st ances were f orced to sit u pon down the S pirit of a sl ave u nder the l ash as p e r
,

low stools witho u t b acks th at they mi ght be fe c tl y ri ght

, ,
.

const an tly rem i n ded o f their in feriority A sl ave I also know th at an aged sl ave o f his ( b y . ,

who w aited in the ho u se was guilty on a p artic u m arri age ) was allowed to ge t a sc an ty an d p re
, ,

l ar occ asion o f goi n g to visit his wi fe an d kept c ario u s s ubsiste nce by be ggin g in the streets o f , ,

dinn e r w aitin g a lit tle ( his wi fe was the sl ave Ch arleston —he was too old to work an d there
, ,

o f a l ady who live d at a little d is tance ) When f ore his a l l owa n c e was stop p e d an d he was .
,

the fam il y sat d own to the t able the m istress t u rned ou t to m ake his livin g by b e ggin g ,
.

be gan to scold the w aiter for the o ffence — he at When I was abo u t thirteen y ears old I attend ,

te m p te d to exc use him sel f— she ord e red him to e d a sem in ary i n Ch arleston which was s uper , ,

hold his ton gue — he ve n t ured another apolo gy ; inten ded by a m an an d his wi fe of s u p erior e du
her son t hen rose from the t able in a r age an d c ation They had u nder their in str uction the , .

he at the fa ce an d e ars o f the w aiter so dre ad f u lly au ghte rs o f ne arly al l the aristocr a cy Their .

th at the bloo d gushed from his m o uth an d n ose ru e l t to their sl aves both m ale an d f em ale I
y , , , ,

an d c ars This mistress was a p ro f essor of re c an never f or get I remember one dav there was
. .

l igion ; her d au ghter who rel ated the circ u m c alle d into the school room to open a W i ndo w a ,

stanc e was a f e l l owm em b er o f the Presbyt eri an

T he J ewi h l awwo ul d hav e set this serv an t f re e f o r
,

ch urch with the p oor ou traged sl ave— inste ad of s ,

his e y e s sak e b u t he was held in sl a e ry a d sold f ro m

’
v n
feelin g indi gn ation at th is o u tr a geo u s ab u se o f ,

han d to han d although b es ide s this title t his l ib e rty s e

c rd in g to J wish l a w h was a m u l a tt
o
, ,
he r b rother in the ch urch she j u stified the d eed ,
‘
an d th re fo r f ree . o e ,
e o
,
e e

an d s aid he got j u st wh at he deserve d ” I un de r the C o stitu ion o f the U n ited S tat h in w h p r

“ n t e s, ose o .

am b l e o u r f athe rs de l are that th y e stab l i

.

e d it c e s
sole m nl y b elieve this to be a tr ue pict ure of to .

u re the b l ess in gs of l ib erty to thei m el v cs an d th ir

“
. se c e
sl avehol d in
g re l igion .
p ostm i ty
'

.
" — ED .
56 P erson al N arratives —A n ge l in a G rim k e W el d .

them to e at from They kno w n othin g o f the . at al l I know an inst ance of a wom an who has
.

com fort an d ple asure o f gatherin g ro un d the so .

been m arried eleven ye ars an d yet has never bee n ,

c ial bo ard — e ach t akes his pl ate or tin p an an d allowe d to sleep o u t o f her mistress s ch amber ’
.
~

iron spoon an d holds it in the h and or on the This is a grea t h ardship to sl aves When we c o n .

l ap. I n e ver saw sl aves se ate d ro u n d a tab l e to sider th at ho u se sl aves are r arely allowed soci al
p art ake o f an y me al . interco urse d urin g the d ay as their work gener ,

A s the gener al r u le 11 0 li ghts of an y kind no , , ally sep a ra tes them the b arb arity of s u ch an ar
fi re woo d— no towels b asins o r so ap no t ables , , , , r an gement is obvio u s It is pec ul i arly a h ardship
.

ch airs or other f urnit ure are provided W ood f or

, , . in the ab ove c ase as the h u sb and of the wom an
,

cookin g an d w ashin gf or the f amil y is fou nd b ut , does not belon g” to her owner an d bec ause
“

wh en the m aster s work is done the sl ave m ust ’

, he is s u bj ect to dre ad f ul att acks of illness an d ,

find wood for himsel f if he has a fire I h ave . c an h ave b u t little attention f rom his wi f e in the

repe atedly known sl ave chi l dre n kept the whole d ay . And yet he r m istress who is an ol d l ady , ,

winter s e venin g sittin g on the stain e asc in a

’

, gives her the hi ghest ch ar acter as a f aith f ul se r

c old entry j u st to be at h an d to sn uff c andles or
,
v an t an d told a f riend of mine th at she was en
, ,

h an d a t u mbler of w ater f rom the si d e bo ard or go , tire l y dependent u p on her f or al l he r com forts ;
o n err ands f rom on e room to another I t m ay be she dresse d an d u ndresse d her
.
gave her al l her ,

a sked why they were not permitte d to st ay i n the f ood an d was so n e c essary to her th at she co uld
,
”
p arlor when the y wo u ld be still more at h an d I
,
. not do withou t her I m ay ad d th at th is co uple.
,

ans wer bec au se w aiters are not allowe d to sit i n

,
are tenderly att ached to e ach other .

the presence of their owners an d as children , I also know an inst ance in which the h u sb an d
who were kept r unnin g al l day wo u ld of co urse , was a sl ave an d the wi fe was free : d urin g the ill
g e t very tired of st andin g f o r two or three ho u rs , ness o f the former the l atter was al l owed to c om e
,

they were allowed to go i nto the entry an d sit on an d n urse him she w as obli ged to le ave the work
the st airc ase u ntil r un g for Another re ason is .
, by which she had m ade a livin g an d come to st ay ,

th at even sl aveholders at tim e s find the presence with her h u sb and an d th u s lost weeks of he r ,

o f sl aves very annoy in g ; they c annot e xercise time or he wo uld h ave s uff ered f or want of pro
,
”
entire f reedo m of speech be fore them on al l sub p e r a ttention ; an d yet his owner m ade her n o “

j e c ts . compens ation for he r services He had lon g been .

I h ave also known inst ances where se amstress a faith f ul an d a f avorite sl ave an d his o w ner was
w
,

es were kep t in cold entries to work by the st air a wom an very benevolent to the poor hites .

c ase l amps for on e or two ho u rs every evenin g ,

S he we nt a gre at de al amon g these as a visitin g ,

i n winter— they co u ld not se e witho u t st andin g commissioner of the L adies Benevolent Society ’
,

u al l the tim e tho u h the work w as o f ten too an d w as i n the const ant h abit o f a in g the re l a
p g , p y .

l arge an d he avy for them t o se w U pon it in th at tives of the p oor whites f or n ursin g the ir hus
position witho u t gre at inconvenience an d yet , b ands fathers an d other rel ations ; bec ause she
, ,

the y were e xpecte d to do their work as wel l with thou ght i t very h ard when their tim e was t aken ,

their cold fin gers an d st andin g up as if they had

, ,
up so th at they co u ld not e arn their d aily bre ad
, ,

been sittin g by a com fort able fire an d provided th at they sho u ld be le ft to s uff er N e w s u ch is .
,

with the ne cess ary li ght H ou se sl aves s uff er a . the stup ify in g in fl uence of the c hatte l principle ”
g re at de al also f rom not bein
g a llowe d to le ave on the m inds of sl aveholders th at I do n o t sup ,

the ho u se witho ut p ermission I f they wish to . p ose it ever occ urred to her th at this poor c ol ored
o eve n f or a dr au ght o f w ater they m u st ask wi f e o u ght to be p aid for her services an d p arti
g , ,

l e ave an d if they st ay lon ger th an the m istress

, c u l arl
y as she was S pen din g her time an d stren gth
thinks necess ary they are li able to be p u nished
, , in t akin g c are of her p rop erty ” She n o do u b t “
.

an d o f ten are scolded or sl apped or kept f rom , only tho ught how kind she was to a l l ow her to ,

goin g down to the next me al . com e an d st ay so lon g i n her y ard for let it be ,

I t f requ ently h appens th at rel atives amon g ,

kept in m ind th at sl aveholders h ave u nl imite d
,

sl aves are sep ar ated for weeks or m onths by the

, , p ower to sep arate h u sb ands an d w ives p arents ,

h usb and or brother bein g t aken by the m aster on an d children however an d whenever the y ple ase
‘

a j o urn e y to atten d on his horses an d him sel f

, . an d if this mi stress had chosen to do i t she co u ld ,

When they ret urn the white h u sb an d seeks the , h ave deb arre d this wom an f rom al l intercou rse wi th
wi fe o f his lo ve b ut the bl ack h u sb and m u st wait her h usb and by f orbiddin g her to enter her pre
,
.

to se e his wi fe u n til mistre ss ple ases to let he r

, m isc s .

ch am b erm ai d le ave her room Y e s s u ch is the .

, Persons who own pl an t ations an d y e t live i n
des p otism o f sl avery th at wives an d sist e rs d are ,
cities o ften take children from their p arents as
,

not run to m eet their h u sb ands an d brothers afte r soon as they are we aned an d sen d them i n to the ,

s uch sep ar ations an d hou rs sometimes e l ap se be

,
co u ntry ; bec au se they do not w an t the time of
f ore the y are allow e d to meet ; an d at times a , ,
.
the m other t aken up by attend ance upon her o wn
fiendi sh ple as u re is t aken in keepin g them as u n child ren i t b e in g too v al uable to the mistress A s
,
.

de r— this f urnishe s an opportu ni ty to vent f eelin gs a f a v or she is i n s ome c ase s permitted to go to

, , ,
”
o f s p i : fo an y little n e glect o f
t
r d uty . se e them once a ye ar So on the o ther h and if
.
, ,

T he s u ff erin gs to which sl aves are s ubj ected by fiel d sl av e s h app e n to h ave chil dren of an age s u it
se ar ations o f v ario u s kinds
p c annot be im agine d , abl e to the convenience o f the m aster they are ,

b y those un ac qu ainted with the workin g out o f t ake n from their p arents an d bro u ght to the city
T ake the follo w
.

the system behind the c u rt ain . Parents are almo st never con s ul te d as to the d is .

in g inst an ces . posit ion to be m ade o f their children ; the y h ave as

C h am b e rm aids an d se amstress es o f te n sle e p in little control ove r th em as h ave dom esti c anim als ,

t heir mistres ses ap artments b ut wi th 11 0 b e ddin over the dispos al of their yo ung E very n at ural
’
g , .
 G en eral T estimon y — C ruel tie s . 57

an d soci al f e elin g an d affection are viol ated with B ut I forbe ar— the s ufferin gs of the sl aves are
indi ff ere nce ; sl a ves are tre ated as tho ugh they not only inn umer able b u t they are in describ ab l e , .

di d not possess them . I m ay p aint the agony of kindre d torn f rom e ac h

Another way in which the feelin gs o f sl aves are other s arms to m eet no more i n time I m ay do
‘
,
.

trifi e d with an d o f ten deep ly wo u nded is by ch an pict the in fl ic tion s of the bloods t aine d l ash b ut I
g , ,

in g their n a m es ; if at the ti m e they are bro u ht c an n ot describ e the d aily ho urly ce aseless tort ure
g , , , ,

i nto a f am ily there is another slave o f the s ame

, end ure d by the he art th at is const antly tr ampled
n am e ; or if the owner h appens for som e other , u n der the f oot of despotic p ower This is a p art .

re ason not to like the n ame of the n e w comer

, . of the horrors of sl avery which I believe n o one , ,

I h ave kno wn sl aves very m uch grieved at h avin g has e ver attempted to deline ate I won d er not at
the n ames of their children th u s ch an ged when ,
it it mocks al l p ower of l an guage Who c an de
,
. .

they had been c al l ed af te r a de ar rel ation I n . scribe the an gu ish of th at mind which feels itsel f
d eed it wo u ld be u tterly impossible to reco u nt the imp ale d upon the iron of arbitr ary po wer— its liv
m ultit u de of w ays i n which the heart of the sl ave in g writhin g helpless victim every h um an sus
, ,
.

is contin u ally l acer ated b y the tot al disre gard o f c e p tib il it tort ured its symp athies torn an d st u n
y g , , ,

his f eelin gs as a soci al bein g an d a h u m an cre a . an d bleedin g— alw ays f eelin g the de ath we apon -

tu re. in its he art an d yet not so deep as to k il l th at

,

T he sl ave s u ff ers also gre atly f rom bein g con h u m anity which is m ade the c urse of its exis t .

tin ual l y wa tc hed The system of espion age which . en c e .

is const antly kept u p over sl aves is the m ost wor In the co urse of my testimony I h ave e ntere d
y g an d intolerable th at c an be im agine d M any
r in . somewh at into the m in u tiae of sl avery bec au se ,

m istresses are in f act d urin g the absence o f their

, , this is a p art of the s ubj ect o f ten overlooke d an d ,

h usb ands re ally their drivers ; an d the ple as ure

, c annot be appreci ated by an y b u t those who h ave
o f retu rnin
g to their f am ilies o ften , on the p art of been witnesses an d entere d into symp athy with,

the h u sb and is entirely destroye d by the compl aints

, the sl aves as h um an be in gs Sl aveholders think .

pre ferre d against the sl aves when he comes home nothin g o f them bec au se they re gard their sl ave s ,

to his me als . as p ro erty the m e re in str u ments of their convo

p ,

A m istress o f m y acquaint ance asked her ser . n ien c e an d ple as ure O n e who is a sl ave hol der .

v ant b uy on e day wh at was the re as on she co u ld

, , at heart n ever rec ogn ises a hu m an b e in g in a s l ave .

not get him to do his work whilst his m aster was As thou h ast asked me to testi fy respectin g the
aw ay an d s aid to him Yo ur m ast er work s a p hy sic al c on dition o f the sl aves merely I say no
“
, , ,

gre at de al h arder th an y o u d o ; he is at his o ffi ce thin g of the awf ul ne glect of their m in ds an d soul s

al l da
y an d o f ten ha s to stu dy his l aw c ases at
, an d the system a tic e ff ort to imbr u te them A .

ni ght . M aster ” s aid the boy is workin g f or

, ,
“
wron g an d an imp iety i n comp arison with W hic h ,

hi m sel f an d f or y ou m a am b u t I am workin g
, ,
’
, al l the other u n u tter able wron s of sl avery a re
g
for him ” The m istress t urne d an d rem arke d to b ut as the d ust o f the b al ance
AN G E L I NA G NV EL D
. .

a f rien d th at she was so str u ck with the tr uth of

, . .

the rem ark th at she co uld not say a word to him

, .

G E N E RA L T E S T IM O NY

T O T HE C RU E L TI E S I N FLI CT E D UP O N S L AV E S .

Be fore presentin g to the re ader p artic ul ar de TE S T IM ON Y O F R E V G E O R G E VVHIT E F I EL D .

,

t ails of the cr uelties inflicted u pon Am eric an In a letter wri tten by him in Geor gi a an d ad ,

sl aves we will present in brie f the well wei gh

,
- dressed to the sl aveholders of M aryl and Vir
, ,
.

e d decl ar ations of sl avehol ders an d other resi gini a, N <5t an d So uth C arolin a an d Geor gi a in ,

1 7 39 — See B e n e ze t s C aution to Gre at Bri t ain ’

’

dents of sl ave st ates testi fyin g th at the sl aves

.

”
an d her Colonies
,
.

are tre ate d with b arb aro u s i n h u m anity All de

’

.
A s I l ately p assed thro ugh yo ur provin ces
tail s an d p artic u l ars wil l be dr awn ou t u nder on my way hither I was sensi b ly to uched with a ,

their appropri ate he ads \ Ve propose in this . f ellow f eelin g of the miseries of the poor ne groes
-
.

pl ace to present testim ony of a gen eral c harac ter S u re I am it is sin f u l to use them as b ad
, ,

—the solem n decl arations o f sl aveh olders an d

n a
y worse th an if they were br utes ; an d wh a t
ever p arti c u l ar ex c ep tion s there m ay be ( as I ,
others th at the sl ave s are tre ated with gre at
, wou ld ch aritably hope there are som e ) I fe ar the ,

cr uelty .
ge n eral ity of y o u th at own n e groes are l iab l e to ,

To discredit the testimony o f wi tnesses who s u c h a c har e

g N ot to m ention wh at n umbers h ave
.

m sist up on convictin g themselves wo uld b e an

'

,
been given up to the i nh u m an u sage of cr uel task
m asters who by their un relentin g sco u rges h ave
a nom alo u s scepticism
, ,
.

plou ghed their b acks an d m a de lon g f urrows an d

To sho w th a t Americ an sl avery has al way s at len gth bro ught them to the r ve
,

g a ! r
had one u ni form ch ar acter o f di abolic al c ruel ty we , T he b l ood of them sp il tf or these m an y y ear s , ,

will go b ack one h u ndred ye ars an d p rove it b y in y our re sp ec tive

p rov in c es, wil l ip to
’

, asc en d t
heav en
giv en their
u n i mpe ach able witnesses who h ave aga in st y ou 1”
,

deliber ate testimony to its horrid b arb arity fro m , T he followin g is the testim ony of the cele .

1 7 39 to 1 83 9 . b rate d J O HN VVo oL MA N an eminen t minis ter of ,

58 G en eral T estimon y — C rue l tie s .

the Society of Friends who tr aveled e xtensive ly ,

him al l the seve r ity of p un ishm en t the hu m an b ody
is abl e o
f b earin g
in the sl ave st ate s W e copy it from at “ M e
.
ca
p .

moir o f JO H N WOOL M A N chiefly e xtr acte d f rom a ,

Presiden t E dw ards the Yo u n ger i n a s ermo n , ,

Jo u rn al of his L i fe an d Tr avels ” I t was p ub .

be f ore the Connectic u t Abolition Society 1 79 1 , ,

l ishe d in Ph il adelphi a by the “ Society of ,

s ays
Friends ” From these drivers for every im agined as , ,

well as re al ne glect or want o f e xer tion t hey re

.
’

,
“
The f ollowin g reflections were written in ,
oe ive the l ash the sm ack of which is al l d ay -

1 7 5 7 while he was tr avelin g o n a reli gio u s ac

,
”
lon g in the e ars O f those wh o are on the pl ant a
c o u nt amon g sl aveholders .

tion or in the vicinity ; an d it is u sed wi th s u ch

M any o f the white people m these provinces ,
dexterity an d severity as n o t only to l acer ate the ,
t ake litt l e or no c are o f ne gro m arri ages ; an d skin b u t to te ar out sm all portions o f the flesh at
when ne groes m arry af ter their own way some
,

, ,
almost every stroke .

m ake so little acco u n t of those m arri ages th at , ,

This is the gener al tre atmen t o f the sl ave s .

with views of o utw ard i nter est they o f ten p art , B ut m any individ uals sufi e r still more severely
'

m en f rom their wives by sellin g th em far as u n ,

M an y m an y k n oc k e d down ; som e ha ve the ir
are
,
der ; which is comm on when est ates are sold by e es b ea te n ou t som e have an a rm or a l eg b roh
y
exec utors at vend ue e n , or c hop
p e d of f ; an d m any , fo r a very sm all ,
.

M any whose l abor is he avy b ein g f ollowed ,

or for no crime at al l , h ave been be ate n to de at h,
at their b usiness in the field by a m an with a merely to gr ati fy the f ury of an enr age d m aster
whip hired for th at p u rpose h ave in com mon
, ,
-
, ,
or overseer ” .

little else allowed them b ut on e p ee k of I n di an

corn an d some s alt for on e week with a fe wp o ,
.
E xtr act f rom an or ation delivere d at B alt i ,
.

t ato os ( The pot atoes they com monly r aise b y

.
more J uly 4 1 79 1 by G E O RGE B U C HA N A N M D
, , , .
,
.

their l abor on the first day of the week ) The .

m ember O f the Ameri c an Philosophic al Socie ty .

correction ensu in g on their disobedience to over Their sit u ation ( the sl aves ) is in sup p or tab l e ; ’

sc ore or sloth f ulness i n b u sines s is o f ten very

, ,
misery inh abits their c abins an d p u rsu es them in
s ev e re an d sometimes d e ep e r/1 1 M en an d we ,

the field Inh um anly be aten they of ten fall sa

. .

, .

m e n h ave m any times sc a rc e rzzu thes e n ough to

.
,

c rifi c e s to the t u rb u lent te m pers o f their m asters !

hid e the ir n ak ed n e ss— an d boys an d girls ten ,
Who is there u nless in u red to s av age cr u elties .

are o f te n qu i te n ak e d
,
a n d twelve ye ars ol d ,
th at c an he ar O f the inh u m an p u nishments d ail y
am o n g their m asters chil dren S om e u se en
’

in fl ic te d U p on the u n fort u n ate bl acks witho u t

.

,
d e av o rs to instru ct those ( ne gro children ) they
f eelin g for them C an a m an who c alls him sel f
have in re adin g; b ut in comm on this is not only thu m b
a Christi an c oolly an d deliber ately tie u p
’

,
”— ,
n e glected b u dis pproved p 12
,
t
scre w tortu re with p in c ers
a
a n d be a t u n m c rc i
. . .
, .

, ,

T E S T I M ON Y THE ‘ M ARY L A N D J O U RN A L A N D B AL
or f u lly a poor sl ave f or perh aps a triflin g n e glect ,

of d u ty l — p 14
’

I I M O R E ADVE RT I S ER
' ‘
O F M A Y 30 1 7 8 8 ,
’
, .
. .

In the ordin ary co urse o f the b usiness o f the T E S T I M O N Y O F H ON J O H N RA N D OL PH O F R O A NOK E . ,

c o u ntry the p u nishment o f rel ations f requ A S L AVEH OL D E R .

,

h appens on the same farm an d in V iew o f , In on e O f his C on gression al speeches M r R ,

. .

other : the father o f ten sees his belove d son — the s ay s : Av arice alone c an drive as it do e s drive , ,

so n his vener able sire — the mother her m u ch this in f ern al tr affic an d the wretched vic tims o f ,

loved d aughter— the daughter her aff ection ate i t like so m any p ost horses whip p ed to d a th in a
m ail co ach Ambition has its c ov e r sl uis in the
-
,

p arent— t he h usb and sees the wi fe o f his bosom , .

e

an d she the h u sb and of her a ff ection c ru e l l

y ,
pride p omp an d circ um stance O f gl orio u s war ;
, ,

b ou n d up witho u t delic acy o r m ercy an d witho ut , b ut where are the trophies o f av arice ? T he
d arin g to in ter p ose in e ach other s beh al f an d han d e ufi the m a n ac l e the b l ood sta i n e d c o w
’
- -
, , ,

p uni shed with al l the ex trem ity of in c en sed rage hide ,

a n d a l l the rigor of u n re l e n ti n L et u s
g se verity M A J O R S ro n m a n of the United St ate s arm y
. .

,
’
,

reverse the c ase an d s uppose i t o urs : A LL I S S I

”
,
who took possession o f L o u isi an a in beh al f O f the
c r H O RR O R I
'

United S t ates u n der the cession o f 1 80 4 i n his , ,

TE S T IM ON Y O F T H E H O N W I LLI A M P I N C KN E Y O F S ketches O f L o u isi an a p a e 332 s ays

.
,
g , ,
M A RY L A N D
The f eelin gs O f h u m an ity are o utr aged — the
.

I n a S peech be fore the M aryl and Ho u s e o f most odio u s tyr an ny e xercise d in a l and o f fre e
Dele gates in 1 789 M r P c alls sl avery i n t
, , .
dom an d h un ger an d n akedness pre v ail amid s t
.

,
st ate a spe akin
g pict ure of a b om in abl e op p re s plenty
“
, “6 s Cr uel an d even u n us ual p u n . ,

s ion an d a dds : I t will not do th u s to

ishm e n ts are d aily inflicted on th e se wretched
ac t li k e u n re l e n tin g t ra n ts perpet ually sermon
y cre at u res en f eebled with h un ger l abor an d the
,
, ,

izin g it wi th l iberty as our text an d act u al op l ash The scenes o f m isery an d distress c e n , .

I s she [ M aryl an d]
.

p re ssion fo r our com mentary stan tl y witnessed alon g the co as t o f the Delt a
.

n ot the f oster mother of petty d esp ots —the O f the M ississippi the wou nds an d l a ceration s
p atron of wan ton op p r ession [ ] ,
,

occ asione d by demor alized m asters an d over

seers torture the f eelin gs O f the p assin g str an ger ,
,

an d wrin g blood f rom the he art .

Tho h only the thi rd O f the followin g serie s

t ucky in 1 7 90 ,
u g
o f resol utions i s directly relev ant to the s u bj ec t

n ow u nder consider ation we ins ert the o ther ,

 T estimmiy — C rue l tie s 59
'

G en eral .

r esol u tions b Oth bec au se they are exp l an atory O f

,
The crack of his whip resou nds afar like th at of ,

the third an d also serve to reve al the p u blic se n .

an an gry c artm an be atin g his horses The blood .

,
flows the lon g wo u nds c ro ss e ach other strips of
tim e n t o f Indi an a a t the d a te of the resol u tion s , ,
.
,
skin are r aise d witho u t so f tenin g ei ther the h an d
A s a l ar ge m aj ority of the citizens O f Ind i an a O f the exec utioner or the he art O f th e m aster ,

at th at time were n a tives of sl ave sta tes they well

, , who cries stin g him h arder .
’

k n ew the act ua l condition of the sl aves ’

. The re ader is moved so am I my agit ated
1 . R E S OLVE D U N A N I M O U S LY by the L e gisl ative
“
,
h and re f uses to trace the bloody p ict u re to re ,
.

Cou ncil an d Ho u se o f Represent atives O f I n co unt ho w m any ti m es th e piercin g cry O f p ain

di an a Territory th at a s uspension of the sixth
,
has interr upted my si l ent occ up ations how m any
article o f comp ac t between the United St ates times I h ave S h u ddered at the faces o f those b ar
an d the territories an d st ates north west o f the b aro u s m a sters where I saw inscribe d the n um,

river O hio p assed the 1 3 th day of J an uary 1 783

, , ,
ber O f victims s acrificed to their f erocity .

f or the term of ten ye ars wo u ld be hi ghly ad The women are s ubj ecte d to these p u nish .

ments as ri goro usly as the men— n ot even pre g

,

v an tage ou s to the territory an d meet the a p ,

prob ation o f at le ast n ine tenths O f the good citi - n ancy exempts them in th at c ase be fore b ind ,

zens o f the s ame .

in g them to the st akes a hole is m ade in the ,

2 . R E S OLVED U N A N IM O U S LY th at the abstr act , gro u n d to accomm od ate the enl ar ged form O f the
questio n of liberty an d sl avery is not considere d ,
V ictim .

as involved in a s u spension O f the s aid arti cle ,

I t is rem ark able th at the white creole wo
in asm u ch as the n u m b er of sl aves in the United m en are ordin arily more inexorable th an the m en .

S t ates wo uld not be au gmented by the me as ure .

Their S l ow an d l an gu id gait an d the triflin gservi ,

3 . R E S OLVE D U N A N I MO U S LY th at the S USp e n

“
,
ces which they im p o se betoken only ap athetic in ,

sion o f the s aid article wo ul d be equ ally advan ta dolence ; b u t sho u ld the sl ave n ot promptly obey ,

ge o us to th e territory to the states from whence ,

sho u ld he eve n fail to d i vine the me anin g of
the ne groes wo ul d be bro ught an d to the n egroes ,
the ir gest ures or looks i n an inst ant they are
, ,

the m se l v e s The st ates which are overb u rthene d

.
arme d with a f ormi d able whip ; it is no lon ger

with ne groes wo u ld be benefited by disposin g O f

,
the arm which c annot su st ain the wei ght o f a
the ne groes which they c annot com fort ably sup S h awl o r a retic u l e it is n o lon ger the f orm -

port ; it i t an d THE N EGR O H I M S E L F W O U L D E X which b u t feebly s u st ains i tsel f They them .

C HA N GE A S C A N I Y P I TTA N C E O F THE C O AR S E S T F OO D
’ ‘

,
selves order the p unishm ent O f one O f these p oor
fo r a p l en tif ul an d no urishin g diet ; an d a sit ua cre at u res an d with a dry eye se e their vic tim
,

tion which a dmits not the m ost dist an t p rospec t bou n d to fo ur st akes they co unt the blows an d ,

O f em ancip ation fo r one which presents no con

,
r ai se a voice O f men ace if the arm th at strike ,
s

side rab l e Obst acle to his W ishes .

rel axes or if the blood does not flow in s ufficient
,

4 R E S OLVE D U N A N IM O U S L Y th at a copy O f ab u nd ance T he ir sensibility ch an ge d to fury

.
.
,

these resolu tions be delivered to the dele gate to m u st needs f ee d itsel f for a while on the hideo u s
Con gress f rom this territory an d th at he be an d , ,
spect acle they m u st as if to revive themselves , ,

he hereby is instr ucte d to u se his best ende avors

,
he ar the piercin g shrieks an d se e the flow O f ,

to Obt ain a s uspension of the s aid article .

fresh blood ; there a re some O f them who in their ,

J B THOMAS . .
f r antic r age p in c h an d bite their victims
, .
,

S p eak er of the House of R ep resen tatives .

“
It is by no me ans wonder f ul th at the l aws
PI ERRE M I N ARD ,
desi gned to protect the sl ave sho u ld be little t e .

s p e c te d by the
P resi de n t p ro tem of the L egisl a tive C ou n c il gener ality O f su c h m asters I “

.
. .

Vin c e n n e s, Dec . 2 0 , 1 80 6 .
h ave seen some m asters p ay the se u n fort un ate
For warded to the Spe aker of the United St ates ’ people the miser able ove rc oat wh ich is their due
Sen ate by W I LL IA M H E N RY H ARR I S ON Gover b u t Others give them nothin g at al l an d do n ot ,
, ,

nor ” —A m eric an S tate P ap ers vol 1 p 4 67

.
, . . .
even le ave them the ho urs an d S und ays granted
to them by l aw I h ave seen some o f those b ar .

M ONS I EUR C C RO B I N who resided in L ou

. .
, b aro u s m asters le ave them d urin g the winter in , ,

a st ate O f revoltin
isian a to 1 80 6 an d p ublished a vol u me
f rom 1 80 2 , g n u dity even contr ary to their ,

cont ainin g the res ults of his obse rv ations there ,

Own tr u e interests for they th u s we aken an d ,

shorten the lives u pon which repose the whole O f

th u s S p e aks O f the condition o f the sl aves
their own f ort u nes I h ave seen some of t hose .

W hile they are at l abor the m an ager the , , ne groes obli ged to conce al their n akedness with
m aster or the driver has com m only the whip in
, the lon
g m e ss o f the co u n try The sa d mel an .

h an d to strike the i dle B ut those of the n e .

c hol y O f these wretches depicted u pon their co u n ,

groes who are j u d ge d gu ilty o f serio u s faul ts are , ten an e e s the fli ght of some an d the de ath O f
, ,

p u nished twenty t wenty fi ve forty fifty or one

'

,
-

, , , others d o not recl aim their m asters the y wre ak

,

h undre d l ashes The m anner o f this cr u el exe

.
u pon those who rem ain
. the ve n ge ance whic h ,

c u tion is as f ollows fo u r st akes are driven down they c an n O l on ge r exercise u pon the others ”
‘

, .

m akin g a lon g squ are ; the c u lprit is ex tended

n ake d betwee n these st akes face d ownw ards ; W H I T M A N M EAD E sq of N e w York in his
'

, , .
,

hi s h an ds an d his feet are bo u nd sep ar ately with j o urn al p ublishe d ne arly a q u arter o f a c e n turv ,
,
stron g cords to e ach O f the st akes so far ap art a e under d ate o f
, ,

th at his arms an d le gs stretche d in the f orm of g ,

S AVA NN A H J an uary 9 8 1 817

7

S t Andrew s cross give the the poor wretch no

.
’
,
, ,
.

ch ance o f stirrin g T hen the exec u tioner who . T O one not acc u stomed to s uch sc e n e s as ,

is ordin arily a ne gro arme d with the lon g whip S l avery presents the conditio n o f the s l a ve s is
, ,

O f a c o achm an strikes u pon the reins an d thi hs i m re ssive l

, g p y shoc k in g I n the co urse O f my . .
60 G en eral T estimon y — C rue l tie s .

w al k s I was every where witness to their wretch A f ric an is an abu se d a mon strousl y ou tr aged
,
.
,
” —
e dn e ss L ike he br ute cre at ures O the north
t . f c r e a tu re S ee M in u tes of the A m e r ic an C on v e n , . .

they are driven abo ut at the ple asu re o f al l who tion c on ven e d in B a l tim ore O c t 2 5 1 82 6 , , .
, .

m ee t them : half n ak e d an d half starved the y ,

drag o u t a piti f ul existence app arently almost FR O M N IL E S BA L T I M O RE REG IS TER F O R 1 82 9 V OL

’
,
.

,
35 p 4
unc onscio u s O f wh at they s u ff er A thre at a c . .
,
.

comp anies every comm and an d a b astin ado is De al in g i n sl aves has become a l arge b u si
,
'

the s l re ward o disobedience

u u a f n ess Est ablishments are m ade at sever al pl aces
.
.

in M aryl an d an d Vir gini a at which they are sold ,

TE S T IM ON Y O F R EV J O IIN RA NK I N like c attle These pl aces o f d eposit are stron gly
.
, .

A n a tive of T e n n esse e e d uc ated there an d f or a b uilt an d well s u pplie d with iron thu m b sc r e ws
, ,
,
-

n um b e r of e ars a p rea c he r in s l ave sta te s— n ow an d gags an d orn am ente d with c ow sk in s a n d

y ,

p as tor of a c hurc h in R ip l ey O hio

o t h er w h ip s— of te n t im e s
,
b l oo d y
"
.
.

M any poor sl aves are stripped n aked stretch J UDGE RUrP I N of the S upreme C o urt O f N orth ,
,

e d an d tied across b arrels or l ar ge b ags an d tor C arolin a in one of his j u dici al decisions s ays
, ,

tu re d with the l ash d u rin g hou rs an d e ven whol e

’ , ,
,

d ay s u n til the ir flesh is m an gl e d to the very

The sl ave to rem ai n a sl ave m u st f eel th at , ,

there is NO APPEA L FR O M H IS MA S TE R
,
N o m an
b on es O thers are stri pped an d h u n g up by the
.
.

c an anticip ate the provoc ations which the S l ave

arm s their f eet are tie d to gether an d the end O f
.

, ,

a he avy piece o f timber is p u t betwee n their le s

wo u ld
g ive nor the con seq u ent wr ath of the ,
g m aster prompti n him to B L O O DY VE N
in order to stretch their bodies an d so prep are g , .

B N G E
,

the m for the tort u rin g l ash— an d in this situation G A on the t u rb u lent tr aitor a ven e ance
g ,

en era l l pr actice d with imp u n ity by re ason O f

they are O f ten whippe d u nti l their bodies are g y ,

its PR I VA C Y
”—
See W hee l er s L aw of S l aver y p ’

covered with b l ood an d m an gl ed fl esh an d in — . .

order to add the gre atest keenness to their s uffer

in gs their wo un ds are w ashe d with l iqu id sal t
, M R M O ORE O F V I RG I N I A i n his Sp eech be f ore .
, ,

An d som e O f the miser able cre at ures are perm it the L e isl at u re of th at state Jan 1 5 1 832 s ays
g , .
, ,
te d to h an g in th at position u ntil they a ct ually It m u st he con fessed th a t altho ugh the
e xp ire ; some die u n der the l ash others lin ger tre atment f ,

o o ur sl aves is in the gener al a s mild

,

abo u t f o r a time an d at len th d ie O f th eir

,
g ,
an d h u m ane as i t c an be th at i t m u st alw ays
wou nds an d m any s u rvive an d end ure again h appen th at there w ill be f o un d h u n dreds of in
, ,
,

,
simil ar tort ure These bloody scen e s are c on dividu al s
.

w ho owin g either t o the n at u r al fe

s tan tl
y e x hib iti n g i n e very s l ave hol din g c ou n try roc it O f their dispositions o r to the e ff ects o f
, ,

— thou san ds of whip s are e very d ay stain e d in y ,

intemper ance will be guilty of cr uelty an d b ar

Af ric an b l ood ! E ve n the poor f e m al es are not ,

”
b arity tow ards their sl aves which is a l m ost in
permitte d to esc ape these S hockin g cr uelties tol era bl e an d at which h u m anity revolts ”
.
,

R an k in s L etters p ages 5 7 5 8
.
’ ,
.
, ,

T hese letters were p u blishe d fi fteen ye ars TE S T I M O N Y O F B S W A I N E S Q O F NO RTH C AR OL IN A .

, ", .

agO — They were addresse d to a b rother in Vir

. L et an y m an of spirit an d f eelin g for a m e ,

gini a who was a sl aveholder

, ment c ast his tho u ghts over this l and of sl avery
.

think O f the n ak ed n ess O f some the hu n gry y e a rn .

TE S T I M ON Y O F T H E A M E R IC A N C OLON I Z AT I ON 8 0 in s O f others the flo in tears an d hea vin ,

w
‘

g g g ,

g rel ations the wail in gs an d wo

C I ET Y
sighs O f p artin
.

, ,

We h ave he ard O f sl avery as it e xists in the b l oody c u t o the k een l ash a n d the ri ht u l
f f g f
Asi a an d A fric a an d T urkey— we h ave he ard
,

sc re am tha t re n ds the ver s k ies— an d al l this to

y
, ,

the f e u d al sl avery u nder which the pe as antry

gr ati fy ambit ion l ust pride av arice v anity an d , , , , ,
E urope h ave gro ane d from the d ays o f Al ari c other depr ave d f eelin s O f the h um an he art
g
u ntil now b u t exceptin g only the horrible system
,
T H E W O R S T I S N O T G E N E RA L L Y
O f the W est Indi a Isl a nds we h ave never he ard KN O W N , Were al l the mi series the horrors o f .
,
O f sl avery in an
y co u ntry ancien t or m odern sl avery to b u rst at onc e into view a pe al of
.
,
, ,
P agan M oh am me d an or C hristi an so terrib l e in seven f old thu n der co u ld sc arce strike re ater
, -

g
,

i ts c harac ter as the sl avery which exists in these al arm ” S ee

, S wain s A d d re ss
”
1 83 0 .
-
’

United St ates ”— S eve n thR ep ort A m erican C ol o

, .

S T I M ON Y O F DR J A M E S C
.

n iz ation S oc ie t
y 1 82 4 , .
TE F I NL EY . .
,

S on of Dr F in l ey on e of the f oun d ers of the C ol .

TE S TI M ON Y O F T H E GRA DUA L E M AN C I I AT IO N S O C I E ‘
,

on iz a tion S oc ie ty a n d b rother of R S F in l ey
.

.
,
.
,
T Y O F NO RTH C AR OL I N A
a en t of the A m e ric an C ol on iz ation S oc ie ty
.

g
S ig
.

n ed b y Mose s S w ain P re side n t an d W il l iam

Dr J C Finley was f ormerly on e of the e di
, ,

S wain S e c re tary
. . .

tors O f the Western M edic al Jo u rn al at Cincin

.
,
.
,
In the e astern p art of the st ate the sl ave s
ati an d is well known in the west as u tterl y
,

consider ab ly o u tn um ber the f ree pop ul ation n .

,

Their S it uation is there wretched beyond de hostile to immedi ate abolition .

scription I mpoverishe d by the mism an agement

. In alm ost the l ast convers ation I had with “

which we h ave alre a dy attem p te d to describe y ou be f ore I le f t C incinn ati I promised to gi ve , ,

the m aster u n able to s u pport his own grande u r

,

an d m aint ain his S l aves p u ts the u n fort u n ate ,

wretc hes U pon short allow ances sc arcely su fli , .

cien t fo r their s uste n ance so th at a gre at p art ,

o f them go h al f n a ked an d h al f st arved m u ch O f

the time Generally thro ugho u t the state the

.
, ,
 G en eral T estimon y —C rue l tie s. 61

drivin g y ou into th at abol ition ism u pon the bor '

,
TE ST I M ON Y O F THE M ARYV I LL E ( TE NN E SS EE )
ders o f which y o u h ave been so lon g hesit atin g . I N TE LL I GE N C ER O F O C T 4 1 83 5 , .
, .

The people of the north a re ign oran t of the hor

‘
.
The E ditor in spe akin g of the su fi e rin gs of
,

t ors of sl ave ry — o i the a troc itie s which i t com the sl aves which are t aken by the intern al tr ade
mits upon the u nprotected sl ave "f " 3
.

to the So u th West s ays ,

I do n ot know th at an y thin g cou ld be gain
d by p artic u la rizin g the sce n es of horribl e b ar .
Pl ace yo urs el f in im agin ation for a m o ,
.

b uri ty which f ell u nder my observ ation d urin g

ment i n their condition
,
With heavy gal l in g .

my short residence in one o f the we althiest most c hain s riveted U pon yo ur p e rson ; half n ak ed
,
-
,

half starve d ; yo ur b ac k l ac erate d with the

, -

intelli gent an d most m or al p ar ts o f Geor gi a

,
.

Their n um b er an d a troc ity are th at I am knotted Whip tr avelin g to a re gion wher e

confident they would gain cr edit with none b ut yo u r c on d ition through time wil l b e sec on d on l y
to the wr e tc hed crea tu r es in H el l
a b ol i tion is ts E very thin g will be conveyed in
.

the rem ark th at in a st ate of society c alc u l ate d Thi s depic tin g is not vision ary Wo uld to .

to f oster the worst p assions of our n at u re the God th at i t was ” .

sl ave derives n o p rote c tion either f rom l aw o r TE S T I M ON Y O F TH E PRE S BYTER I A N SY NO D O F

p u b l ic op in ion an d th at A LL the cru elties which
, K E N TU C K Y
the R ussi ans are reported to h ave acted tow ards A l arge m aj ority of whom are sl ave hol ders .

the Po les after t heir l ate s ubj ugation A RE

, ,
This system licenses a n d prod uces great
s C E N Es O F EVERY DAY O C C URR E N C E in the so u thern
c ru el
'

ty .

states . T his st atement inc edible as it m ay ,

r
M an glin g
imprisonment st arv ation every ,
” , ,
seem falls shor t very f a short o the tr uth
,
r f ,
.
species o f tortu re m ay be inflicte d upon him , ,
The f ore goin g is e xtr acted f rom a letter writ ( the sl ave ) an d he has no redress , .

ten by Dr Finley to Rev A sa M ah an his f ormer

. .
, There are now i n our whole l and two mi ]
p astor then o f Cincinn ati n ow Presiden t o f
, , lions of h u m an bein gs exp osed de fe n se l e ss to , , ,
O berlin Semin ary .
every ins u lt an d every inj u ry shor t o f m aim in g
,

or de ath which their f ellow m en m a

y choose to -
,
TE S T I M ON Y O F R EV W I LL I A M ALL AN O F I LL I NO IS
.
, ,
inflict T hey sufi er al l th at c an be in flicte d b y
.

S on of a S l avehol der R ev Dr A l l an of H un ts , . .
w anton c aprice by gr asping a v ari ce b y br u t al , ,
v il l e, Al a .
l u st by m ali gn ant S pite an d by i ns ane
, ,

A t o ur ho u se
it i s so common to he ar their an er
g Their h appiness is the sport o f every
.

( the sl aves ) scre am s th at we think nothin g o f whim an d the prey o f e very p assion th at m ay
’
, , ,

it : an d lest an y o n e sho uld think th at in ge n eral occ asion ally or h abitually in f est the m aster s
, ,
’

the sl aves are well tre ated let me be d istin ctly bosom I f we co u ld c alc u l ate the am o unt of
u nderstood z—c ru el ty is the ru l e
, .

an d k in dn ess , wo end ured by il Ltre ate d sl aves i t wo uld over ,

the ex c ep tion ” . whe lm every c omp assion ate he art— it wou ld

move even the obd urate to sym p athy There is .

E xtr act letter d ate d J uly 2 d 1 8 34 f rom

of a
also a v ast su m o f su fl e rin g inflicted u pon the
, ,

M r N ATHA N C OL E of S t L o uis M isso uri to

.
, .
, , slave by h u mane m asters as a p un ishm e nt for ,

Arth ur T app an E sq o f this city ,

. th a t idleness an d m iscond u ct which slavery n a
I am not an advoc ate o f the im medi ate an d tural l y prod u ces .

u ncondition al em ancip ation of the sl aves of our

“
B ru tal strip es an d all the v arie d kinds of
c o u ntry yet n o m an has ever y et d ep ic ted the
, p erson al indi gnities are n ot the only speci es of ,

wretche dn ess of the situ a tion of the sl aves in c o cruelty which sl avery licenses ”
.

l ors too dark f or the tru th I know th at m any

T E ST I M ON Y O F THE REV N H H ARD I N G , P as tor
.

good people are n ot aware of the tre atm en t to

. . .

wh c h sl aves a re u sual l y subj ec ted nor h ave they

i o f the P resb yteri an Ch urch in O x ford . N or th ,
,

an y j u st i de a o f the extent of the evil ” C arolin a a sl aveholder . , .

I am gre atly su rprised th at y ou sho ul d in an y

TE S T I M ON Y O F R EV J A M E S A T IIO M E f orm h ave been the apolo gist of a system so f ull
. .
,

A n atin e of Ken tuc k y —S on of A rthur T heme of de adly poison to al l holiness an d benevolen ce

E sq til l rec en tl y a S l avehol d er
.
, as sl avery the concocted essence o f f r au d sel .
, ,
.

Sl avery i s the p arent of more su ff erin g th an fi shn e ss an d cold he arted tyr anny an d the f r uit , ,
.

h as flowe d f rom an y one so u rce since the d ate o f f ul p arent of

u nn u mbered evils both to the o
p ,

its existenc e S uc h s u ff erin gs too ! S af er pressor an d the op pressed THE ON E T II O US AN DT B ,

i n gs in con c eivab l e an d in n um er a bl e— u n min gl e d PART o r wn I C I I HA S N EVE R B EE N B R O UGHT T o

.

"
wre tc hed n ess from the ties of n at u re r u dely L I GHT .

broken an d destro y ed the ac u test bodil y tortu r es M R A S A A S T ON E a theologic al st udent who

, , . .
, ,

an s te ars an d bl ood— lyin

g r o , g f or ever i n we ari lived ne ar N atchez in 1 83 4 an d 5 sent t he , ,
ness an d p ain fulness in w atchin gs in h un ger fol l owin with other test im ony to be p ublis hed
, ,
'

an d in thirst in cold an d n akedness

g ,

u nder his own n am e in the N

,
E v an gelist
.

Brethren of the N orth be n ot dec eive d Y ,

. .
,

T hese sufl erin gs stil l ex ist an d despite the e f while he was sti ll residin g th ere
, .
'
.
,
.

f orts O f their cr uel au thors to h ush them down Flo g g in gs for al l o ffences i ncl udin g de fi , ,
o
an d confine them within the precincts of their c ie n c ie s i n work are f rightf ul l y c omm on an d , ,

ow n pl ant ations they will ever an d anon str u g , m ost te rrib l y sev er e , .

” —
g l e u p a n d re a ch the e ar of h u m anity Mr Ru b b in g withsal t an d re d p ep p er is very . .

T hom e s Sp eec h a t N w Y k May 834

‘
’
e o r 1 mon af t e r a se v r
e e w pp g
h i in
”
, , .
.
.
 P un ishmen ts— F l o
ggin gs .

T E S T I M ON Y o r REV P H I N EA S S M I TH Centreville .
, ,
tho u gh we had he ard a gre at de al on the sub ‘

A l l e gan y C o N Y who lived f o ur ye ars at the j cet we f o u nd on com in g So uth the half the
, ,

worst h al f to o had not b ee n tol d u s ; n ot th a t we

. .
, , .

so uth .
,

h ave o urselves se en m u ch oppression tho u gh ,

They are b adly clothed b adly fe d wretch , , tr uly we h ave f elt its de adenin g infl uence b u t
e dl
,
y lod ged u nm erci f ully W hipped f rom m onth , ,
the acco u nts we h ave received from ev e ry ton gu e
to m onth f rom
y e ar to ye ar f rom chil dhoo d to
, , th at nobly d ares to S pe ak upon the s ubj e ct
” ,
ol d a
ge are indee d d ep l ora b l e T o q u ote the l an guage
.

y who with tru e So u thern hospitality

REV JO S EPH M S ADD C astile Ge nessee Co
. .
, , . o f a l ad , ,

N Y who was till recently a pre acher in M is

. . receive d u s at her m ansion The n orther n .

so uri s ays , ,
pe ople don t know anythi n g of sl avery at al l
’
.
,

It is tr u e th at b arb aro u s cr uelties are inflict they think it is p erp e tu al b on dage m ere l y b ut o f ,

ed upon them s uch as terrible l acer ations with the dep th of d egradation th at th at word involves ,
,

the whip an d excr uci atin g tort u res are sometim es they h ave no conception if they had an y j u st
,

experie nced f rom the t humb screw ” ide a o f i t they wo u ld I am s u re u se every e ff ort
,

u ntil an end w as ut to s u ch a S hockin

g system
.
’

E xtr ac t o f a letter f rom S ARAH M G R I M K E p .

.
, An other f riend writin g f rom So u th C arolin a ,
d ate d 4 th M onth 2 u d 1 839 -

an d who s ust ain s hersel f the le al rel ation o f

, ,
g
.

I f the f ollowin g extr acts f rom letters which sl aveholder i n a letter d ated April 4 th 1 838
s ays— I h ave some tim e since give n y ou m y
, , ,

I h ave received f rom S o uth C arolin a will be of ,

‘
,

an
y u se tho u art at liberty to p ublish them I .
views o n the s ubj ect of sl avery w hich so m u ch ,

need not say th at the n am es of the writers are , en grosses yo u r attention I wou ld m ost willin g .

withheld of necessity bec ause s u ch sentiments if , l y f or ge t wh at I h ave seen an d he ard in my o wn

uttered at the sou th wo u ld pe ril their l ives .
f am ily with re gard to the sl aves
, I shu dde r .

E X TRA C T S .
when I thin k of it an d incre asin gly f eel th at ,

So uth C arolin a 4 th M onth 5 th 1 835 , , , .

sl avery is a c urse since it le ads to s uch c ru el ty . .
’

‘
With re gard to sl avery I m ust c on fess ,

P U N I S H ME NT S
I F L O GGI N GS
. .

The sl aves are terri b ly l acerated with whips , sc a rs on their bodies m ade by the wh i p their ,

p addles & e ; re d pep per an d s alt are rubbed

, .
ow n r un aw ay sl aves To copy these a dvertise .

into their m an gled flesh hot brine an d t urpen .

’
m ents e n tire wou l d requ ire a gre at am o u n t o f
tine are poured into their gashes an d in n u m e r sp ace an d flood the re ader with a v ast m ass of
,

able other tort u res in fl icte d U pon them . m atter irrelev ant to the p oin t be fore u s we
We will in the first pl ace prove by a clo ud of , sh all there fore insert only so m u ch of e ach as ,

witnesses th at the sl aves are whippe d with s u ch

, will inte l li gibly set forth the precise p oi nt u n der
inh um an severity as to l acer ate an d m an gle , consider ation In the col u mn under th e word
.

their flesh in the m ost Shockin g m anner le avin g ,

witnesses ” will be f ou nd the n am e o f the indi
,
.

perm anent sc ars an d rid ges ; after est ablishin g v idu al w ho si gns the advertisem ent o r forW ho m it
, ,

this we will present a m ass of testim ony , c on

, is S ign e d with hi s orherp l ac e of resi dence an d the
, ,

cerning a gre at v ariety of other tort ures The . n am e an d d ate of the p aper in which it appe ar ,
.

testim ony for the m ost p art wil l be th at of the

, , e d an d
, gener ally the n ame o f the pl ace where it
s an d in their o w
sl av ehol ders the m se l ve n c h osen is p ublished O pposite the n ame of e ach witness
. ,

W ords A l arge portion of it will be t aken f rom

. wil l be an e xtr act f rom the a dvertiseme nt c on , ,

the advertisements which they h ave p ublished , t ainin g his or her testim ony .

in their own ne wsp apers describin g b y the ,

W I T N E SS E S . TE S T IM ONY .

Mr D J udd» j‘ail ort David CO Comm itte d to j ail as a r u n aw ay a ne gro wom an an e d

M arth a 1 7 0 1 1 8 Ye ars of age has n um erous sc ar s 0n bw
on
gm
.

et ”
,
T in ul e i hVin e
f
en n e ssee '

whip on her b ack ” .

Mr Ro b ert N i ll co Dal l p hin st be Ten doll ars rew ard for m y wom an S ib y ve ry m u ch sc arre d
twe en Em m an u el an d C on c p tion St s
.
, .
,

by whip p i n g
‘
e
a b ou t the n ec k an d
,
e ars
Mob ile A l ab a ma in the M ob il e C om “ .

, ,

m erc ial A dvertiser ” .

M r B ry an t J ohn son F ort , Kan aw ay a ne gro wom an n am ed M ari a som e sc ars on he r

H ou ston 0 ”0 G eo rgi a in the stan ard “
b ac "oc c am
,

fl e d by the m b iP
n
, ,

Mil l e dgeirill e G a O c t 2
.
‘
o f U n ion
.
. .
, ,
1 838 .

Mr T . J
De am e“, V e n on .
am es . J r S tolen a ne gro wom an n amed C eli a O n . e xami m n g he!
A n taue n C o A ab am a in the
“
en sa . l P b aC k y ou W i ll find m arks c aused by the w,“p
,

0 0 18 G z
a e tte , J l fl y ,
 64 P un ishmen ts— F loggin gs .

fio ggin gs in the sl ave st ates we need n ot b urden ,

the f ollowin g testimony o f M r Wm Arm stron g . .
,

the re ader of th at pl ace a c apt ain an d s uperc ar o of bo ats

.
g ,

The for e goin g testimony is as the re ader per ,

descendin g the M is sissippi river
ce iv e s th at o f the sl aveh olders them selves v ol un
, , A t B ayo u S ar ah I saw a sl ave s ta k e d o u t
“
, ,

taril y certi fyin g to the o u t rages which their o wn with his f ace to the gro u n d an d whippe d wi th a ,

h ands h ave com m itte d u pon de fencele ss an d ia l ar ge whip which l aid open the flesh for abo ut ,

two an d a h al f i nch e s every strok e I st ayed .

nocent me n an d women ov e r whom they h ave , abo u t five min u tes b ut co u ld st and it n o lon ge r , ,

ass u m ed authority We h ave give n to their testi

. an d le f t them whippin
g
”
.

m ony precedence over th at of al l other witnesses ,

M r S TEPHE N E M A LTBY
. . in Sp e c te rof provisions
, .

for the re ason th at when m en testi fy again st

S k en e ate l es, N c wYork , who has reside d in A l a
them sel ves they are u n der no tempt ation to e x
b am a,
.

spe akin g of the condition of the sl aves ,

agger ate .
says
W e we will now present the testim ony of a
'

I h ave seen them cr u elly whipped I will .

l arge n u mber of individ u als with their n ames an d , rel ate o n e in st ance O n e S abb ath m orn in g be .
,

re sidences of person s who witnessed the in fl ic tion s

, f ore I ge t out o f my be d I he a rd an o utcry an d , ,

to whic h they testi fy M any of them h ave b een .

got up an d went to the window when I saw ,

sl aveholders an d al l reside n ts for l on ge r or short

,
som e six or ei ght boys from ei ght to twelve ye ars ,

of a e ne ar a r ack m ade f or tyin

e r periods ih sl ave st ates .
g ( , g horses ) o n the
p ublic sq uare A m an on horseb ack rode up ge t
Re v JO H N H C e ari ss a n ative of Keep Cree k,
.
,
'

O f his horse took a cord f rom his pocket tie d on e

,
f
. .

Norfol k co u nty Virgini a n e wa loc al pre acher of

, ,

of the b o s by the thum b s to the r ack an d with

“

, ,
y ,

the M ethodist Ep iscop al Ch urch i n Portage c o his horsewhip l ashe d him m ost severely He
'

. , .

O hio testifies as f ollows then u ntie d him an d r ode O ff witho u t sayin g a

word
,

In 1 82 9 or 3 0 on e of my father s sl aves was ’ .

acc u sed o f tak in g the key to the o ffice an d s te al

It was a gener al pr actice while I was at ,

in g fo ur or five doll ars he denied it A const a H untsville Al ab am a to h ave a p atrol every ni ght, ,

an d to my knowled e this p atrol w

.

as in the h abit
b l e by the n ame of H ull was c alle d he took the , g ,

o f tr aversin
ne gro very deliber ately tied his h ands an d whipp ed
, ,
g the streets with cow skins an d if -
, ,

him till the bl e e d ran f reely down his le gs By .

they f ou nd an y sl aves ou t af ter ei ght o clock with ’

ou t a p ass to whip them u ntil they were ou t of

this time H ull appe are d tire d an d st e pped ; he ,
,

then took a rope p ut a slip noose aro u nd his n eck re ach or to confin e them until mornin g ”
, .

, ,

an d tol d the ne gro he w as goin g to k il l him at ,

Mr J G B AL DW LN of M iddletown C on n e c ti
. . . , ,
the s ame time drew the rop e an d be gan whippin g c u t a member of the M ethodist E piscop al Ch u rch
the ne gro fell ; his cheeks looke d as tho u gh they , ,

wo uld b urst with str an gu l ation H u ll whipped gives the f ollowin g testim ony
'

a n d k icke d him till I re ally tho u ht he w as I tr aveled at the so u th in 1 82 7 : when ne ar

, g go
in g to kill him ; when he ce ased the n e gro was in ,
Ch arlotte N C a free colored m an f ell i nto the,
. .

a complete
gore o f b l ood f rom he ad to f oot .
road j u st ahe ad of m e an d went on pe ace ably , .

When p assin g a p ublic hou se the l andlord ran o ut -

,

M r DA VI D H AWL EY ,
. cl ass le ader i n the M e a - with a l ar ge c u d gel an d applied i t to the h e ad ,

an d sho u lders o f the m an with suc h f orce as to

tho dist Ch u rch a t St Alb an s L ickin g co unty
’
.
, , ,

O hio who m ov e d from Kent ucky to O hio in 1 83 1

sh atter i t i n pieces W hen the re ason of hi s c on .

, ,
d uct was asked he replied th at he owne d sl aves , , ,
testifies as f ollows an d he wo ul d not permit f ree bl acks to come into
I n the ye ar 1 82 1 or 2 I sawa sl ave h un g f or , his nei ghborhood .

killin g his m aster The m aster had whippe d the .

N o t lon g after I stop p e d at a p ub l ic he use
“
,
.

sl ave s mother to DEATH an d lockin g him in a

’
, , ne ar H ali fax N C betw e en nine an d ten O clock , . .
,
’

room thr e atene d him with the s ame f ate ; an d

, , P M to st ay over ni ght A sl ave sat U pon a
. .

c o whide in h an d ha
d be gu n the work when the
, , bench in the b an room asleep The m aster c ame .

slave j oined b attle an d slew the m aster ” .

i n seize d a l arge horsewhip an d withou t an y
, , ,

w arnin g o r app arent provoc ation l aid it over the

S A M UE L E LL IS ON a mem b er of the S ociety of f ace an d eyes o f the sl ave
,
,
T he m aster c ursed .

Friends f orm erly of So uth am pton co unty Vir

,

, ,
.
swore an d sw u n g his l ash— the sl ave cowered an d
,

gini a n e w o f M arlboro u gh St ark co u nty O hio

, , , , trembled b ut s aid n ot a word Upon inqu i the
, .

n e xt m orn in
g I ascert ained th at the only 0 on c e
'

gives the f ollowin g testim ony ,

While a resident of So uth ampton cou nty Vir ,

.
was fallin g asleep an d this too i n consequence of ,

havin g been U p ne arly al l the previo u s ni ght in

gini a I k n owtwo m e n after h avin g been severe
,
, ,
attend ance u pon comp any
l y tr e ate d ende avor to m ake their esc ape
,
In .
.

this they f aile d— were t aken tie d to trees an d Rev JO S EPH M S ADD o f C astil e N Y who has
, , . .
, , . .
,
whipped to dea th by their overseer I lived a l ately le ft M isso u ri where he was p astor of a .

,
mile from the ne gro q u arters an d at th at dist ance , , ,
ch urch fo r som e ye ars s ays
co uld freq uently he ar the scre am s of the pe er ,

cre atures whe n be aten an d co uld also he ar the “

I n on e c ase ne ar where we lived a ru n aw ay , ,

blows given by the overseer with some he avy in sl ave when bro u ght b ack was m ost cr uelly be at
,

, ,

—
.

str ument
”
.
e n b a the d in the us ual liq u id l ai d in the sun fi

an d a physici an employe d to he al his wo u nds

M aj or Ho m e !: N YE of P utn am O hio gives then the s ame p roc ess of p u nishment an d he alin g
, , ,
 P um shmen tS — F l oggin gs .

was re ea te d,
p then the an d rep eated again , an d soon enou gh He had esc aped an d t aken re fuge .
,

poor cre at u re was sold for the N e w O rle ans m ar . u nder a pile of r ails th at were on some timbers u
p
ket This a cco u nt we had from the p hy sic ian
.
a little from the gro und The m aster had p u t fi re .

hi m self
” to on e end an d stood at the other with his cl ub , ,

to k ill him as he c ame out The pile was still

.

M r A BRAHA M B E LL of Po ughkeepsie N e w
.

.
, ,
b urnin g Painter s ai d he was a t u rb u lent fellow
.

York a member of the Scotch Presb yteri an

, an d he w oul d kill him The apprehension of P . .

C h urch was employed in 1 83 7 an d 3 8 in level

, , ,
:
was TA L K E D A B O UT b ut as a compromise the n e , , ,

lin g an d gr adin g for a r ail ro ad in the state of -

gi
’
o w a s sold to another m an
”
.

Georgi a : he had un der his direction d urin g the , EX TRA C T FR O M TH E PUB L I S HED JO UR N A L o r THE
whole time thirty slaves M r B gives the fol
, . . .
L ATE W M S AVERY of Philadelphia an eminent .
, ,

lo win g testimony minister of the reli gious S ociety of Friends

Al l the sl aves had their b acks sc arred f rom We p assed on to A n
,
6 th m o 22 d 1 79 1
“
.
.
, .

the of t repe ate d whippings they had rece ive d ”

gusta Georgi a They c an sc arcely toler ate u s
- .
.
, ,

Mr ALONZO B AR N ARD , of F armin gton O hio

.
o n acco u nt of our abhorr e nce o f sl avery O n the .
, ,
2 8th we got to S av ann ah an d lod ge d at on e
who was in M ississippi in 1 83 7 an d 8 says ,
,

Blo unt s a h ard he arted sl aveholder O n e of his

’
,
- .

The sl aves were o f ten severely whipped I .

lads aged abo ut f o urteen was ordered to go an d
saw one w
, ,
om an very severely wh ippe d for ac ei milk the cows an d f allin g asleep thro u gh we a ,
dent ally c uttin g up a st alk of c otton “E When .
rin e ss the m aster c alled out an d ordered him a
,
they were whipped they were c ommonly hel d '

flo ggin g I aske d him wh at he m e ant b y a fl og

d own by f ou r m en if these co uld not confine them
.

gin g He replied the way we serve them here

,
.
,
they were fastene d by st akes driven firmly into is we c ut their b acks u ntil they are raw all over
, ,
the gro u nd an d then l ashed of ten so as to draw
,
an d then s alt them Upon this my feelin gs were
blood at e ach blo w I saw on e wom an who had
.

.
ro used I told him th at was too b ad an d qu eried ,
l ately been d elivere d of a child in consequence of if it were possible he replied it was with m any
” ,
cr uel tre atm ent .
c u rses up on the blacks At supper this un feelin g .

Rev H LY M A N l ate p astor of the Fr ee Presby

. .
,
wretch c rave d a b l essin g
teri an Ch u rch at B uff alo N Y s ays N ext m orn in g I he ar d some one be ggin g fo r
, . .

mercy an d also the l ash as of a whip N ot know

There was a ste am cotton press in the vicinity , .

,
in g whence the so u nd c am e I rose an d pre sently
.

of my b o ardin g ho u se at N e w O rle ans which w

, ,
as ,
fo und the poor b oy tie d u p to a p ost his toes
driven ni gh t an d day witho u t interm ission M y , .

s carcely to uch in g the gro u nd an d a ne gro whip

,

c u riosity led m e to look at the interior of the est ab per He had alre ady c ut him in an unmerci ful
,

There I saw sever al sl aves en gage d

,

l ishm e n t
.

m anner an d the blood ran to his heels I step .

in rol lin g cotton b ags fastenin g ropes l ading , ,

,

ped i n between th em an d ordered him u ntied im

c arts & c
,
, .

m edi ately which with some rel uctance an d as

The presidin ggen iuso f ithe place was a driver
’ .
‘
, ,

'
,
ton ishm e n t was done Ret urning to the ho use I
who hel d a rope f o ur f eetl o n gin his h and which
.
'
,
,
saw the l andlord, who then showed him sel f in his
he wielded with cru el dexterity H e u sed it in .

tru e colors the most abomin ably wicke d m an I ,

sin gle blows j u st as the m en were li f tin g to tight
,
ever met with f ul l O f horrid execr ations an d
e n the b ale cords It seemed to me th at he was .
thre atenin gs upon all northern people b ut I did
,

desirou s to e di fy m e with a specimen of his autho not sp are him which occ asioned a byst ander to
rity ; at an y r ate the cr uelty was horri b le ” .
sa with o ath th at I sho ul d be popped “
y , a n ,

Mr J O HN V A N C E ,
. m ember of the B aptist a over ” W e le f t them an d were in ful l expecta
. ,

Ch urch in St A lb ans L ickin gcou nty O hio who tion of th e ir way l ayin g or com in g af ter us b ut -
,

the Lord restraine d them The next ho use we

.
, , , ,
.

move d f rom C ulpepper cou nty Va his n ative ,

stopped at we f ou nd the s am e wicke d spirit ”
.

state in 1 81 4 testifies as f ollows :

C ol E w an E L s of Ric hfie l d
, ,
on T H O hio
In 1 82 6 I saw a wom an b y the n ame of ,
.

“ , ,
,

M all ix fl og her fem ale sl ave with a horse W hip so

, - gives the followin g testim ony
horribly th at she was w ashe d in s alt an d w ater E i ght or ten ye ars ago I was in P utn am co un
se ver al d ays to keep her b r uises from morti fyin g ty in the st ate o f Georgi a, at a M r Sl aughter s
’
.
, . , ,

I n 1 81 1 , I was ret u rnin g f rom mill in She the father of my brother s wi fe A ne gro th at ’
.
, ,
.

n an doah co u nty when I he ard the cry o f m urder , , belon ge d to M r Walker ( I believe ) was acc used .
, .
,

in the field of a m an n am ed Pain ter I rode to of ste alin g a pedl ar s t ru nk The ne gro denied , ’
. .

the place to see wh at was goin g on Two men .

, b ut witho u t ceremony was l ashed to a tree —the
, ,

b y the n am es o f John M organ an d M ich ael S ig whippin g commenced— six or ei ght men took
l ar had he ard the cry an d c ame r unnin g to the
,
turn s— the p oor fellow be gge d for mercy b ut with ,

pl ace I saw P ainter be atin g a n e gro with a tre out eff ect u ntil he w as liter ally ou t to p iec es f rom
‘

. , ,

men dons cl ub or smal l h and spike swe arin g he , , his shou l de r s to his hip s an d covere d wi th a gore ,

wo uld k ill him ; b ut he was resc ued by M organ o f blood When he s ai d the tr unk was in a st ack
.
.

an d Si gl ar I le arned t h at Painter had c om

. of fodder he w as u nl ashe d They proceede d to the
, .

m en c e d flo ggin g the sl ave for n ot getti n g to work st ack b ut fo und n o tr unk They asked the poor
,
.

Mr C orn eli us John so n of F armin gton 0 hio was al so

‘
fellow wh at he lied ab o ut it for he s aid
, L ord , ,

M ass a to keep from bein g whipped to de ath ; I

, ,

a witn ess to this in hu m an ou trage up on an un p rotec ted w

.
,
o ,

m an f or the u n in ten tion al d estruc tion of a stal k of cotton !

, know nothin gab ou t the tr u nk ” They commen c ed .

[ n his testi m on y he is m ore p arti cular an d say s that the

n um b e r of l a hes in fl i c ted u p on her b y the overseer w
s a
, ,
s
the whippin g with re dou ble d vi gor unti l I real ly ,

out H U NDR ED AN D n e w supposed he wo uld b e whipped to de ath on the

"
3
5
66 P un ishmen ts— F l oggin gs .

S pot ; an d suc h shrieks an d cryin g for m ercy ran w ay again he woul d kill him T he ne gro
a , .
,

A gam he acknowled ged an d again they were de so soon as an opp ort unity o ffere d ran a w ay a ain
, g , .

f e ated in fin din g an d the s ame re as on given as , He was c au ght an d brou ght b ack A gain he .

be fore S ome were for whippin g again others

.
,
was sco u r ged u ntil his flesh m an gled an d torn , , ,

thought he wo u ld not s u rvive an other an d they ,

an d th i ck m in le d with the clotted blood ro ll e d
g ,

ce ase d Abo u t two months af ter the tru nk was

.
,
f rom his b ack He bec am e app arent l y inse nsible .
,

f o u nd an d it was then asc ert ai ne d who the thie f

,
an d bene ath the he aviest s troke wo uld sc arcely

was an d the poorfellow af ter bein g ne arly be at ,

u tter a
gro an T he m aster got tired l aid down .
,

to de ath an d twice m ade to lie abo u t it was as

, , his whip an d n ailed the n e gro s e ar to a tree ; in ’

inn ocent as I wa s
”
. this conditi on n ailed fas t to the r ugged wood he , ,

rem ained al l ni ght !

The f ollowin g statement s are f urnis hed by M a .

S uffice i t to say in the concl u sion th at the , ,

or HO RA C E N YE of P u tn am M usk in gu m co unty next d ay he was f o u n d DEA D
j , , ,

O hio . Well wh at di d they do with the m aster

,

In the su mmer of 1 837 Mr JO IIN H M O O RE , . .

The sum total of it is this : He was t aken be f ore
a m a istr ate an d
HEAD a p artner of m ine descended the M ississipp i
, , g gave bonds f or his appe ara nce ,

with sever al boat lo ads of flo u r He told m e th at .

at the n ext co u rt Well to be s ure he had p l e n .
,
.

floatin g in a pl ace in the M ississippi where he ty of c ash so he p aid up his bonds an d move d
,
,

could see for m iles a he ad b e perceived a c on a w ay an d there the m atter ended

, .
,

course of people on the b ank th at f or at le ast a ,

“
I f the above f ac t will be of an y service to
mile an d a h al f above he saw them an d h e ard '

, y ou in exhibitin g to the world the cond ition o f

the scre am s of som e p erson an d for a gre at dis ,
the un fortu n ate ne groes y ou are at liberty to ,

t ance the cr ack of a whip he run ne ar the shore

, , ,
m ake u se of it in an y way y ou think be st .

an d saw them whippin

g a bl ack m an who was ,
Yo urs fr atern ally , ,

on the
gro u nd an d at th at tim e ne arly u n able to
, M D U ST I N . .

scre am b ut the whip contin u e d to be plied

,
M r AL FRE D WI LK I N S ON a m ember of the B ap
withou t intermission as lon g as he was in si ght
. .
,
,
tist Ch urch in S k e n e atel es N Y an d the as
,

y from on e mile an d a h al f to two miles be

. .
,
sa ,

low— he prob ably saw an d he ard them for on e se ssor of th at town has f urnished the followin g ,

ho ur i n al l He expressed the opinion th at the

.
I wen t down the M ississippi i n December '

,
man co ul d not s urvive 1 80 8 an d saw twelve or f o urteen ne groes p unish
.
, .

Abo u t f o ur weeks smee I had a convers ation c d on on e plant ation by stretchi n g them on a , ,

with Mr Porter a respect able citizen o f M organ ladder an d tyin g them to it ; then strippin g off their
.
,

cou nty, of this state of abo ut fi fty ye ars of age clothes an d whippin g them on the n ake d fle sh
, .
,

He told m e th at he f orm erly tr avele d abo u t five wi th a heavy whip the l ash seven or ei ght f e e t
'

yea rs i n the so u thern st ates an d th at on on e oc l on g m ost of the strokes c ut the skin I under
, .

c asion he stopped at a p rivate ho u se to st ay al l stood they were whipped for not doin g the t asks ,

n i ght ( I think it was in Virgini a ) whil e he was allotted to them ” , .

conversin g with the m an his W i fe c ame in an d O hio

F R O M THE P H I LA NT H RO P I SI
,
Cincinn ati , ' ‘
,
compl ained th at the w e nch had broken som e ar .
, ,

tiele in the kitchen an d t h at she m u st b e whip Feb 2 6 1 839 .

, .
, _

ped He took the wom an i nto the do or y ard

.
A very intelli gent l ady the wi dow of a hi gh
'

, ,

stripped her clothes down to he r h ips— tied her l y respect able pre acher of the gospel of the Pres ,
.

h ands together an d dr awin g the m up to a limb b y terian Ch urch f orm erly a resident of a f ree
, , ,

so th at she co ul d j u st tou ch the

gro u nd took a state an d a coloni z ationist an d a stron g anti , , ,

very l ar ge cowskin whip an d Co mmenced flo g abol itionist who altho ugh an enemy to sl avery
, , , ,

gin g ; he s ai d th at every stroke at first ra hse d the was oppose d to abolition On the gro u nd that it
sk in an d immedi ately the blood c am e through ; was for c arryin g thin gs too r apidly an d witho ut
, ,

t his he contin ued u ntil the b lood stood in a p a d re gard to circ u mst ances an d especi ally who b e
, .
,
.

dle at her f eet He then turned to my in fo rm ant l ieve d th at abolition ists ex agger ated with re gard
.

an d s aid , Well Y ankee wh at do y ou thi n k of to the evils of slavery an d u se d to say th at s u ch

, , ,
on
th at men ought to go to sl ave st ates an d se e for them
EX TRA C T o r A LE TTE R FR O M M R W D U STI N a selves to b e convince d th at they did the sl ave . .
,
,

holders inj u stice has one an d seen f or hersel f

member of the M ethod i st E piscop al Ch urch an d g , ,
,
.

H ear her testimony

when the letter was written 1 835 a st u dent of
.

Ken tu ck y Dec 2 5 1 835

, ,

Mariett a College O hio

. .
, ,
,
De ar M rs W — I am still in the l an d of o p
.
. .

I find by lookin g over m y j o urn al th at the pression an d cr uelty b ut hop e soon to bre athe ,

m urderin g which I spoke of yesterd ay took the air o f a free state M y so u l is S ic k of sl avery
, , .
,

pl ace abou t the first of J une 1 83 4 an d I rej oice that m time is ne arly expired ; b u t
y , .

“
Withou t commentin g up on this ac t of cru el the scenes th at I h ave witnessed have m ade an .

ty o r givin g vent to my o wn f eelin gs I will sim

, impression th at never c an be e ff aced an d hav e .

ply gi ve y ou a st atement of the f act a: known inspired me with the determ in ation to u nite m y
, ,

from p erson al observ ation f eeble e ff orts with those who are l aborin g to sup
.

Dr K a man of we alth an d a pr actisin g press this horrid System I am n owan a b ol itie n

. .
, .

physici an in the co un ty O f Y azoo st ate of M is ist Y ou will ce ase to be s urprised at this whe n , ,
,

sissip i
p person ally kno wn t o me h avin g lived I in form y ou th at I h ave j u st seen a poor sl ave
, , ,

in the s ame n ei ghborhood more th an twelve who was be aten by his i nh um an m ast e r u ntil he
m on ths after h avin g sco u rged on e o f his ne groes co u ld neither w alk n or stand
, I sa w him f rom .

fo rrunnin gaw ay, dec l are d with an o ath th at if he m y win dow c arried from the b arn where he had ,
 P un ishmen ts — Fl o i 67
gg g
n s .

been whipped ) to the c abin b y two ne gro men ,

f ace to him , he wo ul d hit her across the face either
an d he now lies there an d if he recovers will be , , with the b u tt end or sm all end o f the whip to
Y ou
'

a su fi e re r for m onths an d prob ably f or li f e ,

. m ake her t u rn her b ack ro u nd squ are to the l ash ,

w ill do ubtless s uppose th at he com mitted some th at he mi ght ge t a fair blow at her .

gre at crime ; b ut it was not so He was c alled . M r S ay had noticed sever al wo u nds on her
.

u pon by a yo u n g m a n ( the so n of his m aster ) to , person chie fly br uises

,
.

do som ethin g an d not movin g as q u ickly as his

, C apt ain Porter keeper of the work ho u se into ,
-
,

y o un g m aster wished him to do he drove him to ,

which M illy had been received tho ught the inj u ,

the b arn knocked him down an d j u mpe d upon ries on her per son very b ad— some of them ap
‘

, ,

him stamped an d then cowhided him u ntil he

, , p e are d to be b u rns — some br uises or stripes as of ,

was alm ost de ad This is n ot the first ac t o f . a cow hide

” -
.

cr uel ty th at I h ave seen thou gh it is the wor st ;

an d I am convinced th at those who h a ve des
,
LETTE R O F RE v J O H N RA NK I N , of Ripley .
,

c rib e d the cr u el ties of sl aveholders h ave n ot ex O hio to the E ditor of the Philanthropist
, .

,
”
a
gge ra e d
t .
R I PL EY Feb 2 0 1 839 , .
, .

Some time since a member o f the Presbyte

EX TRA C T O F A L ETTE R FR O M G E RRrr S M I TH ,

ri an Ch urch of E benezer Bro wn cou nty O hio , , ,

E sq o f Peterb oro N Y
.
,
’
, . .
l anded his bo at at a point on the M ississippi H e .

P ETE RB O R O Decemb er 1 1 838 sa w some distu rb ance amon

g the colored people
’
.
, ,

T o the E ditor of the Un ion H eral d on the b ank He steppe d u p to see wh at was .
,

“
M y de ar Sir — Y ou wil l be happy to he ar th at ,
th e m atter A bl ack m an was stretched n ake d
.

the two fugitive sl aves to whom i n the brotherly ,

on the
gro u nd ; his h ands were tied to a st ake ,

love of yo u r he art y ou gave the u se of yo u r ,

an d one held e ach f oot He was doom e d to re .

horse are sti ll m akin g u ndistu rbed pro gress to c e iv e fi f ty l ashes ; b u t by the time the overseer
,

w ards the m on arc hic al l and whithe r rep u b l ic an .

had given him twenty fi v e with his gre at wh ip -
,

sl aves esc ape fo r the enj oyment o f liberty They .

the b lood was st andin g ro und the wretched vi c
had e aten their bre ak fast an d were se ated i n my ,
tim in little p u ddles It appe are d j u st as if it had .

w agon be fore day d awn this m ornin g

,
-
, .
rained bloo d — Another observer steppe d up an d ,

F ugitive sl aves h ave be f ore t aken m y hou se in advise d to de fer the other twenty fi ve to another -

their way b u t never an y whose lips an d persons

, ,
time lest the Sl ave mi ght die ; an d he was rel e as
,

m ade so f or c ible an appe al to my sensibilities an d ,

ed to receive the b al ance when he sho u ld h ave
,

kindled in m e so m u ch abhorrence of the hell so recr u ited as to be able to be ar it an d live The .

concocte d system of Americ an sl avery .

o ff ence was comin g on e hour too l ate to work
, .

“
The f ugitives exhibited their b are b acks to m y M r R A NK I N who is
. n ative o f Tennessee
a
, ,
sel f an d a n u m b er o f m y nei hbors Willi am s ’
.

g .

in his letters on sl avery p ubl ishe d fi f teen ye ars

b ack is comp aratively scarred B ut I spe ak with .
,
,

i n bou nds when I say th at on e third to on e h al f -

S ince s ays
, ,
- ,

of the whole s u rfa ce of the b ack an d sho u lders A respect able gentlem an who is n owa citi ,

o f poor Scott con sis ts of som e a n d w a l es resu l t

,
zen of Flem in gsb u rg Flemin g co u nty Kentu cky , , ,

in gf rom in n um era b l e gashes His n at ural com . when in the st ate of South C arolin a was invite d ,

plexion b ein g ye l low an d the c allo u s pl aces be by a sl aveholder to w al k with him an d t ake a ,

in g ne arly bl a ck his b ack an d sho ulders remind ,

view of his f arm He complied with the in v ite . .

y ou of a spotte d anim al . tion th u s given an d i n the ir w alk they c am e to,

the place where the sl aves were at work an d ,

The L O UI SV I LL E REEP O RT R (Kentu cky ) Jan 1 5 ,
.
, fo u nd the overseer whippin g on e of them v ery
1 83 9 cont ains the report o f a tri al f or inh u m an
,
severely fo r n ot keepin g p ace with his f ellows
tre atmen t of a f e m ale sl ave The followin g is som e .
in v a in the poor f ellow alle ged th at he was S ic k ,

an d cou ld n ot W ork The m aster seemed to

of the testimony
give n in co u rt
.

think al l was well eno ugh hence he an d the gen

.

Dr CON S TA N T testified th at he sawM rs M ax

. .

tl e m an p assed o n In the sp ace of an hour they .

,

well at the kitchen d oor whippin g the ne gro se ,

ret urned by the s am e way an d f o u nd th at the ,
v e re l y witho u t bein g p artic ul ar whether she
,
poor sl ave who had been whipped as they first
str uck her in the face or not The ne gro was l a .
,

p assed by the field of l abor was act u ally de ad ! ,

cer ate d by the whip an d the blood flowin g Soon , .
This I h ave f rom un question able au thority ”
.

af ter on goin g down the steps he saw quantities

.

, ,

of blood o n them an d on retu rnin g saw them , ,

letter from a M E M BE R O FCON GRE S S,
E xtr act of a

S he had been thinly cl ad— b are foote d in to the E ditor of the N e w York Americ an d ate d
.

again .
,
very c old we ather S om etimes she had shoe s .
Washin gton Feb 1 8 1 839 The n ame of the , .
.
,
sometimes not In the be gi nnin g of the W inter
writer is with the E xec utive Committee of the
.

she had lins e y dresses since then c alico ones , , .

D urin g the l ast fo ur months had notice d m any ,

Am eric an Anti —S l avery Society .

sc ars on her p e rson A t one time had one of her . Three d ays ago the inh abit ants in the vici ni ,
.

eyes tied up for a week D urin g the l ast three . ty of the n e w Pa tent B uildin g were al arme d by
m onths seemed declinin g, an d had become stupi an o utc ry in the street which proved to be th at ,

tie d . M r Wi nters was p assin g alon g the street

.
, o f a sl ave who h ad j u st been knocked down with
he ard cries looked u p thro u gh the window that
,
a brick b at by his p urs u in g m aster
- Prostr ate on .

was hoisted saw the boy whippin g her as m u ch

, ,
the gro u nd with a l arge gash i n his he ad the
, ,

as f orty or fi f ty licks while he st aid The girl , . poor sl ave was receiv i n g the blows of his m aster
was stripp e d down to the hips The whip seem . on on e side an d the kicks o f hi s m aster s son o n
,
’

e d to b e a co w hide W henever she turned her

.
- . the oth er His c ries b ro ugh t a flawindividuals to
.
68 P un ishme n ts—F l oggin gs .

the spot ; b ut no on e d ared to inte rfere save to , bou nd—his h ands belo w his knees an d a stic k
e xcl aim —Y ou will kill him — which was met by
,
crossin g his knees so th at he wo uld lie upon ,

the response He is mine an d I h ave a ri ght to

, , either side in f orm of the letter S O n e of the .

do wh at I ple ase with him ” The he art rendin g .

.
overseers l aid on fi fty l ashes—he still den ied the
scene was closed from p ub l ic view by dr aggin g the f t was t urned over an d fi fty more pu t on
-
.

the poor br uised an d wo un ded sl ave f rom the p ub So m etim es the m aster an d sometim es the over .

lic street into his m a ster s st able Wh at f ollowe d ’

. seers whippin g— as they relieved each other to
i s not known The o u tcries were he ard b y mem
. t ake bre ath Then he was for a tim e le f t t o .

bers o f Con gress an d others at the dist ance of him sel f an d i n the co urse of the day receive d
,

ne ar a qu arter of a m ile from the S cene . F O UR HUND RED LAsn E s— S till denyin g the ch ar ge
N ext mornin g M r Anthony w alked o ut—the sun
.

And n ow perh aps y ou will ask is n ot the

, , , .

c ity aro u sed by this fl agr ant cru elty an d bre ach was j u st risin g— he saw the m an gre atly en fe e
o f the pe ace ? I answer— riot at al l Every . bled le anin g against a st um p It was time to go
, .

thin g is q uiet I f the occ u rrence is mentione d at

. to work— he attem pted to rise b ut f ell b ack ,

a ain a ttem pted an d a ain f ell b ack— still m ak

”
all i t is spoken of i n whisper s
'

,
.
g g ,

in g the attempt an d still f allin g b ac k M r A n

F rom the Mob il e E x am in er, A ugust 1 , 1 83 7
, , .

thon y tho ught ne arly twe n t

P OLIC E REP O RT—MAY O R S O FFI C E
tim es be f ore he
.

y ,

su cceeded in st andin g— he then s taggered off t o

“ ’
.

S atur d ay m orn in g A ugu st 1 2 1 837 , ,

.
his S hop I n co u rse of the m orni ng M r A went
. . .

His Honor the M ayor presidin g . to the d oor an d looked in T wo overseers were .

M r M I LL E R of the f o u ndry bro u ght to the

.
, , standin g by T he sl ave was f everish an d sic k
.

O ffi ce this m orn ing a sm all ne gro girl age d abo ut his skin an d m o u th dry an d p arched He was .

ight or ten ye ars whom he had t aken into his , very thirsty O n e O f the overseers while M r A
.
, . .

ho u se some tim e d u rin g the previ ou s ni ght She . was lookin g at him i n qu ire d of the other whether ,

had cr awled u nder the window o f his bed room to i t were n ot best to give him a little w ater NO .

screen hersel f f rom the ni ht air an d to find a

g , d am n him he will do well eno ugh was the re
, ,
’

w armer shelter th an the open c anopy of he aven ply from the other overseer This was al l the .

aff orde d O f al l obj ects o f pity th at h ave l ately

. relie f gai ned by the poor sl ave A fe wd ays af ter .
,

c om e to our view this poor little girl most needs , the sl aveholder s son c on f essed that he stol e the ’

the protection of authority an d the symp athies ”

, stra
p him sel
f .

of the ch arit able From the cr uel ty of her m as

.

ter an d m istress she has bee n whipped worke d , , Rev D C E A S T MA N a minister of the M etho
. . .
,

an d st arved u ntil she i s now a bre athin g sk e l e

, dist E piscop al ch urch at B loom in gb ur g Fayette ,
ton h ardly able to stan d upon her feet
, .
co u nty O hio has j u st f orw arded a letter f rom
, , ,
The b ack of the p oorl ittl e sufi erer ( which we
'
“

o urselves saw ) was ac tu al l y ou t in tostrin gs an d

,
which the f ollowin g is an extr act :
. ,

so p erf e c tl y was the flesh worn f rom her l im bs ,

G E O RG E RO EBU C K an ol d an d re spectab le ,

by the wretche d tre atment she had received th at ,

f armer ne ar Bloomin gb ur g Fayette co unty
, , ,

every j oin t show e d d istin c tl y its crevices an d p ro O hio a m ember of the M ethodist E piscop al
,

tub e ran c c s thro ugh the sk in Her little lips cl un g . ch urch s ays th at alm ost f orty three ye ars ago
, ,
-
,

c losely over her teeth— her cheeks we re s unken he saw i n B ath co unty Virgini a a sl ave girl , ,

an d her he ad n arrowed an d whe n her eyes were ,

w ith a sore between the sho ulders of the size an d
closed the li ds resemble d film m ore th an flesh or
,
sh ape of a smoothin g iron The girl wa s owne d .

skin . by on e M N eil A sl aveholder who bo arded at

‘
.

“
‘Ve wo uld desire of our n orthern f rien ds s uch M N e il s st ated th at M rs M N e il had pl ace d the
‘ ’
.
‘

as choose to p ublish to the world their own ver af ores aid iron when hot between the
girl s sho ul
’
,

sion of the c ase we h ave rel ated not to forget to ,

ders an d prod u ced the sore
, .

add i n concl u sion th at the owner of this little

, ,
Roeb u ck was once at this M N e il s f ather s ‘ ’ ’
,

an d whilst the ol d m an was at m ornin

girl is a f orei gner spe aks against sl avery as an , g pr aye r ,

instit ution an d re a ds his Bible to his wi fe with

, ,
he he ard the son plyin g the whip u po n a S l ave out
the view of findin g proo f s f or his opinions ” . of doors .

“
ELI W E S T of Con cord township F ayette , ,
Rev W I LLI A M S C AL E S of L yndon Vermont
.
, , ,
co un ty O hio , f ormerly of N orth C arolin a a
, , _

gives the followin g testimony in a recent le tter : f armer an d an e xhorter in the M ethodist Pro
,

I had a cl ass m ate at the Andover Theolo gi -

testant c hurc h s ays th at m any ye ars since he , ,

c al S emin ary who spent a se ason at the so u th

, , went to live with an u ncle who owned abo u t fi f ty
in Geor gi a; I think— who rel ated the f ollowin g ne groes Soon after his arrival his uncle ordere d ‘

- .
,
f act in an address be f ore the S emin ary It occ a . his w aitin g boy who was n ak ed to be tie d— his , ,

sion e d very d eep sensa tion on the p art o f o p h an ds to a horse r ack an d his feet to geth e r with , ,

p on e n ts The gentlem an was M r J uli us C An

. . . . a r ail p asse d between his le s an d held down by
g ,

thon y of T au nton M ass

, He grad uated at the , . a person at e a ch end I n this position he was .

Semin ary in 1 835 I do not kno w where he is . whipped from neck to foot till covered with
, ,

n o w settled I h ave no dou bt of the f act as he

.
,
b lood af ter which he was sal te d .

was an ey e witn ess of it The m an with whom

- . His uncle s sl aves received one q uart o f c om ’

he reside d had a very athletic sl ave —a v al uable e ach day an d th at only an d were allowed on e
, ,

f ellow— a bl acksmith O n a certain day a sm all . hou r e ach day to cook an d e at it They had n o .

str ap of le ather was m issin g The m an s little .

’
me at b ut once in the ye ar S uch was the general .

so n acc used this sl ave o f ste alin g it He denie d the u s a e in th at co untry

.
g .

ch ar ge while the boy m ost confidently asse rted it

, . West after this live d on e ye ar with E squire
, ,

The sl ave was bro ught out in to the y ard an d S t arky an d m other T hey had two h un dr e d .
 P un ishmen ts— F l oggin gs . 69

sl aves who received the usual tre atment of starv

,
ch urch were with De acon Larrim e r on this firm
,
.

a tion n akedness an d the cowhide

, They had o n e , .
ney an d are witnesses to the precedin g facts
,
.

li k ely ne gro wom an who bore no children For .

M r S A M UE L H A LL te acher in M ariett a Col a

,
th s ne glect her m istress ha d her b ack m a de n aked
.

,
.

an d a severe whippin
le ge O hio an d formerly secret ary of the Colon
g inflicted B ut as she con , ,
.

tin u e d b arren she was sold to the ne gro b u yers , .

’
zation society in th at V ill age has recently ,

T H O M A S LA RR I M ER a de acon in the Presby , comm unic ated the facts which f ollo w We .

teri an ch urch at Bloom in gb urg F ayette county , , quote f rom his letter .

O hio an d a resp e ctable f arm er s ays th at in April

, , , ,
The f ollowin g horrid fi agel l ation was wit
1 83 7 as he was goin g down the M ississipp i river
, ,
n e sse d in p art till his so ul was sick by M E
abo u t fi f ty miles belo w N atche z he saw ahe ad
, , .

, ,
GLI DDE N an in hab itan t p f M ariett a O hio who
, , ,
o n the le f t side of the river a colored person tie d ,
went down the M ississippi river with a bo at ,
to a post an d a m an with a driver s whip the
,
’
,
lo ad o f prod u ce I n the au tu m n of 1 83 7 it took
l ash abo ut ei ght or ten feet lon g With this the .

pl ace at wh at is c alle d M atthews or M a ’

.

m an com menced with m u ch deliber ation to whip , , ,

these s Ben d in December 1 837 M r G is ’
, . . .

with m u ch app arent f orce an d contin u ed till he ,

worthy of credit .

got Out o f si ght .

A ne gro was tied u p an d flo gged u n til the
When comin g up the river f orty or fi fty blood ran down an d filled his S hoes so th at when
,

miles below Vicksb urg a J u d ge O wens c am e on ,

he r aised either foot an d set it down again the
,

board the ste ambo at He was owner of a cotton .

blood wou ld run over their tops I cou ld n ot .

,

pl ant ation below there an d on bein g told of the

,
,
look on an y lon ger b ut t u rned aw ay in horror ,
a bove whippin
g he s aid th at sl aves were o f ten ,
the whipp i n g was contin u ed to the n u mber of
whippe d to de ath for gre at O ff ences s u ch as steri l ,
5 0 0 l ashes as I u nders tood a quart o f spirits o f
in g & c — b ut th at when de ath f ollowed the ,
, .
,
t urpent ine was then applied to his l acer ate d
overseers were generally severely rep roved body The s am e ne gro c am e down to my bo at
Abo u t the s am e time he Spent a ni ght at M r
.
“ ,
, .

to ge t som e appl es an d was so we ak f rom hi s

C asey s th ree m il es f ro m Col u mbi a S o u th C aro
’
, ,
.

wo u nds an d loss of blood th at he co uld n ot get

,

,
lin a Whilst there they he ard him gi vin g orders
.

up the b ank b u t f ell to the gro u nd T he cr ime

a s to wh at was to be done
.

an d amon gst other

,
, for which the ne gro was whipped was th at o f ,
thin gs Th at ni gger m ust be b u ried
, O n in .
’
.

tellin g the other ne groes th at the overseer had

q u iry he le arnt th at a gentlem an tr avelin g with
,
l ain with his wif e ”
,

a serv ant ha d a short tim e previo u s c alled there

.

, ,

an d s aid his serv ant had j u st been t aken ill an d ,

M r H all adds .

he sho ul d b e u nder the necessity o f le avin g him .

“
The f ollowin g statem ent is made by a
He did so The sl ave bec ame worse an d C asey .
,
yo u n g m an f rom W estern Virgini a He is .

c alled in a physici an who prono u nced it an O l d ,

a m ember o f the Presbyteri an Ch u rch an d a ,

c ase an d said th at he m u st shortly die The

, . stu dent i n M ari ett a Colle ge A l l th at prevents .

sl ave said if th at was the c ase he wo ul d now tell

, the introd u ction of his n am e is the peri l to his ,

the tr u th H e had been attacked a lon g time

.
,
li fe which w ou ld prob ably be the consequ ence
, ,

since with a diffic ulty i n the side— his m aster

.

on his ret u rn to Vir ini a His ch ar acter for i n

, g . .

swore he wo uld h ave his o wn out of him an d te grity an d veracity is above s u spicion .

st arted off to sell him with a thre at to kill him , .

O n the ni ght o f the gre at m ete oric shower i n ,

if he told he had been sic k more th an a f e w ,

N ov 1 833 . I was at Remley s t avern 1 2 m i les
.
’
,

d ays They saw them m akin g a rough pl ank west of L ewisb ur g G ree nbrier C o V irgin ia A
‘

. . .
, ,

b o x to b ury him in . drove of 5 0 or 6 0 ne groes stopped at the s am e

l n M arch 1 833 t wenty fi ve or thirty m iles
0

, ,
- pl ace th at ni ght T hey u s ually c amp out .
,
’

so u th o f Col u mbi a on the gre at ro ad thro u gh ,

b u t as it was e xcessively m u ddy they were per ,

S um p te rv il l e district they saw a l ar ge comp any ,

m itte d to com e i nto the hou se So far as m y .

o f fem ale sl aves c arryin

g r ails an d b uildin g fenc e . k nowled ge extends droves on their way to , ,
’

Three o f them were f ar adv ance d in pre gn ancy . the so u th e at b ut twice a day e arly in the m orn
,
‘

I n the m onth of J an u ary 1 838 he p u t up with , ,

in g an d at ni ght Their supper was a com po u nd .

pot atoes an d m e al an d was witho u t e x c e p

,

a drove o f m ules an d horses at on e A d ams on of

’ ’
, , , ,

the Drovers ro ad ne ar the so u th border of Ken ’

, tion the d irtiest b l ac k est l ook in g m ess I eversaw
, , .

t u cky H is son in l a w who had lived i n the

.
- -
, I rem arked at the tim e th at the f ood was n ot as
so uth was there I n convers ation abo ut pickin g
,
. cle an in appe ar ance as th at which was give n to
, ,

cotton he s aid some h ands c an not ge t the a drove of ho s at the s am e pl ace the ni ht
, , g g ,

slei ght o f it I have a girl who to day has done . - previou s S uch as it was however a bl ack wo
.
, ,

as
good a d ay s work at gr ubbin g as an y m an
’
,
m an bro u ght it on her he ad in a tray or tro u gh ,

b u t I co u l d not m ake her a h an d at cotton pick - two an d a h al f f eet lon g w here the m en an d ,

in g . I whipped her an d if I did it once I did it , wom en were promisc uo usly herded T he sl aves .

five h u ndred times b ut I f o u nd she c ou l d not ; , r ushed up an d seized it from the tro u gh in h an d
so I p ut her to c arryin g r ails with the m en . fu lls be fore the wom an co uld t ake it off her he ad
, .

A f ter a f e w d ays I f o u nd her sho u lders were so They j umped at it as if h al f f am ished - .

rawth a t every r ail w as b l ood as she l aid it down

y . They slept on the floor of the room which
I a sked her if she w o uld not rather pick cotton they were permitted to occ upy lyi n g in every ,

th an c arry r ails ‘ N o s aid she ‘ I don t ge t .

,
’
,
’
form im agin able m ales an d fem ale s p ro m isc u , ,

whipped now .
’
on ely T hey wer e so thick on the fl oor th at In
.
,
W I LL I A M A U ST I C K an elder O f the Presbyte .
, p assin g thro u gh the room it was necess ary to
ri an ch urch at Bloomin gbu r g an d M r G S F u l ,
. . . step over them .

lorton a merch ant an d memb er of the s am e

, There were three drivers on e of whom st ai d ,
 P un ishme n ts— F l oggin gs .

in the room to watch the drove , an d the other in the l an guage witness ‘ ou t his b ac k to of a ,
two slep t in a n adj oinin m in ce— B ut the fiend was not s atis fied with
g room E ach o f the . m e at?
l atter took a fem ale from the drove to lod ge with this He b urnt his le gs to a blister with hot em
.
,
him as is the comm on p ra ctice of the drivers
, bers an d then ch aine d him n ak ed in the Ope n
, ,

gener ally There is no doubt about this p arti en air we ary with r unnin
. .
, g we ak from the loss o f ,
l ar inst ance f or they were se en toge ther The . blood an d sm artin g from his b u rns I t w as a
cold ni ght—an d in the m orn in g the n egro was
.
, ,

m u d was so thick on the floor where this drov e

slept th at it was necess ary to t ake a shovel the
, ,
d ead Yet this m onster esc aped withou t even
.

the sha dow of a tri al

n ext mornin
g an d cle ar i t o u t Six or e i ght in The ne gro said the ’
. .
, ,

this drove were ch ained al l were for the so u th . doctor died b y — he knew not wh at an y ho w
, , ,

In the au t umn of the s ame ye ar saw a Gibbs did not ki l l A short time since
‘
, ,

drove of upw ards o f a h u ndred between 4 0 an d ( the letter is d ated April Gibbs whip
“

.
, , ,
5 0 o f them were f astened to on e ch ain the links ,
pe d another ne gro u nm erci f ully b ec au se the
bein g m ade of iron rods as thick in di ameter as a , horse with which he was plou hin g broke the
, ,
‘

m an s little fin ger This dr ove was bo u nd west

'

’
. reins an d ran He then r aise his whip against .

w ard to the O hio river to be shipped to the '

,
M r B owers ( son of M rs P ) who shot him
.
, . . .

sou th I h ave seen m any droves an d more or

.
,
Since I c am e here ( a period of abo u t six ,
’

less i n e ach almost W ithout exception were , , months ) there h ave been ei ght white men
,
‘

ch ained I never saw b ut one drove th at went an d tw o ne roes killed within 30 m iles o f me . ‘
.
, g ,

on their way m aking m erry In th at on e they .

M r K n ap p gives m e som e f urther v erb al p artic ulars
.
,
were bl o win g horns sin gin g an d appe ar ,
ab ou t this aff air He say s that his in f orm an t sawthe n egro
.

d e ad the n ext m orn in g that his l egs we re b l istere d an d

,
ed as if they had bee n drinkin g whi sky , ,

that the n e groes affirm e d that G ib b s c om p e l ed the m to

.

They gener ally appe ar extrem ely dej ected I l

thr owe m b ers u p on him B ut G ib b s d en ie d i t an d sai d
.
,
th e b listerin g was the eff ec t o f f rost as the n e gro was
.

h ave seen in the cou rse o f five ye ars on the ro ad

M r B owers a
, , ,

m uc h e x e sed to it b efo re b ein g tak en u p

'

ne ar where I reside 1 2 or 1 5 droves at le ast p as , ,

son of P hillip s b y a f o rm er husb an d attem p ted to
. .
,

have G ib b s b rought to j ustice b ut his m other j ustifi ed

rs
sin g to the so uth They wo u ld aver age 4 0 in ,
.

.
,

e ach drove N e ar the first of J an uary 1 834 I G ib b s aud n othin g was the re fore don e ab o u t it T he af
‘

. .
, , ,
f air took p lac e ih U p p er Elk ton T en n essee n e ar the A ls
started abo u t s unrise t o go to L ewisb ur g It .

b am a l in e
, ,
o

was a bitter cold mornin g I m et a drove of .

.

ne groes 30 or 4 0 in n umber rem ark ably r agged

, ,
The following is from M r Kn app s own lips .
’
,

an d dest i t u te o f clothin
g O n e little boy p arti e . t aken down a day or two since .

u l arl y excited my symp ath y He was some dis . .

M r B uster with whom I bo arded in L ime
.
, ,
t ance behind the others not bein g able to keep , ston e C o A l a rel ated to m e the followin g inci .

A ltho u gh he was shiverin g

.
, .
,
u p with the rest .
dent : Geor ge a sl ave belon gin g to one of the
with cold an d cryin g the driver was p ushin g him
,

, est ates in my nei ghborhood was l urking abo u t ,

U
p in a trot to overt ake the m ain gan g All of .
my resi dence witho u t a p ass We were m akin g .

them looked as if they were h al f f ro z en There -

.
prep ar ations to give him a floggin g b ut he es
was one rem ark able i nstance of tyr anny ex
,

, c ape d from u s N o t lon g afterw ards meetin g .

,
hib ite d by a boy n ot m ore th a n ei ght ye ars ol d a p atrol which had j u st t aken a ne ro in c u stody
, ,
g
th at c ame u nder my observ ation in a fa mily by , without a p ass I inquired Who h ave y ou there on ,
the n ame o f D— n six mil es f rom L ewisb ur g
,

, ,
le arnin g th at it was G eorge well I rej oine d there
This you n gster wo uld s we ar at the sl aves an d
, , ,

, is a sm all m atter betwee n him an d myself th at ,

exert al l the strength he possessed to fl og or , needs ad justment so give me the rawhide which , ,
be at them with wh atever instru ment or we apon
, I accordin gly took an d l aid 6 0 strokes on his ,
he co u ld l ay h ands on provided they did n ot , b ack to the utmost of my stren gth I was ’

obey him in stan ter He was enco ur age d in this

, .

.
spe akin g of this b arb arity afterw ards to M r , ,
.

b y his f ather the m a ster of the sl aves ,

The .
Br adley an overseer o f the Rev M r Donnell . .
' , ,
sl av es o ften fled from thi s you n g tyr ant in terror” .
who l ives in the vicinity o f M ore svil l e A l a ,
.
,

O h replie d he
’
we consider that a ve ry l ight
M r H all dds
.

, ,
a
M r Br adley is a pro fessor of
.

whippin g here .
’
.

T he f ollowin g extract is f rom a letter , reli gion an d is esteemed i n th at vicinity a very

,

to a s tu dent in M arie tt a Colle ge b y his f r i en d , pio u s xe m p l ary Ch risti an

, .
’

in Al ab am a Wi th the writer M r I S AA C
E X TRA C T o r A L ETTE R F RO M REV C S TE W A RT
. .
,

KN APP I am per fectly acq uainted He was a

. .

, .

st udent in the above Colle ge for the sp ace o f one R E N S HA W o f Q u in c y I llinois d ated J an 1 1 839
, , , .
, .

ye ar be fore goin g to Al ab am a was f orm erly a

, ,
I do not f eel at liberty to disclose the n ame
resident of D u mm erston Vt He is a pro fessor of .
of the brother who has f u r n ishe d the f ollowin g
,

reli gion an d as worthy of belie f as an y m ember

,
fa cts . He is hi ghly esteemed as a m an of sc ru
o f the comm u nity M r K has ret urned from the . . .
p u l o us ver acity I will confirm my own testim o .

So uth an d is n ow a member of the s am e colle ge

,
.
the certific ate of J u d ge S now an d M r .

( 1 838) a ne gro of a widowPhillips two o f the oldest an d m ost respect able

‘
I n Jan .
,

ran away was t aken u settlers in Q uincy

p an d confined in P u l aski .
, ,

j ail O n e Gi b bs overseer for M rs P mounted

.
Q u i n cy De c 20 1 838 , .
, .

Dear S ir — W e have b een lon g ac q uain ted with the

.
, .
,
“
on h orseb a ck took him f ro m confinemen t com ,

C hri sti an b rothe r who has n am e d to y ou so m e f ac ts that

, ,

p e l l e d him to run b ack to E lkton a dis tance o f

f ell u n der his ob servation whilst a residen t o f slav e state s
,
fi fteen miles whippin g him al l the way When .

He is a m e m b er of a C hristian c hurc h in good stan d i n g;

,

he re ached home the ne gro exh austed an d worn ,

an d is a m an of stri c t in tegrity of c harac ter

,
.

out excl aimed y o u h ave broke m y he art i e ’

, ,
. .
H ENRY H S n ow .
,

y o u h ave killed me For this G ibbs flew into .

, W I LLAR D R uv s s
Rev C S tewart R en haw
.

a violent p assion tied the ne gro to a st ake an d , , , . .

s .
 P u n ishmen ts— T orture s
'

p air , bo ut the b re ak of d ay , to their c abin doors

a stock with a he avy l ash from five to six f eet lon g , , .

an d , as the bl acks p assed out to give them as When they whip a sl ave they m ake him p ul l off
,

m any strokes of his cowskin as opport unity af his shirt if he has on e then m ake him lie down , ,

f orded ; an d he wo uld proceed in this m anner on his f ace an d t akin g their st and at the len th
g ,

f rom c abin to c abin u ntil the y were al l ou t O cc a

.
O f the l ash they inflict the p u ni shment Whip .
, .

s ion al l y some of his sl aves wo u ld abscond an d p in gs are so u n iversal that a ne gro th at has n ot ,

u pon be in b een whipped is t alked O f in al l the re gion as a

g ret ake n they were p u nished severely ;
an d some o f them it is believed died i n conso,
wonder By whippin g I do not me an a f e wlas hes ,
. .

I saw one
,

across the sho u lders b u t a se t flo ggin g an d ge n

quen c e o f the cr uelty o f their u s age . , ,

o f this m an s sl aves e ral l

abo u t sev enteen ye ars ol d y l y in g down
’
.
, ,

we arin g a coll ar with lon g iron horns e xtendin g

,
O n s u gar pl ant ations gener al ly an d on some ,

f rom his sho ulders f ar above his he a d cotton pl ant ations they h ave ne gro drivers who . , ,

are i n s u ch a de gree resp onsible for their

In the winter of 1 82 8 2 9 I tr aveled throu gh -
gan g ,

art o f the states o f M aryl and an d Virgi ni a to th at if they are at fault the driver is whi pped
Bal tim ore A t Frost Tow n on the n ational road
, .

.
The res ul t is the gan g are const antly driven b y
, ,
,

I p ut u p for the ni ght him to the exten t O f the infl uence of the l ash ; an d
S oon af ter there c am e in .
,

a sl aver with his drove of sl aves ; amon g them it is uni f ormly the c ase th at gan gs dre ad a ne gro
were two you n g men ch ained to gether The b ar driver more th an a w hite overseer
, .
.

room was assi gned to them for their pl a ce of I spent a winter on widow C alvert s planta ’
.

lod gin g— those in ch ai ns were guarded when they tion ne ar Rodney M ississippi b ut was not in a , , ,

had to go ou t I asked the owner why he kept

. sit uation to se e e xt r aordin ary p u nishm ents Bel ’
. .

these men ch aine d ; he replied th at they were lows the overseer f or a tr iflin g Off e nce took on e
, , , ,

sto u t y ou n gfel l ows an d sho ul d they rebel he an d

of the sl aves stripped him an d with a piece o f
, , , ,

b urnin g wood applied to bis posteriors b urned

'

his so n wo uld not be able to m an age them I . ,

then le f t the room an d shortly af ter he ard a him cr uelly ; wh ile the poor wretch scre amed in
,

s c ream an d when the l andl ady inq u ired the c au se

,
the gre atest agony T he p rincip al p rep ar ation ,
.

the sl aver coolly told her not to tro uble hersel f he f or p u nishm ent th at Bellows had was sin gle b an d , ,
.

was only ch astising one o f his women I t appe ar

‘

c ufl s m ade of iron with ch ains by which the of . , ,

.

ed th at thrc e d ays previo usly her chil d had died f ender co ul d be ch ained to f o u r st akes on the
o n the ro ad a n d been thrown into a hole or cre
, gro un d These are very common in al l the lower .

vice i n the m o u nt ain an d a f e w stones thrown co u ntry I noticed on e sl ave on widow C alvert s
,
.
’

over it ; an d the m other weep in g f or her child pl ant ation who was whippe d from twenty fi v e to ,
-

was ch astised by her m aster an d told by him fi fty l ashes every f ortni ght d u rin g the whole win
, ,

she sho uld h ave som ethin g to cry for ter T he expression whippe d to de ath as ap
The .
’
.
,
’

n am e of this m an I c an give if c alled for plied to sl aves is com mon at the so uth . , .

When en gaged in this j o urney I spent abo ut Sever al ye ars ago I was goin g below N ew O r - .

on e month with my rel ations in Virgini a le ans in wh at is c alled the Pl aqu emine country
It be . , ,

in g shortly af ter new ye ar the time of hirin g was an d a pl anter sent d own in my bo at a run aw
,
a
y he
over ; b ut I saw the pou nds an d the sc aff olds had f o u nd in N e wO rle ans to his pl ant atio n at
,
-
,

which rem a ined of the poun ds in which the slaves O ran ge 5 Poin ts As we c am e ne ar the Points he
,
.

had been penne d up ” told me with deep f eelin g th at he expected to be

. , ,

whippe d alm ost to de ath pointin g to a gr ave .

M r G E O RGE W Ws e ArE of Q u incy Illi y ard he s aid

. . There he five who were whipped
'
, , , ,

n ois who lived in the so u thweste n sl ave st ates a to de ath O verseers generally keep some o f the ’

r
.

,
women on the pl ant ation ; I sc arce know an ex
'

n u mber of ye ars has furnishe d the f ollowin g st ate

,
.

c e tion to this Indeed their interco u rse wit h

p
w
. ,
ment .

them is very m u ch promisc u o u s — they sho them ,

The gre at m ass of the slaves are u n der drivers not m u ch if an y f avor M asters f requ ently fol ,
. .

an d overseers I never saw an overseer witho ut low the ex ample of their overseers in this thin g
. .

a whip the whip u s ual ly c arried is a short loaded G E O RGE W VVEe A rE

”
.
'
.

II . T O RTUR E S , BY IRO N C O LL ARS CHA IN S F E TT E RS HAN DCUFFS , , , , &c .

The sl aves are o ften tortured by iron coll ars ,

c if
y the iron coll ars h andc uff s ch ains fetters , , , ,

with lon g pron gs or horns an d sometim es bells “

& c which they wore upon their necks wrists
.
, , ,

att ached to them — they are m ade to we ar ch ains , ankles an d other p arts of their bodies
,
To p ub . .

h andc u ff s f etters iron clo gs b ars rin gs an d

, , , , , lish the whol e of e ach advertisement wo uld need ,

b ands of iron u pon their limbs iron m arks upon ,

lessly occ upy sp ace an d tax the re ader ; we sh all
their faces iron gags in their m o uths & c
, , . . conseq u ently as hereto fore give merely the n am e , ,

I n proo f of this we give the testimony o f sl ave

,
of the advertiser the n ame an d d ate o f the news ,

holders themselves u nder their own n ames ; it , p ap er cont ainin g the advertisement with the pl ace ,

will be mostly in the f orm of extracts f rom their O f p ublic ation an d only so m uch of the advertise ,
.

ow n advertisem ents in so uthern newsp apers in , ,

ment as will give the p artic ul ar f ac t provin g the ,

which describin g their r un aw ay sl aves they spe

, ,
tr u th of the assertion cont ained in the gen er al head .
 P un ishmen ts— T orture s. 73

WI TN E SS E S . TE S T I M ON Y .

W il l iam T oler , she rifi of S im p son

’

c oun ty , M ississip p i, in the

“
S ou the rn W as com mitted to j ail a yellow boy named Jim— had o n
S un
22 , £
J ac k son M ississip p i S e p tem b er l arge l oc k c hain arou n d his
,

n ec k .
”
a

838 .

Mr . J m R Gra es .
, i
e en
n the
“
e ac on , B Ran way
a a m an n amed Squ ire —Lh ad
ne gro on a c ha in l oc k ed
G r ‘
n sb orough, A l ab am a, A ugust 23 , ,

18 g
g with a house - l oc k , arou n d his n e c k ” .

Mr . H zl
L ofl an o, in the S p ec ta
a et
Ran a way a n e gro n amed D avid— with some iron hobb l ee
S taun ton , V irgin ia, S ep t 27 , 1 838
” ,
tor, ”
d h kl e
. .

arou n e ac an .

Mr T B u ggy , N ew O rlea n s, all a G Ran away , ne gress C aroline — had on a col l ar with on e p ron g
. .

tin stre e t, b etwe en osp ital an d B ar H turn e d d own ”

N
r ac k s, O B ee , ” O c t 27 , 1 837 . . . .
.

Mr . J ohn H en de rson W ashin gton , ,

Han aw ay , a black wom an Betsey—had an iron b ar on her
c ou n ty , Mi , in t he “
Gran d G ulf A d ver ”
,

h l
.

tise r ”
A ugust 2 9 , 1 838 i
rg t e
g .
,
.

W ill i am Dy er, riff C l aib orn e

ne gro n ame d Ambr ose— has a rin g
.

she , ,
W as comm itte d to j ail , a
L ouisi an a, in the e ral d , “
H "
N atchi
toc hes , ( L a ) ul y 26 , 1 837 . J .
of iron arou n d his n cc k .
”

M r O wen C ook e , M ary s treet b e”

ween C om m on
t
.

an d J ac k son str"ee ts
,

,
Han aw ay , my sl ave Amos had a c hain tt ached to on e of
N e w O rle an s in , the N . 0 .
“
B ee , S ep ”
, a

tem b e r 12 , 1 8 37 .
his le gs .

H . W . Ri c e, sheriff , C olle ton d istric t,

Comm itted to j ail a ne gro n am ed P atrick a bo u t forty fi ve
S outh C aro in l in a, the C harleston , ,
-

ye ars old an d is han dcufl ed ”

'

M erc ury , ” S e p te m b e r 1 , 1 838 . ,

.

W . P . R ee ves j ailor ,
S he b y cou n ty ,
, l Committed to jail a ne gro—had on his ri ght l eg an iron b an d
T i n the M em p his E n q ui e , rr ,

J
en n esse e , ”
un e 1 7 , 1 837 .
wi th on e link of a ch ain .

Mr . F ran c is Durett, Lexin gton L au , Kan awa y ne gro m an n amed Ch arles— had on
a a drawin g
d erd al e c oun ty , A l a , in the . H un ts
c hain
,

f astened aro un d his ankle with a hou se lock ”

v il l e Dem oc at, A ugust 29, 1 837
"
r . ,
.

M r A M u rat, B a”ton R ou ge , in the

way the ne gr o M anuel m u ch m ark e d with iro ”
N e wO rle a ns
. .

B ee, J un e 20 , 1837 .
Ran a , , n s .

Mr J rd o an A b b ott, in the “ H t un svil l e Ran way a ne gro boy n amed D aniel

a , , a bou t ninetee n ye ars
an d w
.

”
Dem oc rat,
'
”
N ov 1 7, 1 838 . .
ol d, as han dc ufl e d .

Mr J . M ac oin , N o 1 77 A n n street,
.
Ran w
a a ,
y the ne gress Fanny— had on an iron b an d ab out
N ewO rl e an s, in
.

”
the “ B ee , A ugust l l , ”
1 838 .
her n ec k .

M en a rd B rothers , p a ish r of B er .

Ran away , a ne gr o n amed John — h aving an iron aroun d his

h ard , L ouisian a, in the N 0 “
B ee, ” ”
h f t
,

rig
.

A ugu t s t oo .

Mess rs . J . L . an d W . H B lt . o onS hel , Absconded a colore d boy n am ed Peter4—had ,

an ir on rou n d
b y c oun ty , T in the Mem p hi s
J
e n n esse e , ”
his n e c k when he went away
E n q uirer,
”
7 , 1 8 37
.
un e .

H G ridl y , she iff of r A dam s c o un ty ,

W as committe d t oj ail , a ne gro boy— had on a l arge n ec k
f l arge b ar or b an d of iron
.

M i , in the “ M e m p his (T en n .
) T im es,
”
iron with a huge p air o horn s an d a
S e p tem b e , 1 8 3 4 r .
on his le f t l eg” .

M r L am b re , in the . N atc hi toc hes Kan aw ay , the ne gro boy Te am s—he had on his n eck an ir on
( L a d e ral d , M arc h 29 ,
”
H 1 837 .
”
c ol l ar.

Mr F erdi n an d L em os, N ew O rl e an s, Ran way the ne gro George— he had on his neck
a an iron
J ,
.

”
B ee , an u ary 29 , 1 838
“
in the .
col l ar, the br an ches of which had been t aken off ” .

Mr T . . J
De Y am p e rt, m erc han t, Mo
.

Ran a way a ne gro b oy abou t twel ve ye ars old— had ro un d

b il e , A l ab am a of the fi rm of De Y ,

r K
in g & C o , in the
arn
Mob il e C hron
,
his neck a c hain dog c ol l ar
-
wi th De Y a m p e rt en gra ved o n it ” l

p e t,”
J
. , .

l c ie , un e 1 5 , 1 838 .

JH H. . d , ai o , S t:
an an c svi e,
”
j lr Fr i ll Com mitted to j ail sl ave John — has sever al sc ars on his wrists
La ,
in the “ L ouis ian a C hron ic l e , J ul y , ,

occ asioned as he s ays b y han dc ufi s ”

.

.
, ,

Kan aw ay the ne gro H own — has a rin g o f iro n on his l e f t

M r C harl es C u rc n er, N ewO rlean s , in , ,

the
.

B ee, ”
J u ly 2 , 1 838 .
f oot . A l so , G rise e , his wif e h avin g , a rin g an d c hai n on the

Mr . P . T . M an n in g, H t vill un s e, Al a
Han aw ay , e gro b oy n amed J ame s—said b oy was iron ed
b am a, in the “
H un tsvill e Advoc ate , ” a n
”
O c t 23 . 1 9 3 8
. . when he le f t me .

Mr W i iam L L am b eth, L i c h
.

b u rg, V irgin ia, in the “ Moul ton Al a ]

ll .

Ran a way Jim —had on when he escaped a p air of c hain

, han d .

W hig,” an ua y 30 , 18 36 J r .
74 P un ishme n ts — T o rtures .

Mr D F G uex S ecretary O f the Ran a way E dm un d Colem a n— it is s upposed he m ust h ave

S t am C otton P r ss C m p an y N w O r
.

,
e e o e
shac kl es on hi s an k l es
n
l oan s, in the “
C om m e rc ial Bull etin ,
” zron .

May 27, 1 83 7 .

m y; figfi fifiggcrfig
Egg é; i' ’
Kan aw ay a m ul att o —had on when he le f t , a p air of
han d c ufi s d a p ai r of drawin g c hain ”
0

M arc h 3 , 1 838 .
an s
.

B W H od e s, g j ailor P ik e c oun ty ,
Committe d to j ail a m an who c alls his n am e John— he has
,

his right f oot whic h wil l weigh f our or fi ve

. .
,
A l ab am a, in the
“
M on tgom c ry A dve r a c l og of iron on
tise r " S ep t
, . 2 9, 1 837 .

p ou n ds ” .

If B ay hi, c ap tain of p ol ic e , in the

. N . Det aine d at the police j ail the ne gro wench M yr a—has ,
0 “ 3 9 0 3 4 11 1 16 9 . 1 83 8 sever al m arks of l ashin g an d has iron s on her f e e t ”
, .

M r C harles K e rn in arish o f Jefl c r

‘

Ran way Betsey— when she le f t

gN he had her n ec k an
.
’
a s on i ron
so“ , L ou is an a, i in ,h . 0 ;
“
B ee , ”
”
,

A ugus t 1 1 , 1 8 3 7 .
c ol l ar.

The fore goin g advertise ments are s uffi cient for T the precedin g M ajo r
o N y e adds
our p u rpose scores o f simil ar ones m ay be gather
.
, W hen I was abou t twelve ye ars o f age I live d
ed from the newsp apers of the sl ave states every at M ariett a in this st ate I kn e w little of sl aves
, ,

as there were f e w or none at th at time in the

month .
, ,

p art of Vir gini a opposite th at pl ace B ut I re

To the precedin g testim ony of sl aveholders
.

,
membe r seein g a sl ave who had run aw ay f rom
published by them selve s an d vo u ched for by their , som e pl ace beyon d my knowled ge at th at tim e
ow n si gn at ures we s ubjoin the f ollowin g testi , he had an iron coll ar ro u nd his neck to which ,

mony o f other W itnesses to the s ame point .

was a str ap o f iron rivetted to the coll ar on e ach ,

J O H N M N E LS ON E sq a n ative of Virgi ni a .
, .
, ,
si de p assi n g over the top of the he ad ; an d an o
,

n owa hi hly respected citi zen o f Hi hl an d co u nty

ther str ap f rom the b ack side to the top of the
,
g g ,
first— th u s inclosin g the he ad on three si des I
O hio an d member of the Presbyteri an Ch urch in
, .

,
looke d on W hile the blacksm ith severed the coll ar
Hillsboro ugh in a recent letter st ates the fol , with a file which I th ink took him more th an, , ,
”
lowin g an ho u r .

I n St aunton Va at the ho u se of M r Robert , .

, .
Rev JO H N D UD L E Y M o u nt M orris M ic hi gan
.

M Dowe l l a merch an t o f th at pl ace I once saw a

, , ,
‘
, .
reside d as a te acher at the m ission ary st ation ,
c olored wom an o f intelli gent an d di gnified ap
g the Choct aws i n M ississippi d u rin g the
,
am on
p e aran c e who app e ared to be attendin g to the
, ,
,

b usiness of the ho u se with an iron c ol l ar aro u nd ,

ye ars 1 830 an d 3 1 I n a letter j u st receive d Mr . .

her neck with horns or pron gs e xtendin g ou t on

,
e ither side an d u p u ntil they met at somethin g
like a f oot above her he ad at which p oint there
was a bell att ached This y oke as they c alled
D u dley says
, , D urin g the time I was on mission ary gro un d ,
, which was in 1 83 0 an d 3 1 I was f r eq u ently at the
,

.
, residence of the agent who was a sl aveholder , .

it I understood was to prevent her from ru nnin g

, I never knew o f his tre atin g his own sl aves with
aw ay or to p u nish her for h avin done so I had c ruelty ; b ut the poor f ellows who were esc apin g
, g .
,

f req uently seen m e n with iron coll ars b ut this was an d lod ed with him wh e n detected f o und n o
, g ,

the first inst ance th at I recolle c t to h ave seen a clemency I on ce saw there a f etter f or thc
.
‘

f em al e th u s de gr aded . d— d ru n away s the wei ght of which c an be ,

’

M aj or HO RA C E N YE an ol der in the Presbyte ,

j u d ged by its size It was at le ast three inches .

ri an C h urch at P utn am M u skin gu m co unty ' wide h alf an inch thick an d somethi n gover a f oot
, ,
, ,
long At this time I sawa poor f ellow compelled
.

O hio in a letter d ated Dec 5 1 838 m akes the

, , .
, , to work in the field at s uch a ,

f ollowin g st atement
gallin g f e tter o n his ankles To prevent it from .

‘
M r W M A R M S TR ON G of this pl ace who is
. .
, , we arin g his ankles a s trin gwas tied to the centre , ,

f requently employed b y our citi z en s as c apt ain '

by which the victim su spended it when he w alked ,

an d s u perc argo o f descendin g bo ats whose word ,

with on e h and an d with the other c arried his b ur ,

m ay be relied on has j ust m ade to m e the f ollow . den Whenever he li fted the fetter rested on his
.
,

in g st atement f b are ankles I f he lost his b al ance an d m ade a m is

.

While layin g at Alex andri a on Re d River step which m u st very O fte n oc c ur in li f tin g an d
'

, , ,

L o uisi an a he saw a sl ave bro ught to a black ,

rollin g logs the tortu re of his fetter was severe
, .

sm ith s shop an d a collar of iron fastene d ro u nd

’
Th us he was doomed to work while we arin g the
his neck with two pieces rivette d to the side s
, ,
tort urin g iron d ay after day an d at ni ght he was, ,

m eeti n g some distance above his he ad At the . confine d in the ru n away s j ail Som e tim e af ter ’
.

top o f the arch th u s f orme d was att ache d a l ar ge , ,

this I saw the sa m e dej ecte d he art broken cre a
, ,
- .

c o wbell the m otion o f which while w alkin g the

-
, ,
t ure obli ged to w ait on the other h an ds who were ,

streets m ade i t necessary for the sl ave to hold his

, h u skin g corn The privile ge of sittin g with the
.

hand to one o f its sides to ste a dy it , . others was too m uch f or him to enj oy ; he was
I n N e w O rle ans he sawsever al with iron col m ade to b u b b l e f rom ho use to b arn an d b arn to
l ars wit h horns att ached to them The first he
, . hou se to c arry f ood an d drink for the rest He
, .

saw had three pron s proj ectin g f rom the coll ar

g p assed ro und the end of the ho use where I was
ten or twelve inches with the letter S on the end , sittin g with the agent : he s e eme d to t ake n o no .

o f e ach He says iron coll ars are qu ite frequent

. tic s o f me b ut fixed his eyes on his tormentor till
,

there . he p assed quite by us .

 P un ishmen ts— T orture s . 75

M r AL F RE D VVIL KrNS O N member of the B aptist these witnesses are not willin g to give their n ames
. , ‘
.

Ch u rch in S k c n N Y an ssessor e ate l e s, . . d an a On e c ase “1 p arti c u l ar he m enti oned Spe ak i ng .

wi th a c ertain c apt ain o f the st ate of the sl aves

of th at to w n testifies as f ollows ,

at the so u th the c ap t ain conte nded th at their

,

I st ay e d in N e wO rle ans three weeks d u r in g

,

p u nishments were o f ten very l en ien t ; an d as an ,

th at time there used to p ass by where I stayed a inst ance of their e xcellent clemency m entioned , ,
n u mber of sl aves e ach with an iron b an d aro un d ,
th at in one inst ance not wishin g to whip a Sl ave ,
,
his ankle a ch ain att ache d to it an d an ei ghteen
, ,
they sent him to a blacksm ith an d had an iron ,
po u nd b all at the end They were employe d in .

b an d f astened aro u nd him with three lon g pro ,

.

wheelin g dirt with a wheelb arrow ; they wo uld

j e c tion s re achin”g above his he ad ; an d this he
p ut the b all i nto the b arrow when they m ove d .

wore some tim e .

I recollec t o n e day th at I co u nte d nineteen of ,

them so m etimes there were not as m any ; they

,
E X TRA C TO F A L ETTER FR O M M R JON ATHA N F . .

were drive n b y a sl ave with a lon g lash as if they , , B A L D W IN of L orain c ou nty O hio M r B was
, , . . .

were b e asts These I le arned were r u naw ay

.
, , f ormerly a m erch ant in M assillon O hio an d an
slave s from the pl ant ations above N e w O rle ans , ,
.

elder in the Presbyteri an Ch urch there

There was also a ne gro wo m an th at u sed
.
“
,

d aily to com e to the m arket wit h milk ; she had D EAR B R O THER —I n conversation with J u d ge ,

an iron b and aro u nd her neck with three rods , Lym an of Litc hfi el d c o u nty Connectic u t l ast
, , ,

proj ectin g from it abo ut s ixteen inches lon g , , J u ne he stated to m e th at sever al ye ars S ince he
, ,

crooked at the en ds . was in Col u mbi a S outh C arolin a an d observin g , ,

a colore d m an lyi n
g on the floor of a bl acksmith s
’
For the f act which fol lows we are indebte d to
M r S A M UE L H A LL a te acher in M ariett a Colle ge shop as he was p a ssin g it his c uriosity le d hi m
, ,

in He le arne d the m an was a Sl ave an d r athe r

.
, ,

O hio l Ve q u ote his letter

.

u nm an a e able S ever al men were attemptin g to

.

g .

M r C URT I S a j o u rneym an c abinet m aker o f

.
,
-
,
det ach from his a nkle an iron which had been
Ivl arie tta rel ates the f ollowin g of which he was
, , bent aro u nd it
M r C urtis is every way worthy
.

an eye witness . .
The iron was a piece of a fl at b ar o f the or
of c redit .

d in ary S i z e f rom the f or ge h am mer an d bent ,

I n Septem b er 1 837 at M illi gan s Bend in ’ ’
aro u nd the ancle the ends m eeti n
g an d f ormin g
, , ,

the M issi ssippi river I saw a ne gro with an iron

, ,

,
a hoop O f abo u t the di am eter o f the l e Ther e
g .

b an d aro u n d hi s he ad locke d behind with a p ad ,

was o n e or more strin gs att ached to the iron an d
l ock I n the f ront where it p assed the mo u th e xtendin
g up arou nd his neck evidently so to
.
, ,

there was a projection i nw ard of an inch an d a

,

s u spend it as to prevent its

gallin g by its wei ght
h al f which entere d the mo uth
, .
when at work yet it had galle d or griped till the
The overseer told me he was so addicted to ,
,

l e g had swollen o u t beyond the iron an d infl am e d

r unnin g aw ay it did not do an y good to whip him an d sup urate d so th at the l e
g for a considerable
,
,
f or it He s aid he kept this gag c onst antly on
.
distance above an d bel ow the iron was a m ass ,
him an d intende d to do so as lon g as he W as on o f p u tre faction the m ost l o athsom e o f an
y wo un d
’

,
,
the pl an tation so th at if he ran aw ay he co ul d , , he had ever witnessed on an y livin g cre at u re .

not e at an d wo uld st arve to de ath The sl ave

, .
The sl ave l ay on his b ack on the floor with his ,
asked for drink in my presence an d the overseer
l e g on an anvil w hich sat also on the floor on e
m ade him lie down on his b ac k an d t u rned wa ,
m an had a chisel u sed for splittin g iron a n d an o
,

,
ter on his face two or three fee t hi gh in order to ,
ther str u ck i t with a Sled ge to drive i t between
torment him as he coul d n ot sw allo w a drop , .

the ends o f the hoop a n d sep ar ate it so th at it

,

The sl ave then a sked permission to go to the ri mi ght be t aken off M r L ym an sai d th at the .
‘

ver ; which b ein g gr ante d he thru st his f a ce an d - ,

m an sw u n g the sled ge over his sho ulders as i f
he ad entirely u nder the w ater th at bein g the only S pli ttin
g iron an d str u ck m any blows be fore he
,

way he cou ld dr ink with his gag on The gag .

,

s u cceeded i n p artin g the ends of the iron at al l

was taken off when he took his f ood an d then re ,
the b ar was so l ar ge an d st ubborn —at len gth
,

pl ace d af ter wards ” .

they spre ad it as f ar as they co u ld witho u t d riv . .

E X TRA C T O F A LETTE R FR O M M RS SO PH I A LI T . .
in g the chisel so low as to ru in the l e g The sl ave .
,

T L E o f N ewport Rhode Is l and d au ghter of Hon

, , , . a m an of twenty fi ve ye ars perh aps whose co u n -
, ,

Asher Robbins sen ator in Con gress for th at st ate .

ten an c e was the index o f a m ind ill ad apte d to
,

There was l ately fou nd i n the hold of a vessel ,

the de gr ad ations of sl avery never u ttered a word ,

en gaged in the so u thern trade by a perso n who ora

gro an in al l the process b ut the copio us flow o f ,

s we at f rom e very pore the dre ad f ul contr actions

,

was cle arin g it ou t an iron coll ar with three ,

an d distortions o f every m u scle in his body S ho w

, ,

h orns proj ec tin g from it I t seems that a yo u n g .

,
.

f em ale sl ave on whose slender neck was ri vet

ed cle arly the gre at amo u nt of his s u fferin gs ;
an d al l this while s u ch was the d ise ased st ate o f
,

ed this fien dish instr u ment of tortu re ran aw ay ,

the limb th at at every blo w the bloody corr upt

,

f rom her tyr ant an d be gged the c apt ain to brin g ,

, , ,

her off with him This the c aptain re f used to do ;

'

.
ed m atter gushe d out in al l directions s e ver al feet ,

b ut u nriveted the coll ar f ro m her neck an d threw ,

in s u ch pro f usion as liter ally to cover a l arge are a
it aw ay in the hol d of the vessel The coll ar is aro u nd the anvil A f ter v ariou s other f r u itless
.

attem pts to spre ad the iron they concl u de d i t w

.

as
now at the anti sl avery o ffi ce Providence To -
, .
,

the tr uth o f these facts M r W I LL I A M H R EE D a necess ary to we aken by filin g be fore it could be
got o ff which he le f t them attem p tin g to do
. .
,
-

gentlem an of the hi ghest mor al ch ar acter is re ady

, .
,

to vo u ch
M r W I LLI A M D R O W N well known citizen of
.

a
M r Reed i s in possession of m any facts o f
.
.
,

cr uelty witnessed b y persons of veracity ; b ut Rhode Isl and formerly , of Providence who has ,
7G P u n ishmen ts— T o r ture s
"

tra vele d in ne arly al l the si ave s tates th us testi , the sou th west the l argest drove had 350 sl aves
ties in a recent letter i n i t an d the sm allest upw ards o f 2 0 0 I cou nt
, .

I recollect seein g l arge gan gs of sl aves ge ,

ed 68 or 7 0 in a sin gle c ofil e The c ofll e c hain .
‘ ’

n e ral l y a consi der able n umber i n e ach gan g be ,

is a ch ain fastene d at on e end to the cen tre of
the b ar o f a p air of h and c uff s which are f asten
in g ch ai ned p assm g westw ard over the m o un , .

t ains f ro m M aryl and Virgini a & c to the O hio , . .

ed to the ri ght wrist of one an d the le f t wrist of i
,
,
another sl ave they standin g abre ast an d the
O n th at river I h ave f requ ently seen fl at bo ats , ,

loaded with them an d their keepers armed with ch ain between them These are the he ad of the .

,
c ofli e The other end is p assed thro ugh a rin g
pistols an d dirks to guard them .
.

At N e w O rle ans I recol le ct seein g gan gs o f i n the b olt o f the next h andc u ff s, an d the sl aves
sl aves th at were driven o ut every d ay the S ab
bein g m an acled th u s two an d two to gether w alk , ,
,

b ath not excepted to work on the streets These , .

u
p an d the c ofii e ch ain is p assed an d they go
, ,

up tow ards the he ad of the e ofii c O f co urse

had he avy ch ains to connect two o r m ore to
.

they are closer or wider ap art in the c otfi e ac

gathe r an d some had iron c ol l ars an d yokes & c
.
,
,
.
, .

The noise as they w alked or worked in their cordin g to the n u mber to be eo fil e d an d to the ,

ch ains was tr uly dre ad ful .

len gth of the ch ain I have seen HU N DRED S of .

drov e s an d c hain c ofil e s of this desc rip tion an d

,
-

Rev T H O M A S S AVAGE p astor of the Con gre ga

. ,
every c ofii e was a scene of misery an d wo of
'
,

tion al Ch urch at Bed f ord N e w H ampshire who

,
, , te ars an d brokenness of he art ” .

was for some ye ars a resident of M ississippi an d M r S A M UE L H A LL a te acher i n M arie tt a C ol

.
,
Lo u isi an a gives the f ollowin gfact in a letter d at
, ,
le ge O hio gives i n a l ate letter the followin g
, , , ,
e d J an uary 9 1 839 , .
s tatem ent of a f ellow st u dent f rom Kent u cky O f
, ,
In 1 81 9 while employe d as an instru c tor at
,
whom he s ays he is a pro fessor of reli gion an d “

S econd Creek ne ar N atc he z M ississip p iJ resided

, ,
, ,

o n a pl ant a tion where I wi tnesse d the f ollowin

worthy of entire confidence ” .

g
circ umst ance O n e of the slaves was in the h abit
.
I have seen at le ast fif teen droves of h um an
o f r u nnin
g aw ay He had been repe atedly t aken
.
,
c attle p assin g by u s on their way to the sou th ;
,
’

an d I do not recollect an exception where there

an d repe atedly whipped with
gre at severity b ut , ,
,

to no p u rpose He wo uld still seize the first op

.
w e re not more or l ess O f them c hain ed together ” .

p ortun ity to esc ape f rom the pl ant ation At l ast .

M r G E O RGE P
. C H U S S EY of F ayetteville . .
, ,
his owner decl ared I l l fix him I ll p ut a stop to ,
’
,
’

his r unnin g aw ay He a ccordin gly took him to a Fr anklin co unty Pennsylvani a writes th u s , ,

I was born an d r aise d in H agerstown W ash

.

blacksmith an d had an iron headf ram e m ade for

,
,

him which m ay be c alled lock j aw f rom the u se -

in gton co u nty M aryl and where sl avery is per, ,
, ,

th at was m ade of it It had a lock an d key an d .

was so constr u cted th at when on the he ad an d
locked the slave co ul d not Open his mou th to
,
,
h ap s mil der th an in an y other p ar t of the sl ave
,
st ates ; an d ye t I h ave seen hu n dreds o f colore d
men an d women ch ained to gether two by two , ,

t ake f ood an d the desi gn was to prevent his ru n

,
an d driven to the so u th I h ave seen sl aves tied up
”
.

nin g aw ay B ut the device proved u n av ail in g He

. .
an d l ashed till the blood ran down to their heels .

was soon missin g an d wheth e r b y his own despe , M r G I DD I N G S member of Con gress f rom O hio,
.
,
rate e ff ort or the aid of others contrive d to sue .

his S peech in the Ho u se of Represent atives

in
, ,

t ain himsel f with food b u t he was at l ast taken ,

,

an d if my mem ory serves me his li f e was soon ,

Feb 1 3 1 83 9 m ade the f ollowin g statement
, ,

termin ated by the cr u el tre atment to whi ch he O n the be au ti f ul av en u e in f ront o f the C api
was s ubjected ”
.
tol members o f Con gress d urin g this session
, , ,

The Wester n L umin ary a reli giou s p aper p ub .

h ave been com pelled to t urn aside f rom their
,
p ath to perm it a c ofii e o f sl aves m ales an d fe
l ishe d at L exin gton Kent u cky in an editori al
, ,

, , m ales c hain ed to eac hother by their n ec k s to p ass

, ,

article in the s um mer of 1 8 33 s ays on the ir w

”
, , ay to this n ation a l sl ave m ark e t .

A fe w weeks since we gave an acco u nt o f a

Testimony of J A M E S K P A U L DING E sq the pre
comp any of men women an d children p art of
. .
,
, ,

whom were m an acl ed p ass in gthro u gh o ur streets , .

sent S ecret ary O f the United St ates N avy ’
.

L ast week a n umber of sl av es were driven throu gh

,
I n 1 81 7 M r Pauldin g p ublishe d a work e n
,
.
,

the m ain street of ou r city amon g whom were a , title d L etters from the S o u th written d urin g
‘
,

n u mber m an ac l e d to gether two abr east al l con , , an exc u rsion in the s umm er of In the
n e c tc d by an d s u pportin g a heavy iron c hain
, ,
first vol u m e o f th at work p age 1 2 8 M r P gives .

which exte n ded the whole len gth of the line ”

.
, ,
.

the f ollowin g description

TE ST IMON Y o r A V I RG IN I A N
The sun was shinin g out very hot— an d in
.

T he n am e O f this witness c annot be p ublished ,

t urnin g the an gle of the ro ad we enco untered the ,

as it wo u ld p ut him in peril b ut his c re d ib il ity f ollowin g gro u p : first a little c art dr awn by on e ,

i s vo u c hed for by the Re v E Z RA FI S HE R p astor .

, horse i n which five or six h al f n aked bl ack child
,

o f the B aptist Ch u rch Q u incy Illin ois an d Dr , , , .

ren were t um bled like pi gs to gether The c art .

R I C HARD E EL S of the same pl ace These ge n .

had no coverin g an d they seem ed to have been ,
,
broiled to sleep Beh ind the c art m arche d three
tl e m e n say o f him W e h ave gre a t confid e nce
.

,
bl ack wome n with he ad n e c k an d bre as ts u n
, ,
in his inte grity discretion an d strict Christi an
, , covered an d withou t shoes or stockin gs : n ext
,

principle ” He s ays
. c am e three men b are he aded an d c hain ed to , ,

Abou t five ye ars a go I remember to h ave e the r w i th an on c ha in L as t of al l c ame a

, g .
,

p assed in a sin gl e d ay four droves of sl aves for

, ,
white m an on horse b ac k , c arryin g his pistols in
 P u n is hmen ts— B ran din gs .

his b elt who as we p assed him had the im

, an d ,
'

, of d ay ,
they dis gr ace themselves an d the c ou n ,

p u de n c e to l ook u s in the face wi tho u t bl ushin g

”if
. try to which they b l on g e .

At a ho u se where we stopped a little f u rther on ,

T he f ac t that Mr P auldin g in the re p ri n t of these
we le arne d th at he had bo ught these miserable
.
,

L etters ” in 1 835 s tru c k u t this p ass ag e with al l others o

b ein gs in M a ryl and an d was m archin g them i n
, ,

, disp aragin g to sl ave ry an d its sup p orters d oes n t im p air , o

this m anner to on e of the m ore so u thern states .
the force of his testim on y howeve r m uc h it m ay sin k the ,
Sh ame on the St ate o f M aryl an d ! an d I say , m an N or w ill the n ext gen erati on regard with an y m ore
.

sh ame on the State of Vir gini a an d every s tate reveren ce his c harac ter as ap rop het b ec ause in the edition
, ,

thro ugh whic h this wretched c av alc ade was per of 1835 tw o y e ars af ter the A m eric an A n ti S l avery S oc iety
,
-

m itte d to p ass ! I do say th at when they ( the sl ave , was form ed an d when its auxil iaries were n umb ered b y
,

holders ) p e rmi t suc h fl agrant an d indecent o u t hun dre ds he in ser ted a p redic tion that su c h m ove m en ts
, ,

rages u pon h um anity as th at I h ave described ; woul d b e m ade at the N orth with m ost di sastro us resul ts , .

when they s anction a vill ai n i n thu s m arching W ot y e n ot that su c h a m an as I c an c ertain ly divin e

h al f n aked women an d m en lo aded with ch ains M r P auldin g has already b een taught b y J udge Jay that
.
-
,

he who asp ires to the f am e of an or ac l e w ithou t its i n

, ,

witho ut bein g ch arge d with an y crime b u t th at ,

of bein sp iration m ust resort to other exp edien ts to p reven t

g b l ac k from one sec tion of the Unite d ,
,

detec tion than the c lum sy on e of an tedatin g his resp on ses;

'

S tates to another h undre ds of m iles in the face ,

,

I II . BRA N DI N GS , M AI M I N GS , G UN -
SH O T W O U N DS , Are .

The sl aves are o ften b r an de d with hot irons ,

cou rse as th at p ursu e d u nder previo us ones —first ,

p u rsu e d with fire arms an d shot h u nted with , g ive the testimony of the sl aveholders themselves ,

dogs an d torn b y them shockin gly m aim ed with ,

to the m utilations b y copyin g their own ,

k nives dirks & e h ave their e ars c u t off , their r aphic descrip tions of them in ad vertisements
, , .
g ,

eyes k nocke d out the ir bones disloc ate d an d ,

p ublished u nder their own n ames an d in news ,

broken with bl ud geons their fin gers an d toes c ut , p apers p ublishe d in the sl ave st ates an d general , ,

off their f aces an d other p arts o f their persons

,
l y in their o wn im medi ate vicinity
,
We sh all .
,

disfigured with sc ars an d gashes b esides those , as hereto f ore insert only so m u ch o f e ach adve r
,

m ade with the lash . tise m e n t as will be nec ess ary to m ake the point
We sh all adopt under thi s he ad the s am e , ,
inte l li gible .

TN E SS E S
WI . TE ST I M ONY .

Mr Mic a ah j R ick s Nash C ou n ty Ran way ne gro wom an and two children a fe wd ays b e
in the R al ei gh S tan d
.
, , a a
N o rth C a o r l in a ,

with a hot iron , on the le ft side of

ard ,
”
J ul y
,
f oreshe went off I b urn t her
her face , I trie d to m ak e the l etterM ”
,

Mr Asa B Metc al f , in gston , A dam s

. . K Ran a way M ary a b l ack wom an has a sc ar on her b ac k an d
C o M i in the “
atc he z C our r,
i e
”
N , ,
”
J ri ght arm ne ar the sho ulder c au se d by a r ifl b al l
. .

,
e .

un e 1 5 , 1 6 32 .

Mr . W ill i am O verstreet, en ton , B Ran ane gro m an n am ed Henry his l ef t ey e ou t; some

way a
Y z Co Mi in the “ L exm gton
,

Ka oo .

J sc ars f ro m a d irk on an d u nder his l e f t arm , an d m u c hsc arre d

.

O b server,
”
( en tuc k y ) ul y 22, 1 838
”
.

wit h the whip .

r R P Ca rn ey C lark G o Al a , On h undred d oll ars rew ar d for a ne gro fello wPompey , 40

e
R gi
. .
. . .
,

in the Mob il e e ste , r Dec . 22 , 1 832 .

ye ars ol d he is bran ded on the l ef t j aw

,
.

Mr J G uy ler v
S a an n ah eo gia G r in Kan aw ay Lam an an ol d ne gro m an grey, has on l y on e
Rp
.
. .
, , ,
the “
e ub lic an ,
”
r
A p il 1 2 , 1 837 .

J A Br w
. . o n , j ail r o , C harleston , S out h Comm itted to j ail s u e gro m an ,
has n o toes on his le f t
C arol in a, in the “
M erc ury ,” J an 1 2 , .
f oot .
”
1 837 .

Mr .
,J S criven er
g B ay , An n e H errin at
Ran away
ne gro m an El ij ah has
”
,
a sc ar on his le f t cheek ,

A run de l C o M ary l an d , in the A n n a app arently occ asi oned by a sh to

R
.
.

p ol is e p u b l ic a n , A p ri l 1 8 ,
1 837 .

Mad am e B urv an t, c orn e r of C hartres Ran away a ne gro wom an n amed Rac hel has l ost al l her toes
N ewO rl ean s In
,
an d T o u l ouse stre e ts, , except the l arge on e .
"
the “ B e e , De c 2 1 , 1 838
”
. .

Mr O W L ain s, in the
“
H el en a, Kanaw ay S am he wasshot a short tim e since , t hro ugh the
) J J
. . .
,
”
( Ark . ou n al ,r un e h and ,
an d has several shots in his l ef t arm an d si de .

Mr R
W S iz er, in the “ Gran d G ulf Ran a way my ne gro
Dennis s aid ne gro has been shot m an
J
. . . , ,

[ ML] Advertiser, ul y 8, 1 837

” .
rm the l e f t arm b etween the sho u l ders an d elbow which has ,
”
lp aralyzed the le f t h and .

Mr .Edm u n ds, in Ni the

c ho as l Kan aw ay my n e gro m an n amed S i m on , he has b ee n shot
Pe ersb urgh ( Va ) In
t t ll i ce r
”
M ay b ac k ”
e gn , .

badl y in his an d ri gh t arm .

$2, 1 838 .
 B ran din gs
'

un ishmen ts
é
78 P .

Mr . J
i shop , i shop vil l S um p ter
. B B e, Ran away a n e gro n amed Arth ur has a consider ab l e sc ar
,

l C am m ade by a kni fe loves to t alk

D h C i in the
across hi s b re ast an d eac h arm ,
‘

t i t S u t a ro n a

]J
i s r c ,
o ,

de C l
”
M c h 4 1 837 ”
S [ urn a a r
m u ch o f the goodness f G d
.
n o ,
. .
, o o . .

Mr S N yl L ittle O ge ec hee, G eor Ran a way George he has a s word cu t l ately received on his
ia, in
. .

the
e
“
e,
Sa v an n ah R ep u b l ic a ,
n
”
le ft arm .
”
,

ul y 3 , 1 83 7 .

Twenty five doll ars rew ard for my m an Is aac he has a sc ar ,

M rs S arah W al sh, M ob il e, A l a i n on 11 1 8 f orehe ad c au sed by a bl ow an d o n e o n his b ack m a de by a

,

J
.

Marc h ”
.
"
the
“
G eorgia ourn a l , shot f r m o a pi st ol ,

Ran a way
ne gro girl c alled M ary has a sm all
a ,
S c ar over
Mr . J . P
A shtord, .
'

r
Ad am s
”
C o Mi in
A ugust 24 , 1 838
. ,
. her eye a good m an y teeth missin g, the letter A is
,
. b ran d e d on

the N atc he C ourie z ,

.

her chee k an d f or ehead ” .

Ran a way ne gro Ben

sc ar on his ri gh t h and his th u mb ,
has a ,

of the b on e
M r El y T own sen d, P ik”e ore fin be n n red bein h l st f ll p rt
'

C o A l a , in an d f b s ot a a a a
ge r i g j
I u y g
.
.
,

P en sacola G azette ”
.

S ep 1 6 , 1 837 d
c am e ou t he has also on e o r two l arge sc ars on his b ack hips
the
“
,
. .
an .

, m the right 3 1 de
'

G C o m m itte d a n e gro m an is vc ry b adl 3/ sh0

B M urp hy , j ailer, I rvin gton a
S
J
.
,
r ”
M ay
. .

l
In the
“
Milledgevil l e o u n a , an d right h and ” .

M r A L umin ais, P arish of St. ohn , J Det ained at the j ail a m u l atto n am ed Tom has a sc ar on
the r i ght cheek an d appe ars to h ave b een b u rn e d with p owder
, ,

in the N ew
”
“
. .

B ,
Louisi an O l ean r s
e e
a,
Marc h 3 , 1 838 .

o n the f ace ”
.

fi
J son P ul aski C o” R n away a
a
ne gro m an n a m ed N e d th re e of his n ge r s a re

Mil l edgevil le J ourn al

Mr Is aac ohn . ,

drawn I nto the p alm of his h and by a c a t has a scar on the b ac k

. ,

G eorgia in the ,

J , ,
”
un e 1 9 , 1 838 .
of his n e c k ne arly h al f ro u nd , done by a k n ife .

M r T hom as udn all , M adison C O” H w

Ra a y
n a a ne g
ro n amed H ambleton l imp s on his le f t f oo t
R ,
.

ister , where he was shot a f e wweeks ago , whi le run aw ay

.

M l i
.n the
“
V ic k sb ur g eg .

S e p tem b er 5 , 1 838 .

Ran away a ne ro b oy n ame d M ose he has a wou n d in the

g ,

MrfJohn M cMurrai n , C” olumb us, G a . r i gh t shou lder n e ar the b ack b on e , which was occ asioned by a
“
S outhern S un A ugust 7,
h ”
in the , rifle s ot .

1 83 8
woun d in
.

resh his
Mr M oses O rm e, A n n ap olis, M ary” Ran away my ne gro m an B ill , he has a f
l an d , in t he
.

“
An n ap o lis R e p ub l ic an ,
head above his e ar
”

J un e 20 , 1 837 .
.

W ill iam S ic k an d , ai o , tr l J l r K rS e sha w C ommitte d to j ail a ne gro s ays his n ame is C uff ee , he
”
,
is

r
Dist ic t, S C in the C am den [ C ] b h t
‘

s o
lam e in on e knee occ asio n e d y a
J
. .
.
. .
,
C ou i ,
e
”
r r
l
u y 8, 1 837 .

ff of his le f t
Ran away Josh his th u mb is o h and .

T he E d itor o f the G r an d G ul f A dver u a,

iser,
r
”
Dec 7 , 1 838
n e betwe e h
.

is
.

over his l f t eye n

Ran away Willi am sc ar
e o
B “
Gr d ,
M r W illiam ate m an , in the an
his ri ht l h been b rok e n ”
,

eye brows ; on e on his bre ast an d g e

g a s
.

D
.
”
G ul f A dvertiser e c . 7 , 1 838. ,
,

b rok en , ri gh t l eg
B G Sim m on s, i n the Southern Ra n a way M ark his le f t ,
arm has been
Mr . . .

”
Argus,
”
M ay al so .

ol d has an a ga it oc e a
Mr am es A rtop , in the
.
J “
M ac n o Ran a w C a leb 5 0
ay ,
ye ars
by h is bein g shot in the thi gh
” , ,
awkw rd
G a ]Messen ger, May 25 , 1 837 sion e d
.
.
.

com mitte d to j il a ne gr o m an says

W as a ,

sc rred by the whip

J . L .
Jl o le y , Sheriff O f C l in ton
G e ”
,
J
0 0
ly
.
Josi ah his b ack
,
very m u ch a

hip s, in thre e
,

i m, thigh an d
“
C l in ton az tte , u
. in the on the
23 , 1 836 h h b b i t or c u t 0
.
the rim f
o i
hs g
ri t c ar as een

f ellow E dw ard , he has a sc ar

T hom as L edw ith,
Mr J ac k son vi ll e Fi fty doll ars rew ard for my ,
d u nder his arm , an d
F [S C ] the corner of his mo u th , two c u ts on an
.

B as t l ori d a , in the
“
C harl eston . .

on
”
C ourier , S ep t 1 , 1 838 . .

the l e tter E on his arm .

of
J way ne gro b oy Ellie , has a scar on on e his arm s
Mr ose p h am e , S en , JP s . Pleasan t
M il
Ran a ,

Ri the b ite of a dog

.

C G in the r
f om
l d i o a
dge , au n g" , . . .

7 1 837
l od ge i l e U n ion , N ov ,
vl .
.

s a sc ar onthe ankle prod uc ed

Mr . W . R il ey , O ran eb urg Distric
O l u m b ia [ S C j by m ark his arm resemblin g the letter S ”
.

S ou th C arol in a, in the
“ ‘ '

a b urn ,
an d a on

e l
T e sc op ,e
”
ov 1 1 , 1 837 N .
.

Al l en he ha s a sc ar on his
n me d
Ran away , a ne gro m an a
w
,
W r C o Mi b k s hot in
” J l h
S am u e
Mr l M ason ar en ,
.
,
f an d as t o u c

in the
“
V ic k sb u g
.

r R ,
egi s ter uy
,
18 , bre ast also a scar un
,
der the le t eye ,
”
1 838 .
his right arm .
 P un ishmen ts — B ran din g, Maim in g, Sc ars .

Mr W illi am D B uc k el N atc hez ,

T aken up a ne gro m an — is very
J
s,
m uc h sc arr ed abo ut the face
. .

the “
N atc he z C ou ie r r "
u ly 28 ,
,

an d body an d has the le f t e ar b it 0

,

M r W al ter . R En gli sh, Mon roe cou n

Ran a way my sl ave Le wi s —l i e
, has lost a p iec e of on e ear ,

f
.

ty , A l a in . the “ M o b ile C hron i c l e ,

” an d a p art o on e o f his fi n gers , a p art of on e of his toe s is also
S e p 2, 1 837 t . .
lost .
”

Mr S aun de rs,
. J am es
an y S p rin g, Gr Ran w ay a bl ack girl n amed M ary has a sc ar on her chee k
H awk in s c ou n ty , T e rm in the Kn o x a ,
-

J
.

R
.

vi ell egiste ,
”
u n e 6 , 1 838 r .
an d the end of on e o f her toes c u t of " .

Mr J o hn J en k in s, S t J ose p h s,
’
F lori
—
aw
. .

da, c ap tain o f the ste am b oat E l en l Ran ay the ne ro b o

g y C e s ar he has b u t on e e y e
"

G azette ” J un e
, , .

A p al ac hico la , 7 , 1 8 38 .

Mr P ter H anso
e L afay ette c ity , L a , n ,
N w O rl an s way the ne gress M arth a—she has l ost her right ey e ”
. .

B ee , July 28 ,
”
Ran
5338
“
the e e a , .

M r O rren E llis, Ge orgevil le M i in n away , George —has had the lower p art of on e of
fi
a his
.
,
c ars
N
.

the “
orth Al ab am an i ”
Sep t 1 5 , 1 837
,
b it
.

Mr Z adoc k
S a y e , C u hb e t, Ran w r t r
Ran way m y ne gro Tom— has a piece
.

l
do p h c o un ty , eo gia, in the M ill e dge G r a , b it of the top of his
ri ght e ar,
” ”
vil l e U n ion , O c t 9 , 1 838 . . an d his little fin ger is s ifl
t .

my m ul atto wom an J udy —she

Mr A b raham G r ay M oun t M e rin o ,
Ran away , has had her r ight
.
,
P ik e c ou nty , G a in . the M il l edgevil l e
U n ion ,
”
O c t 9, 1 838 . .
ar m b rok e ” .

S T uste nB j ail er A dam s c ou n ty ,

W as comm itted to j ail , n am e d Bill— has had
J ne gro m an
. .
, ,
M i in the “
. N atc he z C ourier, ” un e
a
1 5 , 1 8 38 .
the thum b o f his l ef t han d sp l it ” .

Mr A n tritn ,
. J in e veh, W ar
oshua N Ran a way m an a m ul atto n amed Joe — his fin gers o n the le f t
re n c o un ty , V rgin i a, in the l Vin c hes i ,

ter V irgi n ian , ” u y 1 1 , 1 837 J l .

h and are p artl y a mp u ta te d ”
.

J B R
dal , ail o , M ar e ta, C ob b
an l j r i t L od ge d in j ail a ne gro m an n ame d Jupiter— is very l am e in
R
. .

c ou n ty , G a , in the “ S outhe n eco d r ‘

r ,

his l ef t hip so th a t he c an h ardly w alk— has lost a j oi nt of the

~
.

e r, " N
ov 6 , 1 838 . . ,

m iddle fin ger of his le f t h and ” .

Mr . J ohn N . Dil l ahun ty , W oodvil l ea Kan aw ay , B ill— has a sc ar over on e e e , also on e o n his l e g
M i , in 0 the
“
N C om m erc ial B ulle f rom the b ite o a do — has a b urn on his a ttoc k f rom a i c e of
,

J f g p
e
. . .

tin , ” uly 21 , 1 837

,
”
hot iron in sha f T
.

o a
pe
W ill i am K Ratc l ifie ,
'

she riff , F ra k n

ne gro n ame d M ike — his l ef t ear of

.

,in c ou n ty , M 1 in the “ . N atche z Free Com mitted to j ail , a .

”
r r
T ad e , ” A ugust 2 3 , 1 838 .

Mr . B am wel l , S outh
Pr eston H ll a ey ,
Kan aw ay m y ne gro m an Levi— his le f t h an d has b een burn t,
rl
C a o in a, in the “ A ugusta [ G a ] Ob ro
J
,
”
n ic l e,
"
u y 2 7 , 1 8 38 l . an d I think the end of his f ore fin ger is o f .

Mr W elc om e H R ob b in s, St C har es l Kan aw ay ne gro n amed W ashin gton— has l ost a p art o
f his
R
. . .

a
cou n ty Me in the S t L ouis “
e p ub i l ,

J m id dl e fin ger an d the e n d of his l ittl e fi n ger ”

. . .

c an ” un e 3 0 , 1 838 .
, .

G G ourdo 8: C o d ruggists, c orne of n r

R
. .

osp ital st ee ts, N e wO r H r

am p art an d
l e an s, in the C omm e c ial ul l etin , ” r B Kan away , a ne gro n ame d D avid Drier— has two toes c u t ” .

S e p t 1 3 , 18 38
. .

Mr W illi am B rown in the “

Gran d Ran away , E dm u nd— has a sc ar on his ri ght temple ,
an d
,
”
.

G ul f Ad vertiser ” A ugust 29 , 1 838 u nder his ri ht e e an d hol es in b oth ears

,
.
g y , .

Mr J am e s M c Don n el l T
. l
a b ot coun ty ,
Run away a ne gro boy twel ve or thirteen ye ars ol d — has a
G eorgia q ui rer ”
,

, in the “
C ol um b us En ,
,
"
Jan . 1 8 , 1 83 8 .
sc ar on his le f t c he c k f rom the b ite of a dog .

Mr J ohn W C he rry , M are n go c ou n Fi fty doll ars reward f or my ne gro m an John—hc has
J a con
. .

ty , A l a in the Mob il e Re gi ster, ” une ”

,

h
side rab l e se at on his t ro done with a k f
. ‘
a t n i e
,
.

M r I hos
' ‘
B row Roan e T in
Twenty fi ve doll ar s reward -
,
for my m an John— the tip of his
K
n co en n

xv il le R i
. .
,

nose is bit of ”
. .

”
the no e gste r, S e p t 1 2 , 1 8 38
. .
.

Messrs T ay lor L awton

.
, Co , .
R un aw ay a ne gro fe l l bw c alle d Hover— has a c u t ab ove the
C harleston S o uth ,
C aro in a, l in the
”
,

Me rc ury , ” N o v . 1 8 38 . ri ght eye .

Mr Lou is S c hm idt, T
.

L n in the N e wO r e a ns
au b ou rg,
l “
B ee ,
Si
" Kan aw ay the ne gro m an H ardy— has a sc ar on
,
the upper
v aud ais, "
k
lip , an d an other m ade with a n if o hi neck
.

e n s
S ep t 5 , 1 837
.
. .

W itehe ad N”atc he z in the

M W h
way Henry— has hal f of one b it f
"
N ew O rl ean s B u lle tin
.

J uly 21 1 837
.
,

,
,

, .
Ran a ,
e ar o .

M r C on rad S al vo C harleston S outh , ,

way my ne gro m an J ae ob —he has b ut on e ey e ”
.

C arol in a in the Me rc ury A ugust 1 0,

“
, , Ran a ,
.

um .
 P umshmen ts — B ran din g, Maim in g, S e ars .
81

‘Vil l iam B ak S he b y coun ty ,

e r, j ailer l ”
Committed to j ail Ben— his l ef t thum b of the fir t j oint
,
Al a in the
“
M on tgom e ry ( A l a ) A d at s .
, ,
.

v e rt ise r, O c t 5 , 1 83 8 . .

Twe n ty fi v e d oll ars rew ard for the —

ne gro sl ve S lly w al ks
a a
NH ite , C am p 5 m m, N ewO r
-

”
l oan s, in B ee , ” F e b as tho u gh c rip p l e d in the b ack
“
the .
.

—
i ,Mill ig
l 1l
bii d y ffil ilig
h l has a l i ttl e fi n ger of
iy 311
e l n l l
n w y
Ka a a a g m ne ro n med D ck
h
.
1 0 5 i
an a
hu g t
‘
co n ,
z 1 10
H vill D m un ts S 8 1 3 e e oc rat ep t .
,
3
8 8 .
the ri ght h and
”
.

i P atrick— has his little fin ger

il hfif 23234 {3i ; g
g
t rl
wy the n egro of the ri ght
3

gfg Ran a a
’
L t e , ,
”
1 838 . h and c u t c l ose to the han d .

'0

Mr N ee d ham Wh
'

l Joe Denn i s— has a sm all ”

way n otc h in on e of his e ars
.

Mi m me u
Ran a .

J ,
.

re r, un e 1 5 , 1 8 38 .

g"

C ol M . J S he ith, C ha l eston , S ou th
. r
way Dick has l ost the l ittl e toe of on e of his f eet ”
G am ma , in t he u Me c u y , ” N ov 97 , r r .
Ran a ,
- .

1 83 7 .

Mr L an c e tte , R H ay wood N orth E sc ap e d , my ne gro m an E ato n— his l ittl e fi n ge r o f the ri gh t

R R gi
. .
,
C arol in a. in the “ a eigh l e ste r h and has been b rok e .

A p 2 11 30 , 1 838 .

Mr G C Ri h rd c a son , O
wen S t"ation , Ran away , my ne gro m an n a me d Top — has had on e of his l egs
R
. . .

M e , in the S t L ouis e p ub ic an , May l k ”

. .
b ro en .

5 , 1 838 .

M r B Han , L a G ran ge, F ay ette c ou n Ran way n egro b oy Jack has sm all f hi s l ef t
.

m e G aumm Un i , un e
“
on
”
.

w J a , a c ro
p ou t o

9 3, 1 837 .

W as com m itte d to j ail , a ne gro m an — has t-wo sc ars on his

D Hem w arden of B l a tim o e c ty r i
ja
a
n ’
his l ef t f
.

3 Mar lan der ” O c t 6 1 837

il , in me y , , . . f orehe ad , an d the top o f e ar c u t o .

M r am es M ark s’ J r N atc hit”oc hes n ea

ne gro m an n amed Wi nter— has a n otc h c ut out of
me N atc hitoc hcs H eral d J il l) S tolen
:
a
.

“ ,
La in ,
”
an d the m ark o f f our or fi ve b uc k shot on his le s
.

21 , 1 83 3 ,
the le f t e ar , g .

M “ l am i s B a”, A mf fi a C ourt House, Han aw ay, ne gro a m an — sc ar b ac k f

o his l ef t ey e, as if f rom
V irgi n i a, i l l the
.
“
l\ orl ol k
.

H al d
er ,
”
the c ut 0 f
'

a k n l fe
'

S ep t 1 2, 1 838
.
. .

way ne gro m an B uck— has a very p l ain m ar/c u nder

Ran a ,
Mf Isa M h 11 W
his e ar on his j aw abo ut the size of a doll ar h avin g been in flic ted
‘ ' '
l
k
iblg
fi “if 5A gdtggli fg
‘ ls ‘l
mm gia l
'

, ,
, u s n
”
by a kn if e .

Mr P l
Det ai ned at the j ai l the ne gro boy Hermon— has a sc ar b elow
B aghi’ c a tain of the p ) ice
W a hin gt n , third m l n icl : g l
. .

S ub u rb ,

p al ity, N e w O r e an , i n t he
“
B e e ,
"
l s le
his f t e ar f rom the w o un d of
, a k n f
i e
”
.

O c t 1 3 , 1 8 37
. .

“
Ran ne gro m an b y the n am e of John— he has a
a way , a
" W il l i e
M‘ P aterson C l im‘m ' Jone“
,
sc ar across his cheek an d on e o n his ri ght arm app arently done
c o u n ty , G a in the Darien T elegrap h,” ”
, ,

with a k n ife
.

Dec 5 , 1 837
. .
.

Ran a way Ish am— has a scar upon

, the bre ast an d u pon the

Kan aw ay , a ne gro m an — has a sc ar on his hip an d on his

J u ly 5 , 1 8 38 .
bre ast , an d two f ron t teeth ou t
”
.

C W W ilk in s, sheriff B al dW i" C O , Comm itted to j ail a ne gro m an he is pp l ed in

cri the
”
A l a in the
“
M o b il e A dve rtise r S ep t
ght l e g
.
,
“
.

'

Mr . J
am e s H . T ay or, l
“
C harleston
”
C our ie r, A u
Ab sconded , a colored boy n am ed Peter , , l ame in the ri ght
S outh C aro l in a, in the
gust 7 , 1 837 .

N M 0 , C
ol um b u S , j ailer Brought to j ail ,
a ne gro m an , his le f t an k le has been b rok e ” .

G e o rgia, in the C ol u m b us ( G a ) E h .

”
q u i re r, A u gust 2 , 1 838 .

Ri m H i C O~ Kan aw ay n e gro m an n ame d Jerry has a sm al l piece cut

Mr Littl ej ohn
g
es, n ?» , a ,

M i in . the
“
N atc he z C ou r r ie ,
"
nguet,
ou t 0 f the top 0 f eac h ear.
”

T he H eirs of J A
AJ
lston , a
a
g
r
ww"
. .

( 3am i’ m’ has l 0 st on e fi n ger has

'

m
G eor‘ l sou th e
A b sconded a ne gro n am ed C ufi e e
un e 17 ”
an e n l arge d l eg.

A S B allin ger S he iff » r J ohn ston Comm itted to j ail , a ne gro m an has a very sore l eg.
N ,
R
.

o rth C aroli n a, in the a eigh l S tan d

”
ard , O ct .

M r T hom as C rutc hfiel d, A”tk in s, T en Ran away my m ul atto boy C y has b ut han d , all the
"

on e

J
, ,

w ”
.

1 7’
'

T en n essee ourn al , fin gers of his ri ght hand were b urn t ofi hen

'

in th8 y oun g .

1 e38
 P un ishmen ts— B ran din g, Maim in g S c ars , .

JmAmB i wm j ro n ' a il er O ran gehu S outh ‘

vl s im tte d to
gm y l ne gro n am ed B ob , ppe ars to b e
. .

co

d tp i ja
i a
C hh
a
Gul y rl eston M
n ” ,
a a, n e c '

o
,
crt
p p l e in l0 r i ght l eg .

S B T j
l r A dam s C M iss
ai e

Y
u rto n
. .
, o.
V as comm i tted to j ai l a ne gro m an has his l ef t thzgh
N atc he z do m e ” S ep t 98
.

in the u , ,
,
bre k e
.

1 828 .
.

“
Mr J o hn H Kin H igh stre t
e Ra an ray , my ne gro m an he has the d f of hi s
p
. .

G o rge t w
e o n , in the m om , I me mf
fi a gers
, en o on e

gen ce r ,
"
A ugust 1 , 1 837 .
lce7h ”

m
M " 3 0 h" B
the
u
Rg
’

r
F0 " V iC k
Mat c h 29 l
u'g'
1 837
M im Ran a way , yellowish n e gro
a b oy n ame d T om , has a n otch
e i ste
m the b ack of ”
on e o f hi s e ars
,
.

Messrs Fe rn az an d W hitin g auc”

n de Will be a old M arth a ed n i neteen has on e ou t.
Bee ag
.

N e w O rle an s in the , ,
tio n e e rs, , ,

A p ril 8 1 837 . .

M r M arshall J tte , Farrowsv il l e , F au

‘

Kan aw ay ne gro m an Ep hr aim , has a m ark over one of his

N
.

qu ie r Co . V i rgin ia in the “ ati on al

occ asi one d bv a bl ow ’
In tell igen c e r,
”
M ay .

S . B . T u ton r ’ j ailer Ad”am s Co . M i ss .

W as committed a n ogto c allS h i m sel f JaC O b y has b een
N
.

in the “
atc hes C o urier , O ct .

c rip p l e d in his ri ght l e g ” , .

J ohn F r
o d , she if of Mob i e C oun t! r l r
Com m itted to
’

J3 11 gt o m an
ia the “ M ississip p ian ,
”
ac k son M il J f ore he ad
”
a n e C ary a , l arge 8 0 0 4” on hi s
Dec 28 , 1 8 38
. .

ld l g fgi 2
t vv l run aw ay
ghy i 35
aq
i m an
a
g
( rl
5
3

h
5 a
,
a ro Jack he has several
[ l ij l
,
( li t n s
? r 8
8 0 ar 1
ter,
"
M arc h 28 , 1 8 38 .

Mr ohn P . J
ol com b e , in the C harl es . H Absente d him sel f his ne gro m an , B a
v n has sc ars on hi s
“ m Mercu ry , A p r“ 1 7 , 1 828 ”
thro at occ a s i one d by the c u t of a k n if e
‘

, .

Mr W ill i s P atte rson , in the “ C harl es

.
Ran way a ne gro m an John a sc ar across his ch eek
a , , ,
an d
h m M erc u ry , De c em b r
his r ight arm app arently done with a k n i e ”
a
e
o n e on
f , .

“ ’ m M agee , she riff M ob ile C o in the C o m m itte i t0

R Jal l ’ r un aw ay sl ave A lex ander
his le f t c he e k b
a
.

3
.

86 0, on
M ob ile egister, ” Db c 27 , 1 837
, ,
. .

Mr M H
Mc G regO h P rin c e
en ry Ran way ne gro Phil sc ar throu rh the
a c right e
y e brow Part
G eorge C o u n ty M ary lan”d in the “ A l ex Of the M i d dl e toe On the ri ght f oot C U t Of
0

an d ria [ D C ] G az ette , Pe b 6 , 1 8 38 -
.
. . .

G B J ou rd an B al d
jk r cq Kan aw ay John has one o f h is h an ds extend in g
r
ree n , l n fy a sc ar on
me
, ,
G 1" “
G b um “ 1e p”
637
eorg“
f rom the wris t j oint to the little fin ger also a sc ar o n on e o f his ,
”
le gs .

M essrs . Dan iel an d Good man N ew Absconded m u l atto sl ave A l ie k has a l arge sc ar ove r 0 ne
N Peb e ’
rl
O e an s, in the “
. 0 . B ee , ” . .

of his cheeks o
1 83 9 .

J erem iah W OOd ward

(1 0 0 0 11 13 0 4 , C O D O LL ARS R E W ARD for N elso n has a sc ar on his
20 0
V3 . in the “
R ic hm on d V a W h ig, ”
,
.

f orehe ad occ asi oned by a b arn an d o n e on hi s lower hp an d on e

,

J an 3 0 , 1 83 8 ,
”
. .

abo u t the knee .

Ra n a way , a ne gro m an an d his wi fe n am e d N at an d

3 mm ” awlin s, G W in e ‘ C R G a ’i“
Priscill a he has a sm all sc ar o n his le f t cheek two s tifi
,
'

ln l
C um b us S e n a“e 1 "
" 99
,
,

3
o 0
18 8 .
on hi s r i ght h and W i th a run n i n g sore on the m hi s W if e has a
oothou t
”
sc ar on her le f t a rm an d o n e u r t
pp e , .

The re ader perceives th at we h ave un der this h ave m ani fested as f ar as they have gon e in the ,

he ad as under previou s ones given to the testi

, , description a com m end able fidelity to tr uth
, .

m ony o f the sl aveholders themselves u n der their
ow n n am es a precedence over th a t o f al l other
w itnesses We now ask the re ader s attention .
to the testimonies which f ollow They are e n
, It is prob able th at som e of the sc ars an d m aim
,
in gs in the precedin g advertisements were the
’
res ul t of accidents an d some m ay b e the r esult
. of violence inflicted by the sl ave s U p on e ach

dorse d by responsible n ames— men who S pe ak ‘

other Wi tho u t arguin g th at point we say th ose
.
, ,

wh at they kno w an d testi fy wh at they h ave ,

are the f ac ts ; whoever re ads an d ponde rs them ,

seen — testimonies which sho w th a t the sl ave

’
, wi ll need n o argument to convince him th at the ,

holders who wrote the precedin g adverti se proposition which they h ave been empl oye d to
ments describin g the work o f their own h ands
, , s ust ai n c an n ot be S hak en
,
T hat an ) c on side rs .
r

i n bran din g with hot irons m aimin g m u til atin g , , ,

b l c portion of them were ac c ide n tal is tot ally im ,

croppin g shootin g knockin g out the teeth an d

, , prob able f rom the n at u re of the c as e ; an d is in
,

e es of their sl aves b re akin

y , g their b ones & c , . , m ost inst ance s disprove d b y the advertisem en ts
 P un ishmen ts— Mutil ation of T e eth . 83

themselves Th at they h ave not been produ ced c e ive a n u mber o f c ases in wh i ch the r unaway
.
,

n otC h c u t in the
’
ss lts the sl ves pon e ch other is m is des c ribed as c rop t or a
by a au of a u a an ,
.

ife st fro m the f act th at inj u ries o f th at ch aracter c an 0 1 a p rt or he whole o the e ar c u t ofl & c
a t f ‘

,
’
.

l l Two ye ars an d a h al f since the writer o f this

m fl ic te d by the sl a ves U pon e ach other a re as a , , ,

saw a letter then j u st received by M r L ewi s

who ar f a e m ili ar with the h a bits a n d condition , .

exceedin gly r are ; an d of T app an of N e wYork c ont ai nin g a ne gro s e ar

’
o f sl aves well know ,
, ,

necessity m u st be so f rom the constant action c ut o ff close to the he ad The writer of the let ,
.

te r who si gne d himsel f Thom as A y l e thorp e

'

upon the m o f the stron gest diss u asives fro m s uch , ,

ac ts th at c an oper ate on h u m an n ature

M ont gomery Al ab am a sent it to M r T app an as .
, , .
.

Advertisem ents similar to the p rec e din g m ay a S pecimen of a ne gro s e ars an d desired him to
’ ’
,

s f rom the d aily add it to his collection

’
'

a t an
y time be ga thered by cores .

an d weekly newsp apers o f the sl ave st ates Be Another method of m arkin g slaves is b y draw .
,

fore presentin g the re ader with fu rther testimony in g o ut or bre akin g o ff on e o r two f ron t tee th
in proo f of the propo siti on at the he ad of this commonly the u pper ones as the m ark wo u ld i n ,

p art of ou r s ubj ect we rem ark th at som e of the th at c ase be the m ore o b viou s A n inst ance of
, , .

tortures en um er ated un der this an d the prece din g this kind the re ader will rec all in the testimon y
he ads are not in al l c ases infli cted by sl avehol d of S ar ah M Grim k e p age 30 an d o f which she
,
.
, ,

ers as p u n ishm en ts b ut somet imes merely as pre had p erison a l knowle dge be in g well acq u a in ted
,
.

v e n tiv c s o f esc ap e f or th e grc ate r sec u rity of both with the inh u m an m aster ( a disti n gu ishe d
, ,

their property Iron coll ars ch ains & c are citizen o f So u th C arolin a ) by whose order the
‘
.
’
, , . ,

u t u pon sl av es whe n they are driven o r tr ans b r u t al deed was done an d with the poor yo un g
p ,

ported from on e p ar t of the co u ntry to another in girl whose mou th was th us b arb aro u sly m u til ated
.

, ,

order to k eep them f rom r u nnin g aw ay Similar to furnish a convenient m ark by which to de .

mea s ur e s are af te n resorte d to u pon pl ant ations scri b e her in c ase of her elopement as she had . ,

t en the m aster o r owner s u spects a sl ave of frequ ently run aw ay .

plot tin gan esc ape an iron coll ar with lon g horns The c ase st ated by M iss G se rves to u nr avel
, ,
’
.

or a b ar of iron or a b all an d ch ain are o f ten wh at to on e u n i nit i ated seems qu ite a m ystery
, , , ,

fastene d upon him f or the do uble p urpose of t e i e the f requ ency w ith which i n the advertise
, . . ,

tardin g his fli ght sho u ld he attempt it an d o f ments of r u n aw ay sl aves p u blished in sou thern
'

, ,

servi n g as an e asy m e ans of dete ction p apers they are descri b ed as h avin g on e or two . ,

Another inh um an method of m arkin g sl aves f ron t teeth ou t S cores of s u c h advertisements ,

.

so th at they m a be e asily described an d detecte d

y are in so u thern p apers n ow on ou r t able We .

when they esc ape is c alle d croppin g I n the i wil l f urnish the re ader wi th a dozen or two
, . .

precedin g advertisements the re ader wil l p er ,

WI TN E SS E S . TE S TI M ON Y .

J esse Deb ruhl, sherifl ,

‘
Ri hl c d Dis
an Committed to j ail N ed abo ut 2 5 ye ars , , of a
ge , has lost his
C ol um b ia ( S
“
T el escop e , ”
two up p er f ron t tee th
tric t, . C .
) ”
F e b 24 , 1 838
.
. .

Mr . J ohn H un t, B lack ”W ate r B ay , 1 0 0 DO LL ARS R E WARD , for Pe rry ,

on e u n de r f ron t
G azette
g
n sacol a (G ) O c tob er 1 4 , ”
g
a ,
tooth m issin g, aged 2 3 ye ars .

18

Mr . J ohn Frederic k , B ran chville , 10 D O LL ARS R E WARD , for M ary , on e or wo up p er

t teeth
O ran geb u rgh Distric t, S C C ha l eston r ”
J out abo ut 25 ye ars old
. .

[ S C ].C o u ie ,
"
. r r
un e 1 2 , 1 83 7 . ,
.

Mr . Egb ert A m iles . R aworth , e ight

N
west of ashvill e on the C ha”rlotte road , Ran way M yal 23 ye ars ol d, on e of his f te ethou t ”
Dail y ep ub l ic an an n e r, R ashvil l e, B N a , ,
ore .

T em i e ssee , A p ril 30 , 1 8 3 8 .

B en j amin R u sse l , Dep uty sherifi ,

’

B ib b C o . G a . M acon ( G a ) T e legrap h, "

,
Brou ght to j ail John 23 ye ars ol d, on e f ore toothou t ”
Dec 25 , , .

. 1 8 37 .

F . W isn er, M aster of the W rk o a Committed to the Ch arle ston Work House Torn , t wo of his
H ouse , C ha “
rleston (S C . .
) C o n n er .
’

up p er f ron t tee thou t abo u t 3 0 ye rs of

a a
ge
"
, .

O c t 1 7 , 1 837
. .

Mr S N yl S a an n v ah (G a) Re Kanaw ay Peter, has l est t wo f ron t teeth i n the u pper j aw”

J
. . e e, . .

p ub li can ,
”
u l y 3 , 1 837 .

Mr . J
M c Murrain , n ear C ol um b us,
ohn Ran a way , a boy n amed M oses some , of his f ron t teeth ou t .

“
Georgia Messen ger,” A ug 1 838 .

Mr ohn . J
e n n edy , S tew r C o La K a t . .
Ran away , S ally her f, ore teeth ou t
" .

NewO l ean s B , A p ril 7 , 1 8 37

r ”
ee .

Mr A
‘

. J H
. utchin gs, n ear F loren ce , Kan aw ay. Geor ge Winston , two of his up p erf ore teeth out
N rth Al
.

”
Al a abamian A ugust 25 , ”
. o , immedi ate ly i n fron t .

l 838 .
 P un ishmen ts— Mutil ation of T e e th.

Mr . J m sP
a e rdon 33 C om”m on stree t
u , ,
N N e w O rle an s B ee
O F eb 1 3
Ran away , J ack son has lost f
,
his f ron t tee th ”
. . .
,

1 838 .
, on e o .

Mr . R ob e rt Ca lve rt ,in the A rk an Ran a way J ack , , 25 ye ars old has lost on e o f his f ore teeth ”
sas S tate G z
a e tte ,
”
A u gust 22 , 1 838 .
, .

Mr A C A B azley
in the M em Ran a way Abr ah am 20 or 22 ye ars of a
ge , his f ron t tee th
. . .
. e , , ,
”
p his l az e ttc , M arc h 1 8, 1 338 .

M r S am uel T own se n d in the

.

”
un ts , H Ran a way Dick , ,
1 8 or 2 0 ye ars of a e ,
g has on e f ron t tooth
v il le [ A l a
L j De m oc rat, M ay 1 8 37 .

Mr P hi l i p A . Dew in , the r
V i gin ia Ran a way Washin gton
, , a bo u t 2 5 ye ars of a e ,
g has an up p er
H r ld
.

ot M ay
"
24 , 1 837 ”
'

e a ,
.

f ron t tooth ou t .

J
"

M r ohn F re deric k , in th e C harles

. 50 DO LL A RS R E WAR D , for M ary, 2 5 or 26 ye ars 0 1d,
wo up p
”
ton M e rc u ry , A ugust 1 0 , 1 837 .
on e or t er teeth ou t .
”

Jesse De b ruhl ,
she riff of R i c hl an d Comm itte d to j ail , N e d, 2 5 or 2 5 y e ars old has lost his t wo
C ol um bia [ S C ]
,
Distric t in
“
the ”
up p erf ron t tee th
. .
,

T e eg l
rap h,
”
S ep t 2 , 1 837 . .
.

M E W . . G il b"ert in the
, C o um b us l 50 D O LL ARS R EWARD for Prin ce 2 5 , or 26 ye ars ol d,
tw
.
,

o tee th ou t in f ront on the upper aw”

[G l En q uirer O c t 5 1 837
a
on e or j
. . .
.
, .

.P ub hsb e r of the C harl eston M er Ran a way S el ler S aunders

, , on e f ore toothou t: 41 b 22 ye ars
c u ry , A ug 1 833 ”
Of a
. .
o.
g

Mr . B y rd M . G
"
rac e in the , M ac on Ran a way Warre n
, ,
a b o ut 25 or 26 y ears ol d, has l ost som e
[G ] T el egrap h O c t 1 6 , 1 838
a , . .

of his f ron t teeth ” .

Mr . George W B arn e"s .

,
in the M il Han aw ay , He n ry , a bou t 23 ye ars ol d, has on e of his u
p p er
l ed gc v1 11e [G a ]J oum fl l M ay 29 » 1 8 37
f ron t teeth out
. - .
.

D . Hr e ri n g, W a den r of B altimore Com mitted to j ail Eliz abeth Stew ard , 17 or 1 8 ye ars o l d, has
J il , in B al tim ore C h ron ic l e ”
O ct 6 ,
g
”
on e of herf ron t teeth ou t
.
,

l 37
.
.

Mr L C olb orn J , in the H un ts vil le Ran way L iley 26 ye ars of a f ore tooth ”

J a g e , on e
g on e
. . . .
,
Al a ] Dem oc rat,
”
. ul y 4 , 1 8 37 .

S am ue arman in the l H Jr . N ew 5 0 D O LLARS R E WARD , f or Adolphe , 28 ye ars ol d , two

rl "
O ean s B ee, O c t 12 , 1 8 38
his f ron t tee th are missin g ”
f
. .
o .

W ere it necess ary we mi ght e asily add to the , S HE LO S T HE R UPPE R TE ETH an d the under
H AS ,

precedin g list hun dreds The re ader will rem ark , .

ones ARE A LL B R OK E N S aid re ward will be p aid .

th at al l the sl aves whose ages are given are to whoever will brin g her to her m aster N o 1 72 , .

, ,
B arrac k s stre e t or lod ge her in the j ail
— not on e has arrive d at mi ddle a e con
.
"
,
y o u n
g g .

seq uently it c an h ardly be s upp ose d th at they h ave The followin g is cont aine d in the s am e p aper .

l ost their teeth either f rom age or dec ay The . Ran away N E L S ON 2 7 ye ars O l d A LL H IS
, , ,
”
p rob ability th at their tee th were taken ou t b y
TE ETH ARE M I S S I N G .

force is incre ased b y the f act of their b ein gf ron t

,
This advertisement is si gn e d b y S ELF E R ” “
,

tee th in almost every c ase an d f rom the f a ct th at ,

Faub ourg M ari gny .

the loss o f no other is m entione d in the a dvertise We now c all the attention of the re ader to a
m ents It is well known th at the f ront teeth are
.
m ass of testim ony in support of our genera l pro .

n ot
gener ally the first to f ail F urther it is noto .
, position .

ti ons th at the teeth Of the sl aves are rem ark ably G E O RGE B R I P L EY Esq of N orwich Connec .
.
, .
,

so und an d service able th at they dec ay farless an d , , tic ut has f urnished the fial l owin g statement in a
, ,

a t a m u ch l ater period of li f e th an the teeth o f the letter d ated Dec 1 2 1 838 . .

,

whites : owin g p artly no doubt to ori gin al con , , G URD ON C HAP M A N E sq a respectable m e r , . ,

s titu tion b ut more prob ably to their die t h abits , , ch ant of our city on e of our co unty commission ,

a n d mode of li fe .
ers — l ast sprin g a m ember of our state le gisl a
,

As an ill u str ation of the horri b le m u til ations t u re — an d whose ch ar acter for ver acity is above
,

s u spicion abo u t a ye ar since visited the county o f

some tim e s s uff ered by them in the bre akin g an d
,

N ansemond Vir gini a for the p u r p ose o f b uyin g

, ,
te arin gou t of their teeth we insert the f ollowi n g , , a c ar go o f corn He p urch ased a lar ge q uantity .

f rom the N e wO rleans Bee of M ay 3 1 1 83 7 -

, .
of M r with whose family he Spent a
.

$ 1 0 R E WAR D — Ran away Frid ay M ay 1 2 , , ,

week or ten d ays af ter he ret urn ed he rel ated to ,

J U LI A a ne gress E I GHTEE N O R T W E N TY YEA R S OL D

, ,
. me an d several other citizens the following facts .
 P un ishmen ts— C ruel tie s .

In order to prep are the corn for m arket by the E sq , Winthrop M aine d ate d Jan 12 th 1 839
. , , .
, .

time agreed U pon the slaves were worke d as h ard , M r S is a member of the Con gre gation al ch urch
. .

a s they wo u ld be ar f rom d aybre ak u ntil 9 or 1 0 , in Wi n throp an d l ate agent of the Winthrop ,

o clock at ni ght They were c alled directly from
’

M an u fact urin g comp any

.

w
.

their b u nks in the m orn in g to their work witho u t ,

a m orsel o f f ood u ntil noon when they took their

Bein g some h at acqu ainted with sl avery by a ,
,

bre akf a st an d dinner consistin g of b acon an d corn residence o f abo ut five ye ars i n Al ab am a an d ,
,

bre ad The quantity of me at was not on e tenth h avin g witnessed m any acts o f sl aveholdi n g c ru
y I will mention on e or two th at c am e u nder
.

cl t
o f wh at the s am e n u mber of northern l aborers
‘
,

u s ually have at a me al They were allowed b u t .

my eye ; an d on e of excessive cr uelty mentioned
f i f teen min u tes to t ake this m e al at the expir ation
to m e at the time by the gentlem an ( now de ad ) , ,
,

O f this tim e the horn w as blown The ri gor with tha t inter f ere d i n beh al f of the sl ave .

I was witness to s u ch cru elties by an over

.
“
which the y en force p u nctu ality to i ts c all m ay be ,

im agined from the f act th at a lit tle boy only nine seer to a sl ave th at he twice attempted to drow n ,

ye ars old was whipped so severely by the driver

,
him sel f to ge t ou t o f his power : this was on a
,

th at i n m any pl aces the whip ou t throu gh his

,
raf t of st aves in the M obile river I sawan owne r
,
.

clothes ( which were of cotton ) for t ardiness of t ake his r u naw ay sl ave tie a rope ro u n d him the n , ,
,

n o t over three min u tes They then worked with . . get on his horse give the sl ave an d horse a c u t ,

o u t intermission u ntil 9 o r 1 0 at ni ght ; af ter

with the whip an d run the poor cre at ure b are foot ,

which they prep ared an d ate their second me al e d very f ast over ro ugh gro und where sm all bl ack
, , ,
,

as sc anty as the first An age d sl ave who was ,

j ack o ak s had been c ut up le avin g the sh ar p ,
,

rem ark able for his ind ustry an d fidelity was work stumps on which the sl ave wo u ld frequ ently f al l
,
,

in g with al l his mi ght on the threshin g floor ;

then the m aster wo uld dr ag him as lon g as he
amidst the cl atter of the shellin g an d winno win
‘
co uld himsel f hold o u t ; then stop an d whi p him ,
g
u p on his f eet a ain then procee d as be for e
m achines the m aster spoke to him b ut he did n ot g
-
.

he ar ; he presently gave him several severe c u ts This contin ue d u ntil he got ou t o f my si ght ,

with the raw hide s aying at the same time which was abo u t h al f a mile B u t wh at f urther .

cr u elties this wretched m an (whose p assion was

, , ,

d am n y o u i f yo u c annot he ar I ll see if y ou c an
,
’ ,

so excited th at he co u ld sc arcely u tter a word

feel ’
O n e mornin g the m aster rose from bre ak
when he took the sl ave into his o wn power ) in
.

fast an d whipped m ost cr u elly with a raw hide a , ,

_
,

nice girl who was w aitin g on the t able for not fi ic te d u pon his poor victim the day o f j ud gmen t ,
,

openin g a west windo wwhe n he had told her to will u nf old .

O p en an e ast on e The n u mber of sl aves was only .

I have seen sl aves severely whipped on pl ant a .

f orty an d yet the l a sh was in const ant use The .

.
tions b ut this is o n every day oc c u rren c e an d
, ,
,

b odies of al l of them were liter ally covered with comes u nder the he ad of gener al tre a tment .

old sc ars .
I h ave known the c ase o f a h u sb an d com
N o t o n e of the sl aves attended ch urch on the p e l l e d to whip his wi fe This I did not wi tness .
,

S abb ath The soci al rel ations were sc arc e l y r c

.
tho ugh not two rods from the c abin at l he tim e .

co gnised amon g them an d they lived in a state I will now mention the c ase o f cr uelty be fore
,
re ferred to I n 1 82 0 or 2 1 while the p ublic works
.

o f prom isc u o u s conc u bin age The m aster said .

,

were goin g f or ward on D auphin I sl and M obile

.

he took p ains to bree d from his best stock— the ,

B ay a contr actor en gaged on the works be at

whiter the pro geny the hi gher they wo u ld sell for , , ,

On e O f his sl aves so severely th at the poor cre a

hou se servants When asked by M r C if he did . . .

not fe ar his sl aves wo uld run aw ay if he whipped t ure had no lon ger power to writhe un der his suf
the m so m u ch he replied they kno too well w f e rin g : he then took o u t his kni fe an d be gan to ,

fi esh in strip s f rom his hip s down A t

, ,
c u t his
wh at they m u st s uff er if the y are t aken— an d then , .

s aid I l l tell y ou how I tre at my r un aw ay n ig

’ this m oment the gentlem an re f erred to who was , ,
,
also a contr actor shocked at s u ch inh u m anity
ge rs I ha d a b ig ni gger th at ran aw ay the second
, ,
.

time as soon as I got tr ack of him I took three stepped forw ard b etwe en the wretch an d his vic ,

tim an d excl aimed I f y ou tou ch that sl ave

good f ellows an d went in p u rs uit an d f o und him
, ,
,
’

”
again ou do it at the peril of yo u r li fe The
i n the ni ght som e m iles distant i n a corn hou se ;
, ,
- y .

we took him an d ironed him h and an d foot an d sl aveholder r aved at him f or inter ferin g be tween
him an d his sl ave ; b ut he was obli ge d to drop his
,

c arted him home The next mornin g we tied him

victim fe arin g the arm of m y f riend— whose sta
.

to a tree an d whippe d him u ntil there was not a ,

,

so und pl ace on his b ack I then tie d his ankles .

t u re an d physic al po wers were extr aordin ary ” .

an d hoisted him u p to a l im b— f eet up an d he a d

do wn— we then whipped him until the damne d E X TRA C T o r AL ETTE R FR O M M rs MARY C owL Es .
,
, ’

nigger smoked so th at I tho ught he wo uld t ake a member o f the P ro te stan t Ch u rch at Genev a
,

fire an d b urn U p ‘Ve then took him down an d . Asht ab u l a co u nty O hio d ate d 1 2 th mo 1 8th , , , .
,

to m ake s ure th at he sho uld not ru n aw ay the M rs Cowles is a d aughter of M r J ames

. .

third time I ru n my kni fe in b ack of the ankles

, , C olwell of Brook cou nty Virgini a ne ar West
a n d c u t of the l arge c ords
—an d then I o ught to ,
~
, ,

L iberty
h ave p ut some le ad into the wo unds b ut I for .

I n the ye ar 1 80 9 I think when I was twenty

,

got it
’ , ,
.

on e ye ars old a m an in the vicinity where I resid

0

T he tr uth of the above i s from u nq u estion able ,

authority an d y ou m ay p u blish or s u ppress it as ,

e d in Brooke co Va ne ar West L iberty by the
, .
,
.
,

sh all best s ubserve the c au se of God an d hu n ame of M organ had a little sl ave girl abou t six ,

m anity ” .
ye ars ol d who had a h abit or r ather a n atural in fir
,
'

m ity common to children of th at age O n t his ac .

EX TRA C T or A L ETTER FR O M S TEPHE N S E W A LL, coun t her m aster an d mistress wou ld pinch her e ars
 P un zshmen ts— C ruel tie s
’

86 .
.

with hot ton gs an d throw hot embers on her le gs ,

G ERR IT S M ITH E sq of Peterb oro in a letter .
, .
, ,

N ot bein g abl e to accomplish their obj ec t by these d ated Dec 1 5 1 838 says .
,

me ans they at l ast resorted to a method too 1 11

,

I h ave j ust been conversin g wi th an in hab i

.

d elic ate an d too horri b le to describe in det ail

, t ant of th is town on the s ubj ect of the cr uelties .

,
S uffi ce it to say it se en p u t an end to her li fe in o f sl av ery M ne i hbors in form me th at he is
,
y g .

the most excr u ci atin g m anner I f f u rther testi a m an o f ver a city T he c andi d m anner o f his
.

m ony to au thentic ate wh at I h ave st ated i s n e comm unic ation utterly f orb a de the s u spicion th at
c e ssary I re fe r y o u to Dr Robert M itchel who he was attemptin to deceive me .

g
, .

then resided in the v icinity b u t n ow live s a t I n

”
M y in form ant s ays th at he resided in L o u i s
, “

di an a P ennsylv ani a above Pittsb rgh u

I an a a n d Al ab am a d urin
g a gre at p ar t o f th
.
, ,

ll I A R Y C o wm s ye ars 1 8 1 9 an d 1 82 0 : — th at he f req u ently saw .

T ssrm n n v O F WI LL I A M LA Dp E sq now o f slaves whipped never saw an y killed ; b ut o ft en , .

, ,

M inot M aine formerly a sl aveholder i n Florid a he ard of their bein g killed — th at i n sever al ih
, , .

M r L add is now the Preside n t o f the Americ a n st ances he had se en a sl ave receive in the S p ace ,

hun d I e d l ashes— e ach stroke

.

o f two ho u rs five
Peac e S oci ety I n a letter d ate d N ov ember .
' ,

d rawin g blood He adds th at this severe whip

2 9 1 838 M r L add s ays
.

, .
p in g was always f ollowed b y the applic ation of
W hile I lived in Florid a I knew a sl aveholder s tron brine to the l acer ate d p arts
g
whose n ame was H utchinson he had been a M y in form ant f urther s ays th at in the sprin g
,
,
pre acher an d a member of the Sen ate of Georgi a o f 1 8 1 9 he steered a bo at from L o uisville to N ew .

,
He told m e th at he d ared not keep a gu n in O rle ans Whilst stoppin at a pl ant ation on the
g
his ho use bec au se he was so p assion ate an d th at e ast b ank of the M ississippi b e twe en N atchez an d
.

,
.

he had bee n the death of three or f our m en I u n N e w O rle ans for the p urpose of m akin sale o f
g
.
, _

derstoo d him to m e an sl aves O n e of his sl aves a som e o f the articles with which the bo at was .
,

girl once c ame to my ho use She had run aw ay f rei ghted he an d his f ellow bo atm en sawa shock
, .

,
from him at I ndi an river T he cords of on e of in l cr uel p unishment inflicted on a co uple o f
gy
.

g a way
he r h ands were so m u ch contr acted th at he r h an d sl aves for the repe ated o ff ence o f r unnin
was u seless It was said th at he had thr ust her Str aw was spre ad over the whole of their b acks
,

h and into the fire while he was in a fit o f p assion an d after bein f astened b a b and of the sa m e
,

g y ,

an d h e ld it the re an d this was the e ff ct

. ,

M y m ateri al was i nite d an d le f t to b u rn u ntil e n e

,
g
.

, , ,
w fe had hid the g irl when H utchinson c ame fo r tire l cons ume d The a onies an d scre am s of
i
y ,
g .

her O ut o f co m p assion for the poor sl ave I of the s uff erers he c an never for t ”
gg
.
.
,

fere d him more th an she was worth which he re

.

f u sed We af terw ard let the girl esc ape an d I do

.
DR D AV I D N E LS ON l ate presi den t o f M arion ,
,

not kno w wh at bec ame of her b ut I believe he C olle ge M isso uri a n ative of Tennessee an d till , , , ,

never got her again I t was c urrently reported f orty ye ars old a sl aveholder s aid in an Anti
.
,

o f H u tchinson th a t he once knocked do wn a Slavery address at N orth am pton M ass J an

,

n e w ne ro ( one recently f rom A fric a) who w

. .
,
as
g 1 83 9
cle arin g u p l and an d who compl ained of the cold , ,

as it was mid win ter The sl ave was st unned

-
1 h ave n ot attem pte d to h arrow yo u r f eelin gs
.

with the blo w H utchinson s u pposin g he had with stories of cr u elty I will however men tio n
.
,
.
, ,

the s ulks applied fire to the side of the sl ave one o r two am o n g the m any incidents th at c ame
’

I wa s
,

u ntil it was so ro asted th at he s aid the sl ave w

u nder my observ ation as f amily physici an
as .

not wor th c u rin g an d ordere d the other slaves to on e day dressin g a blister an d the m istress of the
,
,

pile on br ush an d he was cons umed ,

ho u se sent a little b l ack girl into the kitchen to .

A m u rder occ u rred at the settlement ( M us brin g m e som e w arm w ater She prob ably m is
'

.
.
,

q u ite ) while I lived there An o v erse e r f rom G eor took her m e ss a e ; f o r she ret u rne d wi th a bowl
g
.

g ia, who w as employed by a M r Cormick i n a f u ll o f boilin g w a ter which her m istress n o

.
,

fit of j e alo usy shot a sl ave o f S am u el Willi ams sooner perceived th an she thru st her h an d into ,

w
,
"
the owner o f the next pl ant ation He was ap it an d hel d it there till it as h al f cooked . , .

prehended b ut af terw ard s uff ere d to esc ape

,
M r H E N RY H L oo m s a m ember of the P re s .
. .
,
This m an told me th at he had r ather whip a n e
b y te rian Theolo gic al Semin ary in the city o f
gro th an sit down to the best dinner This m an
had ne ar his ho u se a contriv ance like th at whi ch N e w York s ays i n a re cen t letter
.

, ,
, ,

is u sed in arm ie s where soldiers are p unished The Re v M r Har t recently m y p astor l l . .
, ,
‘

with the picket ; by this the sl ave was dr awn U p O tse go co u nty N e w York an d who has s p e n t , ,

f rom the e ar th by a cord p assin g ro u nd his wrists ,

some time at the so u th a s a te acher st ate d t o , ,

so th at his f eet co uld j u st to uch the grou nd I t me th at in the nei ghborhood in which he resi de d .

somewh at resembled a N ew E n gl and well sweep a sl ave was se t to watch a t urnip p atc h ne ar an ,

an d was u sed when the sl aves were flo ge d ac a d e my in order to keep off the boys who oce a
g . ,

The tre atment of sl aves at M u squito I co u si sion al l y tresp assed on it Attem p tin g to repe at the .

der m u ch milder th an th at which I h ave witness tresp ass in presence of the sl ave they were told ,

ed in the United S t ates Florid a was u nder the th at his m aster forb ad it . A t this the boys ‘
.
’

Sp anish government while I lived there There were enraged an d h u rled brickbats at the sl ave . ,

W ere abo ut fi fteen or twenty pl ant ations at M us u ntil his f ace an d other p arts were m u ch inj ure d
q u ito I h ave an indistinct recollection of fo ur o r an d wo un ded— b u t nothin g was sai d or don e
.

five sl aves dyin g o f the cold in Am eli a I sl and abou t it as an inj ury to the sl ave . .

They belon ged to M r R uner of M u squ ito The He also said th at a slave from the s am e nei gh
. . ,
.

compens ation o f the oversee rs was a certain p e r b orhood was f o u nd ou t in the woods wi th his .
,

tion of the crop ” arms an d le s b u rned almos t to a cin der u

.
g p as ,
 P un ishmen ts— C rue l ties .

a residen t of Western Virgini a gave the f ollow 5O hio an d f ormerly a resident of Kentuc k y tes ti , , ,

in g testimony at the s am e meetin g fi e s th at she knew a sl aveholder .

,

I h ave f req uently seen the m istress of a f am M r B rub e e k er who had a n u mber o f sl aves
i ly in Virgini a with whom I was well ac quaIn t am on g whom was on e who wo u ld freq uentl y
.
, ,

e d be at the wom an who per f ormed the kitchen a void l abor by hidin
,
g himsel f ; f or which he
work with a stick two feet an d a h al f lon g an d wo u ld ge t severe fl o ggin gs witho u t the desired e f
, ,

ne arly as thick as m y wrist ; strikin g her over fe e t an d th at at l ast M r B wo ul d tie l ar e c ats '

g , . .

the he ad an d across the sm all o f the b ack as on his n ake d body an d whip them to m ake them
she was bent over at her work with as m u ch te ar his b ac k in order to bre ak him o f his h abit o f
, ,

,
,
spite as y ou wo uld a sn ake an d for wh at I sho u ld hid in g ” , .

consid er n o O ff ence at al l There lived in this

H O R A C E M O U L I O N a minister o f the M
.

s am e fam ily a yo un g m an a sl ave who was i n Rev .

' ‘

,
'

tho dist E piscop a l Ch urch in M arlboro u h M as

, ,

the h abit o f r unnin g aw ay . He ret urne d one g ,

sac huse tts s ays

time af ter a week s absence : The m aster took ’ ,

h im into the b arn strippe d him ent irely n ake d Some when other m odes of p unishment will
, , ,

tied him up by his h ands so hi gh th at he c o uld n ot subd u e them c at haul them ; th at is t ake a c at ,
-
,

n ot re ach the floor tied his f eet to gether , an d p u t by the n ap o f the neck an d tail o r by its hind
, ,

a sm all r ail between his le gs so th at he co u ld not le gs an d dr ag the cl aws a cross the b ac k until, ,
’

a void the blows an d comm ence d whippin g him s atisfied this kin d of p uni shm ent as l h ave un
, .
,

He told m e th at he gave him five h u ndred l ashes d e rstood poisons the flesh m u ch worse th an the . ,

At a n y r ate he was covere d with wo nds rom ,

u f whip a n d is more dre a ded by the sl ave ”
, .

he ad to foot N ot a pl ace as b ig as m y h and b ut

.

wh at was c ut S u ch thin gs as these are per Rev A BE L B R O W N Jr l ate p astor o f the fir st .

, .

fe c tl y com m on al l over V ir gini a at le ast so f ar B aptist C hurc h Be aver Pennsylv ani a in a com , , , .

as I am a cq uainted Gener ally pl an ters avoi d m un ic ation to Rev C P Grosvenor E d i tor o f

.
,
. . .
,

p unishin g their sl aves be fore str an gers ” the Christi an Reflector s ays : .
,

M r C A LV I N H T ATE O f M isso uri whose f ather I alm ost d aily see the poor he art b roken sl ave -

akin g his w
. .
, ,

an d brother were sl aveholders rel ate d the f ol m a

y to a l and of f reedom A short .

time since I saw a noble piou s distressed spirit ,

, , , ,
lowin g at the s ame m eetin g The pl ant ation on cr ushed sl ave a member of the B aptist ch urch .

which i t occ u rre d was i n the imm edi ate nei gh esc apin g from a ( pro fessed Christi an b lood
,

,
)
b orho o d of his f ather s ho u nd to a l a nd where he co ul d enj oy th at o f
’
.
,

“
A yo u n g wom an who was gener ally v ery which he had been robbed d urin g f or ty ye ars .

b adly tre ated af ter receivin g a more severe whip H is pr ayers wo uld h ave m ade u s al l feel I saw
,
.

pin g th an u sual ran aw ay I n a fe w d ays she a B ap tist sister of abo u t the s am e age her chil . ,

c ame b ack an d was sent in to the fiel d to work dren had bee n torn from her her he ad was cover
,

.
,
,

At this time the garm ent next her ski n was sti ff ed with f resh wo un ds while her upper lip had ,

l ike a sc ab from the r u n nin g o f the sores m ad e sc arcely ce ase d to b leed i n consequ ence of a bl o w
,
,

by the whippin g Towards ni ght she told her with the poker wh ich knocke d o ut her teeth ,

m aster th at she was sick an d wished to go to she too , was goin g to a l and of freedom O nly a
. ,

the ho u se S he went an d as soon as she re ach very fe w d ays since I saw a girl of abo ut ei gh
,

.
,
,

c d it l aid down on the floor exh au sted The teen with a child as white as m ysel f age d ten , ,

mistress aske d her wh at the m at ter was l She months a Christi a n m aster was r aisin g he r child
.
,
’

m ade no rep ly She asked again ; b ut receive d (as well his own perh aps ) to sell to a so uthern
.

n o answ e r I ll se said she , if I c an t m ake m ar ket She had he ard of the intention an d at
e
"
.
’
,
‘ ’ .
,

y o u spe ak So t akin the ton

’
gs sh e he ated m idni ght took her only tre as u re an d tr avele d
g . ,

them re d hot an d p u t them u pon the bottom s o f ,

twenty miles on foot thro ugh a l and of str an gers
”
her feet ; then upon her le gs an d body ; an d s h e f o u nd f riend s .

fi n ally in a r age took hold o f her thre at This

,
Rev H E N RY T HO PK I N S p astor of the Primi
,
.
. .
,
.

had the desire d e ff ect The poor girl f aintly

M u rch i n N e w York City
.

—
whispered O h misse , don t I am most gone tive ethodist Ch ’ who ,
, ,

an d expired
”
.
reside d in Vir gini a from 1 82 1 to 1 82 6 rel ates the ,

f ollowin g f act :
Extr act of a letter f rom Rev C S RE N sn A w . . .
,

p astor of the Con gre gational Ch urch Q uincy An old colored m an the sl ave of M r Emer , ,
, .

son of Portsm o u th Vir ini a bein u nder d ee p

I llinois .
g g , , ,

conviction for sin went into the b ack p art of his

J u d ge M enzies of Boone co unty Ke n t ucky m aster s ard e n to po ur o ut his so u l in prayer to , , ’
,

an elder in the Presbyteri an Ch u rch an d a sl ave

g
God For this off ence he was whipped thirty ,

holder told m e th at he k n e w som e overseers in nine l ashes

.

,
.

the tob acco growin g re gion o f Virgini a who to , ,

m ake their sl aves c are fu l in p ickin g the tob acco Extr act of a letter from DO C T O R F J Us LE ,
.

th at is t aki n g the worms off ( y ou know wh at a M O Y N E of W ashin gton , Pennsylvan i a d ate d ,

, ,
loat hsome thin g the tob acco worm is) wou ld Jan 9 1 839 . .
,
m ake them ea t 8
who m ade them L est y o u sho ul d not h ave seen the st ate “

pick in g
- ”
.
m ent to which I a m goi n g to all ude I s ubj oin a ,

brie f ou tlin e of the facts of a transaction which

M rs N A N C Y .
occ u rre d i n Western Virgini a adj acent to thi s ,

Con form ist Ch ur cou nty a n um ber of ye ars ago—a f ul l acco u nt ,

 P un ishmen ts C rue l tie s . 89

of which was p ublished in the Witness abo u t ”

aga in as soon as I had a ch an ce th at is to say I , ,

two ye ar s since by Dr M itchell who now resides .

,
m ade them c all e ach other m an an d wi fe an d ,

in I ndi an a co unty Pennsylvani a A sl ave boy , .

sl e ep to gether which is qui te eno u gh for ne groes
,
.

I m ade on e b ad p u rch ase tho u gh c ontin ued he

’
ran aw ay in cold w e ather an d d urin g his con , , .

c e al m e n t had his le s f rozen ; he ret urned or w as I bo ught a yo un g m ul atto girl a lively cre ature
g , , ,

ret aken A fter so m e time the flesh dec ayed an d

. a gre at b ar gain S he had been the favorite o f .

s l ou he d—o f co u rse was o ff ensi v e — he w as c ar her m aster who had l ately m arried T he d if
g
.
.
,

rie d o u t to a field an d le f t there witho u t bed or , fi c ul ty was to ge t her to go for the poor cre at u re ,

shelter deserted to d ie His only comp anions

, .
loved her m aster Howeve r I swore most bit .
,

te rl y I was o n ly goin g to t ake her to her mother s

’
were the house dogs which he c alled to him A f .

ter sever al d ays an d ni ghts spent in s uff e rin g an d at an d she went with m e tho u gh she seeme d ,

expos ure he was visited by Drs M e Kitehe n an d

,
. to do u bt me very m u ch B u t when she discovered . ,

M itchell i n the field of their o wn accord h avin g , ,

at l ast th at we were ou t o f the st ate I thou ght
, ,

he ard by report of his l am ent able condition ; they she wo uld o m a d a d i f act t h e nex t ni ght she
g n n , ,

remonstr ate d with the m aster ; bro u ght the boy drowne d hersel f in the river close by I lost a .

good five h u ndred doll ars by this f oolish trick

’
to the ho use amp utate d bo th le gs an d he fin ally
, ,
.

recovered ” . Vol I p 1 2 1
. . . .

Hon JA M E S K PA U L D I N G the S ecre tary

. . the ,
of Mr S PI LLM A N a n ative an d till recently
.
, ,
-

a resident of Vir ini a now a member o f the Pres

N avy o f the U St ates in his L et ters f rom the
.
, , g ,
.

So uth” p ublishe d i n 1 81 7 rel ates the f ollowin g : ' b y te rian ch u rch in Delhi H amil ton c o O hio has ,
.
, ,
,

At on e o f the t averns alon g the road W e fu rnishe d the two f ollowin gf acts of which he had ,

were set down in the s am e room with an elderly person al kn owled ge .

m an an d a yo u th who seemed to be well acqu aint -

D avid St all ard of Shen ando ah c o Virgini a .
, ,
,
e d wi th him f or they conversed f am ili arly an d
, had a sl ave who run aw ay ; he was t aken up an d
with tru e rep ublic an indep endence —
,

f or they did lod ged in Woodstock j ail St all ard went with an .

not m ind who h e ard them From the tenor o f .

other m an an d t oo k hi m ou t of the j ail— tied him
his convers ation I was ind uce d to look p artic u to their horses— an d st arted for hom e The day
He was tellin g the yo u th
.

l arl y at the elder .

was e xcessively hot an d they rode so f ast drag , ,

somethin g like the followin g deteste d t ale He .

gin g the m an by the rope behin d them th a t he

was goin g it seem s to Rich m ond to inqu ire abo u t
,

, , , bec ame per fectly exh au sted — f ainte d —droppe d

a d r af t for seven tho u s and doll ars which he had , do wn an d die d , .

se n t by m ail b u t which not h avin g been ac

, , Henry Jones of C ul pepper c o Virgini a
knowled ged b y hi s corresponden t he was afr aid
.
, , ,
, o wne d a sl ave who ran aw ay Jones c au ght ,
.

had been stolen an d the money receive d by , him tie d him u p an d f or two d ays at i n terv als
, , , ,
‘
the thie f I shou ld n ot like to lose it s ai d he
.
,
’
, continu ed to fl og him an d rub s alt into h is m an ,

gled flesh u ntil his b ack was literally c ut u p T he

for I worked h ard for it an d sold m any a poor , .
,

d l of a bl ack to C arolin a an d Geor gi a to , slave s un k u nder the tort u re an d for some d ays
scr ape it to gether He then went on to tell it was supposed he m u s t die He however slo w
’
.
. .
, ,

m any a p e rfidiou s t ale All alon g the road it .

l y recovered tho ugh it was som e weeks be f ore he
seem s he m ade it his b us in ess to inquire where
’
. c o u ld w alk .

li ve d a m an who mi ght be tempte d to become a

p arty in this acc ursed tr affi c an d when he had M r N ATHA N CO LE of St L ou is M isso u ri in a
.
, .
, ,

letter to M r A rthur T app an of N e wYork d ated

,

go t some h al f dozen o f these poor cre atures he

-
.
, ,
,

tie d the ir han ds b e hin d the ir b a c ks an d drove ,

J ul y 2 1 834 s ays , , ,

them three or f o u r h undred miles or m ore b are , Y ou will find inclosed an a cco u nt of the pro
'

he aded an d h al f n ake d throu gh the b urnin g c e e d in

gs of an inq u est l ately held in thi s city u pon
sou thern su n Fe ar fu l th at even sou thern hum a
.
the body of a sl ave the det ails of which if p ub , ,
.

n iz y wo u ld revolt at s uch an exhibition o f h um an l ishe d not on e in ten cou ld be ind u ced to believe
,
misery an d h u m an b arbarity he gave ou t th at , tr ue ale I t appe ars th at the m aster or mistress or
they were r un away sl aves he was c arryi n g hom e
.
,

both s u specte d the u n f ortu n ate wretch of hidin g

,
to their m asters O n one occ asion a poor bl ack
.
a b u nch o f keys which were missin
g an d to e x
wom an exposed this f all ac y an d told the story of , tort some expl an ation which it is more th an pro , ,

her bein g k idn ap p e d an d when he got her , b able the sl ave was as un able to do as he r m is
,
i nto a wood out of he arin g he be at her to u se , , tress or an y other p erson her m aster M aj or H ar
his own expression till her b ac k was white
, , ,
‘ ’
, .
ney an o fficer of our army had whipped her f or
, ,

I t seems he m arrie d al l the men an d women he three successive d ays an d it is supposed by some , ,
bought him sel f bec au se they wo u ld sell better for
, , th at she was kept tied d urin g the time u ntil her ,
b ein g m an a n d wi f e ! B ut s ai d the yo u th were , , flesh was so l acer ate d an d torn th at it was im p os
y o u not afr aid i n travelin g thro ugh the wild
, sible for the j u ry to say W hether it had been done
cou ntry an d sleepin g in lone ho uses these sl aves , with a whip or hot iron some think both— b ut she
wo u l d ri se an d kill y ou ? To be s u re I was ‘
,
’
was tortu re d to de ath I t appe ars also th at the . .

said the other b ut I alw ays f astened m y door

, ,
p u t a ch air on a t able be fore it so th at i t mi ght
w ake me in fallin g an d slept with a lo aded pistol
in e ach h and I t was a b ad li fe an d I le f t it off
.
as soon as I co u ld live witho u t i t f or m any is the
h u sb and of the said sl ave had become su spected
, o f tellin
g some nei gh b or of wh at was goin g on f or ,
,
T he foll owi n g is the n ewsp ap er n oti c e re ferre d to
,
A n in q u est was held at the dwe llin g house of M aj or H ar
n ey in this c ity on the 27 th in st b y the c oron er on the , , .

t ime I h ave sep ar ate d wives f rom h usb an ds an d b ody of H an n ah a slave T he j ury on their oaths an d
,

.
, , ,
af ter he ari n g the tes tim on y of p hy sici an s an d several othe r
h u sb ands f rom wives an d p arents f rom children witn esses foun d that said slave c am
, ,
‘
“
e to her death b y , ,
b ut then I m ade them ame n ds by m arryin g t h em $18 in flicte d b v W il l iam S B arn e
y
"
. .
 P un ishmen ts—W
-

00 an ton C rue l ties .

which M ajor H arney com m enced tort u rin g him ,

an ent of the A n tLS l avery Society in which he
ag
,

i m til the m an broke f rom him an d ran into the st ate s the f ollowin g fa ct The n am e of the writer .
,

M ississippi an d drowned himsel f The m an was .

i s with the E xec u tive Committee of the Am eric an
a pio u s an d very ind u strio u s sl ave perh aps not ,
A nti Sl avery Society
- .

s urp assed by an y in this pl ac e The wom an has

I was p assin gthro u gh a pi ece of timbered l an d
.

b een in the family o f John Sh ack ford E sq the ,

.
,
,

an d on a s u dden I he ard a so u nd as o f m u rder ;

present doorkeeper o f the Sen ate of the Unite d
I rode in th at direction an d at som e dist ance dis
S t ates for m any ye ars was considere d an excel
,
,

lent s ervant— was the mother of a n umber o f covered a n aked bl ack m an h un g to the limb o f ,

a tree by his h ands h is f ee t ch ained to ether an d

child ren— an d I believe was sold into the f amily g , ,

a pine r ail l aid wi th one e nd o n the ch ain between

where she m e t her f ate as m atter of conscience ,
.

"
,
his le gs an d the other u pon the gro u nd to ste a dy
to keep her fro m bein g se nt below .
, ,

him an d in this condition the overseer gave him

M r EZ E K E L B respected citi
I i n n ssv s , a hi ghly f our hu n dred l ashes The miser ably l acer ated .

sl ave was then t aken down an d p ut to the c are

. .

,
zen o f Cornw all Litc hfi el d c o Connectic ut who ,
.
, ,
o f a physici an A n d wh at do y o u s u ppose was .

resided for m any ye ars at the so uth f urnished to , the o ff ence for whi ch al l this was done ? S imply
the Rev E R Tyler e ditor of the Conne ctic u t
. . .
, this : his owner observin g th at he l aid off corn ,

O b server the f ollowin g p erson al testimony

, .
rows too crooked he replied M ass a m u ch corn , , ,

grow on crooke d ro w as on str ai ght on e This ’

While I live d in L im estone c o Al ab am a in .

was it— this was enough H is overseer bo astin gof

.
, ,

1 82 6—7 a t avern keeper of the vill age of M ores

.
,

his skill in m an agin g a n igger he was s ub mitted

-
,

ville disco vered a ne gro c arryin g aw ay a piece o f ”

,

to him an d tre ate d as above

o l d c arpe t I t was d urin g the Christm as holid ays
.
,
.
,

when the sl av c s are allowed to visit their friends . D AV I D L C H I L D E sq of N orth ampton M ass a
.
, .
, ,

T he ne gro st ated th at on e of the serv ants o f the c l m se tts S ecre t ary of the U nited S t ates min ister
t avern o wed h i m some twelve an d a h al f or
,

at the Co u rt o f L isbon d u ri n g the a dministr ation o f

t wenty fi ve cents an d th at he had t aken the c ar
-
,
Presiden t M onroe st a ted the followin g fact in an
p e t i n p ayment This the serv a n t denie d The ,
. .

innke e per took the n e gro to a field ne ar b y or ation deliver e d by him in Boston in 1 834 ( See , .

,
an d whippe d him cr u elly H e the n str u ck him . Ch ild s Despotism o f Free dom ” p 3 0
’
, . .

with a st ake an d p u nched hi m in the f ace an d

r
'

, An honorable f rien d who st ands hi gh i n the ,

m o u th knockin g out some of his teeth A f ter

, . st ate an d in the n ation ” was p resen t a t the b uri al ,

this he too k him b ack to the ho u se an d com

, ,
.
o f a f em ale sl ave i n M ississippi who ha d b een ,

m itte d him to the c are of his son who had , whip p e d to d ea th at the st ake by her m as ter be ,

j ust then come hom e with another yo un g m an . c au se she was gone lon ger o f an err and to the
This was at evenin g T hey whipped him by . nei ghborin g town th an her m aster tho ught n e c e s
sa ry Under the l ash she protested th at she was
‘

t u rns with he avy co wskins an d m ade the dogs

, , .

sha ke him ? A M r Phillips who lod ged at the .

, ill an d was obli ged to rest in the fields To com
,
. .

p l e te the clim a x of horror she was delivered of a

ho u se he ard the cr uelty d urin g the ni ght O n
, .
,

gettin g up he fo u nd the ne gro in the b ar room

”
-
, de ad i n fant while u ndergoin g the p u nishment .
terribly m an gled with the whip an d his flesh so
The s ame fact is st ate d by M rs C H I L D in her
,

torn by the do gs th at the cords were b are He , .

.

rem arked to the l andlord th a t he was d an gero u sly Appe al ” In answer to a r e cen t letter inqu ir
w
. ,

hu rt an d n eeded c are The l andlord replied th at

, . in g o f M r an d M rs Chil d if the y were n o at
. .

he dese rved n one M r Phillips went to a nei gh . .

liberty to disclose the n am e o f their in form ant ,

borin g m agistr ate who took the sl ave home with ,

M r C s ays . .
,
him where he soon died The f ather an d son were
, .
“ The witness who st ated to u s the f act was
bo th tried an d acqu itted A s uit was b r o u ght
,

howe ver for d am ages in beh al f o f the owner o f

,
John James A p pleton E sq o f C ambrid ge M as ,
.
, ,
,

the sl av e a yo un g l ady by the n a m e o f A nes

‘ He is n ow in E urope a n d i t is not witho u t som e ,
,
g hesitation th at I give his n ame He however
Jones I was on the j ury when these f ac ts were
.
.
, ,

has openly embraced o u r c ause an d t aken a c on

s ta te d an oa th T wo m en testified on e th at he .
,

s ic uou s p art i n so m e anti sl avery p ubli e m eet

,

wo u l d h ave given $ 1 0 0 0 for him the other $ 90 0 p - .

or $ 9 5 0 The j ury f o u nd the l atter sum

,
in gs since the time th at I f e lt a scr uple at p ublish
in g his n ame M r Appleton i s a gen tlem an o f
'
. .

At Union Co u rt Ho use S C a t avern keep -

.
. .

hi gh t alents an d accomplishm ents He has been

.
, .
,

er by the n ame of S am uel D avis proc ured the .

, ,
Secret ary o f L e gation at Rio J an eiro M adrid
c onviction an d exec u tion of his o wn sl ave for , ,

an d the H a u e ; Commissioner at N aples an d

,

ste alin g a c ake of gin gerbre ad f rom a gro g shop g ,

”
Ch arge d A fl aire s at S tockholm
. '
’

The sl ave r aised the l atch of the back door an d

.

took the c ake doin g no other inj ury The sh op , .

The two f ollowin g f acts are st ated U pon the
ke e per whose n ame was Ch arles Gordon was
au thority o f the Rev JO S EPH G W I L S ON p astor of
, ,
.
,
willin g to fo rgive him b ut his m aster proc ured his
.

‘
,

co nvic tion a n d e xec u tion by h an gin g The sl ave .

the Presbyteri an Ch u rch in S alem W ashin gton ,

had b ut one arm ; an d an order on the s tate tre a co Indi an a

.
,
.

s ury by the co urt th at trie d him which also as , I n B ath c o Kentu cky M r L in the ye ar .
, , . .
,

sessed his v al u e bro ught him m ore money th an ,

’
32 or 3 3 while intoxic ated in a fit o f r age whip
’
, ,

he co uld h ave obt ained for the sl ave in m arket ” . ped a fem al e slave until she f ainted an d f ell on
the floor The n he whippe d her to ge t up ; then
.

Mr elder of the Presbyte ri an Ch u rch

an
T he n arratorof this f ac is n ow ab se n t f ro m the Un ted
.

t i
in on e of the sl ave states , l ately wrote a letter to .
t
S ates, an d I do n ot f eel at i b e ty to m en tion his n am e ” l r .
 P un ishmen ts— C ruel tie s . 91

with re d hot ton gs he b urned off her e ars an d ,

The N e w O rle ans M erc antile Advertiser says
whipped her again ! b ut all in v ain He then or . .
A ne gro wom an was f o u nd ch ained covered ,

d e red his ne gro men to c arry her to the c abin .

with br u ises an d wo u nds f rom severe fl oggin g .

T he re she was fo un d de a d nex t mo rnin g .

A ll the ap artm ents were then f orce d open I n a .

O n e W all in Chester district S C owned a , , . .

, room on the ground floor two m ore were f o u n d
sl ave whom he hired to his brother in d aw Wm
,

,
-
, .
ch ained an d in a deplor able con dition Up st ai rs
,
.

Beckm an f or whom the slave worke d ei ghteen an d i n the a rret f o u r more were f o u nd ch aine d
, ,
g ,
m o n ths a n d worked W ell Two weeks after re
, .
some so we ak as to b e u nable to w alk an d al l co
'

t urnin g to his m aster he ran aw ay on a ccou nt of vered with wou nds an d sores O n e m u l atto bo y .

b ad tre at m ent To ind u ce him to ret u rn the

.
, decl ares h i m sel f to h ave bee n ch ained f or fi ve
m aster s o ld him n om i n al l y to his nei ghbor to , m onths bein g fe d d aily with only a h and f ul o f
whom the sl ave gave himself up an d by whom
,

, me al an d receivin g every mornin g the most cru el

he was ret u rned to his m aster z— P u nishment
,

, tre atment ”
To prevent esc ape a b ar of iron was fast
.

strip es
The N ewOrle ans Co u rier s ays
.

e n c d with three b ands at the w aist knee an d , ,

,

ankle .Th a t ni ght he broke the b an d s an d b ar , We sa wone of these m iser able bein gs H e .
-

an d e sc aped N ext d ay he was t aken an d

. had a l arge hole in his he ad— his body f rom he ad ,

whippe d to de ath by three men the m aster , , , to f oot was c overed with sc ars an d fil le d with
,

Thorn an d the overseer First he was whipped

, .
,
worm s ” .

a n d driven tow ards home on the way he attempt

e d to esc a pe an d w as shot a t by the m aster
The N e wO rle ans M erc antile Advertiser s ays
, ,

c au ght an d knocked down with the b u tt o f the gun Seven poor u n fort un ate sl aves were f o und
so me ch ained to the floor others with ch ai n s
,
'

b y T ho m I n attemptin g to cross a ditch he f ell

.
, '
,

aro u nd the ir n e c k s f astene d to the ceilin

with his f eet down an d f ace on the b ank ; they g ; an d ,

up w
,

whipped in v ain to ge t him up — he died His .

on e poor o l d m an ards of sixty ye ars o f a e
g , ,

so ul ascended to God to be a s wi f t witness agai nst ,

ch ained h and an d f oot an d m ade f as t to the floor , ,

his Oppressors This took pl ace at 1 2 o clock ’ i n a k n eel in g p osition His he ad bore the appe ar .

g been be at en u ntil it was broken

. .

an ce o f h avin
N ext eveni n g an inq uest was held O f thirteen . ,

an d the worms were act ually to b e seen m akin

j u rors su mm oned by the c o roner nine s ai d it
, , g
a f e ast o f his br ains "
was m u rder ; two s aid it was m ansl au ghter an d ,
A wom an had he r b ac k
two s aid it was J UST I FI AB L E He was bo u nd over liter ally cooked ( if the expression m ay b e u se d )
to co urt tried an d acq u itte d — not even fined I”
, ,
with the l ash the very b on es m ight b e see n p ro
The f ollo wing f a c t is stated on the authority of j e c tin
g throu
g h t h e s k in 1 ”

M r W M WI LL I S of Green Pl ains Clark co O hio

. .
, , .
The N e w York S un of Feb 2 1 1 83 7 cont ai n s , .
, ,

formerly of C aroli ne co on the e astern shore of .

the followin g
T wo ne groes r un aw ays f rom Vir ini a were
M aryl and g , ,

overt aken a fe w d ays since ne ar J ohn stown C o

.

M r W knew a sl ave c alle d Peter White who

. ,
,

l u mbi a co N Y when the persons in p ursu it c alle d

.

was sold to be t aken to Geor gi a ; he esc aped an d

. . .

ou t f or the m to stop or they wo u ld shoot them

,

lived a lon gtime in the woods— was fin ally t aken .

O n e o f the ne groes t urned aro u nd an d s ai d he

.
‘

When he fo und himsel f s urro u nded he su rren ,

.
,

cl e re d hi m sel f q u ietly W hen his p u rs u ers had .

wo ul d die be fore he wo u ld be t aken an d at the ,

him in their possession they shot him in the l e g

moment received a rifle b all thro u gh his knee
an d broke it ou t o f m ere w antonness The next
,

.
,
the other st arte d to run b u t was bro u ght to the ,

gro rm d by a b all bein g shot in his b ack

,

d ay a M ethodist minister se t his l e g an d bo u n d it

A fter .

u p with splints The m an who took him then receivin g the above wo u nds they m ade b attle with
.
,

went i nto his pl ace of confinement w antonly their p u rsuers b u t were c apt ured an d bro u ght in
,
,
to J ohn stown I t is sa id th at the yo u n g m e n
ju mp ed u pon his l e g”an d cr ushed it His n am e
.
.

was Willi am Sp arks who shot them had orders to take th e m de a d or

.
”
a live .

M ost o f o ur re aders are f ami li ar with the hon

M r M M S HAFTE R , Townsend Verm ont of
’

rible atrocities perpetr ate d i n N e w O rle ans in

“

. . .
, ,
,

1 83 4 by a cert ain M a d ame La L aurie upon her recen tly a gr a d u ate of the W esley an Univers ity at
;
, ,
M iddletown Connectic ut m ak e s the followin
s l aves They were p ublished extensively in north
. g ,

ern newsp apers at the tim e The f ollowin g are e x .

st atement
tr acts from the acco u nts as p ublished in the N e w S om e o f the events o f the Sou th ampton Va , .

O rle ans p apers immedi ately af ter the occ urrence

in s urrection were n arr ated to me b y M r Benj a .

m in W Britt from Riddicksvill e N C M r

T he N e w O rle ans Bee s ays
.
, , . . .

Britt cl aim ed the honor of h avin g shot a bl a ck on

Upon enterin gon e of the ap artments the most ,
th at occ asion for the crime of dis obeyin g M r
, .

app alli n
g spect acle met their eyes S even sl aves .
,
Britt s imper ative S te p ! An d M r A sh u rst of
’ ’
.
,

more or less horribly m util ated were seen su s E denton Geor gi a told me t hat a nei hbor of his
, ,
g ,

pended by the neck with their limbs app arently ,

fired at a likely ne gro boy of his m other bec au se ,
’

stretched an d torn f rom on e extremity to the ,

the said hey encro ache d upon his premises ” .

other They had been confine d for sever al mon ths

M r D AV I D H A W L EY , cl ass le ader in the M e
.

a
in the sit uation from which they had th u s provi .

thodist E pisco p al Ch urch at S t Alb ans Lickin

den tial l y been resc u e d ; an d had been merely kept g .
.
,

in existen ce to prolon g their s ufferin gs an d to , co unty O hi o who m ove d f rom Kentu cky to O hio
, ,

m ak e them taste al l th at a most re fi ne d cru elty in 1 831 certifies as f ollows

,

c o uld infli c t
Ab out the ye ar 1 825 a sl ave had esc ape d for ,
92 P un ishmen tr— C ruel ties .

C an ad a b ut was arreste d in H ar din c ounty O n

, . f o u nd no m e ans of crossin g H ere he f ell in with .

his ret u rn I saw him i n H art co u nty — his wrists

, a white m an who knew his m aster bein g o n a ,

tied to gether be fore his arm s tied close to his body , , j o urney from th at vicinity He ind uced the sl ave .

the rope then p assin g behind his body thence to , to ret urn to B aton Ro uge u nder the promise o f ,

the neck of a horse on whic h rode the m aster , givin g him a p ass by wh ich he mi ght esc ape b u t , , ,

with a cl ub abo u t three f ee t lon g an d of the si z e ,

in re ality to betr ay him to his m aster Thi s he did
, .
,

of a hoe h andle ; which by the appe ar a nce o f the , inste ad of f ulfil lin g his pro m ise N owl and said .

slave had been u sed on his he a d so as to we ar off

, , th at he took the sl ave an d inflicte d five h u ndred
the h air an d skin in sever al pl aces an d the blood ,
l ashes u pon him c u ttin g his b ack al l to pieces , ,

was r unn in g f reely from his mo uth an d nose his an d then throw o n hot embers The sl ave was .

heels very m u ch bru ised by the horse s feet as his ’

,
on the plant ation at the time an d told m e the ,

m aster had rode o n him b e c au se he wou l d not go s ame story He also rolled up his sleeves an d
.
,

f ast eno u gh S uch was the sl ave s appe ar a nce

.
’
showed m e the Sc ars on his arm s which in con , ,

when p assin g thro u gh where I resided S uch . sequ ence appe are d i n pl aces to be c allous to the
,

c ases were not u n frequ ent ”

. bone I was with N owl an d between five an d six
.

”
months .

T he followin g is f urnished b y M r F A H ART

Rev J O H N R A NK I N f orm erly of Tennesse e now
. . .
, -

o f M iddletown C onnecti c ut a m an u factu rer an d

.
, ,
, , ,
p astor o f the Presbyteri a n Ch u rch of Ripley O hio
an infl uenti al m ember of the M ethodist E piscop al
, ,

has f urnished the f ollowin g st atem ent

C h urch I t occ u rred in 1 82 4 abo ut twe n ty five
T he Re v LUD W E LL G G A I N E s n ow p astor
.
.
,

miles this side of B altim ore M aryl and ,

. .

of the Presbyteri an C h u rch o f Gosh e n Clermont

.
,

I had spent the ni ght with a M ethodist bro

,
.

cou nty O hio state d t o me th at while a resident

, , ,
ther ; an d while at bre ak fas t a person c ame in , o f a sl a ve st ate he w as s u mm one d to assist in ,
a n d c alled f or help We went out an d f o u nd a . .

t akin g a m an who had m ad e his bl ack wom an

crowd collecte d aroun d a c arri age Upon ap . .

work n ake d sever al d ays an d af terw ards m ur

p roac hin g we discovere d th a t a sl ave tr ader was
,
-
dered her The m urderer arm ed himsel f, an d
.

e nd e avorin g to force a wom an into his c arri age .

thre atene d to shoot the offi cer who went to t ake
He had alre ady p u t in three ch ildren the yo u n g , h im ; an d although there was ample assi stance at
est app arently abou t ei ght ye ars of a ge The wo . .

h and the offi cer decline d f u rther inter f erenc e ”

m an was stron g a n d whenever he bro u ght her to
.
,

the side of the c arri age she resisted so e ffect ually , M r R A NK I N

. dds the followin g a
!
with her feet th at he co u ld not ge t her in Th e .
A Presbyt eri an pre acher now resident in a ,

wom an becom in g exh au sted at len gth by her , , sl ave st ate an d there fore i t is not expedien t to
,

f r antic e ff orts he thru st her i n with gre at violence ive hi n ame st ated th at he saw on bo ard o f a
, ,
g s
stam e d her d ow n up on the b ottom w
, ,

p ith his f e et ste ambo at at L ou isville Kent ucky a wom an who ,

,

sho u ted to the d river to go on ; an d aw ay they had been f orced on bo ard to be c arr ied o ff f rom ,
rolle d the miser able c aptives m o anin g an d shriek
,
.
al l she co u nted de ar o n e arth She ran acro ss .

”
i g un
n , til their voices were los t in the dist ance .
the bo at an d thre w hersel f into the river i n order ,

to end a li f e of intoler abl e sorrows She was .

M r S A M UE L H A LL
. te acher in M arietta C ol , a
drawn b ack to the bo at an d t ake n up The b ru .

l e ge O hio writes as follows

, , tal driver be at her severely an d she imm edi ately ,

M r I SAA C C F U LL E R is a member of the M e

. . thre w hersel f again i nto the river She was hook .

tho dist E piscop al Ch u rch i n M arietta He was a . ed up again ch aine d an d c arrie d o ff ”

, ,
.

f ellow st u dent o f m ine while in colle ge an d n o w ,

resides i n this pl ace He s ays — I n 1 832 as I .

,
Testim ony o f M r WI LL I A M H AN S B O RO UG H o f . ,
”
was descen din g the O hio with a fl at bo at n e ar ,
C ul pepper coun ty Vi rgini a the owner of sixty , ,

the French I sl ands so c alled below Cincinn ati ,

’
, , sl ave s .

I saw two ne groes on horseb ack The h orses ap .

p are n tl y took f ri gh t at some thin g an d ran
j umped over a r ail fen ce an d on e of the horses
in so doin g broke on e o f his f ore le gs f allin g at
,
the s ame tim e an d throwin g the ne gro who was
I sawa sl ave t aken ou t of prison by his m as
Both .
ter on a hot s um m er s day an d driven by said
,
’
, ,
, m aster on the re ad be fore him till he drop ped
, ,
-
, do wn
The above st atem ent was m ade by M r H ans .

u pon his b a ck A white m an c am e out of a hou se

.

not over two h u ndred yards dist ant an d c am e to boro ugh to L indley Coates of L anc aster co unty , ,
“

the spot Seizin g a st ake f rom the fence he

.
,
P a a distin guished m ember o f the Society o f
.

knocke d the ne gro do wn five or six times in suc Friends an d a m ember of the l ate Conven tion i n
,

c ession P a for alterin g the S tate Constit u tion

w
.
. The let .

I n the s am e ye ar I worke d for a M r N o .

ter f rom M r C cont ai n in gthis testimony of M. .

l and eleven m iles above B aton Ro u ge La at a

H is n owbe fo re us
.
, ,

pl ace c alle d Thoma s Ben d He had an o ver ’

.
’ . .

seer who was acc u stom ed to fl og m ore or less of M r TO B I A S B ovm n or,

.
'
a mem b er o f the M ethod .

the sl aves every m ornin g I he ard the blows an d .

Ch urch in S t Alb ans L ickin g co u nty O hio

ist , ,
s cre ams as re gul arly as we used to he ar t he c ol . ,

le ge bell th at summoned u s to an y d u ty when we s ays

went to school This overseer was a nephew o f “
I n N ich ol as v ille Ky in the ye ar 1 823 he ,
. ,

b u t he was
.

N owl and an d there were abo ut fi fty sl aves on sawa sl ave fleein g be f ore the p atrol
'

,
,

his pl antation N owl an d himsel f rel ate d the

.
overt aken ne ar where he stood an d a m an with ,

f ollowin g to me O n e o f his sl aves ran aw ay .

, a knotted c ane as l arge as his wrist str u ck the , ,

an d c ame to the Homo C hitto river where he , sl ave a n umber o f tim es on his he ad u ntil the ,
 P un ishmen ts— B ran din gs . 93

cl ub was broken an d he m ade t am e blood Geor g

e who a ppro ached his m aster with uu re
; the ,
.

was thrown in eve ry direction by the violence o f se rv e d s ubmission He bo u nd him with cords ; .

the ssist nce o f I sh am L ewis his yo u n g

the b l ows ”
.
a n d b y a a ,

e st b rb the r l aid him on a b ro ad b ench the

m ea t , ,
.

The Rev W I LLI A M D I C K EY of Bloomin gb ur g bl oc k H e then procee ded to hac k oj f G eorge a t

.
, , .
.

Fayette c o u nty O hio wrote a letter to the Rev the a n k l es I t was with the broad ax e
, ,
In v ain .

did the u nh appy victim sc ream an d roar for he

Joh n Ra nkin of Ripley O hio thirteen ye ars
w
, ,
as completely in his m aster s power ; not a h and
. ’

sin ce cont ainin g a description of the c u ttin g u p m on

so m a ny d u rst inter fere : c astin g the f eet
,
a g
of a sl ave with a bro a d a xe ; be ginnin g a t the f eet into the fire he lectured them at som e len gth .
,

an d
g ra d ual ly c u tt in
g the le gs arms an d body H e next c hop p e d him off b e l owthe k n ees George , ,

into pieces ! This di abolic al atrocity was com roarin go u t an d pr ayin g his master to be gin at the .

m itte d in the state o f Kentu cky in the ye r a 1 8 0 7 o t h e r e n d He admonishe d them again throw ,

in g the le gs into the fire — then above the knees

.
,
, ,
The perpetr ators of the dee d were two brothers
“

toss in g the j oints into the fi re — the next stroke ,

L il b u n an d Ish am L ewis N EPHE W S O F P R ES I DEN I severe d the thi hs from the body these were also
r
,
' '

g
J EFFER S ON The writer o f this h avin g been in committe d to the fl am e s—an d so it m ay b e s aid
.
.

formed by M r Dickey th at some of the f acts con . o f the arms he a d an d tr u nk u ntil al l was in the
, , , ,

eted with this m rder were not cont a ine d i n fi re He thre a tened an y o f them with sim il ar
us u
p u nishmen t who sho u ld in f u t u re disobey run
his letter p ublishe d by M r Rankin req uested him .
,
,

aw ay or di sclose the proceed in gs of th at evenin g

to write the acco u nt an ew an d f urnish the a ddi N othin now rem ained b ut to cons ume the flesh
' .
,
,
g ~

tion al f a cts This he did an d the letter cont ain an d bones an d for this p urp ose the fire was
. , ,

in g it was p ublished i n the

”
H m n Ri ghts for bri ghtly sti rred u ntil two ho u rs af ter midni ght ;
u a

A ugu st 1 83 7 We insert it here sli ghtly ab ridg when a co arse an d he avy b ack w all composed of
, .
,
-
,

rock an d cl ay covered the fire an d the rem ains

e d with the introd u ctory rem arks which appe ared ,

I t was the S abb ath— this p ut an end

,
o f Geor ge
In th a t p aper
.

to the amu sem en ts of the evenin g T he ne groes .

M r Dickey s first letter has been sc attered al l were n o wpermitte d to disperse with ch ar es to
’

g
.

,
over the cou ntry so uth an d north ; an d tho u gh keep thi s m atter am on them selves an d never to
,
g ,

m ultit u des h ave aff ected to d isb e l ie y e its state whisper it in the nei hborhood u nder the p en alty
g ,
ments Ken tu c k ian s know the tru t h of them qu ite of a like p un ishm ent
, .

too well to c all them in q uestion The story is ‘V hen he ret u rned home an d retire d, his wi f e .

fiction or f ac t— ii fi c tion why has it not been n ail excl aim ed Why M r L ewis where h ave y ou , ‘ .
, , ,
ed to the w all H undreds of people aro und the been an d wh at were ou doin ? S he had he ard ’
y g ,
mo uth o f C um berl and River are person ally know a stran e ou n din an d dre ad f ul scream s an d had
g p g ,
in g t o these f acts T here are the records o f the smelled some thin like f resh m e at b u r n in T h
g e
.

— g .

co urt th at tried the wretche s T here their ao answer he ret u rne d was th at he had never enj oy ,

quain tan c e s an d kindred still live All over th at e d himsel f at a b al l so well as he had enj oyed him .
.

re gion o f coun try the bru tal b utchery of George sel f th at ni ht ,

i s a m at te r of p u blic notoriety
g .

It is qu ite need N ext m ornin g he ordere d the h ands to reb ui ld

.

less perh aps to add th at the Rev Wm Dickey the b ack w al l an d he himsel f superintende d the
, , , . .
-

is a Presbyteri an clergym an one of the oldest ,

work throwin g the pieces of flesh th at still re ,
,
.

memb ers o f the C hilicothe Presbytery an d gre atly m ained wi th the bones behind as it went u
p ,
, , ,
respected an d b e loved by the ch urches in Sou th th us hopin to conce al the m atter B ut it coul d
O s .
g
ern hio He wa born in So ut h C arolin a an d n ot be hid— m u ch as the ne roes seem ed to b ar
.

was f or m any ye ars p astor of a ch urch in Ke n a they did whis er the horg
,
'

rd rid deed The nei gh

t ucky p ,
.

bors c ame an d in his presence tore down the w all ; ,

DI C KEv s L ETT ER
’
a sv W M
an d findin g the rem ain s of the boy they ap p re
. . .

I n the co u nty of L ivin gston Ky ne ar the hende d L ewis an d his brother an d testified ag ainst , . ,

m o uth o f C umb erl and River lived L ilb urn Lewis them They were committe d to j ail th at they , , .
,

He w
,

a S i ster s son o f the celebrated Je ff erson as m i ght an swer at the comin g cou rt f or this shock
’
.

the we althy owner o f a considerable gan g of n e in g o utr age b u t findin g sec u rity f or their appe ar .

groes whom he drove constantly f e d S p arin gly ance at co urt THEY W ERE A DM IrrE D ro B AI L !
'
, , , ,

a n d l ashe d severely The consequ ence was th at .I n the interim other articles of evidence le ak , ,
.

the y wo u ld ru n away Amon g the rest was an e d out Th at of M rs L ewis he arin g a po un din g
. . .
,

ill thrived boy of abo ut seventeen who h avin g an d scre am in g an d her sm ellin g fresh me at b u rn
-
, , ,

j ust ret urned fro m a sk ulkin g S pell was sent to in g for not till now had this com e ou t He was , ,
.

the sprin g for w ater an d in ret urnin g let fall an off ended with her for d isc l dsin g these thin gs al
, ,

ele gant pitcher : it was d ashed to shivers u pon l e gin g th at th ey mi ght h ave some wei ght again st
the rocks This was m ade theocc asion for reck him at the pendin g tri al
.
-
.

onin g with him It was ni ght an d the sl aves . I n connection with this is another item f ul l , ,

wer e al l at hom e The m aster had them al l col of horror M rs L ewis or her girl in m akin g her
. . .
, ,

l e c te d in the most roomy ne gro ho u se an d a ro u s be d on e mornin g after this f o und u nder her he ] -
,
.
, ,
.

in g fire p ut on When the door was sec ured th at ster a k een BUT C HE R KN I FE The app allin g disco
.
, ,

none m i ght esc ape e ither thro ugh f ear of him or very forced from her the con fession th at she con
,

sy mp athy with G eorge he opened to them the de s id e re d her li fe in j eop ardy

, M essrs Rice an d . .

s i n o f the interview n amely th at they mi ht be Philips whose wives were her sisters wen t to se e
g g , , , ,

e ff ect ually advised to sta

y a t hom e an d obey his her an d to brin g her aw ay if she wished it Mr '
. .

orde r s Al l th in gs n ow i n train he c alled up Lew is re ceived them with al l t he e xpre ssio n s of

.
,
 P erson al N araatives— Re v F ran c is Hawl e y . .

Virgin ia hosp ita l ity A s soon as they were se at .

.
provided on e of the gu ns shoul d fail ; ( for they
e d they s aid Well L etiti a we s upposed th at y ou
, , ,
were determ ined upon going to gether b u t for
mi ght be u nh appy here an d afr aid for yo u r li fe , gettin g p erh aps in the perturb ation o f the m o
, ,

an d we h ave com e to d ay to t ake y ou to yo u r f a . ment th at the gun was cocked when he to uched .

the r s if
’
y o u desire it
,
S he said Th ank y ou .
’
, ,
the tri gger with the rod the gun fire d an d he fell , ,

kind brot hers I am inde ed afr aid for my li fe an d die d i n a fe wm in u tes— an d w as with G eor e
’
,
.
g
We nee d not interru pt the story to tell ho wm u ch in the etern al worl d where the sl ave is f ree f ro m ,

s u rprise d he aff ected to be with this str an ge his m aster B ut poor Ish am was so terrifie d with
.

proced ure o f his brothers in l aw an d with this - -

, this unexpected occ urrence an d so con fo unded
dec l ar ation of his wi f e B ut al l his pro fessions . by the aw f ul contortions of his brother s face th a t '
’
,

o f f ondness f or her to the contrary n otwith he had not nerve enou gh to follow up the l ay
an d finish the pl an as was i ntended b ut en §
,
.

st andin g they rode O ff with her be fore his eyes

, .
. c re d ,

H c followed an d overtook a n d went wi th them , L ilb urn to go alone The ne groes c ame r unn in g .

to her f ather s ; b u t she was locked up f rom him , to see wh at it me ant th at a gu n sho u ld be fired in
’

with her o wn co n sent an d he retu rne d home , . the gr ave yard Th e re l ay their m aster de ad !
- .
,

N ow he saw th at his ch ar acter was gone his , They ran for the nei ghbors I sh am still rem ain .

respe ct able friends believed th at he had m assacre d e d on the spot The nei ghbors at the first ch arged
.

Geor ge b ut worst o f al l he saw th at they con , , him with the m urder of his brother B ut he .
,
sid e re d the li f e o f the h armless L eti tia was in dan tho ugh as if he had lost more th an hal f his mind ,

ge r f rom his p e rfi dious hands It was too m u ch . told the whole story ; an d the co urse or r an ge of
f o r h is chiv alry to sustain f The pro u d Vir gini an the b al l i n the de ad m an s body agreein g with his
‘ ’

s unk u nder the acc u m ul ate d lo ad of p ublic odi um . statem ent I sh am was not farther ch arge d with
,

He proposed to his brother I sh am who had been , L il b urn s de ath

’
.

his accomplice in the Geor ge aff air th at they , The C ou rt sat Ish am was j u dge d to be guilty -

sho uld finish the pl ay of li fe with a stil l deeper o f a c apit al crime in the aff air o f Geor e
g He was
tragedy T he pl an was th at they sho u ld shoot
.
, to be h an ged at S alem The day was se t M y . .

on e another H avin g m ade the hot br ained b ar ood old f ather visited him in the prison— two or
.
- .

g
gain they rep aire d wi th their gu ns to the gr ave three times t alked an d pr ayed with him I visited
'

y ard which was on an em inence in the midst of

, him once mysel f We fon dly hoped th at he was .

his p l ant ation I t was inclose d w ith a r ailin g

.
,
a sincere penitent Be fore the day of exec ution
.

O n e was to st and at one

,

sa
y thi rty f eet sq u are . c am e by some m e ans I never knew wh at I sham
, , ,

r ailin g an d the other over a gainst him at the

,
was m issin g About two ye ars after we le arned
.
,

other They were to m ake re ady take aim an d

.
, , th at he had gone down to N atche z a n d had m ar ,

co unt de liber ately l 2 3 an d t hen fire L ilb urn s , , ,

.
’
ried a l ady o f some refinement an d piety I saw .

will was written an d thrown down Open beside ,

her letters to his siste rs who were worthy mem ,

him They cocked their gun s an d r aised them to

. bers of the ch urch of which I was p astor T he .

their f aces ; b ut the peradvent ure occ u rrin g that l ast letter told of his de ath He was in Jackson s .
’

army an d f ell in the fam o u s b attle of N e w O r

o n e of the
guns mi ght m iss fire Ish am was sent , ,

for a ro d an d when i t was bro u ght L ilb u rn c ut

, , le ans . I am sir your friend , , ,

it O ff at abou t the len gth of two feet an d was ,

W M D I C K EY ” “
. .

showi n g his b rother how the survivor m i ght do ,

P E R S O N A L N A RRA T I —
V E S P A RT III .

N A RRA T I V E A N D T EST I M ON Y O F REV F RA N C I S HA W LEY . .

M r H A W L EY is the p astor of the B aptist Ch ur ch

. wo uld here rem ark th at on e m ay reside An d I ,

t t th fo r y e arS an d DOt witness extreme

i n C olebrook , Litc hfiel d cou nty C onnectic ut a he s0 0
,
.
,

cr uelties ; a northern m an an d one who [ 8 not a

He has res i ded f o urteen a s I the sl ave states ,

ye r n sl aveholder wo uld be the l ast to h ave an O p p or

,
,
N orth an d S OU th C arol i n a H ‘S ch aracter an d tu n it of witnessin the infliction of cr uel p un
.
'

y g
st andin g with his o wn denom in ation at the ishm en ts .

so u th m ay be in fe rred from the fact th at t he

, P LA N TAT I ON S , .

B aptist S tate C onvention of N orth C arolin a ap A m aj ority of the l arge pl an tations ar e

po inte d him a fe w ye ars since their gener al on the b anks of rivers far from the p ubl i c
, , ,

eye A re a t de al of low m arshy gro u nd lies

a ent to visit the B aptist ch urches within their
g g .

in the vicinity o f most o f the rivers at the so u th

b o unds an d to sec u re their c o oper ation in the ob -
,
consequ ently the m ain ro ads are seve ral m i les
j eet a o f the Convention M r H accepte d the from the rivers an d ener ally n o p ub l i c ro ad . .

g
.

ap pointment an d f or s om e time travele d in th at

, p asses the pl ant ations A str an ger travel i n g on .

cap acity . the ridge wo ul d think himsel f i n a m i s e rab ly ,

“
I rej oice th at the E xe c u tive C om mittee o f poor co u ntry ; b u t every two or three m i les he

ofi an d l e adm g i n to the

’

the Americ an Anti Sl avery Society h ve re s lved

a o will -
see a ro a d t urnin g ,

to p ublish a vol u me of facts an d testimony rel a swamp ; t aking on e of those ro ads an d travel i n g ,

tive to the ch ar acter an d workin gs o f Am eric n

a f rom tw o to six m iles he will com e to a l a rge ,

sl avery B avin resided f ourteen ye ars at the gate ; p assin g which he wil l find himsel f in a
.
,

w
so uth I cheer ful y comply ith yo r req est
,
u u t o cle a rin g o f sever a l h un d re d acres o f the firs t
,

d q l ity f l d ; p a ssin g on he w ill see 3 0 or

give the re s ul t of m y obse v tion e p ience
r a an x e r u a o an , . ,
 P erson al N arratives— Re v F ran c is Hawl e y . .

d ay , in the followin g m anner W hen they com At L aurel H ill Richmon d co un ty N or th

.
, ,

m ence a n e w c otton field the overseer t ake s his C arolin a it was reporte d th at a r un aw ay sl ave
, ,

w atch an d m arks how lon g it t ake s them to hoe was in the nei ghborhood A n u m ber o f y ou n g
, .

o n e ro w an d then l ays o ff the t ask accordin ly

,

m e n took their guns an d went in p urs uit Som e

'

, g .
, .

My nei ghbor als o in f orm s me th a t the sl aves i n of the m took their st ation ne ar the st age ro ad, ,

Al ab am a are worked very h ard ; th at the l ash i s an d kep t on the look ou t I t was e arly in the -
.

a l m ost u nivers ally applie d at the close o f the d a

y evenin —
g the poor sl ave c ame alon g when the , ,

if they f ail to perf orm their t ask in the cotton am b ush r ushe d upon him a n d ordere d him to ,

pickin g se ason You will se e them with their s urrender He re f used an d kept them off with
. , .
,

b askets o f co tton slowly bendin g their way to his cl ub , They still p ressed u pon him with their .

the cotton ho use where e ach one s b aske t is guns presented to his bre ast Witho u t seem in g
,
’
.

wei ghed They h ave n o me ans of knowin g ac to b e d au nted he c aught hold O f the m uzzle of
.
,

c u rate l in the co u rse O f the day howthey m ake on e of the u ns an d c ame ne ar ettin possession
y , g g g , ,

pro gress ; so th at they are in s u spen se u ntil their of it At len gth retre atin g to a f ence on on e ,
"
.
,

b asket is wei ghed Here comes the mother with side o f the ro ad he Sp r an g over into a c om fie l d
.
, ,
-
,

her children ; she does n ot kno w whether he r an d st arted to run in on e o f the rows O n e of .

sel f or childre n or al l O f them m u st t ake the the yo u n g m e n ste pped to the f ence fired an d
, , , , ,

l ash ; they c ann ot wei gh the co tton themselve s lod ge d the whole ch ar ge between his sho u lders
thc whole m u st be tr usted to the overseer W hile he f ell an d died in a short tim e He die d with .
, .

the wei ghin g goes on al l is still So m any p ou nds ou t tellin g who his m aster was or W hether he had
,
.
,

short cries the overseer an d t akes u p his whip an y or wh at his own n ame was or where he was
,

, , , , ,
excl aimin g S tep this way y ou d— n l azy sc oui i f rom A hole was dug by the side O f the ro ad
, , .

drel o r bi tch
,
’
The poor slave be gs an d p ro his body tu mble d into it an d th u s ended the
’
.
, ,

mises b ut to no p urpose T he l ash is applie d u ntil whole m atter

,
. .

the overseer is s atisfied Sometimes the whip The Rev M r C a M ethodist minister held as
. . . .
,

pin g is de f erred u ntil the wei ghin g is al l over his sl ave a ne gro m an who was a member of . ,

I h ave s ai d th at al l m us t be truste d to the over his own c hu rch The sl ave was considered a .

se e r I f he owes an y on e a gru d ge or wishes to very piou s m an had the confidenc e of h is m as

.
, , .

enj oy the fiendish ple asu re of whippin g a little ter an d al l who knew him an d if I recollect ri ght , , ,

( for some overseers re ally deli ght i n it ) they h ave he sometimes attempte d to pre ach J ust be f ore , .

only to tell a f alsehood rel ative to the wei ght O f the N at T urner i ns urrection in Sou th am pto n ,

their b asket ; they c an then h ave a pretext to co unty Virgini a by which the whole so u th was , ,

grati fy the ir di abolic al disposition an d f rom thrown into a panic this worthy sl ave Obtaine d ,

the ch aracter of overseers I h ave no do ubt th at perm ission to visit his rel atives who reside d either
, ,

i t is f req uently done O n al l pl ant ations the in S outh ampton or the co un ty adj oinin g
.
, , .

m ale an d fem ale sl aves f are pretty m u ch alike This was the only inst ance th at ever c am e to
those who are wi th child are driven to their t ask my knowled ge o f a sl ave bein g permitte d to go ,

til l within a f e w d ays of the time O f thei r dcliv so f ar to visit his rel atives H e went an d ret urn .

e r ; an d when the child is a f e w weeks Old the e d accordin g t o agreem ent A f ewweeks after
y , .

mothe r m ust again go to the field I f it is far his ret urn the ins u rrection took pl ace an d the .
, ,
'

from her hut she m us t t ake her b ab e with her

,
whole co u ntry was deeply agit ated S uS p ic iOii ,
.

an d le ave i t in the c are o f some of the children soon fixe d on thi s sl ave N at T urner wad a
“

.
,

perh aps O f on e not m ore th an four Or five ye ars B aptis t m inister an d the so uth bec ame e x ceed ,

old I f the child crie s she c annot go to its re in gl y j e alo us of al l ne gro pre achers I t se emed
. , .

lie f ; the eye O f the overseer is upon her ; an d if as if the whole comm u nity were i m pres sed W i th ,
.

when she goes to n urse it she st ays a little lon ger the belie f th at he knew al l abou t it th at he an d
,
.

t han the overseer thinks necess ary he comm ands N at T urner had concerte d a n e xtensive in surre e ,
.

her b ack to her t ask an d perh aps a h usb and an d ,

father m ust he ar an d witness it al l Brother .

,

y ou c annot be gin to know wh at the poo r sl ave

m others s uff er , on tho us ands of pl ant ation s at
the so uth .

\
“
I will now give a f e w f acts showin g the ,

workin gs of the system Some ye ars since a .

,

Presbyteri an m inister move d f rom N orth C aro

lin a to Geor gi a He had a ne gro m an O f an .

u ncomm on mind For som e c au se I kno w not .

,

wh at this m inister whippe d him m ost un m e rc i en gage d i n cle arin g a piece of new l and He
,
.

f ully . He ne xt ne arly drown e d him he then p u t had a ne gro girl ab o ut 1 4 ye ars Old whom he ,
,

him in the f en c e ; this is done by li f tin g u p the had severely whi p ped a fe wd ays be for e , for n ot
co rner of a worm fence an d then p u ttin g the per form in g her task S he agai n fai l ed The
‘ ’
,
.
.

f eet thro ugh ; the rail s serve as stoc k s He kept h ands le f t the field for home she went W i th them .

him there som e tim e how lon g I was n ot i n form a p art of the way an d fell beh i nd ; b u t the n e
, ,

ed b ut the poor sl ave d ied in a f e w d ays ; an d groes thought she wo uld soon be alon g ; the
, ,

if I was ri ghtly in form ed nothi n g was done evenin g p assed aw ay an d she di d n ot come , ,
.

ab o u t it ei ther in ch u rch or st ate

, A fter som e They fin ally concl uded th at she had gone b ack .

time he m oved b ack to N orth C arolin a an d is to the new gro und to lie by the l og he aps t h at
, , ,

now a m ember of Presb ytery I h ave he ard were on fire B ut they were mist aken : she had
S he was
. .

him pre ach an d h ave been in the p ulpit with him sat down by the f oot of a l ar ge pine .

thinly cl ad—the ni ght was cold an d r ainy

, .

M ay God forgive m e ! In .
 P erson al N arratives— Rev F ran c is Hawl e y . . 97

the morning the poor girl was fo u nd b ut she was I was acquainte d wi th a very we alt hy pl an ter ,
,

speechless an d di ed in a short tim e on the Pedee river in S o uth C arol i n a who has . , ,

O n e of m y nei ghbors sold to a spec u l ator a since die d i n conseque n ce of intemper anc e I t .

ne gro boy abou t 1 4 y e ars ol d It was more was s aid th at he had occ asioned the de at h o f
'

twel ve o f his sl aves b y compellin gthem to worl c

, .

th an his poor m Othe r co uld be ar Her re ason . ,

fled an d she bec ame a perfect m an iac an d had in water opening a ditch in the m i dst of W i n ter “

The dise ase with which they die d was a ple urisy
, , ,

to b e kept in close confi nement S he wo uld O c .

In crossin g Pedee river at C ashway Ferry 1

.

c asion al l y get o ut an d run off to the nei ghbors . , ,

O n on e o f these occ asions she c ame to my ho u se Observed th at the ferrym an had no h air on e i t h e r .

S he was i ndeed a piti able Obj ect With te ars side of his I asked him the c ause He .
.

rollin g do wn her cheeks an d her f r ame sh akin g in form ed m e th at it W as c au se d by his m as ter s

,
.
’

with agony she wo uld cry out don t y ou hear c an e I said y ou h ave a very b ad m aster Y e s ’
. ,
.
‘

I unde rstood th at he wa
, ,

him — they are whipp in g him n ow an d he is c al l a very b ad m aster

' ’
. s
, ,

i n g f or m e This ne i ghbor of mine who tore once a member o f C on gress from So uth C arolin a ,
.

the boy aw ay fro m his poor m other an d th us While tr aveli n g as age n t f or the N orth C aro ,

broke her he art was a m em ber of the P resby teri lin a B aptist St ate Convention I attended a thr e e
,
,

a n c hu r c h .
d ays meetin g in G ates c o u nty Frid ay the firs t ’

'
. ,

Mr S o f M arion District So u thC am day p asse d ofi S at urd ay mornin g c ame an d s

,
.
,

lin a i n formed me th at a b oy was kille d b y the the p astor of the ch urch who lived a fe w m ile s
.
,
'

T he boy off , did not make his appe ar an ce

,

overseer ou M r P s pl ant ation .

’ The day p as .
. s

was en ga ged in drivm g the horses in s cotton ed O ff an d n o news f rom the p astor O n Sab
.

.
,

i The driver ener a lly sits on the e n d of the b ath mornin g he c am e hobbl in g alon g h avin g
g n .
g , ,

sweep N o t drivin g to s u it the over seer

.
b ut little use of on e f oot He soon expl ain ed .
.

knocked him off with the b utt of his whip H ts s ai d he had a hired ne gro m an who on S at ur .
.
, ,

sk ull was f r act ured He die d in a short ti m e day m ornin g gave him a little s l ac k j aw
.
N ot .
,
‘
.
’

A m an o f my acquaintan c e in S o uth C aro h avin g a stick at h and he f ell upon him with his ,

lin a an d of consider ab le we alth had an only son fist an d f oot an d in k ic k in g him he inj ured his
, , , , ,

w hom he e d u c ated for the b ar b il l not s ucceed foot so seriou sly th at he co u ld n ot attend meet ,

in g in his pro fession he soo n ret urned home in g o n S aturd ay ,

. .

His father h avin g a sm all pl an tati on three 0 1 S om e of the sl aveholdin g m inisters at the '

f o ur miles O ff pl aced his son on i t as an overseer,

so u th p ut their sl aves u nder overseers or hire .
, ,

Follo win g the ex ampl e of his f ather, as I h ave them ou t an d then t ake the p astor al c are of ,

ood re ason to believe he too k the

W l f e o f on e o f ch urches T he Rev Mr B f ormerly O f
g
. . .
,

the ne gro men The poor sl ave f elt h i msel f Pennsylv ani a had a pl antation i n M arlborough
. ,

atly inj u red an d

expost ulated wit h him The District S ou th C arolin a an d was the p astor of
’

g re ,
.
, .

wretch took his gun an d deli b er ately shot him a ch urch i n D arlin gton District T he Rev M r
’

. . . . .
.

Providenti ally he Onl y w ounde d him b adly T of Johnson co unty N orth C arolin a has a
,
.
, ,

When the father c am e an d u ndertook to remon plant ation i n A l ab am a ,

.

strate with his son abo u t his cond u ct he thre at “

I was present an d saw the Rev J ,
.
, .

ened to shoo t him also ! an d finally took the W o f M ec k len b ur

g co u nty N orth C arolin a , , ,

ne gro wom an an d we nt to Al ab am a where he hire out f o ur sl aves to work in the gol d m ines in
.

, ,

still r es ide d whe n I le f t the sou th B u rke co u nty The Re v H M O f O r an e

g . . .

An e l der in the Presbyteri an ch urch rel ate d co u nty sold f or $ 9 0 0 a ne gro m an to a spec ul a
-

, ,

to me the f ollo w in g
— A Spe c ul ator with his tor o u a M ond ay of a c am p meetin g
.
‘
, .

drove of ne groes was p assin g m y house an d I R un aw ay sl aves are freq u ently h u nte d with ’ “

b o ught a little girl nine or ten ye ars ol d A fter gu ns an d dogs I was on ce ou t on su c h an esc ar
,
‘

. .

a f e w months I concl u ded th at I wo ul d r ather sion

,
with my rifle an d two dogs I tru st the “

,
.

have a plough boy Another spec ul ator was L ord has for give n m e this heino us wickedness !
- .

p assin g an d I sold the girl She was m u ch dis We did n ot t ake the r u n aw ays
,
. .

t resse d an d was very u nwillin g to le ave

,
She Sl aves are sometimes m ost u n m erci f ully p un .
’ -
.

had been with him lon g eno ugh to become at ishe d f or triflin g O ffences o r mere mist akes , .

ta c he d to his own an d his ne gro child re n an d he As it rel ates to am algam ation I c an say , , ,

c oncl u ded by s ayin g th at in view of the little th at I h ave b een in respect able f amilies ( so c all
, ,

irl
’ s te ars an d cries he had determin ed never to c d ) where I co u ld distin gu ish the family resem
g , ,

do the like again I wo uld not tru st him for I blan ce in the slaves who w aited upon the t able
. , .

k now him to be a very av aricio u s m an I once hire d a sl ave who belon ged to his own .

While tr avelin g in Anson co unty N orth O s un c l e I t is so common for the f em ale sl aves to , .

rol in a I p u t up f or a ni ght at a priv a te ho use h ave white children th at little or nothin g is ever .
,

The m an of the house was not at home W hen I sai d abou t it Very fe winquiries are m ade as to
.

, '

. .

stopped b ut c ame in the co u rse of the evenin g

,
who the father is , .

an d w as noisy an d pro fane an d ne arly dru nk I Th u s brother I h ave given y o u y ery “

.
, ,

retired to rest b ut not to sleep ; his c ursin g an d b riefly the res ult i n p art of my Observ ations an d
, , , ,

swe arin g were eno u gh to keep a re giment aw ake experience re l ative to slave ry Y ou c an m ake . .

Abo u t midni ght he went to his kitchen an d wh at disposition of it y ou ple ase I am willin g '

, .

ca lle d out his two sl aves a m an an d wom an th at my n am e sho uld go to the world with wh at ,
.

His object he s aid was to whip them They I h ave n ow writte n

" “

. .
, ,

b oth b e gged an d promised b ut to no .

urp ose
Yo urs aff ection ately for the oppressed
,
o
.

, ,
The whippin g be gan an d c onti nu ed or som e ,
F RA N C IS
tim e .
T heir cries m i ght h ave b een he ard at a
d is tan ce . C ol ebrook C on n ec ticu t March 1 8 1 839 , , , .
 P erson al N arrafives— Re ub e n G '
. Mac y an d Richard Mac y .

T ES T IMO NY or R EU BEN c f M A C Y A N D RI C H A R D MA C Y .

The followin g is an extra ct of a letter recently which was de alt o ut to them every first day of
r ec eived f rom C HAR LE S M ARR I O TT of H u dson ,
the week an d s u ch as were not there to rec eive
,

N e w York M r M arriott is an elder in the Re

. .
their p ortion at the appointe d tim e had to live as ,

l igiou s S ociety o f Friends a n d is extensively

they cou ld d u rin g the comin g week Each on e .

had the privile ge o f pl antin g a sm all piec e o f

,

known an d respected
groun d an d r aisin g po u ltry f or their o wn use
. ‘

The two f ollowin g brie f st atements are f ur ,

. which they gener ally sold th at is s u ch as did , ,

n ishe d by Rich ard M acy an d Re uben G M acy . improve the privile ge whi ch were b ut fe w They .

brothers both of H u dson N e wYork They are

,

, , . had nothin g allowe d them besides the corn e x ,

he ad c arpenters by tra de an d h ave been W e ll ,

“

cep t one q uarter of b ee f at Christm as which a

known to me f orm ore th an thirty ye ars as este em , sl ave b ro ught three miles on his he ad Th e y .

ed m embers of the Reli gio u s Socie ty of Friend s , were allowed three d ays rest at Christm as Their .

They in form me th at d urin g their st ay in South cl othing consisted o f a p air of trowsers an d j acket ,

C arolin a a n umber more simil ar c ases to tho se

,
’

,
m ade of whitish woollen cloth c alled ne gro cloth .

here rel ated c ame u nd er their notice whic h to

, , T he women had nothin gb ut a petticoat an d a very ,

avoid repetition they om it . short short gown m ade of the s ame kind of cloth
-
, .

C M ARR I O TT . .
‘
S om e c f the wome n had an o l d p air o f shoes ,
b ut the y ener all y went b are oot T he ho uses
TE S T I MONY O F REUB E N G MA C Y g f .

f or the fiel d sl aves were abo u t fo u rteen feet s uare

q
. .

,
D urin g the winter of 1 81 8 an d 1 9 I reside d b uil t in the co arsest m anner h av in b ut on e
.

,
g ,

on an isl and n e ar the mo u th of the S av ann ah room with e m an chimney or floorin with a
,
y g , ,

river on the So u th C arol in a side M os t o f the 11 0 13 at the I O O f at one end to let the smok e o ut
’

'
.
, .

sl aves tha t c am e u nder my p artic u l ar notice be Eac h on e was llowed on e bl anket in whi ch
,
a
l on ge d to a widow an d her d au ghter in whose fa they rolle d the m sekve s u I ex am ined their
,
p .

mily I lived N 0 white m an belon ge d to the ho u ses bil l 0 0 11 16 not d iscover an thin like a
,

.
y g
pl ant ation Her sl aves were u nder the c are of
.
b ed . I was in form ed t hat when they had a suf
a n overseer who c ame once a week to give orders ,
fi c ie n c y of pot atoes the sl av es were allowed some
an d settle d the score l aid u p agai n st s u ch as their b ut the se ason th at I was there they did not raise
'

mistre ss thou ght deserved p unishment which was ,

more th an were w an te d f or se ed All their corn
was gro un d in on e h an d mill every ni ht j ust as
.

f rom twenty fi v e to thirty l ashes on their n aked

‘

g
- -
,

h acks with a whip which the overseer gener ally

,
m u ch as was necess ary f or the f am il v then e ach
one hi s d aily portion which took hon side rab l e
,

b ro u ght with him This whip had a sto u t h andle. ,

abou t two feet lon g an d a l ash ab o u t f ou r and a h al f ,

time in the n i ght I of ten \ awok e an d he ard the
.

feet . F rom two to f o ur received the above I be ,

. so und o f the m ill G rin di the c orn in the
.

lieve ne arly every week du rin g the winter som e ,

tim es in my pre sence an d alw ays in my he arin g
ni ght an d in the d ark after t ie ir d av s l abor an d
, ,
’
,
, . the w ant of other food were gre at h ardships , .

I e xamined the b acks an d sho u lders of a n um ber T he tr avelin g in those p arts amon the ia
g ,

o f the m e n which were m ostly n aked w hile they

,
l ands was alto gether with bo ats rowe d by f rom
, ,
‘

were abo ut their l abor an d f o u n d them covered ,

f o ur to ten sl aves which o f te n stop p e d at o ur pl an
,

with h ard rid ges in every direction O n e day .

,
t ati e n an d st aid thro u gh the ni ght when the
, ,

while bu sy in the cotton ho u se he aring a n oise I , ,

sl aves after rowin g thro u gh the day we re le f t to
, ,

ra n to the door an d sawa colored wom an ple ad shi f t for themselves an d when they went to S a .

in g with the overseer who p aid no attention to ,

v ann ah with a lo ad of cotton they were obli ged to
her cries b ut tied her h ands together an d p assed
, ,
sleep in the Open bo ats as the l awdid n ot allow ,

the rope over a be am over he ad where was a , ,

a colored person to be o u t a f ter ei ht o clock in
g .
’

plat form for sp re adin g cotto n he then drew the ,

the evenin g w itho u t a p ass f rom his m aster ”
, .

rope as ti gh t as he c oul d so as t o let her toes ,

to u ch the grou nd ; then s tripped her body n ake d to TE ST I MON Y O F “ C HAR ” M A C Y

the W aist an d went deliberately to work with his
,
The above accou nt is from m y brother I .

W hip an d p ut on twenty five or thirty l ashes she

,
-
, was at work on Hilton H e ad abo ut twenty mil es
l din in v ain al l the time I inq u ired the north of my brother d urin g the sam e wi n ter
p e a g .
, , .

c ause of s uch tre atment an d was in formed it was
for answerin g her mistress r ather short
, The s am e allowance of on e p ee k o f corn for a
week the s am e kind of hou ses to live in an d the
’
.
, ,

A wom an f rom a nei ghb orin g pl ant ation c am e s ame m ethod of grinding their corn an d always ,

where I was on a visi t she c ame in a bo at row

,
in the ni ght an d in the d ark was p racticed there
, , .

ed by si x sl aves wh o , accordin g to the com m on,

“
A n u mber of instances o f severe whippin g
p ractice W ere lef t to take c are of themselves an d
, , c ame u nder my notice The first was this —two .

h avin g l aid the m d own in the b o at an d f allen ‘

men we re sent out to saw some blocks out o f

‘

asleep the tide f e l l an d the w ater fillin g the stern

, , large live oak timber on w hich to raise my b uil d .

o f the b o at w e t their mistresses tr unk of clo thes

, . in g Their saw was in poor order an d they
.
,

When she disc overed it she c all ed them up ne ar , s awe d them b adly for which their m aster strip , .

where I was an d compe lled them to whip each , ped them n ake d an d flo gged them .

other till they all had received a severe flo ggin

, g . The next inst ance was a boy abo ut sixteen
She st andin g by with a whip in her hand to see ye ars of age He had crept into the co ach to slee p
.
;
tha t they di d n ot sp are e ach other T heir usual af ter two o r three ni ghts he was c au ght b
.
y the
al low ance of f oo d w as on e p ec k of corn
p e r we e k , coach d river a n orthern m an an d strippe d en tire
, , .
 P erson al N arrati ves—Rev W il l iam S c al e s . .

e che d hoin e he had tie d her to a pe ach tree an d

r a
‘
-
, thro ugh the arm Thro ugh loss of bl ood the n e .

after gettin g a drink had flo gge d her un til he was gro was soon t aken an d p u t in j ail I saw hi s .

thirsty again ; an d while he went t o ge t a drink wo und twice dresse d an d he ard H ughes m ake the ,

the wom an m ade her esc ape He state d th at he . above st atement .

k ne w from the whipp in g he had given her there

, , Whe n i n J e ff erson co u nty I b o arde d six
"
m u st b e i n her b ack c u ts an inch deep He . wee k s in F ayette the cou nty town with a t avern , ,

showed the pl ace where she had been tie d to the keeper n ame d J ames Tr u ly He had a sl ave .

tree there app ea red to be as m u ch blood as if a n ame d Lu cy who occ upie d the st ation O f ch amber
, .

hog had been stu ck there The wom an was . m aid an d t able w aiter O n e day j ust af ter dinner .
, .

fo un d on S abb ath evenin g ne ar the sprin g an d , , M rs Tr uly took Lu cy an d bo u nd her arm s ro un d

.

a pine s aplin
had to b e c arrie d into the ho use . .
g behin d the ho u se an d comm enced ,

W hile I lived there I he ard M C oy say if the ’

, flo ggin g her with a ridin g whip ; an d when tired -

sl aves did not r aise him three h u ndred b ales o f wo u ld t ake her ch air an d re st She con tin u ed th u s .
,

c otton the ensuin g se ason he wo u ld kill e very n e , altern ately flo ggin g an d restin g f or at le ast an ho u r ,

he had an d a h al f I af terw ards le arned f rom the b ar keep

gro . . -

er an d others th at the wom an s O ff ence was th at

‘

“
Another c ase flo ggi n g c me under m y n o of a , ,
’

tice z— Philip O H u ghes sheri ff of J e fie rson co u n she had bo ught two c an dles to se t on the t able the
'

.
,

ty had hired a sl ave to a m a n , whose n am e I do

, evenin g be fore not k nowi n g there were yet some
,

n o t recollect O n a S abb ath day the sl ave had

. i n the b ox I did n ot see the ac t O f flo ggin g
.

dr ank somewh at f reely ; he was ordere d by the ab ove rel ate d ; b u t it w as comm enced be fore I
t avern keeper ( where his present m aster had le f t
, le f t the ho u se af ter dinner ; an d my work n ot b e
his horse an d the ne gro ) to st ay in the kitchen ,
in gm ore th an t wenty rods f rom the ho u se ; I di s
the ne gro wishe d to be out I n pe rs istin g to go . tin c tl y he ard the cries of the wom an al l the tim e ,

ou t he was knocked down three times ; an d af ter an d the m anner o f tyin

g I had f rom those who
w ards flo gge d u ntil another yo un g m an an d m y ,
did see it .

sel f ran abo u t h alf a m ile h avin g b een dr awn by ,

W hile I b o arded at T ruiy s an overseer shot ’
,

the cries of the ne gro an d the so u nd o f the whip . a n egro abo u t two miles northwest of F ayette be ,
.

When we c a m e up a n umber of men th at had lon gin g to a m an n amed Hinds S tu art I he ard
'

.
,

been ab out the t avern were whippin g him an d , ,

S tu art him sel f state the p artic ul ars It appe ared .

at interv als wou l d ask him if he wo u ld t ake o ff th at the ne gro s wi f e f ell u n d er the overse er s dis
’ ’
.

his clothes At seein g the m drive down the

. ple asu re an d he went to whip her The n e gro s aid
,
.

stakes for a re gul ar flo ggin g he yielde d an d took , she sho ul d not be whipped The ove rseer then .

them of f They then flo gged him u ntil s atisfied

. . let her go an d ordered him to be seize d The ne gro
,
.
,

O n the next m ornin g I saw him an d his p ant a; ,

h avin g been a driver rolle d the l ash of his whip ,

loons we re al l i n a gore of blood . ro u nd his h and an d s aid he wo uld not be whipped,

D urin gmy st ay in Je ff erson cou nty Philip O , . at th at t im e The overseer repe ated his orders
. .

H ughes was out on e day with his gun — he saw a T he ne gro took u p a hoe an d none d ared to t ak e ,

ne gro at some d ist ance with a clu b i n on e h and ,

hold of him T he overseer then went to his co at
.
,

an d an e ar o f corn in the other — H u hes steppe d th at he had l aid off to whip the ne gro s w i fe an d ’
g ,

beh in d a tree an d w aite d his appro ach ; he sup

, took out his pistol an d shot him de ad His m as .
.

posed the ne gro to be a ru n aw ay wh o had es ,

ter ordere d him to be b u ried in a hole without a
c aped abo u t nine months be f ore f rom his m aster ,
co ffin St uart st ate d th at he wo ul d not h ave
.

livin g n ot very f ardist ant The ne gro discovered . t aken two tho us and doll ars f or him N o p u nish . .

H ughs be fore he c ame up an d starte d to run ; he ,

ment was inflicte d on the overseer .

re fusin g to stop H ughes fired an d shot him , ,

E L EA Z A R PO W E LL Jr ” , .

T ES T I MO N Y O N THE AUT HO RIT Y O F REV W M S C A LES , L N DO N ,

. . Y VT .

\
The f ollowin g is an extrac t of a letter f rom two a w ay an d went to a pl ace abou t thi rty mi les dis .

profession al gentlemen an d their wives who h ave ,

t ant There he was fo und b y his p urs u ers on horse
.

b ack an d c om p e l l e d b y the whip to ru .th l is

y ;rot
m gp
t ance of th i rty rm l es I t was an e xc c e g
live d for som e ye ars in a sm all vil lage in on e of ,

the sl ave st ates They are al l person s of the hi gh .

day — an d within a f e w ho urs af ter he arrived at

.

est respect ab i l i ty an d are well known "1 at le ast

, the e n d of his j o urney the sl ave was de ad .

on e o f the N e w E n gl an d states Their n am es .

Another sl ave ran away b ut concluded to r ,

are with the E xe c u tive Comm ittee of the A m eri tu rn He had proceeded some dist ance on his rc
.

c an Anti Sl avery Society ; b ut as the indivi duals

-
t urn when he was m et by a com p any O f two b f
,

wo ul d do ubtless be m u rdere d by the sl aveholders three dr i vers who r ace d W h i pped an d ab u sed
, ,

Th
flffl
'

n $11fi §é
bg
21232212:éié
,
11 c r
l e
if they were p ubl i shed the Comm i ttee f eel s acredly , ’
er S p
-
0
b ou n d to withhold them T he let ter was ad nother m urder o f a sl ave in the nei ghborhood
.
of a ,

dresse d to a re S p e c te d clergym a n in N e wEn gl and

without givin g the circ u mst ances say There . ,

The wri ters say : is a power fu l N ewE n gl an d infl u ence at the

vill age where they reside We m ay there fore
A m an ne ar u s owned a v al uable sl ave —his su ppose th a t there wo ul d be as little of b arb ari an
bes t—m ost f aith f ul serv an t In a gust o f p assion cr uelty practiced there as an y where — at le ast
.
, ,

he stru ck him de ad with a lever or stick o f wood we mi ght s u ppose th at the average amo unt of , .

D urin g the ye ars 36 an d 37 the followin g cru elty in th at vicinity wo uld be s ufficientl y
“ ’ ’
,

tran spired A sl ave in our nei ghb orhood ran f avorable to t he side of sl avery Describe a air
.
.
- .
 P erson al N arra tives — Jose h Ide, Esq — Re v Phin e as S m ith
p . . .

ol e ,
the c entre O f which sh all be the residence bee n the am o u nt O f m urder in the whole sl ave ,

of the writers an d the r adi u s fi fteen miles an d in

,
territory ? The whole sou th is ri f e with the ,
’

abo u t o n e ye ar three an d I think f o u r sl aves crime of sep ar atin g h u sb ands an d wives p arents
,
,
”
h ave been m u rde re d within th at circle u nder an d children , ,
.

c irc u mst ance s of horrid cr uelty — Wh at m u st h ave

.

T ES TI M O N Y OF J O S EP H IDE , use .

M r I DE isrespected m ember o f the B aptist

. a l im i ted bein g with f ew e xceptions confined to
,

Ch urch in Shefli el d C aledoni a co u nty Vt ; an d , , .

the di ff erent f amilies where I h ave bo arded M y .

rec ently the Postm aste r in th at town He spent a .

stoppin g pl aces at the sou th h ave m ostly been in
cities I n them the sl aves are better fe d an d
fe w months at the so u th in the ye ars 1 83 7 an d 8
.

clothed th an on pl antations The house se rv ants .

In a letter t o the Re v Wm Sc ales of Ly ndon Vt . .

, .
are f e d on wh at the f amilies le ave B ut they are
written a fe w weeks since M r I de writes as fol
.

,
.
kept short an d I think are o f tener whipped for
,

l ows . ste alin g somethin g to e at th an an y other crime .

O n pl ant atio n s thei r f ood is princip ally ho mmo

I n answerin g the proposed inqu iries I will
“
, n
y as the so u therners c al l it
, It is sim ply cr ack .

sa
y first th at altho ugh there are v ario u s other
, e d co rn boile d This prob ably constitutes seven.

modes resorted to whi ppin g with the co wskin is , ei ghts of their living The hou se serv ants in . -

the u su al m ode o f inflictin g p unish ment on the cities are gener ally decently clothed , an d some
poor sl ave I h av e never actu ally witnessed a
. favorite ones are richly dressed b ut those on the ,

whippi n g scene for they are u s ua lly t aken into

,
“
pl an t ations especi ally in their dress if i t c an be
, ,

some b ack pl ace for th at p urpose ; b u t I h ave c alled dress ex hibit the most h aggard an d sq uali d
,

O f ten he ard t heir gro ans an d scre ams wh ile writh appe ar ance I h ave f requ ently seen those O f
.

in g u nder the l ash ; an d h av e seen the b lood flow both sexes more th an two thirds n aked I h ave - .

f rom their torn an d l acerated skins after the ven seen from f orty to sixty m ale an d fem ale at , ,

e an c e o f the inh um an m aster o r mi stress had work in a field m any O f both sexes with their
g ,

been gl u tted Y ou ask if the wom an where I

. bodies en tirely n aked— who d id not e xhibit si gns
bo arded whipped a sl ave to de ath I c an give . of sh ame m ore th an c attle A s I did not go .

y ou the p artic ul ars o f the tr ans action as they a mon

g them m u ch on the pl ant ations I h ave had ,

were rel ated to me M y in form an t was a ge n b ut f e wOpport u nities f or ex aminin g the b acks O f
’ '

tl e m an — a member of the Presbyteri an ch u rch i n sl aves— b ut h ave f requ e ntly p asse d where they
M ass ach u setts— W ho the winter be f ore bo arded were at work an d be en occ asion ally present with
,

where I did He s ai d th at M rs T . had a . them an d in almost every c ase there were m ark s
,

f em ale sl ave whom she use d to whip u nm erci ful o f violence on some p arts O f them — every age
'

l y an d on one occ asion she whi pped her as lon g

, , se x an d con di tion bein g li able to the whip A .

as she had stren gth an d af ter the poor cre ature son O f the
gentlem an with whom I bo arded a
’

, ,

was s u ff ered to go she cr awle d off into a cellar , . yo u n g m an ab ou t twenty on e ye ars O f age had -
,

A s she di d n ot imme di ately ret urn se arc h was , a

p l ant ation an d ei ght or ten sl aves H e u sed to .

m ade an d she was f o un d de ad in the cell ar a n d

, , bo ast almost every ni ght O f whippin g some O f
the horrid deed was ke p t a secret in the f amily them O n e day he rel ate d to me a c ase of whip
'

. .
,

an d it was reported th at she died o f sickness . pin g an Old ne gro— I shou ld j u d ge sixty ye ars of
This wre tch at the s am e time was a member of a a e
g He sai d he c alle d him up to fl og him for
.

Presbyteri an ch u rch Tow ards her sl aves she . so m e re al or s u ppose d o ff ence an d the p oo r ol d ,
-

was cert ainly the m ost cru el wretch of an y wo

,

m an bein g pio us aske d the privi le ge o f pr ayin g

, ,

m an with whorn I was ever acq uainte d— y et she be fore he received his p u nishment He sa id b e .

was nothin g m ore th an a sl aveholder She wo uld .

gr ante d him the f avor an d to u se his own ex ,

deplore sl avery as m u ch as I did an d o f ten tol d , pression Th e old ni gger knelt down an d pray
, .

me she was m uc h of an aboliti onist as I was She . e d for m e an d then got up an d took his W hip
,

was constant i n the decl aration th at her kind pin g In relation to ne gro h u ts I wil l say th at
.
’
,

tre atm ent to her sl aves was proverbi al Thou ght . planters u s ually own l arge tr acts O f l and T hey .

I then the Lord h ave m ercy on the rest : She

, h ave extensive cle arin gs an d a be auti ful m ansion
has o f ten told m e O f the cr uel tre atment of the ho u se —an d gener ally some f orty or fi fty rod s
sl aves on a pl ant ation adj oinin g her father s i n the ’
f rom the d wellin g are sit uated the ne gro c abins ,

l o w co un try o f So uth C arolin a She s ays she .

‘
or h u ts b u ilt of logs in the r udest m anner
, .

has o f ten seen them driven to the necessi ty of S ome consist of poles rolled up to gether an d ”

e atin g f ro gs an d liz ard s to s ust ain li fe As to the . covere d with m u d or cl ay— m any of them n ot as
mode of livin g general ly my in form ation is rather , com fo rt able as no rthern p ig sties ” - .

T ES TI MO N Y O F REV . P HIN EA S S MIT H .

Mn
S M ITH is now p astor O f the Presbyte
. l e m en tsin T exas The f ollowin g is an extract .

Ch urch in Centreville Alle gany c oim ty N , , o f a letter l ately receive d f rom him .

He has recently ret urned f rom a residence in Y ou inq uire respe ctin g instances o f cru elty
sl ave stat es an d the Americ an sl ave hol din g
, th at have come within m v kn owled ge I reply . .
 P erson al N arratives —Mr Phil e m on B l iss . .

Av arice an d cr uel ty constit u te the ve ry gist of cence f ell u pon ad am antine he arts T he fact s .

the W hole slave system M any of the enorm ities . abov e st ated a n d others i n rel ation to this scene
,

o f cr u elty c ame to li ht in the f ollowin

committed upon the pl ant ations will not be de g g m anner .

scri b ed till God brin gs to li ght the hidden thin gs
o f d arkness then the te ars an d gro ans an d blood
,
of innocen t men women an d children will be re
The m aster o f the m urdered m an c ommenced
le gal process against the actors in this tragedy f or
,
the recov ery of the val u e of the c hattel as on e ,

v e aled an d the oppressor s spirit m u st con f ront

,
’
wo uld instit u te a s u it f or a horse or an ox th at
th at o f his victim .
had been u nl aw f ully kille d I t was a s u i t for the .

I will rel ate a c ase of tor ture wh i c h occ u rred rec overy of dam ages m erely N o in d ic tm en t was .

o n the Br assos while I reside d a f e wm iles dist ant even dre ame d of Amon g the witnesses bro ught .

c ase sho u ld be u pon the st and in the pro gress of this c ause were
'

u pon the Chocol ate B ayo u The .

the physici ans P arrott an d Jones above n amed

[

re membere d as a tr u e ill u str ation o f the n at u re

'

, .

of sl avery as it exists at the so u th

,
The facts . The p art which they were c alled to ac t in this
aff air w
,

are these An overseer by the n ame of Alexan

. as it is s aid to ex amine the p u lse o f the
, ,

de r notorio u s for his cr uelty was f o u nd de ad in

, ,
victi m s d urin g the p rocess of tortu re B ut they .

the timb ered l ands o f the Br assos I t was sup . were m ist aken as to the quant um of to rt ure
p osed th at he was m u rdered b ut who perpetr ate d which a h um an bein g c an un dergo an d not die
‘

the ac t was unkno wn Two black men were . u nder it C an it be b elieve d th at on e of these
.

however seized t aken into the Pr ai rie an d p ut to ,

’

physici an s was born an d ed uc ate d in the l an d of

the to rtu re A physici an by the n ame o f Parrott
. the p il gri m s ? Y e sp in my own n ative N e w En .

f rom Tennessee an d an other f rom N e wE n gl and , gl and It i s even so

. The stone like ap athy m a -

by the n ame of Anson Jones were present on this ,

n ife ste d at the tri al of the above c ause an d the ,

occ asion T he l atter gentlem an is now t he

. scre am s an d thede ath gro ans of an innocent m an -
,

Tex an minister plenipotenti ary to the United as de veloped by the testimony of the witnesses ,

S tates an d resides at I ’Vashin gton he un for c an never be obliter ate d f rom my memory T hey
,
T . .

tun ate sl aves bein g strip ped an d al l thin gs ar ,

. f orm an e ra i n m y li f e a point to which I look ,

r an ged the tort u re commenced by whippin gupon

,
b ack with horror .

their b are b acks S ix athletic m en were em . A nother c ase of cr uelty occ urred on the S an
ployed in this sc e n e of in hu m an ity the n ames of .
, Bernard ne ar Ch ance Prairie where I resided for ,

so me of whom I wel l remember There was on e . some time The facts were these A sl ave m an fle d
. .

o f the n ame o f Brown an d o n e or two o f the ,

from his m aster ( M r S weeny ) an d bein g c losely
, .

n ame of P atton T he se six exec utioners were .

p ursue d by the overseer an d a son o f the own er ,

he stepped a fe w y ards in the Bern ard an d pl aced

,

su c cessively employe d in c u ttin

g u p the bodies of
these de fenceless sla ves who persiste d to the l ast , himsel f u pon a root f rom wh ich there was ,

in the avow al o f the ir innocenc e T he bloody .

no possibility of his esc ape for he c ould n ot ,

whip was ho wever kept i n motio n t i ll s av age b ar . swim I n this sit u ation he was fi re d u pon with
.

b arity itsel f was gl u tte d When t his was ac a bl u nderb u ss loa ded he avily with b all an d
grap e
‘

.
.

c om plished the bleedin g victims were re convey

, - shot The overseer who shot the gun was at a
.

e d to the inclosu re of the m a nsion ho u se where .

dist ance of a fe w feet only The ch ar ge entere d .

they were deposited f or a fe w m o m e n ts T he the body of the ne gro ne ar the groin He was
’

. .

dy in g groan s however in comm od in g the l ad ies,

.

con veyed to the pl ant ation lin gered in in e X p re s ,

they were ta k en to a b ac k she d where on e of them sible agony a fe wd ays an d expire d A physici an .

soon exp ired ale The li fe of the other sl ave was

. was c alled b ut m edic al an d s urgic al skill was
,

for a time desp aired o f, b u t after h an gin g over

,
u n av a ilin g N o notice wh atever was t aken o f
.

the gr ave for m onths , he at len gth so f ar recover this m u rder by the p ublic au thorit ies an d the ,

e d as to w alk abo u t an d l abor at li ght work

“

. m urderer was not disch ar ged f rom the service of

These facts c an n ot b e c on troherted They w ere
'

. his employer .

disclosed u n der the solemnity of an o ath at G o , When slaves fi ee as they not u n frequently do , ,

l umbi a in a co urt of j ustice I was presen t an d

’

, .
, to the timbere d l ands of T e xas they are h u nted ,

sh all never forget them T he testimony of Drs . . with gu ns an d do gs .

Parrott an d Jones was most app allin g I seem . The s uff erin gs of the sl ave n ot u n freq u ently
to he ar the de ath gr oans of th at m u rdered m an - . drive him to desp air an d su icide At a pl antation .

His cries for mercy an d protestations of inno .

o n the S an B ern ard where there were b ut fi ve ,

sl aves two d u rin gthe s am e ye ar comm itted sui

P arrott
'
,
T he words o f Dr witn ess on r l
the t ia hereaf
w ref erre d to .
.
, a
cide by dro wn in g ” .

T ES T I MO N Y O F P HI LEM O N B LI SS ES Q , .

M r Bliss is
. hi ghly respectable mem b er o f a 1 83 6 , an d p ublishe d in the N e w York E v an ge .

the b ar in Elyri a L or ain C o O hio an d m ember

, , .
,
li st .

of the Presbyteri an c hu rc h i n th at pl ace He , . In spe akin go f sl ave ry as i t is I h ardly know ,

resided in Florid a d u rin g the ye ars 1 834 an d 5 , .

where to be gin The physic al condition of the sl ave
.

T he followin g extr acts are f rom letters writ is far from bein g acc urately known at the north .

,
Ge ntlemen travel in g in the so uth c an kno w '

ten b y M r B in i 835 while residin g on a pl an

. .
,
nothin g o f it They m ust m ake the so u th their
.

t ati e n ne ar T all ah assee an d p ub lishe d soon after , residence ; they m u st live on pl ant ations be f ore ,

in the O hio Atl as ; also f rom letters written in the v c an h ave an y opportu nity of j ud gin g of the
104 P erson al N arratives— P hil em on Bl is s .

O nce whippin g i ss uffi c ient I h ave known w hippin g rem arke d th at a pl anter in G
n ot .who ,

r u n aw ays to be whipped for six or seven ni ghts had whipped a gre at de al at length got tired ,

in s uccession for on e o ff en ce I h ave known of it an d invente d the f ollowin g ex c el l e n t .

,

others who w ith pinione d h ands an d a ch ain m ethod o f p u nishm ent which I saw pr acti sed
, , ,

e xtendin g from an iron coll ar on their ne ck while I w e s p ayin g h im a visit The ne gro was
"

.
,

to the s addle of their m aster s horse h ave bee n pl aced i n a sittin g p osition with his h ands m ade ’
, ,

driven at a sm art trot on e or two h u ndred m iles f ast above his he a d an d feet in the s tocks so
, , , ,

b e in g compelle d to f ord w ater cou rses their th at he co u ld not m ove an y p art o f the body , .

drivers a ccordin g to their own con fession n ot

,
The m aster retired intendin g to le ave him till , ,

ab atin a whit in the r ap idity o f their j o u rney f or mornin g b u t we were aw akene d in the ni ght by
g ,

the e ase of the sl ave O n e tie d a kettle of s and to the gro ans of the n e gro w hich were so dole ful
.
,

his sl ave to re n der his j o u rney more ard u o us th at we f e are d he was dyin g We wen t to him . . .
,

Vario u s a re the instr uments of tortu re devis ed an d f o un d him covered with a cold swe at an d ,

to k eep the sl ave in s u bj ection The stocks are alm ost gone He coul d n ot h ave lived an hour . .

sometimes u sed Som etime s blocks are filled lon ger . Mr f o u nd the stocks such an . .
’

w ith pe gs an d n ails an d the sl ave compelled to e ff ctive p u nishmen t th at it al most su perseded

,
e
,

st and upon them . the whip ” .

Wh ile stoppin g on the pl ant ation of a M r C How m u ch do y ou giv e your n i ggers for a . .
‘

I saw a whip with a knotte d l ash lyin g on the t ask W h ile hoei n g cotton ” inqu ired M r C ,
.
.

table an d inquired o f my c omp anion who was of his n ei ghbor M r H

, , .

also an acq u aintance o f M r C s if he u sed th at H I give my m en an acre an d a quarter an d ’

. .
, .
,

to whip his ne groe s O ”

h s ays he M r C my wom en an acre “ , , .
'

. .

is not severe with his h and s He never whips C Well th at is a fair t ask N i ggers do a . .
, .

very h ard The k n ots in the l ash are so l arge he ap better if they are drove pretty ti ght ”
. .

th at he does not u su ally dr aw blood in whip H 0 y e s I h ave driven m ine into com plet .
,

pin g them ” . s ubordin ation When I first bou ght them they .

I t was princip ally f rom he arin g the conv ers a were discontented an d wished m e to sell th em ,

tion o f so u thern m en on the s ubj ect th at I j u d ge b ut I soon whippe d tha t o ut of them an d they ,
”
o f the cr uelty th a t is e
gn er a lly pr actice d tow ard now work very contentedly l
sl aves They will deny th at sl aves are gener ally
. C Docs M ary keep u p with the rest ? ”
.
.

ill tre ated b ut ask them if they are not whippe d H N o she does nt o f ten finish the t ask alone .
,
’
,

f or ce rt ain o ff ences which either a f reem an she has to ge t S am to help he r o u t af ter he has
,
,

wo u ld h ave no temptation to com mit or which done his to save her a whip p in g There s n o , ,
.
’

wo ul d not be an o ff ence i n an y b ut a sl ave an d other way b u t to be severe with them , .

f or n on perf orm ance of t asks they will answer

- C N o other sir if y ou f avor a ni gger y o u
,
.
, ,
”
promptly in the affi rm ative A n d f req u entl y spoil hi m . .

h ave I he ard them exc use their cr u elty by citi n g The whip is considere d as necess ary on a pl an
M r A or M r B who is a Christi an or M r C t atie n as the plo ugh an d i ts u se is alm ost as
,
. . .
,
. .

a pre a cher or M r D f ro m the n orth who com mon

, . The n e gro whip is the comm on te am
.
, . .

drives his h ands ti ghter an d whips them h ard stet s whip with a bl ac k le ather stock an d a shor t
,
’
, ,

er th an we ever do ” Drivin g negroes to the fine knotte d l ash The p addle is also f requ ently
, .
, .

u tmos t extent of their ability with occ asion ally a used som etim es with holes bored in the fl attene d , ,

h un dred l ashes or m ore an d a f e w switchin gs in en d The l adies ( l) in ch astisin g their dom esti c
,
.

the field if they h an g b ack in the drivin g se asons serv ants gener ally u se the cowhide I h ave , ,
.

viz in the hoin g an d p ickin gm on ths is per fect known som e u se shovel an d ton gs It is how ,
.
,

l y consistent with good tre atm ent ever m ore comm on to comm it them to the dr iver ,

While tr avelin g across the Peninsu l a in a to be whipped The m anner o f whippin g is as .

stage in comp any with a northern gentlem an follows The n e gro is tie d by his h ands an d
, , ,

an d so u thern l ady of gre at worth an d piety a som etim es f ee t to a post or tree an d stripped to
, , , ,

disp u te arose respectin g the gener al tre atm ent the skin The f em ale sl ave is not alw ays tied . .

o f sl aves the entlem a n contendin th a t their The n u mber o f l ashes depen ds u pon the ch ar a cter
g , g
tre atment wa s 0 n o inter fo r s e verity of the m aster or overse er
gener ally good ,
.

rup te d the l ady

y ou c an kno w nothin g,
o f the A nother instr um ent o f tort ure is som etim es
tre atm en t they receive on the pl antations Peo u sed how e xtensively I know n ot The ne gro .
, .
,

ple here do whip the poor ne groe s most cr u elly or in the c ase which c ame to m y knowled ge .
, ,

a n d m any h al f starve them Yo u h ave neither the ne gress was compelled to st an d b are f oot
.

of
y ou had opportu nity to kno w sc arcely an y u pon a block filled with s harp pe gs an d n ails for
thin g of the cr uelties th at are pr actice d in this t wo or three ho u rs I n c ase of sickness if the . ,

cou ntry an d more to the same e ff ect I m e t with m aster or over seer thinks them serio usly ill they
,
’
. ,

sever al others besides this l ady who appe ared to are t aken c are of b ut their compl aint s are u s u al
, , ,

f eel for the sins of the l and b u t they are fe w an d l y not m u ch heeded A physici an told me th at
, .

sc attere d an d not u s ually of s uffi ciently st ern he was e m ployed by a pl anter l ast win ter to go
,

mo uld to W ithstand the pop ul ar w ave to a pl ant ation of his i n the co u ntry as m any o f .
,

M asters are not forward to p ub lish their the ne groes were sick S ays he I fo u n d the m .

”
domestic re gul tions an d as nei ghbors are in a most miser able condition
a , The we ather '
.

u s ually sever al m iles ap art one s observ ation was cold an d the ne groes were b are foot with ,
’
, ,

m ust be lim ited Hence the fe w i n st ances o f h ardly eno u gh of c otton cloth in g to cover their
.

cr uelty which bre ak ou t c an be b ut a f r action of n akedness Those who had h uts to shelter the m .

wh at is pra ctised A pl anter c p rofessor o f t e .

C otton is p l an ted in dril ls ab out thre e f ee t ap art an d is

,
.

,
ligion in conversation u pon :
, univers ality o f
1 muealik e com .
 P erson al N arratives — Re v W m A C hap in . . . 105

were obli ged to b u ild them ni ghts an d S und ays . as tho ugh I co u ld h ardly stir W hy didn t y ou .
’ ’

M any were sick an d som e had die d I had the .

tell yo u r m aster y ou was sic k I c o uldn t see
,
’

sick t aken to an ol der pl ant ation of their m y m aster an d the overseer alw ays whips u s
,

m aste rs where they cou ld be m ade com f ort able

, ,
when we compl ain I co uld n ot stan d a whip
“

an d they recovered I directed th at they sho uld p in g I did al l I co uld for the poor f ellow b ut
.
’
,

his l un gs were rotte n

.
”

not go to work till af ter s u nrise an d sho u ld not ,

' He die d in three d ays .

work i n the r ain till their he alth bec ame est ablish f rom the tim e he le f t o ff work T he cr uelty of ’
.

ed B ut t k e overseer re fusin g to perm it it I de

,
~
,
th at overseer is su ch th at the ne groes almost
c l in e d attendin
g o n them farther I w as c all .
\ tremble at his n ame Ye t he gets a hi gh s al ary . ,

e d contin u ed he
,
’
by the overseer of another ,
for he m akes the l argest crop of an y other m an
pl an tation to see one o f the m en I f o u nd him .
i n the ne ighborhood tho u gh none b ut the h ard ,

lyin g by the side of a l og in gre at p ain I a ske d .

iest ne groes c an stand it u nder him f Th at .
‘

hi m ho whe d id O s ays he I m most de ad ,

’
,
’ -

, m an ” s ays the Doc tor ;

,
wo uld be h un g i n my
co u n try ” H e was a Germ an
,
c an live b ut little lon er How lon h av e y ou ’
g g .
. .

b e en sick ? I ve f elt for more th an six weeks

’

T
T ES IM O N Y O F REV W ILLIA M A . . CH API N .

Rev W I LL I A M S C A L E S of Lyndon Vermon t

.
, , ,
the p arlor with M r W on e of the most reso lute . .

has f urnished the f oll o win g testimony u nde rd ate o f the sl aves c ame to the door an d s aid M as , ,
“ .

ter I am willin g to work for

,
.

o f Dec 1 5 1 83 8
, I w ant
somethin g to e at ” The only r eply was
. .
,
Cle a r.
,
“
I send y ou an extract f rom a letter th at I yo u rsel f ” I le arned th at the sl aves had been
.

h ave j u st receive d which y ou m ay u se ad l ib itum , .

witho u t f ood al l day bec au se the m an who was ,
The l etter is from Rev X Vm A Ch apin Greens . . . , sent to m ill could not obt ain h i s gri ndin g He .

boro u gh Vermont To one who is acquai n ted

, .
went again the next day an d obt ained his gri st , ,
wi th M r C his opinion an d statements m u st
. .
an d the sl aves had no f ood till he ret u rned He .

c arry conviction even to the m ost obstin ate an d had to go abo u t five miles * .

incred ulo u s H e observes I resided as a te ach .

, , I know the slave s were so m etim es se verely
er ne arly two ye ars in the family of C arroll Webb
, , whipped I sawthe b acks of several w hich had
.

E sq o f H ampste ad N e w Kent co abo u t twenty n u mero u s sc ars e viden tl y c au se d by lon g an d

‘

.
, , .

m iles from Richmond Vir gini a M r Webb had
three or f o u r pl ant ations an d was considered o n e
of the two we althiest men in the cou nty : it w as
s u ppose d he owned abou t two h u ndred sl aves He
,
, . .
deep l acer ation s of the whip ; an d I h ave good
, re ason to believe th at the sl aves were gener all y
in th at condition ; for I never saw the b ack of
,

.
on e expose d th at w as not th u s m arked — an d f rom
was a member of the Presbyteri an Ch urch an d
,
,

, the ir t attered an d sc anty clothin g their b ack s

was e lecte d an elder while I was with him He .
were o ften exposed ”
was a n ative of Virgini a b ut a gr ad uate of a N e w
.

E n gl and colle ge .
' *T o this Re v Mr S c ales adds, “ I n fam iliar l an gu age ,
, . .

The sl aves were c alled in the m orn in gb efore an d in m ore de tail, as I have le ar n ed it in c on versation W i th
'

M r C hap in , the f ac t is as f oll ows

dayl i gh t I believe at al l se asons o f the ye ar th at .

, , “
M r W k e p t, w hat he c al led a ‘b oy , ’ i e a m an , to go
. .

I t was his c ustom n ot to give his slav es an y thin g to

. .

they m i ght prep are their food an d be re ady to go , to m ill .

to work as soon as it was li ght eno ugh to se e I e at w hil e he w as gon e to mil l— l et him have b e en on e l on g
.

er or shorter— f or this re ason , if he was l azy , an ( d el ay ed , g

.

k no w th at at the se ason of h u skin g corn O ctober , the sl aves wou l d b e com e hun gry : he n ce i n d ign an t, an d
an d N ovember they were u su ally c ompelled to , ab use him— this was his p un ishm e n t O n that occ asion he .

work l ate — till 1 2 or 1 o clock at ni ght I know ’

.
wen t to m il l in the m orn in g T he s l aves c am e u p at n oon , .

an d re turn ed to wor k without f ood At n ight, af ter havin g

this fact bec au se they accomp anie d their work work ed hard al l day , without food, wen t to b ed without
.

with a lo u d sin gin g of their o wn sort I u su ally .

sup p e r A b out 1 0 o c loc k’ the n ext d ay they c am e u p in a
.
’

.
v

re t ire d to rest between 1 1 an d 1 2 o clock an d ’

c om p an y , to the ir m aste r s door, ( that m aste r an el der in
,
the c hurc h) , an d dep ute d on e m ore resol ute than the rest to
gener ally he ard them at their work as lon g as I add ress him T hi s he did in the m ost resp e ctf ul ton es an d
was aw ake T he sl aves lived in wretched l og
.

.
term s W e are willi n g to work f or y ou , m aste r, b ut we
w
.

c an t work w ithout fo od ; e wan t som e thin g to e at

"
c ab in s , o f one room e ach witho u t floo rs o r win
’
.

C le ar y ou rself , ” was the an swer

,
T he slave s retired ;
dows I believe the sl aves sometimes s uff er for
.

an d in the m orn in gwe re d riven away to work without foo d

.

O n e evenin g as I was sittin g in w

.

w ant of food
.

"
.
, At n oo n , I thin k , or som ewhat af ter, they ere f e d .

T ES T I MO N Y O F MES S RS T . . D M . . AN D F . e MACY . .

This testimony is comm u nic ated in a le tter intelli gence I c an vou ch un qual ifie dl y ; the for '

f rom M r Cyr u s Pierce a respect ab le an d well

.
.
, mer has f urn ished m e with the f ollowin g state
k nown citizen o f N ant u cket M ass O f the wit , . ment .

ne sses M essrs T D M an d F C M acy

D ur i n g the wi n ter of 1 832— 3 I resided on
. . .
, . . .
,

M r Pierce s ays “ They are b oth inh abitants of

,
.
, the isl and of St Simon G lynn cou nty Georgi a .
, , .

this isl an d an d h ave reside d at the so u th ; they

‘

, There are sever al exten sive cotton pl ant ations on

t o b o h worthy men for w
“

ho se in te grity an d the i sl and The overseer of the plant at ion on

t ,
.
 P erson al N arratives— T . D M
. . an dF . C . Mac y .

i h at p art of the is lan d where I reside d was a When i t rained the sl aves were allowed to ,
Georgi an— a m an of ste m ch ar acter an d at , collect un der a tree u ntil the shower had p asse d .

i im e s c ru e l l
y ab u sive to his sl aves I h ave o f te n . S eldom on a week day were they perm itte d to
, ,

been witness of the ab use of his p ower In S ou th .

go to their h u ts d u rin g r ain ; an d even had this
‘

C arolin a an d Geor gi a o n the low l an ds the e n ] , ,

.
privile ge been gr anted m any o f those mi ser able ,

tiv ation is chiefly o f ric e The l and where it is ‘

. h abit ations were in so dil apid ated a conditio n ,

ra ised is o ften in un date d an d the l abor o f pre th at they wo uld afford little or n o protection
'

.
,
p arin g it an d r aisin g a crop is very ard uo u s
, ,
. N e gro h u ts are b u ilt o f lo gs covere d with bo ards ,

M e n an d women are in the field f rom e arliest o r th atch h avin

g n o fl oorin g an d b ut o n e ap art
, ,

d awn to d ark— o ften withou t hats an d up to , ment servin g al l the p u rposes of sleepin g cook
, ,
.

thp ir arm pits in m u d an d w ater - At S t S i . . in g & c

, S on re are f urnish e d with a tem por ary
.

m on s cotton was the st aple article O cra the

,

’
, .
, l e ft
. I h ave se en a whole f am ily herded to gether
driver u s u ally w aite d 0 11 the overseer to receive
,
’

i n a lof t ten f eet by twelve In cold we ather they .

,
orders for the su cceedin g d ay I f an y sl ave was .
gather aro und the fire spre ad their bl ankets on the ,

insolent or ne gli cu t the d river was authorized

, , groun d an d keep as c om f ort able as they c an
, . .

to p unish him wit the whip p with as ma ny blows , Their s u pply of clothin g i s sc an ty— e ach sl ave
as the m agnit u de o f the crime j u stified He was . bein g allowed a Holl and co at an d p ant aloons o f ,

f re q uently c au tioned u po n the p eril o f his skin to , ,

the co arsest m an uf act ure an d on e p air of cow , ,

se e th at al l the ne groes were off to the field i n hide shoes T he women eno u gh of the s ame .
,

the m ornin g O er a s a id the Overseer o n e

.
,
’
, kind of cloth for one f rock T he y h ave also o n e .

e venin g to the driver if an y pretend to be

, ,
‘
p air o f shoes Shoes are give n to the sl aves in
.

sick se n d m e word — allow no l a zy we nc hor fe l

,
“

the winter only I n s umm er their clothin g is .

,

low to sk ulk in the n e gro ho use N ext mornin g .

’
, compose d of osn ab u r gs Sl aves on di ff erent pl an .
.

a fe w m in u tes af ter the dep art ure of the h ands to tation s are n ot allo w e d w itho u t a written per
the field O cr a was seen h astenin g to the ho u se
, mission to visit their f ellow bondsmen u nder
, ,

o f the overseer He was soon in his presence . . pen alty of severe ch astisement I witnesse d the .

‘
Well O cr a wh a t now ?
, N othin g sir only
,
’
, ,
. ch astisement of a you n g m ale sl ave who was ,

Rachel s ays she sick— c an t go to de field to day ’

- .
’
f o un d l urkin g abo u t the pl ant ation an d c ou ld ,

A 11 sick is she ? I ll se e to her ; y ou m ay be give no other acco u nt o f him sel f th a n th at he

’
, , ,

o ff S he sh all see if I am lon ger to be f oole d w anted to v isit som e of his acquaint ance Fi fty
'

. .

wit h i n this way Here Christm as mix these .

, ,
l ashes was the pen alty for this o ff en ce I co u ld .

s alt s— brin g them to m e at the ne gro ho u se b

.
’
not end ure the d re ad f ul shrieks of the tort ure d
And se i zin g his whip he m ade oil to the ne gro ,
sl ave an d rushe d away f rom the sc e n e
,
.

settlem ent H avi n g a stron g desi re to se e wh at

The rem ainde rof this testim ony is f urn ishe d
.

wo uld be the res u lt I f ollowe d him As I ap , .

b y M r F C M ac y
p ro ac he d the ne gro ho u se I he ard hi gh words . . . .
.
,

R achel was statin g her compl aint—children were “

I went to S av ann ah in 1 820 S ailin g up the .

c ryin g f rom fri ght—an d the overseer thre atenin g river I had m y first view o f sl avery A l ar ge
I c an t work to day —
. .
,

R achel I m sick O ver n u mbe r o f me n an d women with a p iec e of

’ ’ ’
. .
,

seer . B ut y ou sh all work if y ou die for it , . b oard on their hea ds c arry in g m u d f or the p ur , ,

Here take these s alts N o w m ove off — qu ick

, . pose of dykin g ne ar the river A f ter t arryin g a , .

let m e see you r f ace again be fore ni ght an d by , while i n S av ann ah I went down to the se a
G —d y ou sh all sm art f or it
, ,

, Be off — no b e g . isl an d s of D e F usk ee an d Hilton He ad where I .

in —
g g not a word an d he dr agge d her f rom -
spen t six months N e gro ho u ses are sm all bu ilt .
,

the ho use an d followed her 2 0 or 30 rods thre at

, , of ro u h m ateri als a n d n o fl oor
g Their clothi n g ,
. ,

e n in The wom an did not re ach the fiel d

g ( one s u it ) coarse ; w hich they received o n C hrist
~
. .
.
,

O vercom e by the e xertion o f w alkin g an d by , m as day Their f ood was three p e e k s of p ota
.
'

a i t a ion she s unk do w n exh au sted by the ro ad toes per week in the pot atoe sea son an d on e p e e k
g , , ,

side — was t ak e n u p an d c arried b ack to the , of c orn the rem ainder o f the y e ar T he sl ave s .

ho use where an ab ortion occ urred an d her li f e

, ,
c arried with them into the field their me al an d ,

was gre atly j eop arde d . a

go u rd o f wate r They cooked their hom m o n y in .

“
I t was n o u n c ommon si ght to see a wh ole
. the field an d ate it with a woo den p addle
,

fam ily f ather mother an d f rom two to five

, , ,
Their tre a t m ent was little b etter th an th at o f
children c olle cte d to gether aro un d their p ggi n
,
i b r utes W hip p in g was ne arly an every day
.
-

o f hom m on
y or p ail o f pot atoes w atched by the pr actice O n M r M s pl ant a tion at the
’
'

.
, , .
,

overseer O n e me al was alw ays e aten in the

. isl and D e F usk c e I saw an old m an whipped ; ,

fi eld . N o time was allowed for rel ax ation . he was abo u t 60 He had no clothin g o n excep t .
,

I t was not u n u s ual f or a child o f five or six a shirt The m an th at inflicted the blows was
.

ye ars to per form the o ffi ce of n u rse — bec au se the Flim a t all an d sto u t m an
,
T he whippin g was .

mother worke d in a remote p art o f the field an d , ve r seve re

y I inq u ire d into the c ause
. S om e .

was not allowed to le ave her employm ent to t ake ve get ables had been stolen from his m aster s gar ’

c are o f her in fant I Van t o f proper n u trime nt . den of which he co uld give no acco unt I saw
,
.

ind uces sickness of the worst type . several women whipped som e of whom were in ,

N o m atter wh at the n at ure o f the service a ,

very del ic a te c irc u mst ances The e ase o f one I will .

peek of corn de alt ou t 0 11 S und ay m u st s upply

, ,
rel ate She had been p u rch ased in Ch arleston an d
.
.

the dem ands of n at ure f or a week . sep arated from her h usb and O n her p ass age to .

S av ann ah or rather to the i sl and she was de

0

T he S abb ath on a so u thern pl ant ation is a , , , ,

.

m ere nom in al holid ay The sl aves are li able to . livere d of a child ; an d in abo u t thre e weeks alter
be c alled u pon at al l times b y those who h ave ,
this she appe ared to be deran ged S he wo u l d
,
.

authority over them . le ave her work go into the woods an d em g , ,

 P erson al N arratives— A C l e rgy man .

tenin g his f eet an d h an ds to the tre es h avin g are cold the ir f eet w ill be frozen for if they m ak e , ,

previou sly m ade him t ake off al l his clothin g ex a fire they m ay be dis covered an d be shot at ,
.

cept his tro wsers When he had s uffi ciently se I f they attempt to le ave the co u ntry the ir ch anc e
.
, ,

c u red this poor cre at ure he be at him for sever al of s uccess is abou t nothin g They m u st ret urn
, .
,

m in u tes with a green switch more th an si x feet be whippe d— if ol d o ff enders we ar the coll ar p er , ,

lon g ; while he was writhin g wit h an gu ish en h aps be b ran de d an d f are worse th an be fore , , .

d e avorin g i n v ain to bre ak the cords with which Do y ou believe it sir not six m onths sin ce I , , ,

hewas bo u nd an d incess antly cryin g ou t “

L ord saw a n umber of m y C hristian nei ghbors p ackin g
, , ,

m aster 1 do p ardon m e this tim e ! do m aster up prov isions as I s upp osed for a deer h unt b u t , , ,

h ave m erc y These e xpressions h ave re c urred as I was abou t o ff erin g mysel f to the p arty I ,

to m e a tho u s and times since an d although they le arned th at their powder an d b alls were destine d
c ame f ro m on e th at is n ot considered am on g the to a very di ff erent p urpose i t was in short the , ,

sons of m en ye t I think the y are well worthy of desi gn of the p arty to brin g hom e a n umbe r of
,

rem embr an ce as they m i ght l e ad a wise m an to run away slaves or to shoot them if they shou ld
, ,
,

c onsider whether such sh all receive m ercy f rom n ot b e ab le to ge t possession of them in an y other
the ri ghteou s J u d ge as never showe d m ercy to way , .

their f ellow m en . Y ou will ask Is n ot this m u rder ? C all it sir , , ,

“
At len gth I arrive d at the d wellin g of a pl anter b y what n ame y ou ple ase s u ch are the facts ,

o f my acq uaint ance with whom I p assed th e m any are shot every ye ar an d th at too while the
, ,

ni ght At abou t ei ght o clock in the evenin g I m asters say they tre at their sl ave s well
.
’
.

h e ard the b arkin g of sever al do gs m in gle d wit h B ut let m e t urn yo u r atte n tion to another sp e
'

the most agonizin g c rie s th at I ever he ard f rom cies of cru elty Abo ut a ye ar si n ce I kne w a cer
'

an h u m an bein g Soo n af ter the gentlem an tain sl ave who had dese r ted his m aster to be
y .
,

c ame i n an d b e gan to apolo gize by s ayin g th at c aught an d for the first time f astene d to the
, , ,

two o f his r u n aw ay sl aves had j u st been bro u ght stocks I n those s ame stocks f rom which at mid .
,
.

home an d as he had previ ou sly tried every sp e ni ght I h ave he ard cries of distress whil e the ,

c ies of p u nishment upon them witho ut e ff ect he m aster slept an d was dr e ami n g perh aps of drin k , , , ,

knew n ot wh at else to add e xcept to set his blood in g wine an d of disc ussin g the price of cotton
,
.

ho u nds u pon them An d con tin ued he o n e O n the next m orn in g he was ch ained in an im
.
‘
,
’
,
‘

o f them has been so b adly bitten th at he has bee n

'

movable post ure an d br ande d in both cheeks wi th ,

tryin g to di e I am only sorry th at he did not ; red hot st amps of iron S uc h are the tender mer
. .

f or then I sho uld not h ave been f urther tro uble d cies of me n who love we alth an d are dete rm ine d ,

with him If he lives I intend to sen d him to to o b tain it at an y p ric e

. .

N atc hez or to N ewO rl eans , to W ork with the b al l S uff er me to add another to the list of enorm i
an d ch ain ties an d I will not o ff end y o u with m ore
’
.
.
,

From this l ast rem ark I understood th at private There was some time since bro ught to tri al in , ,

i ndivi d ua ls h ave the ri ght of th us su bj ectin g their this town a pl anter residin g about fi fteen m iles
u nm an age able sl aves I have sin c e see n n um distan t for whippin g his sl ave to de ath You
.
,
.

b ers of these b all an d ch ain men both in N at wi l l s uppose of co u rse th at b e was p u nished ’
,
.
, ,
.

chez an d N ew O rle ans b u t I do n ot know whe N o sir he was a cquitted altho ugh there could
,
.
, , ,
‘

ther there were an y am on g them e xcep t the state be no do ubt of the fact I he ar d the t ale o f m ur .

c on victs . derf rc m a m an who was acq uainted with al l the

As the summer was dr awin g tow ards a close circ u mstances I was s aid he p assin g alon g , .
,
’

an d the yellow f ever be innin

g g to prev ail in town the ro ad ne ar the b uryin g gro un d o f the pl anta ,
-

I wen t to reside som e m onths in the c ou ntry tion abou t nine o clock at ni gh t when I saw se .
,
’
,
.

This was the co tton pickin g se ason d u rin gwhich ver al li ghts gle amin g thro ugh the woods ; an d as , ,

the pl anters say the re is a gre ater n ecessi ty for I approached in order to se e wh at was doin g I
, , ,

lo ggin g th an at an y other time And I c an as beheld the coroner of N atchez with a n umber of .
,

s ure y ou th at as I h ave sat i n m y w indow ni ght men standin g arou nd the body of a yo un gfem ale
, , ,

a fter ni ht while the cotton was bein g wei ghed which by the torches seemed almost p er fectly
g , ,

I h ave he ard the cr ack o f the w hip witho u t m u ch white O n inq uiry I le arned th at the m aster had ,
.

interm ission f or a whole ho u r f rom n o less th an so unmerci fully be aten this girl th at she died un
, ,

three pl ant ations some of which were a f ull mile der the oper ation an d th at also he had so severe
,
.

dist ant . l y p u nishe d an other of his sl aves th at he was b ut

I fo u nd th at the sl aves were k ept in the field j u st alive ’
.

f rom d ayli ght u ntil d ark ; an d then if they had ,

We here rest the c ase f or the present s o far as
n ot
gathered wh at the m aster Or overseer tho ght u ,

s uffi cient ; they were s ubjected to the l ash respects the present ation of facts showin g the con .

M any by s u ch tre atment are ind uc ed to run dition of the sl aves an d procee d to consider the ,

aw ay an d t ake up their lo d in g in the woods

g I m ain obj ections w hich are u s ually employe d to .

d o not say th at al l who ru n aw ay are th u s closely

‘

weak en s uch testimony or who l ly to set it aside

pressed b ut I do know th at m any are ; an d I h ave
.
,
,
B u t be fore we enter u pon the ex am in ation o f sp e
known no less th an a dozen desert at a tim e f rom
the sam e pl ant ation in conseq u ence of the over c ific obj ections an d in trod uctory to them we re
, , ,
.

s eer s f orcin
g them to work to the e xtent of their mark
’
,

power an d then whippin g them for n ot h avin g

,
1 Th at the system of sl avery m u st be a sys .

d one more .

— tem o f horrible cr u elty f ollows o f necessi ty f rom

B ut s uppo se th at they run aw ay wh at i s to , ,

become of them in the f orest ? I f they c annot the fact th at two millions seven h u ndred tho u san d
un ger—if the ni ht s h um an b ein gs are hel d by f orce an d u se d as arti
ste al they m ust perish o f
h g ,
 P erson al N arratives— Re mark s

cles of property N othin g b ut a he avy yoke an d . , com e to the t ab les of thei r employers ; yet they
an iron one co ul d possibly keep so m any necks in
,
h ave the const ant con trol of al l the h u m an c attle
the d u st Th at m ust be a constant an d mighty
.
th at belon g to the m aster .

These men are continu ally advancing from

press u re which holds so still su ch a v ast army ; their low st ation to the hi gher one of m asters
'

nothin g cou ld d o it b u t the d aily experience of se These ch an ges brin g into the possession of po wer
veri ties an d the ce aseless dre ad an d cert ainty of
, a cl ass of m en of whos e m e n t al an d moral qu ali

t he most terri b le in fl ic tio n s if they sho uld d are to ties I h ave a lre ady spoken
tuss in their ch ains Rev HO RA C E M O U LT ON
.
M rlboro M assa .
, of a
’
,
.

2 Were there nothin g else to prove it a system c hus e tts who lived i n Geor i a sever al y ears s ays
g
.
, ,

o f monstro us cru elty the f ac t th at FEAR is theof them ,

,

only motive with whi ch the sl ave is plie d d urin g The o verse ers are gen eral l y l oose in their mo
his whole e xistence wo u ld b e s ufficient to bran d
ral s ; it is the obj ect of m asters to em ploy those
,

i t Wi th execration as the grand torm entor of m an W h om they think will e t the most work o u t of
g .

The slave s suscep tibil ity of p ain is the sole ful

’ their h ands hence those who whip an d tar ,
.

m en t the sl aves the m ost are in m any inst ances

er um on w hich sl avery works the lever th at m oves
c alle d the b est overseers The m asters think .

him In this it pl ants al l its stin gs here it sinks

.
those whom the sl aves fe ar the m ost are the best .

its hot iron s ; c u ts its deep gashes ; fl in gs its b urnQ u i te a portion of the m asters employ their own
in g embers an d d ashes its b oilin g brine an d liqui d
,
sl ave s as overseers or rather they are c alle d ,

fire into this i t strikes its cold flesh hooks grap drivers these are more s ubj ect to the will of ,
the m asters th an the white overseers are ; some
glin g irons an d instru m en ts of n am eless tort ure ;
,
of them are as lordly as an Austri an prin ce an d ,
an d by i t dr a s him shriekin
g g to the en d o f his
sometim es m ore cr uel even th an the whites ” .

p il grim age The fact th at the m aster inflicts

Th at the overseers are as a bo dy sens u al b ru
.

p ai n upon the sl ave not merely as an en d to grati;

.
, , ,

' tal an d viole n t men is p roverb ia l The tende r , .

f y p assion b ut const antly as a m e an s of extortin g

,
m ercies of s uch men m u st b e cru el .

l abor is eno ugh of itsel f to show th at the system

4 T he own ership o f h uman bein gs necess arily
,
.

of sl avery is unmixed cru elty .

pres upposes an u tter disre gard of their h appiness .

3 Th at the sl aves m u st s uff er freq u ent an d

He who assumes it m onopolizes their whol e c ap i
.

.
'

terrible in fl ic tion s f ollows inevit ably f rom the ,

tal le aves them n o stock on which to tr ade an d
c harac te r o those w
, ,

f ho d ire c t their l ab or Wh at ,

ou t of which to m ak eh ap p in e ss
.

Whatever is the
.

ever m ay be the ch ar acter of the slaveholders them

m ast er s gain is the sl ave s l e ss a loss wrested ’ ’
,
selves al l agree th at the overs eers are as a cl ass
from him by the m aster f or the expres s p urpo se
, , ,

m ost ab andoned bru tal an d desper ate men This ,

,
o f m akin g it his o
,
wn gain ; this is the m aster s
.
’

is so well k nown an d b e l ieve d th at an y testimony

const ant empl oymen t f orcing the sl ave to toil
to prove it seem s needl ess The testimony of .

violently wrin gin g f rom h im al l he has an d al l he

M r ‘V m r l ate A tto rney Gener al of the Un ited
'

s his o w n — like the vile bird

.
,

ets an d u sin it a
States , a Vir gini an an d a sl aveholder is as fol g g ,

th at never bu ilds its nest f ro m materi al s of its own

,

low s I n his li fe of P atrick Henry p 3 6 spe ak

.
, .
,
.

a ther in b u t either drives other birds f rom theirs

in g of the di ff erent cl asses of society i n Vir ini a g g ,
g ,
an d t akes p o ssession of them or te ars them i n
'

,
he s ays L ast an d lowest a f e c ul um of b e rn gs
, ,
‘

pie ces to get the m e ans of con str u ctin g the ir own
c alled overseers — the fuest abj ec t degrade d n u
.
’
, ,
This d aily pr actice of forcibly rob bin g others an d
p rin c ip l e d race alw ays c ap in h and to the dons
,

,
h abit ually livin g on the pl u nder c annot b u t he
who e mploy them an d f urnishin g m ateri als for
.
,
,
e t in the m ind the ha b it of re gardin g the interests
the exercise of their p ride in sol en c e an d sp irit ofg ,
an d h appiness of those whom it rob s as of n o sort
,
”
dom in ation ,

of conseq u ence i n comp arison with its o w

.

n ; c on
Rev P H IN EA S S M ITH of C entrevill e ,N e wYork
.
,
-
,
seq u ently whenever the se interests an d this hap
who has reside d so me ye ars at the sou th s ays of
.

n e ss are in the w ay of its o w

,

overseer s p i n g r atific ation they ,

It need h ardly be added th at overseers are in will be s acrificed witho u t scruple He who c an . .

not see this wo u ld b e u n a b le to f eel it if it were

gener l i gnor ant , un p ri c p l ed an d cru e l an d in
a i
n ,
,

such l owrep ute tha t they are n ot per mitt ed to see n .

 O B J E C T I O N S C O N S I DE R E D .

Omm xon I — SUCH C RU E L TI ES

. A RE I N CR E D I B L E .

T enormities inflicte d b y slavehol ders u pon

HE n ames which th ey c all the mare the s ame an d sim i .

the i rslaves will never be discred i ted e xcept by il ar to those given to their horses an d oxen Th e .

those who overlook the simple fac t that he who , l aws of sl ave s tates m ak e them property equally ,

h olds h u m an bein gs as his bon a fide property re ,

wi th go ats an d swine they are levied upon f ordebt
g ar d s them a s property an d n o t as
p erson s this ,
in the s ame way ; they are in cl ude d in the sam e
is his perm anent state o f m ind t ow ard them He . advertisements O f p u blic s ales wi th c attle swine
, ,

d oes not contempl ate sl aves as h um an b ein gs con ,

. an d asse s ; when moved f rom o n e p art o f the

seq uently does not treat them as s u ch ; an d with '

c ou ntry to another they are herded in droves like

,

entire indi ff eren ce sees them s u ff er priv ations an d c attle an d like the m u rged on by drivers ; their
,

writhe u nder blows which if inflicte d u po n , , l abor is com pelle d in the s ame way They are .

whites wo ul d fill him with horror an d indi gn a

,
bou ght an d sold an d sep arate d like c attle : when
,

tion He re gards th at as good tre atm en t of

. expose d for sale their good q ualities are descri b ed
,

as oc k ie s show off the

slaves which wo uld seem to him ins uff erable
, j good points of their horses ;
ab use if pr actice d U pon others ; an d w o uld de their stren gth activity skill power of end ur ance
-

, , , ,

& c are l au ded — an d those who b id upon them

‘

nounce th at as a m onstro us ou tr age an d horrible .

,

cr uelty if p e rp re tate d u pon white men an d wo

,
s ex am ine their persons j u st as p urch asers inspect ,

m en which he se es every day m ete d out to bl ack

, horses an d oxen ; they O p en the ir mo uths to see ‘

sl aves witho u t perh aps ever thinkin g it cr uel

, . if their teeth are so u nd ; s trip their b acks to se e if
Acc u stome d al l his li fe to re gar d them r ather as they are b adly sca rred an d h andle the ir l im b s ,

domestic anim als to he ar them stormed at an d to ,

an d m u scles to see if they are firmly kn it L ike .

se e the m c uff ed an d c ane d an d bein horses they are w arr ante d to be so und ” or to b e
g himsel f in , ,

the const ant h abit O f tre atin g them th u s s uch ,

ret urned to the owner if unsoun d ” A father .

pr actices h ave become to him a m ere matter of gives his son a horse an d a sl ave ; by his will he
cou rse an d m ake no impression on his m ind
, .
distrib u tes am on g them his r ace horses ho unds -
, ,

T r ue it is incredible th at men sho uld tre at as

, game cocks an d sl ave s
-
, W e le ave the re ader to .

c ha ttel s those whom they tr uly re ard as hu m an

g c arry out the p ar allel which we h ave only b e gu n .

b ein gs ; b ut th at they sh o uld tre at as ch attels an d Its det ails wo u l d cover m any p ages .

workin g anim als those whom they regard as s uch Th at sl av eholders do not pr actic ally re gard
is no m arvel The com m on tre atm ent of dogs .
,
sl aves as hum an b ein gs is ab und antly shown b y
when they are i n the way is to kick them out of ,
their own vol un tary testimony In a recent work .

it ; we see them every day kicked off the side enti tled The Sou th vindic ate d from the Tre ason
,

w alks an d out of shops an d on S ab b aths ou t o f ’

an d F an ati cism of N orthern Abolitionists ” w h ich ,
, ,

ch u rches —ye t as they are b ut dogs, these d o n ot

, ,
was written we are in formed by Colonel D ayton
, , ,

strike u s as outr ages ; yet if We Were to see m en , ,

l ate m ember of C on gre ss from S o uth C arolin a ;
wom en an d children—our neighbors an d friends
, ,
t he writer spe akin g O f the awe with which the
,

kicked out O f stores by merch ants Or out O f ,

sl aves re gard the whites s ays ,

ch u rches b y the de acons an d sexton we sho u ld ,

“
The northerner looks u pon a b and Of ne gro es
u pon so m any m en b ut the pl anter or so u thern
c all the perpetrators i nh u m an wretches ,

v iew
”
'

s them in a ver d ifl ere n t l ight

.

We h ave s aid th at sl aveholders re gard their y .

slaves not as h um an b ein gs b ut as mere work in g ,

E xtract f rom the speech of M r S U MM ER S of .
,

an im als or merch andise ,

The whole voc ab u l ary . Virgini a in the le gisl ature of th at state J an 2 6
, , .
,

o f sl aveholders their l aws their u s a es an d their 1 8 32 S ee the Richmond Whi g

g . . .

, ,
,

entire tre atment of their slaves f ully est ab li sh this .

Wh en in the sublime lessons of Christi anity
, ,

T he s ame terms are applied to sl aves th at are he ( the sl aveholder) is t au gh t to do unto others
iven to c attle T hey c lled “ stock ” So
as he wo uld h ave others do unto him 11 8 N EVE R ,
’

g are a . .

DREA M S THAT THE DEGRADE D N EGR O 1 8 W I TH I N T H E

when the c hildren O f sl aves are Spo k en of pro PA L E O F THAT H OLY C A NON ” .

s e c tive l they are c alled their “

incre ase the
p y ,
P RE S I DE N T J EFFER S ON in his letter to GOVERN O R
s ame term th at is applied to floc k s an d herds So ,

C o ws of Illinois d ated A ug 2 5 1 81 4 asserts

.

the f em ale sl aves th at are mothers are c alle d , , , ,

.
,
,
” th at sl aveholders re gard their sl aves as b rutes in
“
breeders till p ast child b e arin g ; an d o ften the ,

the followin g rem ark able l an guage .

s am e terms are applied to the di ff erent sexes th at

N urse d an d ed uc ated in the d aily h ab it of see
are applied to the m ales an d fem ales amon
.

g c at .

in g the de graded c ondition bo th bo dily an d m en , .

tle Those who com pel the l abor of sl aves an d

.
tal of these u n f ort un ate bein gs [ the sl aves ] F EW
, ,
c attle h ave the s ame appella tion “ d rive rs z” the M I N D S HAV E rEr DO UB T E D B UT T HAT T HEY w armas
'
,
 Obj ection s C on s idered— C rue l tie s In c re dibl e .

sl ave m ore circ umspect in f u tu re b ut to su stain ,

wo u ld c hariab l ty hope there are som e) I fe ar the
gen e r al i ty o f y ou th at o wn n e groe s are l iab l e to
'

his au thority over the other sl aves to restrain , ,

”
su c h a c har e
them from lik e pr actices an d to preserve his ,
g .

ow n property . Mr R I C E , . of Kent u cky in his speech in the

A m ultit ude of f acts ill ustr atin g the position ,

Conven tion th at f orme d the Constit ution o f th at
th at Sl avehol ders tre at their S l aves worse th an st ate in 1 790 says , ,

they do their c attle will occ u r to al l who are ,

He [ the sl ave ] is a r ation al cre at ure red u ced ,

famili ar with sl avery When c attle b re ak thro u gh .

by the power of le gisl ation to the state of a b r u te ,

an d thereby deprived of every privile e O f hu

their owners inclos ures an d e séap e if fo und they
’
, ,
g
m a nity The br ute m ay ste al or rob to
.

are driven b ack an d f astened in a gai n an d even

,

s u pply his h u n ger ; b u t the sl ave tho ugh in the ,

‘

sl aveholders wo ul d e xe c rate as a wretch the ’

, most st arvin g condition dare n ot do either on , .

'

m an who sho u ld tie them up an d br uise an d l a en al t of death or som e severe i hm ”

‘

, p y p u n s en t , .

cer ate them for strayin g aw ay ; b ut when sl aves

Rev HO RA C E M O ULT ON a m inister o f the M c
.
,
th at h ave esc ape d are c aught they are flo gged -

,
thodist Episcop al Ch urch i n M arlboro ugh , ,
with the most terrible severity When h erds of
M ass who live d som e ye ars in Geor gi a s ays
.

.
,
c attle are drive n to m arket they are suff ered to ,
The so uthern horses an d dogs h ave enou gh
go in the easie st way e ach b y himsel f ; b ut whe n , to e at an d good c are is t aken of them ; b ut so uth
.
,

slaves are driven to m arket they are fastened , ern n egroes— who c an describe their m isery an d .

to gether with handc uff s galle d by iron coll ars , their wretchedness their n aked n ess an d the ir ,

an d ch ains an d th u s forced to tr avel on f oot

‘

cr uel sco ur gin gs ? N one b ut G od Sho ul d we .

,

h u ndreds of miles sleepin g at ni ght in the ir whip ou r horses as they W hip the ir slaves even ,
,
f or sm all o ff ences we sho u ld expose o u rselves to ,
c h ains Sheep an d sometimes horne d c attle are the p en alty of the l aw ”

m arked with their owners in iti als—b ut this i s

.
,
'
.
’

Rev P HI N EA S S MITH , Cen treville Alle gany

gener ally done with p aint an d of C o u rse p ro
.
,
,

d uces n o p ain Sl aves too are o f ten m arked co u nty N ew York who has resid e d fo ur ye ars
, ,
.
, ,

with the i r owners initi als b u t the letters are

’ in th e m idst of so u thern sl avery
,

st ampe d into their flesh with a hot iron C attle .

Avarice an d cr uelty are twin sisters ; an d I
do not hes itate to decl are be fore the world as my ,
are s uff ere d to gr aze their p ast ures wi tho u t stin t ;
‘ .

deliber ate Op inion th at there is l ess c omp assion ,

b ut the sl aves are restr ain e d in their fo o d to a .
for workin g sl ave s at th e so uth th an for workin g ,
”
fixe d allow ance The sl aveholders horse s are .
’
oxen at the north .

notoriou sl y far bet ter fe df m ore moder ately work S TE PHE N S E W A LL Esq Winthrop M aine a .
, , ,
e d h ave f ewer ho urs of l abor an d lon ger inter
, ,
m ember O f the C on gre gation al Ch urch an d l ate ,
v als of res t th an their sl aves an d the ir v al uable agent O f the Winthrop M an fac turin
g Comp an y ,
horses are far m ore com f ort ab ly ho used an d who resided five ye ars in Al ab am a s ay s ,
lod ged an d their st ables more e ff ct ually de fend
,
e

I do no t think th at br utes not even hors es , ,

ed f rom the we ather th an the sl aves h uts We ’
.
are tre ate d with so m u c h cru el t as Am eric an
,
y .

h ave here merely b egan a comp arison which the , sl aves ” .

re ader c an e asily c arry out at len gth f rom the the precedin g consi derations are insufficie nt ,
If
m ateri als f ur nished in t his wOrk
w
to rem ove incred ulity respectin g the cr ueltie s
.

We will ho ever s ubj oin a f ewtestimonies of

, ,
suff ere d b y S l aves an d if n orthern o bj ectors st i l l
’

sl avehol ders an d others who h ave reside d i n

,

,
sa
y We mi gh t believe s uch thin gs of s avages , ,

sl ave st ates e xpressly assertin g th at sl ave s are

,
b ut th at civilize d m en an d rep ublic ans in this
tre ate d worse than bru tes
, ,

Christi an cou ntry c an openly an d b y system per

.

H
The l ate Dr G E O RGE B U A N A N
C o f Ba ltimore p e tra te s u ch e normities is im possible — to s uch ,
. , ,

M aryl and a memb er of the Americ an Philosoph we reply th at this incred ulity of the people O f
,
.
,

ic al S ociety in an or atio n delivere d in B altimore the f ree st ates is not onl y discre dit able to their
’

,
, ,

J uly 4 1 7 91 p age 1 0 says

, ,
i ntelli gence ; b ut to their con sistenc y
,
.
.

The A fric ans whom y ou despise wh om y ou Who is SO i gnor ant as not to know or so in ,
'

m ore in hum an l y trea t than bru tes are equ all y cred ulo u s as to disbelieve th at the e arly B aptists , ,
”
c ap able of im provement with yo r elves
u s of N e w E n l and were fine d i mprison e d sc ourg
g
. .
, ,

cd an d fin ally b anishe d by our p urita n fore

'

The Rev G E O RGE W III T EF I E LD i n his cele

.
.

.
,
,

f athers — an d th at the Q u ak efs were confine d in

b rate d letter to the sl aveholders of M aryl and ,
d un eons p u b licly whipped at the c art t ail
g had -

V ir gini a N orth an d So uth C arolin a an d Georgi a

, , ,
.
'
,

their e ars e ut off cle f t sticks ut up on their

written on e h undred ye ars ago ( See B en c zet s p ,
’ ,

ton u es an d th at five of them f o ur m en an d o n e

C au tion to Gre at Brit ain an d her Colonies p age g ,
, ,

wom an were h u n g on Boston Comm on for p r o

s ays t , ,

a at in the sentim ents of the S ociety o f F riends 7

S ure I am it is sin ful to use them a s b ad p g
,
g ,

n a
y worse th an if they were br utes ; an d wh at W ho di s credits the fact th at the civil au thorities ,
'

e ver p artic ul ar ex c ep tion s there m ay b e ( as I in Massach use tts l e ss th an a h undred an d fi fty , ,

 j
Ob ection s Con sidered— C rue l ties In c re dibl e .
1 13

ea rs a o c onfined in the p u blic j a il a little girl tort ure d broke n on the wheel an d b u rned to
y g ,
, ,

of f o ur ye ars o l d an d p u blicly h u n g the Rev M r ,

. . de ath thous ands of Protestants— th at ei ghty thou
B urro ughs an d e i ghteen other persons m ostly
, ,
sand of the An abaptists were sl aughtere d in Ger
women an d kille d another ( Gil es Corey ) by ex
, , ,
m any— th at h undreds of tho us ands of the blam e
tendin g him U pon his b ack an d pil in g wei ghts ,
less Waldenses H u gu enots an d Lol l ards we re
, b

upon his bre ast till he w as cr u shed to de ath — an d torn in pieces by the mos t title d di gnit aries o f
*

this for no other re ason th an th at these men an d c hu rch an d st ate an d th at al m ost ever y p rof essed
,

women an d this little c hil d were acc u se d by l y C hristian sec t has at som e p eriod of i ts history
, , ,
, ,

others o f b ewitc hin g the m . p ersec u te d u n to b l ood t hos e who dissented f rom
E ve n the c hil dre n in Conn ectic u t know th at ,
their creed They c an b elieve also th at in B os
. ,
, ,

t he f o l lowin gwas once a l awo f th a t state ton N e w York Ut ic a Ph il adelphi a Cincinn ati
, , , , ,

N o f ood o r lod gin g sh all be allo wed to a

Alton an d in scores o f other cities an d vil lages
,

Q uaker I f a n y person t u rn s Q uaker he sh all

. ,
of the f ree s t ates
gentlemen o f proper ty an d ‘
,

be b anished a nd n ot be s uff ered to return on p ai n

,
st andin g l e d on b y c ivil ofli c ers by m embers
,
’
,

o f de ath of state le isl at ures an d of C on ress by j u d ges

g g
.
, ,

T hese obj ectors c an readily believe the f act , an d attorneys

gener al by editors o f n e wsp a
-
,

th at in the city of N e wYork less th an a h u ndred , pers an d b y pro fesse d m iniste rs of the gospel
, ,

e ars sin ce thirteen p ersons we re p u blicly b u rn h ave organized mobs b roken u p l aw f u l meetin gs
y , 1 ,

e d to de ath over a slo wfire : an d th at the le gis

,
of e ac e ab l e cit izens committed ass au lt an d hat
p ,

l ature of the s ame St ate took u nder its p atern al tery u pon their persons knocked them do wn wit h ,

c are the A fric an sl ave tr ade an d d ecl ared th at -

, s tones led them abo u t with ropes dr agged them
, ,

al l enco u r agem ent sho uld be given to the dire c t f rom their beds at mi dni ght gagge d an d f orced ,

import ation o f sl aves ; th at al l sm uggl in g o f them ; into vehicles an d drive n them into u n fre ,

sl av es shou ld be condemned as an em in en t d is ,
quen te d p l aces an d there torm ented an d dis ,
”
c oura em en t to t
g he
f ai t
r ra d e r .
figure d the m— th at they h av e rifle d their ho u ses ,

They do not c all in qu estion the fac t th at the m ade bonfires of their f urniture in the streets ,

Afric an sl ave trade was c arrie d on from the ports

-
b urned to the gro u n d or torn in pieces the h alls ,

o f the f ree st ates till with in thirty ye ars ; th at or ch u rches i n which they were assembled — at
r
e ven members o f the Society o f Friends were t acke d them with de adly we ap ons st abbed some , ,

acti vely en gage d in it shortly be f ore the re vol u , shot o thers an d killed O N E The y c an belie ve al l .
,

tio n ary war ; 1 th at as l ate as 1 80 7 n o le ss th an this— an d further th at a m ajority of the citizens

’

,
,

fi fty nin e of the vessels en gage d in th at tr ade

-
, in the pl ace s wh ere the s e o u tr ages h ave bee n
were sent ou t f rom the little st ate of Rhode com m itte d conn ived at them ; an d by re fusin g
,

Isl and which had then only ab o u t seventy thou

, to indi ct the perpetrators or if they were in , ,

s and inh abit ants ; th at amon g those most l argely dic ted b y c ombin in g to sec ure their a cqu ittal
, .

en gage d in those f o ul crime s are the m en whom -

, an d rej oicin g in it h ave p u blicly adopted these ,

the people of Rhode I sl an d deli ght to honor : th at felonies as their own A ll these thin gs they c an .

the m an who dipped most deeply i n th at tr ade of believe withou t hesit ation an d th at they have ,

blood ( Jam es D e W ol f ) an d am assed a most even b een done by their own acqu aint ances
i

.
,
,

prin cely f ortu n e b y it was n ot lon g since their , nei ghbors re l ativ es ; perh aps those with when
,

senator i n Con gress an d another who was c ap , they interch an ge co urtesies those f or whom they
'

tain of o n e o f his vessels was recently L ie uten ant , vote or to whose sal aries they c on tribu te—b ut
,

G overnor of the st ate .

yet Oh ! they c an never believe th a t sl aveholde rs
,

They c an believe too all the horrors of the , , inflict cruelties upon their sl aves
mid dle p ass age the ch ains su ff oc ation , m aim . , They c an give ful l credence to the kidn ap pin g ,

in gs str an glin gs st arv ation drown in gs an d cold

, , , , imprisonme nt an d deliber ate m urder of VVI LLJAM
,

bloode d m u rders atrocities perpetr ated on board , M O RGA N an d that b y m en O f hi gh standin g in

,

these sl ave ship s by their own citizens perh aps

‘
-
, society ; they c an believe th at this de ed was
by their o wn townsm en an d nei ghbors— possibly aided an d abetted an d the m urd erers screened ,

by the ir own f athers b ut oh they c an t bel ieve ’

f rom j ustice by a l ar ge n umber of in fl uenti al per
, .

th at the sl av e holders c an be so h ard he arted to -

sons who we re virtually accomplices ei th e r b e ,
,
w ards the ir sl aves as to tre at them with gre at
’

f ore or af ter thefac t an d th at this combin ation

cr u elty They c an bel ieve th at His Holiness the was so e ff ectual as suc cess fully to de fy an d tri
’
.
,

Pope with his c ardin als bishops an d priests h ave umph over the combine d powe rs of the
govern
, , ,

"
7
J udge S ew all , of Mass in his d i ary
.
, d escrib in g this ment —yet th at those who constantly rob m en '

hon ib l e sc en e , say s that when t he ton gue o f the p oor suf o f their tim e liberty an d w ages an d al l their
-

, , ,

f e re r had , in the extre m ity of his dy in g agon y , p rotru ded r ights sho uld rob them of bits o f flesh an d oc
, ,
f rom his m outh, a p erson in atten dan ce took his c an e an d
c asion al l y of a tooth m ake their b acks bleed an d
r
th ust it b ac k in t his m ou h o t , ,

ravels of J ohn
.

7 S e e L ife an d T W ool m an , p age 92 .

p u t fetters on the ir le gs is too mons tro us to b e ,

8
 O bjection s C on sidered— C rue l ties In c re dib l e .

cre dited ! F urthe rth ese sam e persons who ‘ c an t ,

’ ’
c n t believe th at slaveholders do s u ch thin gs ’
a
,

believe th at sl aveholders are so iron he arte d as

’
-
— an d yet when we t u rn to the tre atm en t which
to ill tre at their sl aves believe th a t the very
-
, these m en mete ou t to their sl aves an d show th at ,

e l ité o f these sl aveholders those m ost hi ghly e s , they are in the h abit ual pr actice of strikin g kick ,

teem ed an d honore d amon g them are contin u in g knockin down an d shootin them as well as
, ,
g g
ally d arin g e ach other to mort al conflict an d in , e ach other— the look of b l ank incred u lity th at .

the presence of m u tu al f riends t akin g de adly , comes over northern dough faces is a st u dy for -
,

aim at e ach other s he arts , wit h settled p urpose

’
- a p ainter : an d then the sentiment l o tcry with
a u ,

to k il l if possible Th at am on g the most dis

,
. , eyes an d h ands u pli f te d O h i ndeed I c an t b e ,
‘
, ,
’

tin gu ishe d governors of sl ave st ates amon g their , lieve the sl aveholders are so cr u el to their sl aves .
’

m ost celebr ated j ud ges sen ators an d represent a M ost ami able an d to u chin ch arity T r uly of
, ,
g ,

tive s in Con gress there i s h ardly on e who has , , al l Y ankee notions an d f ree s
ta te prod u cts ther e
,

,
not either killed or tried to kill or ai de d an d is nothin g like a doughf ac e — the gre at n orth
'

, , .

abett e d his f riends in tryin g to kill on e or more , ern st aple f or the so uthern m arket— m ade to ‘

individ uals Th at pistols dirks b owie knives or

. , , , order in an y quantity an d al way s on han d
,
’
, .

other instru ments of de ath are generall y c arried ‘

Do ugh f aces Th anks to a sl avehold er s c on ’

thro ugho u t the sl ave st ates —an d th a t de adly tempt for the n am e with its im mort alit o f tr uth
y ,
,
afl ray s with them , in the streets o f their ci ties
'

in famy an d sc orn *
'

an d vill ages are m atters o f d aily occ u rrence

, Tho ugh the people of the f ree states afle c t to '

th at the sons o f sl aveholders in sou thern colle ges , disbelieve the cru elties perpetrated u pon the
b ully thre ate n an d fire U pon their te achers an d
, , , sl aves y e t sl aveholders believe eac h other gui l ty
,

their te achers u pon them ; th at d u rin g the l ast of them an d spe ak of them with the u tmost f ree
,

s u mmer in the most celebr ated se at of science

, dom I f sl aveholders disbelieve an y s t atemen t
.

an d liter at ure in the so uth the University of Vir , of cr uelty inflicte d u on a sl ave it is not o
p n ao ,

gini a the pro fessors were att acked by m ore th an

, co unt of its en orm ity The tr aveler at the south .

se venty armed stu dents an d in the words of a , , will he ar in Del aw are an d in al l p arts o f M ary , .

Virgini a p aper were obli ged to conce al t hem

,
-

l an d an d Virgini a f rom the lips of sl aveholders , ,

selves from their fury also th at almost al l the s tatements of the most horrible cru elties sufl ere d by ’

riots an d violence th at occ u r in north ern col the sl a ves f arther so u th in the C arolin as an d G eor , .

le ges are prod uced by the t urb ulence an d l awless

,
gia ; when he finds himsel f i n those st ates he will
p assions of so u thern stu dents Th at suc h are
.
;
he ar sim il ar acco u nts abou t the tre atm ent of the
the f uriou s p ass ions of sl aveholders n o c onside , sl aves in F l orida an d L ouisian a ; an d in M isso u
r ations of person al respect none for the proprie , ri Ke nt u cky , an d Tennessee he wi ll he ar of the
,

ties of lif e none for the honor of our n ation al

, tragedies en acte d on the pl ant a tions i n A rk ansas ,
le gisl at u re none for the ch ar acter of our cou ntry
, Alab am a an d M ississippi S in ce A nti Sl avery .
'
-

ab ro ad c an restr ain the sl aveholdin

, g mem b ers of S ocieties h ave b e en in operation an d sl aveholders ,

Con gress fro m the most disgr ace f u l person al en h ave f ou nd them selve s on tri al be f ore the world ,
co unters on the floor of our n ation s le gislatu re ’
an d p ut u pon the ir good beh avior northern ,

sm itin
g their fists in e ac h other s faces throttlin g sl avehold ers h ave grown c au tio u s an d n ow o fte n
’
, ,
,

an d even k ic k in g a n d tryin g to gauge e ach other s ubstit u te deni als an d set de fences f or the vol un ,
— th at e ven d urin g the session of the Con gress tary testimony ab o u t cru elty in the f ar sou th ,

j u st close d n o l ess th an si x sl aveholders takin g

, , which b e fore th at period was given with entire
, ,

fire at words spoken in deb ate h ave ei ther r u shed , f reedom Still however occ asion ally the tr u th
.
, ,

at e ach other s th r oats or k icked ors tru c k or

’
, , , will out as the re ader will see b y-tj e f oll owin g
,
’
‘

attempted to k nock e ach o ther down an d th at testimony of an E ast Tennessee newsp aper in ,

in all the se inst ances they wo ul d do ubtless h ave , which spe akin g of the droves of sl aves taken
,

k illed each other if thei r f riends had not sep ar at ,

.
from the u pper co un try to Al ab am a, M ississippi ,

ed them F urther they k n ow f ul l well these

.
,
.
, L ou isi an a & c , the editor s ays they are trave l
, .
,

were n ot insi gnific ant v ul gar bl ack gu ards elec t , ,

.
in g to a re gion where their con dition thro u gh tim e
ed bec au se they were the he ad b ullies an d bottle W I L L BE S E C ON D ONLY ro THAT o r rn s wa s rc n s n ' '

holders i n a boxin g rin g or bec au se their consti C R E A T UR E S I N HE LL See M aryville I n tel l i ’

, . .

tu en ts wen t dr u nk to the b allot b ox ; b ut they O c t 4 1 83 5 Dist ant cr uelties an d

. .
,

were some of the m ost conspi c uo u s members of

’

cr uelties l on g p ast h ave been till recently favor ,

.

the Hou se —on e of them a form er spe aker

,

.
ite topi cs with sl ave holders They h ave not only .

O ur newsp apers are f u ll of these an d s imil ar been re ady to ackn owled ge th at their f a thers
'

d aily occu rrences am on g sl aveholders copied ,

verb atim f rom their own acco unts of them in

“
D 0 "f ace, ” W hich “ we“ “9
p atern ity to Jon " Ra“
l
do p h, age has m el low ed in to
“
dough f ac e"—a cog
the i r own p apers an d al l th i s we f ul l y cre d i t
‘
'

n om en quite as exp ressive an d ap p rop ri ate , if n ot as c lass

, ,

n o m an is sim ple ton eno ugh to cry out Oh I , , ic al

 O bj ection s C on sideFed— C rue l tie s In c re dibl e .

T he possession of power even when gre atly re ten acity as well as by al l their doin gs an d ,
.
, .

stra ined is s u ch a fiery stim ul ant th at its lod ge

,
s ayin gs their thre ats c ursings an d gn ashin gs , , ,

a ainst al l w
‘

m ent in h um an h ands is always perilo u s Give ho de n o un c e the exercise o f s uc h

'

g .

men the h andlin gof immense su ms of m oney an d power as u s u rp ation an d o u tr age an d c ou nse l its ,
,

al l the eyes of Ar u s an d the h ands o f Bri are u s immedi ate ab ro gation

g .

c an h ardly prevent embezzlement From the n ature of the c as e —from the l aws of .

The m utual an d ce aseless ac c us ations of the .

mind s uch power so intensely desired griped , , ,

two gre at politic al p arties in this co untry sho w with su ch a de ath c l utc h an d with s u ch fierce , .
,

the u niversal belie f th at this ten dency o f h u m a n sp urnings of al l c urtailment or r estraint c an n ot b u t ,

n at ure to abuse power is s o stron g th at even the b e ab used Pr iv ations an d in fl ic tion s m u st be its
, , .

most power f ul le gal restraints are insu ffi cient for n at ur al h abitual prod u cts with ever an d anon , , ,
‘
its s afe c u stody From con gress an d st ate le gisla .te rror torture an d desp air let loose to do the ir .

, ,

t ures d own to grog S h e p c au c uses an d street worst u pon the helpless victims
- .
.

wran glings e ach p arty k eeps u p an ince ss ant din

, Tho ugh power over others is i n every c ase l ia
abo u t ab uses of p ow er H ardly an offi cer either ble to be u se d to the ir in j ury y e t i n al most al l '

. , , ,

o f the gener al orst ate governments f rom the c ases the s ubj ect individ ual is shielde d from gre at , ,

President down to the ten thous and postm asters o u trages by stron g saf e guards I f he h ave t alents , . ,

an d f rom governors to the fi f ty thou s and const a

'

or le arnin
g or we alth or ofli c e or p erson al re , , , ,
.

bles esc apes the c h arge of abuse of p ower

,
Op sp e c tab il it
y or infl uenti al friends these with the
‘
, , ,

pression Extortion Ven ality Bribery ’ ’

,
’
prote c tion of l aw an d the ri ghts of citizenshi p
,
’
, ,
'
,

‘Corr ption
u Perj ury M isr ule Spoils
,
’
De ,
’
st and rou nd him as a bo dy guard an d eve n if he
‘
,
’
,
’
.

f alc ation stan d o n every newsp aper

,
’
N owwi th l acked al l these yet had h e the s am e color fe a .
, , ,
.

o ut an estim ate o f the l ies told in these m u t ures f orm di alect h abits an d as soci ations with
y
tual ch ar ges there is tr uth enou gh to m
, , , ,

ake e ach the privile ged c aste of society he wo uld find in ,

,

p arty re ady to believe of the other an d of their them a shiel d f rom m an y inj uries whic h wo ul d b e , ,

b est m en too an y ab u se of power however mon

'

, in vite d if in these respects he d1fl e rc d widely , ,

stro u s As is the S t ate so is the Ch u rch From

. from the rest of the comm u nity an d was on th at
,
.
,

G ener al Con ferences to circ u it pre achers ; an d acco u nt re garde d with dis gu st an d aversion This .

f rom Gener al Assemblie s to ch urch sessions is the conditi on o f the sl ave not only is he ( is ,
.

ab u ses o f power sprin g U p as weeds f rom the p riv ed of the artifici al s af e gu ards of the l aw b ut ,

d un ghill . has none o f those n a tu ral s afe guards e n u m e .

All le gal restr aints are fr am e du p on the pre r ated abo ve which are a protection to others B ut .
,
.

su mption th at men will ab u se their power if not

,
n ot only is the sl ave destit u te o f those pec uli ari
hemmed m by them This lies at the bottom of ties h abits t ast es an d acqu isitions which by as
.
, , , ,

al l those checks an d b al ances contrive d f or k e ep sim il atin

g the pos sessor to the rest o f the c o m m u .

in g governments upon their centres I f there is n it

y exc ite their interest in him an d th u s in a .
, , ,

amon g h um an convictions on e th at is inv ari able me asur e sec ure for him their protection ; b ut he ,

an d u nivers al it is th at w hen men possess un re , possesses these pec u li arities of bodily or ganiz ation
,

s tr ained p ower over others over their time choice

'

which are looke d u pon with deep dis gu st co n , , , ,

.

conscience , persons vote s or me an s of s ub sist tempt prej ud ice an d aversion Besides this con
, , , , . ,
.

e nce they are u nder gre at tempt ations to abuse

, st ant c ont act with the i gnor ance an d st u pidi ty of
i t ; an d th at the intensity with which s u ch power the sl aves their filth r ags an d n akedness ; their , , ,

is desired generally me as ures the certainty an d

, cowerin g air se rvile e rhp l oy m en ts rep u lsive f ood , , , ,

the de gree o f its ab use an d squ alid hovels their p u rch ase an d s ale an d
.
, ,

Th at Americ an sl aveholders possess a p ower u se as br u tes — al l these ass oci a tions c onstantly ,

over their sl aves which is virtu ally absol u te none min glin g an d circ ul atin g in the minds of sl ave ,

will deny ! Th at the y desire this a ,

b so l ute p ow holders an d in ve te rate d by the h ou rly irrit ations ,

e r is shown f rom the f ac t o f their holdin g an d

,
which m u st ass ail al l who u se h um an bein gs as
exercisin g it an d m akin g l aws to con firm an d en ,
thin gs prod u ce in them a perm anen t state of feel ,

l ar ge i t T h at the desire to possess this p ower

. in g tow ard the sl ave m ade up o f rep ulsion an d , ,

every tittle of it is in ten se is prove d b y the fac t settled ill will When we add to this the corro
,, , ,
- . .

th at sl aveholders clin g to it with s u ch obst in ate sions pro duced b y the petty the f ts o f sl aves the ,

T he follo win gextrac ts from the l aws of sl ave states are necessity of const ant w atchin g their rel uct an t -
,

p roof s suffi c i en t .
service an d indi ff erence to their m aster s interests ’

T he sl ave is E NT I R E LY sub j ec t to the W IL L of his

, ,
“

m as te r
”—
L ou isian a C ivil C ode A rt 27 3
their ill conce aled ave rsio n to him an d sp u rnin g - _
,
.
, . .

S lave s shal l b e d ee m ed sold tak e n r ep ute d an d ad

“ of his au thority ; an d fin al ly th at f act as ol d as
, ,
, ,
,
j udged i n l aw to b e c hattel s p erso al in the han ds of their h um an n at ure th at men al W ay s h ate those whom
'

n ,
own e rs an d p ss esso rs an d the ix exec u tors ad m in istrato rs
,
o , ,

an d assign s ro L L I NT ENT S c o n sr au er r
, o n s A ND P UR
'
they oppress an d oppress those whom they h ate
A ,
' '
,

wn n so e v s a — L aws of S outh C arol in a 2 Brev th oppression an d h atred mu t ually be etti n an d

, ,
Pos -
tt s , .
, .

Di 229 P rin c e 8 Di est 44 6 a c

g .
;
' us
g ,
g
,
g .
 O bjection s C on sidered— C ruel tie s In c re dib l e . 1 17

p erpet u atin g e a ch o
ther — an d we h ave a ra in
g g are sl aveholders p ublished a report on sl avery in ,

c b m p o un d of fiery elem ents an d dist urb i n g forces , 1 834 f rom which the f ollowin g is an extra ct
, .

so stim u l atin g an d in fl am in
g the m ind o f the Those o n ly who h ave the m an agement of ser
slaveholder against the sl ave th at i t c an n ot b u t v ants kno w wh at the harde n in g ej ec t o f i t is
,

u pon their ow s tow

,

n f ee l in ards them There is

b rea k f orth up on him with d esol atin g f ury g .

no necessity to d well on this point as al l own ers

.
.

,
T o deny th at cr u elty is the spont aneo us an d an d m an agers fully u nderst and it H e who com .

uni form prod uct o f arbitr ary power an d th at the , menees to m an age them with tenderness an d with
n a t ur al an d co ntrollin g tendency o f su c h power is a willin nes s to f avor them in every way m u st be
g ,
'

to m ake its possessor cr u el , oppre ssive an d re ,

w atch f ul otherwise he will settle down in in d ifier
,

ven ge ful tow ards those who are su bj ecte d to his e n ce ,if n ot severity .

control is we repe at to se t at nought the com G E N E RA L W l xn H H An n r son n e w of O hio .

, ,
, , ,
'

b in od e xperience of the h u m an r ace to inv alid ate ,

son o f the l ate Governor H arrison of Virgini a a ,
'

its te stim ony an d to revers e i ts decisions f rom

,
sl aveholder while minister from the Uni ted S tate s
,

tim e immemori al .
to the Rep ublic o f Colombi a wrote a letter to ,

A vol u m e mi ght b e fille d with the testim ony General Sim on Bolivar then Presid ent of th at ,

of A m eric an sl aveholders alone to the tru th o f ,

Rep ublic j u st as he was abo ut ass umin g de Sp otic
,

the prece ding posi tion We s u bj oi n a fe w illu s . .

power The letter is d ated B o got a Sep t 22
.
,
.
,

T he f ol l o win g is an extr act

'

tration s an d first the memor able decl ar ation of

, ,
1 82 6 . .

President Je ff erson who lived an d die d a sl ave ,

Fro m a kn owled ge of yo ur own disposition
an d presen t f eelin s yo ur e xc e l l e n e
holder It has been p ublishe d a tho u s an d times g y will n o t be ,

willin g to believe th at y ou c o uld ever be brou gh t

.
,

N ”
an d will live f orever In his ote s on Vir ini
g a, to an ac t of tyr anny or even to exec u te j ustice
.

,
sixth Phil adelphi a e dition p 2 5 1 he s ays , .
, , with u nnece ss ary ri gor B u t tr ust m e sir there
is nothin g more corr up tin g nothin gmore destruo
. . .

T he W H O LE C O M M E RC E between m aster
,

I
tive of the n obl est an d fin est f e e l in gs of ou r n a
an d sl ave , is a P E RP E T UA L E X E RC I S E of tu re than the ex e rc ise of u n l im ite d p ower The
the most b oisterou s p assion s, the m ost u n re m it
.

m an who i n the be ginnin go f su ch a c areer m i ght

tin g DE SP O T IS M on the one p art , an d de gr ad , ,
'

sh udder at the ide a of t akin g aw ay the li fe of a

in g submission o n the other The p arent f e l low bein g mi ght soon h ave his conscience so
-
,
s torm s, the child looks on , c atches the line aments
se ared by the repetition o f crim e th at the agonie s
of w
,
ra th, p u ts on the same airs in the circle o f
o f his m u rdere d victims mi ht become m u sic to his
sm aller sl aves G I V E S L O O S E 1 T O T H E g
,
so u l an d the drippin gs of the sc aff old aff ord blood
,
W O RST O E PAS S I O N S ; an d th u s n urse d, ed to swim in History is f ul l of s uch excesses ”
. .

u c ate d , an d d a il y e x erc ise d i n ty ran n y , c annot

”
b ut be stamped y i wit h odio s p ec li r ities
b t u u a W I LL I A M H FI T Z HUG H E sq of Virgini a a sl ave .
,
.
,
l

Hon L EW I S S UMM ER S J ud ge of the Gener al holder says Sl avery in its mildest ferm is
,
, , , ,
.
,

Co u rt o f Vir gini a an d a sl aveholder s aid i n a cr uel an d u nn at ur al ; i ts in j uriou s a f ec te on our

,
'

moral s an d hab its are mu tual l y f e l t ”

,
'

s e e c h b e fo re the Vir ini a le isl at u re in 1 832 ;

.

p g g
( see Richmond W hi g of J an 2 6 Hon S amoan S N re n om s l ate J ud ge of the
.
'

, . .
,

A slave pop ul ation exercises the m ost p ern i C o urt of Appe als of Kent u cky an d a sl aveholder , ,

c iou s in fl u en c e u pon the m anners , h abits an e ha. in

’

a s p eech be f ore the le gisl at ure o f th at state ,

rac te r o f those a mon g whom it exists
,
L ispin g Jan 1 8 37 s ays ,
.
.
, ,
in fancy le arns the voc ab u l ary o f ab u sive epithets ,
The deliber ate convictions of the mos t m a
an d str u ts the em b ry o ty ran t o f its little dom ain
'

t u rod consider ation I c an give the sub j ee t are

The conscio u sness o f s uperior destiny t akes pos , ,

ses sion of his min d at its e arliest d awnin g an d

-
th at the instit u tion of sl avery is a m ost serious in
.
,

j ur
y to the hab its m an n ers a n d m oral s o f our
love o f power a n d r u le grows with his growth ,

u l ation — th at it le ads to sloth in dolence

, ,

an d stren gthens with his stren gth Unless en white pop ’ , ,

”
.

abled to rise above the oper ation of the se power f u l

dissip at ion an d vi ce , .

c au ses he e nters the world with m iser able n otions

, Dr T H O M A S C o ors n l ate President o f the C ol .
,

o f sel f import ance an d u nder the governm e nt o f

l ogo of So uth C arolin a in a note to his edition of
-
,
,
”
an u nbrid l ed temper ”
the Institu tes o J u stini n p age 4 1 3 s ays
.

f a “
, , ,

The l ate J UDG E T uc xs it of Vir gini a a sl ave All absol u te p ower has a direct ten dency n ot , ,
“

holder, an d Pro fessor o f Law in the University of only to detract f rom th e h appiness o f the persons
Willi am an d M ary i n his Letter to a M ember who are s ubj ect to it b ut to DEPRAV E ru e G OO D ,
,
”
1 8 0 1
Q UA LIT I E S of those who possess i t the whole
o f the Vir ini a L e gisl at u re says
0 0 0 0 0

g history of h u m an n atu re in the pre sent an d every

, , ,

I say noth in g o f the b ane f ul e ff ects of sl avery

f ormer age will j u sti fy me in s ayin g th a t su c h is ,
,

on o u r m ora l c haracte r bec au se I know y ou h ave

”
the te n den cy of p ow er o n the on e h a nd an d sl avery
,

been lon g sensi b le of this point on the other ” .

.

The Presbyteri an Syno d of so u th C arolin a an d A So uth C arolin a sl aveholder whose n am e is ,

Geor gi a consistin g o f al l the cler gy o f th at do with the exec u tive committee of the Am A S
,
- . . . .

nom in ation in those st ates with a l ay represent a Society s ays i n a letter d ated April 4 1 83 8
, , , , , _

tion from the ch urches m ost if n ot al l of whom I think it ( slavery ) ru in ous to the temp er an d
, ,
1 18 Obj ec tion s C on sidered— C rue l ties In c re dib l e .

to o ur spirit ual li fe it i s a thorn in the flesh for B ut we n eed not m ultiply proo fs to es tabl ish ,

e ver an d for ever go adin g u s on to say an d to do o ur position : i t is su st ained by the conc u rrent
wh at the E tern al God c annot b u t be disple ased testimony of s a es philosophers p oets statesmen
g , , , ,
with I spe ak from e xperience an d oh ! my de an
d m or alists i n every p eriod of the world an d
,
.

”
sire is to be delivere d from it .
,

who c an m arvel th at those in al l ages who h ave

M onsie u r C C RO B I N who was a resident of wi se ly pondere d men an d thin s sho uld be un ani
. .

g
,
,
L o uisi an a f rom 1 80 2 to 1 80 6 p ublishe d a work m o u s i n su ch testimony when the history of arbi
, .
,

o n th at co u ntry ; in which S pe akin g o f the e ff ec t

trary power has come down to us from the be gin
,

of sl aveholdin g on m asters an d the i r children he

nin g o f tim e str ugglin g throu gh he aps of sl ain ,
, ,
s ays an d tr ailin g her p a rc hments in blood .

The yo un g creoles m ake the ne groes who Tim e wo ul d f ail to be gin with the first despot
s urro un d them the pl ay thin gs o f their whims : -

an d tr ack down the c arn age ste p by ste p A ll

they fl og f or p astim e those of their own ago j ust
, , ,
.

n ations al l a es ail climes crowd f orw ard as wit;

as their f athers flo g the others at their will These g .
, ,

you n g creoles arrived at the ago in which the nesse s w ith their sc ars an d wou nds an d dyin g
'

, , , ,

p assions are impet u ou s do n ot k n owhow to bear agon ies , .

c on tra d ic tion ; they will h ave every thin g d on e

'

B ut t o s urvey a m ultit ude b ewil ders ; let u s l ook

which they comm an d p ossibl e or n ot ; a n d in de at a sin le n ation We i nst ance Rom e
; b o th b e
,

fault o f this they aven ge their o ff ende d pride by g .

m ul tiplied p u nishments ” c au se its history is more

. g ener ally known an d ,

bec au se it f urnishes a l arger proportion o f in

Dr G s oac s B U C HA N A N of B altimore M aryl and st ances in which arbitr ary o er was exerc ise d
.
,

mem b er of the A m e rie ah Philosophic al S ociety wi th comp ar ative m ildness th an an other n ation
p , ,
,
w
,
y ,

in an or ation at B altimore J uly 4 1 79 1 , said ancien t or m ode rn , And yet her whole exis t , .
,

F or su ch are the e ff ects o f s u bj ectin g m an to ence was a tr age dy every actor was an e xe c u ,
:

sl avery th at i t destroy s every hum an e p rin c ip l e tion e r the c urtain rose amidst shrieks an d f ell up
, ,
,
viti ates the m ind instil s ide as of unl aw f ul cr u el on corpses an d the only shi f tin of the scenes
,

ties an d eventu ally s ubverts the sprin gs of govern g ,

m ent
,
”—
B u chan a n s O ra tion p 1 2
.
’ w as f rom blood to blood T he whole
.
world stood.
.

,
agh ast as u nder sentence o f de ath aw aitin
g e xe , ,
.

President E D W ARD S the yo u n ger in a sermon out ie n an d al l n ations an d ton u es were drive n ,
g , .

b e for e the C on n ec tic ut Ab olition S ociety in 1 79 1 wi th her o wn citizens as sheep to the sl aughter , ,
, .

p age 8 says , O f her seve n k i n gs her h u ndre ds o f cons uls tri , ,

S lavery has a m ost direct ten denc y to h augh b on es dece mvir s an d dict ators an d her fi fty em ,
'

, ,
tin e ss an d a dom in eerin g sp irit an d con d u ct in
e rors there is h ardly on e W hose n am e has come
,

the proprietors of the sl aves i n their children an d p ,

, ,

i n al l who h ave the control of them A m an who down to u s u nst ained by horrible ab uses of powe r;
has been bred up in domineerin g over ne groes an d th at too notwithst andin g e h ave m ere
.
.

, , w '

c an sc arcely avoid contractin g s u ch a h abi t of shr eds of th e history o f m any of them owin g to ,

h au ghtiness an d domin ation as will express itsel f their antiqu ity or to the pert urbe d times in which ,
in his gener al tre atment of m ankind whether in
they live d ; an d these shreds gathered f rom the
'

his priv ate c ap acity or in an y o ffi ce civil or m ili

o f their o w ar ti al co un trymen , w
,

tary with which he m ay be in vested

” records n p ho
,

.
,
wrote an d su n g their pr aises What does this .

The celebr ated M ON TE S Q U I E U in his S pirit prove ? N ot th at the Rom ans were worse th an ,
“

”
f the L aws th u s describes the e ffect o f sl ave
'

o
"

,
other m en n or th at the irrul e rs wer e worse th an .

,
holdin g upo n the m aster othe r Rom ans f or history does not f u rn ish n obler ,
The m aster contracts al l sorts of b ad h abits models of n at ural ch ar acter th an m any of those
an d becomes haughty p assion a te ob dura te v in
” s am e r u lers
,
when fi rst investe d with arb itrary , ,

d ic tive vol up tuou s an d cruel

, , .
,

power N e ither Was it m ainly b ec ause the m ar .

-

W I L BERFO R C E in his sp ee e h at the annivers ary ti al en terprise of the e arlier Rom an s an d the ro ss
g
,

of the L ondon A nti Sl avery S ociety in M arch sens u ality of the l ater h arde ned their he arts to
-
, ,
,
1 828 s aid , h u m an s ufferin g In b oth periods of Rom an his .

It is u tterl y im p ossibl e th at they who live in tory an d in both these cl asses we find men the , ,
,
the administr ation o f the petty despotism of a sl ave
keen sym p athies generosity an d benevolence of
comm unity whose min ds h ave been warp e d an d , ,

w
,
hose g e n er al ch ar acter em b almed the ir n ames
p ol l u te d by th at cont amin ati on sho uld not l ose ,

tha t resp ec t for their f ellow cre at u res over whom i n the grate fu l memories of m ultit udes T he y .

they tyrannize which i s essenti al in the n at ure were hu m an b ein gs an d p ossessed p ower withou t
, p
,

an d moral bein g o f m an to resc u e them from the restrain t— this u nr avels the mystery
, .

ab u se of power over their prostr ate f ellow cre a

W h o has n o t he ard of the E m peror Tr aj an o f
tures "
,
.

his moderation his clemency his gu shin g sy m , , .

In the gre at deb ate in the British P arli ament p athics his f orgiveness of inj uries an d f orget f ul
, , ,
.

on the A f ric an sl ave tr ade M r W H I TBREA D s ai d ness of s el f his te arin g in pieces h is own robe to
-
, .
, ,

Arbitrary power wo ul d spoil the he arts of the f u rnish b and ages for the wo u nded — c alled by the
whole world i n his day the b est empe ror of ‘

,
“
 1 20 O bjection s C on sidered— C rue l ties In c re dib l e .

othe rs were fastene d in red hot iron ch airs ; an d the history of Rome an d of a co un tless m ultit ude ,

venerable m atrons we re thrown to be devo ure d by in the history o f the world ill u stratin g the tru th , ,

do gs . th at the lod gement of arbitr ary power i n the best ,

Const antine the Gre at has been the admir ation h um an h ands is alw ays a f e ar fully peril ou s ex
,

o f Christendom f o r his virtu es T he e arly Chris . .

p e rim e n t th at the m ildest tempers the most hu ,

ti an writers adorn his j u stice benevolenc e an d ,

m ane an d benevolent dispositions the m ost ,

piety with the most ex alted e ulo gy He was b ap . bl ameless an d c onscientiou s previo u s li f e wi th ,

tj ze d an d adm itted to the Christi an ch u rch

,
He .
‘

the most ri gorou s h abi ts of j ustice are no sec u ri ,

abro ated P a anis m an d m ade Christi anity the ty th at in a m oment of tempt ation the possess
g g , , , . ,

reli gion o f his empire ; he attended the co uncil s ors of su c h power will not m ake their s ubj ects
o f the e arly f athers of the ch urc h con s u lted with ,
their vi ctim s ; illu str at in g also the tru th th at , ,

the bishops an d devote d himsel f with the most

,
while m en m ay exh ibit nothin g b ut honor hon ,

untirin
g ze al to the prop agation of Christi anity ,
e sty m il dness j u stice an d generosity in their
, , , ,

an d to the promotion o f pe ace an d love amon g i n terco u rse with those of their own gr ade or l an ,

its pro fessors he con vene d the C o u nc il of N ice , guage or n ation or hue t hey m ay pr actice
, , ,

to settle d isp utes which had lon g distr acted the to wards others for w hom they h ave contemp t ,

ch urch appe are d in the assem bly with admir able an d av e rsion the m ost revol tin g me anness per
, ,
,

modesty an d temper moder ated the he ats of the ,

p e trate ro b bery u nce asin gly an d inflict the sc ,

contendin g p arties im plore d them to exercise v e re st priv ations an d the m ost b arb aro u s c ru el ,
.

m u t u al forbe ar ance an d exhorte d the m to love ,

ties B ut thi s i s n ot al l history i s f ull of ex am
. .

u n f ei gned to f or ive on e another as they hope d ples showin g n ot only the e ff ects of arb itr ary
g ,
, ,

to b e f or given by Christ Who wou l d not think .

powe r on its victim s b ut its terrible re action o n ,

it unc harit able to acc use su ch a m an of b arb ari ty those who exercise i t bl untin g their symp athies ,

an d h arde n in
in the exercise of power — an d yet he drove g to ad am ant their he arts tow ard
'
'

Ari us an d his associ ates into b anishment f or

‘

them at le ast if not tow ard the h um a n r ace gen

, ,
,

opinion s s ake den ou nced de ath against al l with

’
,
e ral l
y This is shown in the fact th at almost
.
,

whom his b ooks sho u ld af te e ards be fo u nd an d ,

every tyrant i n the history of the world has e n ,
.

prohibited on p ain of de ath the exercise how te re d up on the exercise o f absol u te power with
, , ,

ever pe ace ably o f the f un ction s o f an y other re

,
comp ar ative m oder ation ; m ultit u des of them
l igion th an Christi anity I n a fit of j e al ou sy an d .
’
w ith m arke d f orb e ar ance an d m ildness an d n o t ,

a fe w with the mos t si gn al condescen s ion m ag

rage he ordere d his innocent son Crisp u s to
, , ,
.
,

exec u tion , withou t gr an tin g h i m a he arin g ; an d n an im it

y gentleness an d com p assion
, A m on g .

these l ast are i ncl u ded those who af terw ards b e

upon fi n di n
g him innocent kille d his own wi f e , ,

who had falsely a cc use d him .

c ame the b loodiest monsters th at ever c u rsed the
To the precedin gm ay be added Theodosi u s the e arth O f the Rom an E mperors alm ost every
.
,

on e of whom perp etr ate d the most b arb aro u s

Gre at the l ast Rom an emperor be fore the divisi on
,

atrocities Vitelli u s se ems to h ave be en the on ly

o f the empire He was a m em b er of the Christi an
.
, ,

on e who cr u elly exercised h is power f ro m the

ch u rch an d i n his ze al against p aganism an d
, ,
.

wh at he deemed heresy s urp asse d al l who were ou tse t M ost of the other emperors spr u n g up
.
,
,

be fore him The Christi an writers of his time

.
into fiends in the hot bed of arbitr ary p ower If .

spe ak of him as a m ost ill u strio u s m odel of j ustice ,

the y had not been p lie d wi th its fibry stim u l ants ,

b ut had live d u nder the le gal restr ai nts o f

generosity m agn animity be nevolence an d every
'

, , ,

virt ue And yet Theodosi u s deno u nce d c apit al

.
other m en inste ad of goin g to the gr ave u nder
,
'

the c u rses of the ir gc n eration m ultit u des mi ght

'

p u nishm ents against those who held heretic al ’

,

opin ions an d comm anded inter m arri age between

,
- h ave c alled them bl essed .

co u sins to be p u ni s he d by b urnin g the p arties T he moder ation which has gener ally distin
alive O n he arin g th at the p eople o f Antioch ui shc d absol u te mon archs at the com mencement
. g
o f their rei gns w as do u btless i n some c ases as
'

had dem olished the st at u es se t up in t hat city

s u med fro mpolicy ; in the gre ater n u mber how
. ,
,

in honor of himsel f an d had thre atene d the go v ,

,

ern e r he flew into a tr ansport of f ury ; ordered ever as is m ani fest f rom their history it has been
, ,

the n at ural workin gs of min ds held i n check by

,

the city to be l aid in ashes an d al l the inh ab it ants ,

to be sl aughtered an d u pon he arin g of a resist previo us associ ations an d not yet hardene d i nto ,

ance to his au thority in Thess al onic a in which ,

h abits of cr uelty by being acc u stomed to the e x ,

one of his lie u ten ants was killed he inst antly or ,

croise of power witho u t restr aint B ut as the se .

dere d a gen eral m assac r e of the inh abit ants ; an d associ atio n s h ave we akened an d the wieldin g o f ,

in obedience to his com m and seve n thou s and , uncontrolled sw ay has becom e a h ab it like o ther ,

men women an d children were b u tchered in the

,
evil doers they h ave in the expressive l an guage
, ,

sp ace o f three ho u rs . o f Script u re w axe d worse an d worse

,
‘ .
’

The fore goin g are a fe w o f a n n y inst ances in F or ei ghteen h un dred ye ars an in v ol un tarv
 Objection s s szdered -
S l av ehol de rs
’
Den ial . 121

shudder over the h um an r ace at the

has r un , disposition m ay re adily serve to show how dan
m ention of the n ame of N ero ; yet a t the com , ge rou s a thin g is power th at co ul d tr ans form a ,

m e n c e m e n t o f his rei gn he b u rst into te ars when ,

person of s u ch ri gi d virt u es mto s u ch a monster .
’

c alle d upon to si gn the de ath warran t of a crim . I nst ances almost inn u mer able mi gh t be f ur
i n al an d excl ai m ed O h th at I had never le arn n ishe d in the history of every age ill ustratin g
-
. , , ,

e d to write 1 H is mildness an d m agn animity

’
,
the bl u ntin g of sym p athies an d the tot al tr ans ,

won the aff ections of his s ubjects ; an d it was not f orm ations of ch ar acter wro u ght in individ uals by
1 111 the p e l son o f absol ute p ower had worked with the exerc ise of arbitr ary power N ot to det ai n .

in his n ature f or ye ars th at it swelle d him in to a ,

the re ader with lon g de t ails let a sin gle inst ance ,

m onster . s uffice .

T iberi us Cl au di u s an d C ali gul a, be gan the

, , Perh aps no m an has li ve d i n modern tim e s ,

e xerc ise of their power with sin gul ar f orbe ar ance , whose n am e e xcites su ch horror as that of Rob es
an d e ac h
grew into a pro di gy o f cr uelty So . pierre Yet it i s notorio u s th at he was n atu r ally
.
»

averse w as C ali gula to bloodshed , th at he re f u sed of a benevolent disposition an d ten der symp a
-

to 10 0 5 at a list of c onspirators against his o wn thies .

li fe wh i ch was h an ded to him yet af terw ards a

, , Be f ore the revol ution when as a j u d ge in his ,

m ore cr uel wre tch never wielded a sceptre In .

n ative city of Arras he had to pronoun ce j u d g
his thir t f or sl au ghter , he wished al l the necks in
s
m ent on an assassin h e too k n o fb od f or two ,
' d ays af terw ards b ut was he ard f requ ently ex
Rom e on e th at he mi ght c ut it ofi at a blow ,
, .

cl aim i n g I am su re he was gu i lty ; he 1 5 a vil

,
Domiti an at the commen cemen t of his rei gn
, ,
l ain ; b ut yet to p ut a h u m an bein g to de ath
,

c arried his ab horren ce of cr uelty to s uch len gths , He co u ld not s upport the ide a ; an d th at the
th at he f orb ad the s acrificin g o f oxen an d wo u ld ,
s ame n ecessity mi ght not rec ur he relinqu ishc d ,
-

sit whole d ays on the j u d ment se at reversin g his j u dici al offi c e — ( See Lap on n eray s L i f e of ’
.
g -
,

the u nj us t decisions of corr u p t j ud ges ; ye t af ter

Robespierre p A f terw ards in the C on ve n
, .
,

tion of 1 79 1 he u r ge d stron gly the abolition of

,
w ards he s u rp asse d even N ero in c ruelty The
,
.
the p u nishm ent of de ath ; an d yet f or sixteen
l at te r was content to tortu re an d kill by proxy
,

, mon ths in 1 793 an d 1 7 94 till he perishe d him

, ,

an d witho u t bein g a spec tator ; b u t Dom iti an sel f by the sam e gu illotine which he had so m er
c il essl
c ould not be denie d the l u x ury of seein g his vic y u se d on ot hers no one at P a1 is consi gne d ,

an d c au se d so m any f ellow cre at ures to be p u t to

tims writhe an d he arin g them shriek an d o f ten
,

with his own han d directe d the instr um ent of d e ath by it with more ruthless insensi b ility
, .

T u rn er s S ac red H istory of the W orl d vol 2

’

tor tu re especi ally when some ill u striou s sen ator

. .
,
,
p 1 19
or p atrici an was to b e killed by piec e me al
. .
‘

.
B ut it is tim e we had done with the ob j ection ,

,
Commod u s b egan with gentleness an d conde su ch cruelties are I N C RE DI B L E ” I f the obje c .

scension b u t soon b ec am e a terror an d a sco urge

, , tor sti ll reiter ates it he sh all h ave the l as t word ,
o u tstrippin g in his atrocities most o f his pre de
‘
'

without farther molest ation

M axim in too was j u st an d genero u s whe n
.

c e ssors .
,
A n obje ct ion kindre d to the precedin g n ow
first invested w ith power b ut afterw ards rioted ,
f claims notice It is the pro fo un d ind uction th at
.

in sl aughter with the relish of a fien d History .

sl aves m u st be well tre ated bec au se sl avehol ders
has w ell s aid o f this mon arch the ch an ge in his ,
say they are

O sis c rroN . II —. S L AV E H O L D ERS PR O T E ST THAT TH EY TRE AT TH E IR

S L AV E S W E LL .

S el f j ustifi c ation is hu m an n atu re ; sel f c on

- - .
crimes , by
m en acc u sed of them goes f or noth ,

de m n ation is a s ublim e tri um ph over it an d as , in g as evidenc e in al l c ivil iz e d co u rts while the

r are as su blime Wh at c ulprits wou ld be convict . . vol unt ary c on fession of them is the best evidence ,

ed if their o wn testim ony were t aken b y j uries as

,
possible as it is testimony again st them sel ves an d
, ,

g ood evidence Sl a veholders are on tri al ch ar

g ,
in the f ace of the stron gest m otives to conce al
ed with cr u el tre atment to their slaves an d ,
the truth O n the precedin g p ages are hu ndreds
.
,

tho u gh i n their own courts they c an cle ar them o f j u st s u ch testimonies ; the vol u nt ary an d ex

selves by their n ow oa ths "

E
they nee d not think , p l ic it testimony of sl aveholders against them
to do it at the b ar of the world The deni al o f . selves their fam ilies an d ancestors their c on stit
, ,

u e n ts an d their r ulers against their ch ar acters

T he l awof whi c h the
llowi n g is an e xtr ac t e xists in
fo
an d their memories a ainst the ir j ustice their
,

S ou th C aroli n a I f an y sl ave shal l s uffer in lif e lim b or

.
,
g ,

m em b er when n o white p e rson shall b e p resen t or b ein g av m s O W N o x rn C L E AR A N D EX C U LPAT E H I M S E LF

, , W hich '
.
'

p r e s en t s h al l re f use to give e vide n c e the own er or othe r

, oath every court w here suc h off en c e shall b e tr
,
ied is here ,

p erso n who shall have the c are of su c h sl ave an d in whose b y e m p ow ered to adm in ister an d to ac q uit the ofi en der if
’
, ,
, ,

p ower s uc h sl ave shall he shall b e d eem ed guilty of suc h of , c le ar p roo f of the off en ce b e n ot m ad e b y two w itn esses at

f e n c e u n l es s suc h own er or othe r p e rso n shal l m ak e the le ast

, —2 B r evard s Digest 242 T he state of Lou isian a .
'

, .

con tr ary ap p e ar b y good an d s uffi c ien t eviden c e or shall has a simil ar l aw , .

 Obj ection s C on sidered— S l ave hol de rs De n ial
’ ‘

hone sty , their honor an d their benevolence . W as there ever a more ridic ul o u s doctri n e ,

N ow let c andor decide between those two cl asses th an th at a m an s opinion of his own action s i s
’

o f sl aveholders which is most entitle d to credit

,
the tru e st and ard for m e as u rin g them an d the ,

th at which testifies in its own favor j u st as sel f , certific ate of their re al q ualities — th at his own
love wo u ld dictate or th at whi ch t estifie s against
,
estim ate of his tre atment of others is to be t aken
al l selfish m otives an d in spite o f them an d as the tr u e one an d s u ch tre atment be se t d own
,

tho u gh i t has nothin g to gain b ut every thin g to as good tre atment u pon the stre n
, gth o f his j u d g
lose by su c h testimony still u tters it , . m ent He who argue s the good tr eatmen t o f the
.

B ut if there were no co unter testimony if al l sl ave f rom the sl aveholder s good Op in ion of s uch ’
, ,

sl aveholders were u nani m o u s in the decl ar ation tre atm ent n ot on l y ar gu es agai nst h u m an n at u re
, .

th a t the tre atment of the sl aves is good s uch a , an d al l history his o ,wn comm on sen se an d eve n ,

decl ar ation wo uld not be entitle d to a f e ather s ’

the testimony of h is senses b ut re f utes his own ,

wei ght as testimon y ; it is n ot testimon y b ut op in argu ments b y his d aily pr actice E very body .

ion . Testimony respects m atters of f ac t not ,

ac ts o n the presu mptio n th at men s f eelin s will
g
’

v ary with their p ractices that the li ght in which

”
m atters of Opinion : it is the decl aration of a
witness as to f ac ts n ot the givin g of an opinion they view indivi d uals an d cl asses an d the ir feelin gs
’

, ,

as to the n atu re or q u ali ti es of actions or the , tow ards them will modi fy their opinions of the
,

c harac ter of a co urse of cond u c t S l aveholders . tre atm en t wh ich they receive I n an y c ase of .

organize themselves into a trib u n al to adj udic ate tre atment th at aff ects him sel f his ch urch or his , ,

upon their own cond u ct an d give us in their , politic al p arty no m an so stul tifi e s himsel f as to
,

decisions their estim ate of their own ch ar acter

,
a r u e th at s u ch tre atm ent m u st be
g good , bec ause
in formin g us with ch ar acteristic m odesty th at , the au thor of it think s s o .

they h ave a hi gh opin 1 ou of themselves ; th at in Who wo uld argu e th at the Am eric an C olonie s
their own j ud gment they are very m ild , kind an d , were well tre at ed by the mother c ou ntry bec au se ,

m erci f ul gentlemen In these concepti ons of their p arli ament tho ught so O r th at Pol an d was well
ow n merits an d of the eminent p rop riety o f their tre ated by Ru ssi a bec ause N ichol as tho ught so ? O r
,
,

hea rin g tow ards their sl aves sl avehol ders remind , th at the tre atm ent of the Cherokees by Georgi a
u s of the Sp ania rd , who alw ays took off his hat is proved go od b y Geor gi a notions of i t 2
-
? O r th at

whenever he spoke of himself an d of the Govern , of the Greeks by the T u rks by T urki sh opin i on s ,

o r of S c hiraz who from a sense of j u stice to hi s

, , o f it ? O r th at o f the Jews by almost al l n ations ,

ow n ch ar acter added to his other titles those of , , by the j ud gment of their persec u tors O r th at o f
Flower of Co ur tesy N utme g of Consol a
,
’
the vict ims of the Inqu isition by the opinions o f ,

tion an d Rose of Deli ght

,
’
.
’
the Inqu isitor general or of the Pope an d his ,

The s in c erity of those worthies n o on e c alls , c ardin al s O r th at o f the Q u akers an d B aptists at ,

111 q uestion their re al notions o f their o wn merits the h ands of the P urit ans , —to be j u d ge d o f by
do ubtless ascended into the sublime b ut for the opinions o f the le gislatures th at authorized ,

aught th a t appe ars they had not the arro gance

, an d the dou rts th a t c arried it into e ff ect All .

to dem and th at their own notions of their person al those cl asses of persons did n ot in their o wn opin ,

e xcellence sho uld be t aken as the p roof of it

,
“

.
ion ab use their vi ctim s
, I f ch arged with per .

N ot so wi th o ur sl aveholders N ot content with .

p etratin g o u tr ageo u s cr u elty upon the m al l those ,

o fferin g incense at the shrine of their own virt u es , oppressors wo uld h ave repelle d the ch ar ge with
they h ave the e fi ron tery to dem an d th at the
'

, i n di gn ation .

rest of the world sh all o ff er i t b ec au se they do , O u r sl aveholders chim e l ustily the s am e son g ,

a n d sh all implicitly believe the presidin g divini an d no m an with h um an n at ur e within him an d ,

ty to be a good Spirit r ather th an a Devil bec au se , h um an history be fore him an d with sense enough ,

they c all him so ! I n other words since sl ave , to keep hi m out of the fire will be gul led by s u ch ,

holders pro fou ndly appreci ate their own gentle pro f essions u nless his itch to be h u mb ugged has
,

d ispositions tow ard their sl aves an d their kind ,

p u t on the type o f a downri ght chronic inc ur able .

tre atm ent of them an d everywhere protest th at

, We repe at it— when m en spe ak of the tre atm en t
they do tr uly show forth these r are e xcellencies , o f others as bein g e ither good or had their de c l a ,

they dem and th at the rest of the world sh all n ot r ations are not gene rally to be t aken as testimony
only believe tha t they thin k so b ut tha t they , to m atters of f ac t so m u ch as expressions o f
,
think rightl y ; th at these notions of themselves their ow n f ee l in gs tow ards those persons or cl ass .

are tru e , th at their t akin g off their h ats to them es who are the s ubj ects of su ch tre atm ent I f .

selves proves them W orthy of hom age an d th at , those persons are their f ellow citizens ; if the y are
their assumption of the titles o f Flower of
'

, in the s ame cl ass of society with them selves of

Kindness an d N u tme g of Consol ation
,
’
is ,
’
the s am e l an gu age creed an d color ; si m il ar in
, ,

concl usive evidence th at they deserve s uch ap their h abits p urs uits an d symp athies ; they wil
, ,
.

p e l l ation s
 O bj ection s Con sidered —Sl ave hol de r s Den ial ’
.

ly in E n gl an d
visited her ne ar B ath , e arly le avin g a b ridle out o f its prope r pl ace ; he b e
I .

l as t C onversin gon the above sub in g lar ger an d stron ger th an mysel f took hold o f
sprin g, ( 1 83 4 ) .

j e c t the p ar alyzin g e ff ects of sl aveholdin g on the my arms an d held m e in o rder to preve nt m y

, ,

he art she s aid : , strikin g him ; this I considered the hei gh t of in

sol en c e an d crie d f or help when my f ather an d
While at school in E n gl and I of ten tho u ght , ,

M
'

,
m other both c ame ru nnin
g to m y resc ue y
with pec u li ar tenderness of the kin dness of a f a an d tied him an d too k him into
.

ther stripped
sl ave who had n ursed an d c arried me abo u t ,

the orch ard where switches were plenty an d d i

’
.

,
o

Upon ret urnin g to my father s on e of m y first re c te d ,

me to whip him when o n e switch we re

,

inq u iri e s was abo u t him I wa s d eeply aff licted out

he s u pplie d me with others A f ter I had
.

to fi nd th at he was o n the po int of u nder goin g a .

whipped him a while he f ell on his knees to im

“
l awflo ggin g for h avin g run aw ay
”
I throw l ore f an d I kicke d him i n the f ace ;
,

or iveness
.

p g ,
m ysel f at m y fath e r s f e et an d implore d with te ars ’

m y fath er s aid ‘ don t kick him b ut whi p him , ’ ’

his p ardon ; b u t my f ather ste adily replied t h at thi I di d un til his b ack ,

w
,

as li terally covered with

,

it wo uld r u in the discipline of the pl antation an d we?is ” '

,
.

th at the p unishmen t m ust t ake pl ace I wep t in .

v ain an d retired so grieved an d disgu sted th at

, W C G i n n s asn s s vs E sq a n ative b f Geor gi a, , . .
, .
,
.

f or some d ays af ter I co ul d sc arcely be ar with n ow elder of the Pres yteri n ch rch Wilkes
, b a u
p atience the si ght O f my own father B ut m any .
,

b arre Penn after desc ribin the flo in

,
of a
m onths had not el apse d ere I was as ready as an y g g g g .
,

b od y to seize the dom estic whip an d fl og m y sl ave i n which his h ands were tied to eth er an d
g ,
, ,

sl aves w ithou t hesita tion the sl ave hoiste d b y a rope S O th at hi s f ee t co uld

’
. ,

This l ady is on e o f the m ost Chri sti an an d n o t tou c h the gro u n d ; in whi ch condition on e
n ob le minds of my acq u aint ance She an d her h undred l ashes we re in flicted says .
,
h usb and distin gu ishe d themselves sever al ye ars I stood by an d witnessed the whole witho u t
a o
g i n J am aic a by im m edi ately em ancip at in g feelin the le ast com p assion sohard e n in is the
, ,
g ; g
,

”
their sl aves .
in fl u ence of sl avery th at it very m u c h destroy s
A l ady now in the West Indies was sent i n f eel in h l ”
,
gf o r t e s a v e , .

her in fancy to he r f rie n ds ne ar Bel fast in I re ,

M
, ,
rs C u rr in her admirable Appe l ”
l and for e d uc ation She re m ained u nder their .
-n a has th e .
,
“
,
,

c h arge f rom five to fi f tee n ye ars of age an d grew f ollowin g rem arks : ,

u
p every thin g which her f rie n ds co u ld wish The l adie s who rem o ve from the f ree St ates .

A t fi f teen she retu rne d to the West I ndies— was into the sl aveholdin g ones alm ost inv ari ably write
,

m arried — an d af ter some y e ars p ai d her friends th at the si ght O f slavery was at first e xceedin gly
ne ar B el fast a secon d v isit T ow ards white p ain f ul ; b ut th at they soon become h abit uate d to
,
. .

people she was the s ame ele gant an d interestin g it ; an d after a while they are very ap t to vindi
, , ,

wom an as be f ore ; app arently f ull of every vir c ate the system u pon the grou nd th at it is ex , .

tuous an d tender feelin g b ut tow ards the colore d tre m el y convenient to h ave s u ch s ubmissive se r
“

people she was like a ti gress I f Wilbe rforce s v ants This r e ason was a ct ually give n b y a l ady .
’
.

n ame was m entione d she wo uld say O h I of my acquaint anc e who is considere d an u n u sa
, , , ,
.

wish we had the wre tc h in the W est Indies I ally f ervent Christi an Yet Christi anity e xpress
.
'

, . .

wo u ld be on e of the first to help to te ar his he art l y te aches u s to love o ur nei ghbor as o u rselves
. .

o ut l — an d then she wo ul d tell O f the m anner in T his s hows how d an gerou s it is for even the
’
.

which the West I ndi an l ad ies u sed to tre at their b est O f u s to be com e ac cu stom ed to wh at i s ,

sl aves I h ave o f ten she s aid whe n my wo wron g

.
,
’ -

, .

m e n h ave disple ase d m e sn atch e d their b aby A j u dicio u s an d b e nevole nt f rien d l ately tolo
,

from thei r bosom an d r u nnin g with it to a well , me the story of on e o f he r rel atives who m arrie d , ,

h ave tied m y sh awl ro u nd its sho ulders an d pre a sl ave owner an d rem oved to his pl ant ation , .

tende d to be drownin g it oh it was so f unny to T he l ady in q uestion was considered ve ry am i a ,

'

he ar the m other s scre ams ! — an d then she ble an d had a serene aff ection ate expression of
'

’
, ,

l aughe d almost convulsively at the recollection ” cou nten ance A fter several ye ars resid ence . .

amon g her sl aves she visite d N e w E n gl and , .

M r JO H N M N E LS ON a n ative O f Vir gini a

. . , Her his tory was written in her f ace s ai d m y
, ,
“
,
’

whose testim ony is on a precedin g p age f urnishes friend ; its expression had ch an ged into th at of ,
‘

b ught b ut f e w sl aves with her ;

a strikin g ill u str ation O f the pr nciple i n his o w n
a fiend S he ro i
.

an d those f e w were o f co u rse com pelled to per

c ase He s ays form addition al l abor O n e faith ful n e gro wo
.
.

When 1 was quite a child I recollect it griev m an n urse d the twins O f her mistress an d did al l
, ,

e d m e very m u ch to see on e tie d up to b e whip the washin g iron i n g an d sco u ri n g I f after a , , .

,

ped an d I u sed to intercede with tears in their sleepless ni gh t with the res tless b abes ( driven
, ,

b e half an d m in gl e m y crie s with the irs an d feel f rom the bosom o f thei r m other ) she per forme d
, , ,

alm ost willin

g to t ake p art O f the p u nishm ent her toilsom e avoc ations with dim inishe d activity .
,

Yet suc h is the h ardenin g n at u re of s uch scenes her mis tress with he rown l ady like h ands applied , ,
-
,

th at f rom this kind of com miser ati on f or the suf the cowskin an d the nei ghborhood r e so u nded ,

f e rin g sl ave I bec am e so bl u nted th at I c o uld with the cries O f her v ictim
,
The i nstr umen t o f -
.

not only witness their stripe s with composure b ut p u nishmen t was act u ally kept h an gi n g in the ,

m y se lf i n flict them an d th at witho ut re m orse ,

entry to the n o sm all disgust O f her N e w En g .
,
.

W hen I was perh aps f o u rteen or fi fteen ye ars o f l and visitors For my p art con tin ued my friend .
,
’
,

age I u nder took to correct a yo u n f ellow n am e d I did n ot try to b e p ol ite to her ; fo r I was n o t
,
g _

N e d for some s uppose d o ff ence I thin k it was hypocrite eno ugh to conce al my indi gn ation
, , .
’
 Obj ection s C on sidered— Sl ave hol din g Hosp ital ity . 12 5

The th at the gre atest cru elties m ay be ex

f ac t . Youn g l adies ol d men people of al l ages an d
, ,

of al l ch ar acters are present an d yet the h abit

crc ise d q u ite u nconscio us ly when cr uelty has be , ,

o f attendin g these bloody f estiv als does not cor .

com e a h abit an d that at the s ame time the

, ,
rect their we akness or their ti m idity n or inj ure
min d m ay f eel gre at symp athy an d c om m isgration
,

the sweetness o f their m anners I h ave m ore .

tow ards other persons an d even towards irration over kno wn foreigners d istin gu ished by the gen ,
.

al anim als is ill ustr ated i n the e ase o f T am er

,
tl en e ss of their m anners who e xperienced at first ,

l ane the Gre at In his L i fe written by him sel f

.
, ,
see in g a b ull fi ght s u ch very violent emotions as
-

he spe aks with the gre atest sincerity an d tender m ade them t urn p ale an d they bec ame i ll ; b u t , ,

notwithst an din g th is entert ainment bec am e af ter

ness of his grie f at h avin g accident al ly cr ushed ,

w ards an i rresisti b le attr action witho u t operat ,

an an t ; an d y e t he ordered m elte d le a d to b e in g an y revol u tion in their ch ar ac er t s

”

M odern S tate of S p ain b y J F B ourgoin g Min ister

.

p o ured d o w n the throa ts of cert ain persons who ,

. . ,

drank wine c ontr ary to his comm an ds He was

Plen ip oten tiary f rom F ran c e to the C ourt of M adrid V ol ,
ii p age 342
.
.
,

m ani fe stly sincere in thinkin g himsel f h u m ane -

,
It i s the n ovel ty of cru elty r ather th an the de
an d when spe akin g o f the m
,
ost atrociou s cr u eltie s
grce which repels m ost m in ds
, Crue lty in a n ew .

p erpetra te d by himsel f it does n ot seem to r uffl e

f orm however sli ght will o ften p ain a min d th at
,
, ,
i n the le ast the sel f compl acency w ith which - ,

i s tot all y un move d by the m ost h orr ible cr u elties

he re gards h is own h um ani ty an d piety I n on e
in a f o r m to whic h it is ac cus tom ed When
.

pl ace he s ays I never u n dertook anyth in g b u t I

,
Pompey was at the zenith of his pop ul arity in
commence d it pl acin g my f aith on God — an d he
‘

Ro m e he ordere d som e eleph ants to be tort u red

,
adds soon af ter the people of Shir az took p art
,
in the amphi the atre for the am u sement of the
with S hah M an s ur an d p u t m y governor to ,
pop ulace ; this was the first time they had wit
de ath I there fore ordered a gen eral m assacre of
n e sse d the tort ure of those anim als an d tho u gh
habi tan
,
”
al l the in ts
f or ye ars acc u stom ed to witness in the s ame
.

It is on e of t he most comm on c aprices o f hu

pl ace the tort u re of lions ti gers leop ards an d
, , , ,
m an n at ure f or the he art to become by h abit not ,
al m os t al l sorts of wild be asts as well as th at of
,
,
only tot ally insensi b le to cert ain f orm s of cr uelty ,
m en of al l n ations an d ta shou t accl am ations
,
whic h at first gave it inexpressible p ain b ut e ven ,
over their agonies yet this n ovel f or m of cr u el ty
, ,
to find its ch ie f am u sement in suc h cr uelties till ,
so shocke d the b eholders th at the most pop ul ar ,
u tterly into xic ated by their stim u l ation
; while
m an in Rome was e xecr ated as a cru el m onster ,
a t the s ame time the m ind seem s to be p ai ne d as
an d c am e ne ar f allin g a victim to the f ury of
keenly as ever, at f orms of cru elty to which i t has '

those who j ust b e f ore were re ady to adore

not become acc u s tomed th us re tainin g ap p aren t ,

l y the s ame gener al s usceptib ilities Ill ustrations

w
.

of th is are to be f o u nd every here ; on e h appens We will now bri efly no ti ce another obj ection ,

to l ie b e fore u s B ourgoin g i n his history of some s hat akin to the precedin g an d b ase d
.
,
,

modern Sp ain spe aki n g of the b ull fi ghtS the b ar m ainly u pon the s ame an d simil ar f all acies
, ,
.

b aro us n ation al a m usement of the Sp ani ards says ,

O sréerron I II — S L AV E H O L DERS A RE PRO V E RB IA L F O R TH E IR KI N DN ES S

.
~
,

H O SP I TA L I TY BE N EV O LE N C E A N D G E NE R O S ITY, , .

M ultitu des scou t fictions the cr uelties i n as .

-

a speci al c are to the accomm od ation of the i r

i

fi ic te d u pon sl aves bec au se sl aveholders are famed

, guests ; the in f eren ce th at there f ore they m ust ,

seek the com fort of their sl aves—th at as they are

'

for their co urtesy an d hospit ality They tell us .

th at their generou s an d kind attentions to their bl and an d ob li gin g to their equals they m u s t be ,

u ests an d their well kno w n symp athy for the mild an d con des cendi n g to their in feriors— th at
g
-
,

suff erin g sufhc ien tl y prove the ch ar ges of cru elty as the wron s o f their o w n grade excite their in
‘ ‘

, g
brou ght a gainst them to be c al u mnies o f w hich , di gn ation an d their woes move the ir symp ath ies
,
'
,

their uni form ch ar acter is a tri um ph ant re f ut ation . they m ust b e tou ched b y those of their ch attel s
"

N owth at sl aveholders are proverbi ally hospit able th at as they are f ull of p ains tak in gto ward those -

to their guests an d S p are neither p ai n s nor expense

, whose good opin ions an d good ofii c e s th e y seek ,

i n ministerin g to their ac co m mod ation an d ple a . they will of c ourse sh ow S peci al attent ion to
, ,

s ure ,is freely admitte d an d e asily acco u nted for . those to whose goo d Opinions the y are i ndi ff rent e
,

Th at those who m ake their in feriors work for an d whose good of ces they c an c om l —
fi p e th at as
them witho u t p ay sho u ld be courteo u s an d hos
, , they honor the liter ary an d scientific , they m u st
itab l e to those o f their eq u als an d s u periors whos e tre at with hi gh consi der ation th ose t o whom they
p
g ood opinions the y desire is h u m an n at ure in its , deny the alph abet— th at as they are courteo us to
”
every day dress The objection consists of a fac t
- . certain p erson s they m ust b e so to property
,

an d an in feren ce : the fact th at sl aveholders h ave , e ager to an tic ip ate the wishes of visito rs , they
 1 26 O bj ection s C on sid ered— S l ave hol din g Hosp ital ity .

c anno t b ut gr ati fy those of their v ass al s—j e alo u s C o ul d s u ch a n oble spi rit h ave m urdered John
f or the ri ghts of the Tex ans q u ick to f eel at the the B aptist ? I n credible ! Jo ab too how his s o f t
,

d isfran e hise m e n t o f C an adi ans an d o f Irishmen he art was pierced at the e xile of Absalom ! an d ,

alive to the Oppressions of the Greeks an d the how his bowels ye arned to restore h im to his
Pole s they m u st feel keenly for their n egroes ! hom e O f co urse it is all fiction abo u t h is ass ets
, ,

S uch concl usions f rom s u ch p remises do n ot c al l sin atin g his nephe w Am asa an d Abner the c ap
"
, ,

f or serio u s re f utation E ve n a h al f grown b oy

. t ain of the h ost S ince D avid twice Sp are d the
-
,

who sho u ld argue th at bec au se men h ave cert ain li fe of S aul when he c ame to m u rder him wept
, ,

f eelin gs tow ard cert ain persons in cert ain circ u m o n the n eck of Jon ath an threw himsel f u pon the ,

ste n c e s they m u st h a ve the s am e f eelin s tow ard

, g gro un d in an gu ish when his child sickene d an d , .

al l per sons in al l c irc u m st ances or tow ard per bew ailed with a broken he art the loss o f Absa
, , , s

son s i n Opposite circ u mstances of tot ally diff erent lom — it proves th at he did not coolly plot an d de
,
.

gr ades h abits an d person al pec ul i arities mi ght l ib e ratel y cons um m ate the m u rder of Uri ah ! As
, , , ,

f airly be se t down as a hopeless sim pleton : an d the Governmen t o f the Unite d S tates genero usly
yet men of sense an d reflection on other s ubj ects gave a to wnship of l an d to Ge ne r
,
al La F ayette , ,

seem bent u pon stulti fyin g themselves by j u st s u ch it proves th at they h ave never de frau de d the In .

sh allow in ferences f ro m the fa ct th at sl aveholders di an s of theirs ! S o the fact th at the sl aveholders

, ,

are hosp it able an d enero u s to ce rt ain persons in of the present Con ress are to a m an favor able
g g , ,

cer t ain gr ades o f so ciety b elon gin g to their own to reco gnizin g the in depen dence of T ex as with ,

ca ste O n the gro u nd of this re asonin g al l the her fif ty or sixty thous and inh ab it ants b ef ore she
.
, ~ ,

crimes ever co mmitte d m ay b e disprov ed , by Show has ac hieved i t an d b e fore it is reco gnized b y .
,

in g th at their perpetr ators were hospit able an d an y other governm ent , proves th at these s ame
,

genero us to those who symp athized an d c o oper sl aveholders do n ot op p ose the reco gn ition of H ay -

a ted with them T o prove th at a m an does n ot ti with her m il lion of inhab it ants who se in dep en d
. , ,

h ate on e of his nei ghbors i t is only necess ary to e nce was achi eve d n e arly hal f a c en tury ago an d '
'

, ,

show th at he loves another ; to m ake it appe ar whic h is reco gn ized by the most powerf ul govern
th at he does not tre at contempt u o u sly the ign o ments on e arth
rant he has only to show th at he b ows respec t
,
B ut seriou sl y n o m an i s so sli ghtly verse d in , , ,

f ully to the le arne d to demonstr ate th at he does h um an n at u re as n ot to know th at m en h abit ually

‘

n ot disd ain his in feriors l ord it over his depen d

,
exercise the m ost opposite f eelin gs an d ind ul ge ,

c u ts an d, grind the f aces of the poor he n ee d only in the m ost Opposite practices tow ard di ff erent
,

show th at he is p olite to the rich pays de ference persons or di ff erent cl asses of persons aroun d
,

to titles an d o ffi ce an d f awns f orfavor upon those them

,
N O m an has ever live d who was more .

above him T he f act th at a m an alw ays smiles celebra ted for h is scrup ul ou s Ob se rv an ce of the
on his c u stom ers proves th at he never scowls at m ost ex act j us tice an d forthe i l l ustration furn ish
, ,

those who dun him ! an d since he has alw ays a ed in his li fe of the noblest n at u r al virtu es th an ,

”
m elodio s good m ornin g ! f or “ gentlemen of the Rom an C ato His strict adhe ence to the
u .
r

property an d standin g ” it is cert ain th at he never nicest rul es of e quity — hi s i nte grity honor an d in
'

, , ,

s narls at be gga rs He who is quick to m ake room corruptible f aith— his j e alo u s w atch f ulness over
.

fo r a doctor of divini ty will of co urse see to it the ri ghts of his f ellow ci ti zens an d his gener
, , ,
ous ,

th at he never r uns against a porter ; an d he who devotion to their interest proc u red for him the ,

cle rs the way fora l ady will be sure never to run

a ,
s u blime a ppe ll ation o f The J u st ”
Tow ards f ree . .

against a m arket w om an orj ostle an apple se ller s

- men his li f e was a mode l of every thin g j us t an d
,
-
’

bo ard I f acc u sed o f be atin g down his l aundress n oble : b ut to his sl aves he was a m onster A t
. .

to the lowest f ra ction of m akin his boot b l ack his m e als when the dishes were n ot done to his
g ,
- ,

c all a dozen times for his p ay o f higgli n g an d likin g or when his sl aves were c areless or in at
, ,
'

sc rewin g a fish b oy till he t akes off two c ents or ten tive in se rvin g he wo u ld seize a thong an d , ,

of thre atenin
g to disch ar ge h is se amstress unless violently b e at them in presence o f his guests ,
.
.

she will work for a shillin g a day ! how e asy to When they grew Old or dise ase d , an d were n o
b rand it al l a s sl ander by showin th at he p ays lo n ger service able howe ver lon g an d f aith f ully
g , ,

his m inister i n adv ance is genero us in Christm as they mi gh t h ave served hi m he either t urned
, ,

prese nts, gives a S plendi d new ye ar s p arty ex them adri ft an d le f t them to peri sh or starved
“
'
’
- ,
,

pends h undreds on elections an d p uts his n ame them to de ath in his own fam ily N o facts in his
,
.

with a ro und sum on the s ubscrip tion p aper of the history are b etter authentic ate d than the se
-
.

mission ary society . N o people were ever m ore hospitab le an d m u .

Who c an forget the hosp it ality O f Kin g Herod n ific en t th an the Rom ans an d none m ore tou ched
'

,
,

th at m odel O f generosity beyond al l ancient with the su ff erin gs of others Their p ublic thea . .

f ame ” who o ff ered h al f his kin gdom to a u est tres O f ten run g with lo u d weepin g tho u s ands son
, g ,
,

as a com e ns ation f or an
,
p hour s am usement b in g conv ul sively at once over ficti tio us woes an d
’
.
 O bj ection s C on sidered — S l av e hol din g Hosp ital ity .

In the i nteri or of M ississippi I was invite d to as C o er sai d o f E n gl and With al l thy f au lts ,

the ho use of a pl anter where I was receiv e d with ,

I love thee still my co untry ) And nothin g b ut ,

gre at cordi ality an d entert ained with m arked , the abomin ations of sl avery co u ld h ave ind u ce d
hospitality . him willin gly to f orsake a l and ende are d to h im
“
There I saw a m aster i n the midst of his by al l the a ssoci ations of childhood an d yo u th .

hou sehold sl aves The evenin g p assed most ple a .

.
Yet it is c an did to adm it th at it is n ot al l gold
san tl
y as indeed
,
it m u st where assid u o u s hospi ,
.
th at glitters There i s a fictitiou s kindness an d
.

tal itie s are exercised to wards the gu est . hospit ality The famo u s Robin Hood was kind
.

L ate in the m ornin g when I had gained the , an d genero u s—no m an more hospit abl e —he rob .

ta rdy consen t o f my host to go on my way as a , be d the rich to s u pply the necessi ties of the poor .

fin al ac t o f kindness he c alle d a sl ave to show ,

O thers rob the poor to besto w gi f ts an d l avish
m e across the fields b y a ne arer ro u te to the m ain kindnes s an d hospit alit y on their rich friends an d
‘

ro ad . D avid s aid he ‘go a n d show this ge n ,

’
,
. nei ghbors It is an e asy m atter for a m an to ap
. .

tl e m an as f ar as the post ofii c e D o y ou know - .

-

pe ar kind an d generou s when he b estows th at ,

the b ig b ay tree ? Yes sir Do y ou kno w ’

, .
’
which others h ave e arne d .

where the cotton mill is ? Yes sir Where ’ ‘

,
’
.
‘
I said there is a fictitio u s k in dness an d he s
,

Sq ui re M alcolm s ol d field is Y e —s sir s aid ’ -

, ,
’
p ital ity I once kn ew a m an who le f t his wi fe
.

D avid ( be ginnin g to be b e wildered )

, Do y ou . an d children three d ays witho ut fi re wood with ,
-
,
.

know where Squ ire M alcolm s cotton field is ? ’ ’

ou t bre ad st uff an d witho u t shoes
- while the
, ,

N o sir N o sir s aid the enr aged m aster w s covered with sno w —
‘
, .
’
, ,
’
, g ro u n d a th at he mi ght in .

l evel l in g his gun at him ‘

Wh at do y ou stan d . d ul ge in his c u ps A nd when I atte mpted to .

here s ayin g Y e s yes yes f or when y o u don t

, , , , , ,
’
expost ul ate with him he took the s ubj ect o ut of ,

k now All this was accomp anied with threats my h an ds an d exp ati at in g on the evils o f in te m
,

an d imp re c a tion s an d a m anner th at contr asted-

, p e ran c e more eloq uently th an I co ul d concl u de d ,

str an gely with the rel igiou s c on versa tion a n d gen by w arnin g me with tears to avoid the sn ares of , ,
”
tl e m an n ers o f the previo us evenin g . the l atter He had tender feel i n gs ye t a h ard
.
,

he art I once k new a yo u n g l ady of polished

The Re v J A M E S H D I C K E Y f orm erly a sl ave
.

. .
,
m anners an d accom plished ed uc ation , who wou ld
h ol der in So u th C arolin a now p a stor of the Pres , weep with symp athy over the fictitio u s woes ex
b y terian Ch urch in Hennepin I II in his Revi ew ,
. hib ite d In a n ovel An d wakin g f rom he r reverie .

of N evins Biblic al Antiqu ities ” after assertin g

’
,
of grie f while her eye was ye t wet with te ars
, ,

th at sl aveholding tends to be get a spirit o f c ru wou ld c all her little w aiter an d if she did n ot ,

appe ar at the first c all wo uld rap her h ead with

"

c ity an d tyr anny an d to destroy every generou s ‘

,
,
her thimble till m y he ad ache d
he adds the follow
.

g (pa
”
an d noble f eelin
ge , I kne w a m an who was fa m ed for k indly
in g as a note sym p ath i es He once took off his shirt an d gave
.

It m ay be th at this will be considered censo it to a poor white m an The s ame m an hired a .

t io n s an d the proverbi al
, generosity an d hospit al bl ack m an an d gave him for his dail y task
, ,

ity of the so uth will be appe ale d to as a full con . thro u gh the winter to feed the be asts keep fi res , , ,

f utation of it The writer thinks he c an appro. an d m ake on e h u ndre d r ails : a n d i n c ase of fail

c iate so uthern kindness an d hospit ality H avin g . ure the l ash w as applied so f reely th at in the , ,

b ee n born i n Vir gini a r aised an d ed u c ated in ,

S prin g his b ack w
, as on e c on tin u e d sore f rom his ,

So uth C arolin a an d Kent ucky he is altogether ,

shou l ders to his w aist Yet this m an was a pro .

so u the rn in his f eelin gs an d h abits an d modes of , ,

f e ssor of reli gion an d famo u s for his tender sy m ,
”
fam ili ar conversation He c an say of the so uth . p thics to white m en 2
a

O um c m n IV . N O RTHE RN VIS IT O R S A T S O UTH T E S TIFY THAT

T HE , T HE
S L AV E S A RE N O T C RU E LL Y TR E AT E D ’
.

A n sws n z— Their k nowled ge this point H E N DER S O N a N orth C arolin a slavehol der in his
“
on , ,

m u st h ave been derived either from the sl ave ,

‘
decision ( in in the c ase o f the S tate versus
holders an d overseers themselves or f ro m th e Ch arity 2 De ve re au x s N orth C arol in a Reports ’
“

, , ,

slaves or from their o vm observation I f f rom

,
. 5 4 3 ill ustrate the f olly o f ar guin g the good
,

the sl aveholders their testimony has alre ady ,

tre atment of s l aves from t heir o wn decl arations ,

been wei ghed an d fou nd w antin g ; if they derived whil e in the p ower of their m asters I n the c ase .

it from the sl aves they c an h ardly be so simple above c ited the Chie f J ustice in re f usin g to p er
, ,
,

as to s uppos e th at the gu est assoc ia te an d f rie n d mit a m aster to give in eviden ce de c l ai atio n s
w
,
.
,

of the m a ster ou ld be likely to draw f r om his

,
m ade to him b y his Sl ave s ays of m asters an d ,

sl ave s an
y other testimony respe ctin g his tre at sl aves gene rally
ment of t he m th an s uch as wo uld ple ase him ,
.
“
The m aster has an almost a bsol u te c on trol
T he gre at shre wdness an d t act e xhibited by over the body an d m in d of his sl ave The m as . .

sl aves in k eep in g them sel ves ou t of difiic u l ty when ter s wil l i s the sl ave s wil l All his ac ts a l l his
’ ’
. ,

y gs are m ade with a view to propiti ate his

sa in
,
,
close questioned b y str an gers as to their tre at m aster His con fessions are m ade n ot from a
. ,

m ent c annot f ail to strike every acc ur ate oh

, love o f tr uth not f rom a sense of d uty not to
spe ak a falsehood b ut to p l ease his m aster—an d
, ,

se rver The followin g rem arks oi C HI EF J US T IC E

.
,
 bj
O e c tion s C on sidered— N orthe rn V isitors; 1 29

every day h ab its an d c aprices o f his

'

t is in v ain th at his m aster tells him to spe ak the le arn the

’

I -

t rut h an d conce als f rom him ho whe wish es the host ? O h these northern visitors tell u s they
,
“

q uestion ans were d The sl ave wil l ascert ai n or h ave visited Scor es of families at the so u th an d
. , ,
,
which is the s ame thin g think th at he has asoer never
sawa m aster or m istre ss whip their sl aves
,

ta in e d the wishe s of his m aster an d M O U L D m s

.

A N S W E R A C C O RD I N G “ We there fore more o f ten I ndeed ! T hey h a ve ‘

do ubtless visited h undreds , ,

—
.

g e t the wishes o f the m aster or the sl ave s bel i e f

‘
o f f amilies a t t h e n o rth ,
did they ever see on ’
l
,

” su ch oc c asion s the father or mother whip their

o f his wish es th an the tr uth , .
,

ch il dren ? I f so the y m u st associ ate with very

The f ollowin g extr ac t of a letter f rom the H on .
,

il l bre d pers ons Bec au se well bre d p arents do - -

S ET H M G ATE S m ember elect of the next Con

.

.
.
,
not whip their children i n the presen ce or within ,
gress f u rnishes a cl u e by which to interpret the the he arin
,
of their gu es ts are we to in f er th at
looks actions an d protest ations of sl aves when g ,
,
, ,
they never do it ou t of their S i ght an d he ar in g ?
in the presenc e o f their m asters gu ests a n d the ’
,
B ut perh aps the f act th at these visitors do n ot -

p ai ns sometimes t aken by Sl avehol ders, in te a c h ~

rem em b er seein g S l aveholders strike their sl a ves

in g their sl aves the art of p re ten din g th at they
,

merely proves th at they had so little f eelin for

,

g
l

,
are tre ate d wel l love their m asters are h appy '

,
the m that tho ugh they mi ght be S tr u ck every
, ,

The letter is d ated L eroy Jan 4 1 8 3 9 ,

.
, .
,

day in their prese nce yet as they were only sl aves

e ph M
,
I h ave sen t yo ur letter to Rev Jos . .

an d ni ers it prod uced no e ff ect upon them

’

S add C astile Genesee cou nty who resi ded five g g ”

,
,
, ,

ye ars in a S l ave st ate an d lef t d i s gu sted W i th c onseq uen tly they h ave no impressions to re call
‘

, ,

sl avery I tr u st he will give y ou some fac ts I These vis itors h ave also do ubtless rode with
.
.

remember on e fact whic hhis W i f e W i t n e sse d A scores of sl aveholder s Are they q ite cert in s
, , u a .

rel ative where she bo arded , retu rn m g to hi s they ever saw them whip their horses an d c an -

pl ant ation af ter a tempor ary abs e n ce was not they rec all the persons tim es pl ces
, '

f a an d circ um
met b y his serv ants with s u ch de m on s tr a tI o n s o , , ,

r st ances But even if these visitors re garded the

j oy as was thei r wont He o dered his horse
o Wn his w
.

took d hip o rdered hi s serv ants Sl aves with som e k ind f eelin gs when they first
p u t o u t , , ,

to the b arn an d gave them a most cr uel b e atIn g W ent to the so uth yet bein g constantly with their
,
,
,

bec au se they did not run out to mee t hi m an d Oppressors seei n them u sed as articles o f proper: ,

to h m M r S d d g ,
pretend gre at attachment i s a
ty acc u stomed to he ar them ch ar e d with al l
,
. .

ove he rd the s rv nts a reein g n ot to o g ,

had r a e a g g
n ds of m isdem e an ors their e ars filled with c om
o u t be fore his re tur n as they s d a i t he
y d i d n o ,
t ki , .

l ove himL—
,

an d this led her to w atch l l l S cond u c t pl aints of their l aziness c arelessne ss insolence
‘

, , ,

to the m 'This man wasa pro fessor of reli gion I” obstin acy stu pidity th ef ts elopem ents & c an d
.
‘
, , , , .

at the s am e time receivin

hes no rthe r n v isi tors deriv e d their in f orm a g themselves the m ost
'

If t e ,

ati fyin
ti on th at the sl ave s are not cr uelly tre a te d f rom g r g at tentions an d c aresses from the s am e .

r
ihiz ir o w n o h s er o h tio n it a m o u nts to this th e
y d i d persons who while th ey m ake to them these , _ ,

w
, ,

e re p resent ations of their sl aves are

givin g them
'

h e cr elti s inflicted the sl ves

w
e u o n a T o ,

hich we re ply th at the preceding p ages con airin gs in the i r coa ches m akin gp arties for the m
.

,
, , '

ta i ii testi m ony f rom h u ndreds o f witnesses who t akin

g them on e xc u rsi on s o f ple as u re lavishin g , ,

upon them t heir choicest ho s

t sf
e ti y t ha t they d i d se e the cr u elties whereo f pit alities an d urgin g ,

they afiirm Be sides this they contain the sol them to protr act indefinitely their st ay— wh at
.
,

h r decl
'
r tions f scores f sl vehol ders them m ore n at ur al th an f or the fl atter e d
gu est to ad
'

er r a a o o a . .

selve s ih a
u ch hosp itab l e
,l l p arts of the sl ve st ates th at the
a m ire s p e op l e c atch their s pi rit ,
, ,

an d f ul ly symp athize with their f eelin s tow ard

s l a ves a r e cr u elly tre a ted T hese decl a ra tions .
g
are more overf u lly co rrobor ated by the l aws of the ir sl aves re gardin g with incre ase d disgu st ,

slave st ates b y a m u ltit ude of a dvertisements in an d aversion those w

,
ho c an h abitually te ase an d '

the ir n e wsp pers descr ibi n g r u n aw ay S l aves b y

a ,
worry s u ch lovelin ess an d
,
g enerosity ale A f ter ,
.

their sc ars br ands gashes m aimin gs croppe d , ,

W ell sai th the S c rip ture
,
A gift b lin deth the ey es " , “
,
ears iron collars ch ains & c & c
.

T he sl aves un derstan d this though the guest m a n ot the

y
. .
, , ,
; y ,

af ter the f ore oin rr ay o f f acts an d k n ow ve ry wel l that they have n o sy m p athy to exp e c t from
'

u g g a
J Tr ly
‘
,
their master s guest ; that the good c heer of the
’
“
te stim oriy an d af ter the obj e ctors f orces h ave s b ig
'
’

house ” an d the atten tion s shown them will en eral l

,
l
'

g y , ,
o n e af te r a nother filed o ff f
be ore them now to c omm it them in their m aster s f avor an d a ai n st them ,
’
g

m arch up a p hal an x of n orthern visitors is to selves M essrs T hom e an d Kim b all in their late work
,
. .

/
, , ,

b e at a retre at ‘
Visitors ! W h at insi ght do state the f ol lowin g f act in il lustration of this feel in gam on g
’

the n egro ap p ren tices in J am aic a

. ,

c as ual visitors ge t into the tempers an d d aily T he govern or o f on e of the islan ds Shortly af ter his ar “
.

,
pr actices of those whom they visit or of the rival di n ed wi th on e of the wealthiest p rop rietOIs T he , , .

n ext d ay on e of the n egro es of the estate said to an othe r

tre atment th at their S l aves receive at their h ands De n e w gub n er b een p oison d ” W hat dat y ou say ? , “ ‘
'
.
"
,

especi ally if these visitors are stran gers an d f rom in q uired the otherin aston ishm en t De gub n er b ee n p oi “

Dah n ow Howhim oiso n ed 2”

, ,
son d !
'
'

H i m eat -

a re gion where there are no sl aves an d wh ich m ass a s turtl e s ou l ast i

,
sai the shre w
,

” ’

gh t d n e gro T he ,
p n , .

claims to be oppose d to S l avery Wh at op p or other took his m ean in g at on c e ; an d his sy m p athy for the
gover n or was turn ed in to c on c ern f or him self w
_ .

he n he
tun ity has a stra n ge r an d a temporary guest to p erceived that the oi son was on e f rom w hic h I n was l i l
.

,
p ke y ,

9
 Obj ection s C on sidered—N orthe rn Visitors .

the v isitor had b een in cont ac t with the sl ave gl e gl ance behind it an d at the p aint an d v arnish
,

hol d in g spirit lon g eno u gh to h av e imbibed it , th at cover up de ad m en s bones an d while tho se ’

,

( no very tedio u s process ) a c u fi o r even a k ick

'

, , who h ave ho axed the m with their smooth stories ,

a dministered to a sl ave wo uld not be likely to an d white w ashed specimens o f sl avery

,
.
are ti t ,
.

give him su ch a shock th at his m emory wo ul d terin gat their gul libility they ret urn in the sprin g ,

lon g ret ain the traces of it B ut lest we do these .

on the s ame f ool s err and with the ir predeces sors
’
-
,

vis itors inj ustice we will suppose th at they c ar , .

retailin g thei r lesson an d mo u thin g the praises ,

rie d with them to the so u th h um ane f eelin gs f or o f the m asters an d the com f orts o f the sl aves
, .

the slave an d th at those f eelin gs rem ained un

, They now b ecome village u mpir es in al l disp u tes
b l u nted still wh at op port unity c o u ld they h ave
,
.
abo u t the condition o f thesl aves an d e ac h thence
,

to witness the act u al condi tion of the sl aves ? f orw ard ends al l c ontroversies with his orac u l ar ,

They come i n cont act with the house serv ants -

I ve seen an d s ure I o ught to know ”
’

,
.

only an d as a gener al thin g with none b ut the

, , , B ut al l northern visitors at the sou th are n o t
select ones of these the p arl or serv an ts ; who - thus asil u lled M any o f them as the p re
,
e y g .
,

ener ally di ffer as widely in their appe ar ance ceding p ages show h ave too m u ch sense to b e
g ,
,

an d tre atment f rom the cooks an d sc ullions in c au ght with c hafi '

the kitchen as p arlor fu rnit u re does f rom the

, We m ay add here th at those cl asses of v isitors ,

kitchen u tensils Cert ain se rv ants are assi gne d to

. whose rep resent ations of the tre atm ent of sl aves
the p arlor j ust as certain articles of fu rnit ure are are most infl uen ti al in m o ldin
u the opinions of
g
,

selected for it to b e seen — an d i t is no less ridio

, the free states are mini sters of the gospel agents
, ,

ul ous to in f er th at the k itche n sc u llions are of

benevol en t societies an d te achers who have ,

clothe d an d tre ated like those servants who w ait tr aveled an d tempor arily reside d i n the sl ave
at the t able an d are in the presence of gue sts st ates—cl asses of persons less likely than an .

, ,
y
th an to in fer th at the ki tchen is set ou t with so others to witness cru elties becau se sl avehol ders
f as ottom ans pi ano f ortes an d full len gth m
,

, ,
ir -
,
-
generally t ake m ore p ains to keep s u ch visitors
ror e bec ause the p arlor is B u t the ho u se sl aves in i gnorance th an others bec au se the ir voc ation s
'

-
, .
, .

are only a fr action of the whole n umber The . wo u ld fu rnish them f ewer opportun ities f or wi t .

fi el d han ds constit u te the gre at mass of the

- n e ssin
g the m an d bec ause they come in contact
,

sl aves an d these the vis itors r arely get a gli mpse

, with a cl ass o f society in which f ewer atroci ties
at They are aw ay at their work by d ayb re ak are co m m itted th an in an
.
, y oth e r an d th at to o , ,

an d do not return to their h u ts till d ark Their u n der circ u m st ances which m ake it almost
“

.
im .

h u ts are com m only at some dist ance from the m as possible for them t o w itness those whic h are
act u all
ter s m ansion an d the fields in which they l abor y com mitte d
’
, ,
.

gener ally m uc h f arther, an d out of si ght I f the . O f the n um ero u s cl asse s o f persons f rom the .

visitor tr averses the pl antation c are is t aken th at , north who tempor arily reside in the slave states ,

he does not go alone ; it he expresses a wi sh to the m ech an ics who find emp l oyme n t on the p l an .

see it the horses are s addled an d the m aster or

, ,
tation s, are the only p ersons who are in circ um ~

his son gallops the rou nds wi th him ; if he ex st ances to look behind the scenes ” M erch ants .
,

presses a desire to see the sl aves at work his ,

pedl ars venders o f p atents drovers spec ul ators
, , ,
,

cond uctor will k now where to tak e him an d an d almost al l descriptions of persons w ho go
'

when an d whic h of them to show the overseer

, ,
f rom the free st ates to the so u th to m ake money ,

too k n ow qu ite too well the p art he has to ac t on see little of sl avery except up on the road at p ub
,
a
su ch occ asi ons to shock the u niniti ated e ars of
'

lic inns an d in vill ages an d cities

, , .

, , .

the visitors with the shrie k s of his victim s I t is . Le t n ot the re ader in f er fro m wh at has b een
m ani fest th a t visitors c an see only the le ast re . s ai d th at the p arl or sl aves ch am b er m aids & c
,
-
,
-
, .

p ulsive p arts of sl avery in asm u ch as it is wholly ,

in the sl ave st ate s are n ot tre ated w ith cr uelty
at the op tion of the m as te r wh at p arts to show ,
f ar f rom it They o f te n experience terrible in
. .

them ; as a m at ter of necessity he c an se e o n ly , l

fl ic tion s ; n ot gener ally so t e rri b le or so freq u en t
the ou tside— an d th at like the o u tside of door ,
as the fiel d h a nds an d very r arely in the presence
-
,

knob s an d andirons is f urb ishe d up to b e l ooked of ue stsfi" Ho u se sl aves are fo r the most p art -

, g .

a t; So lon g as i t i s h u m an n ature to we ar the tre ate d far be tter th an p l an tation s l ave s an d ,

be st side ou t so lon g the n orthern guests of

, Rev Joss rn M S A DD a Presb y terian clergy m an in
. .
, ,

so uthern sl aveh ol ders will see next to nothing of C astile G en e see coun ty
, N Y rec en tly f rom Missouri, . .
,

the re ality of sl avery Those visitors m ay still where he has p reac hed fi ve y ears in the m i dst of slave ,

holde rs say s in a l etter j ust re ceived sp e ak in g of the

.
‘ -
, , ,
k eep up their aut u mn al m i gr ations to the sl ave
p ai n s tak en b y sl ave hold ers to con ce al from the ey es of
st ates an d after a h asty su rvey of the tin sel
, , stran gers an d visitors the crue l ties whic h they in fl i c t up on
,

h un g b e f ore the c urtain of sl ave ry without a sin their slaves

I t is diffi c ul t/ to b e an ey e witn e ss of these thin gs ; the
,
“ -

to suff e r m o e than r his excel l en cy ” —E man c ip ation i n the

m aster an d m istress alm ost in variab ly p u n ish the ir sl aves ,
on l y in the p reseTi c e of other sl ave s or b e fo re other m em
.

W es t I n di es , p 334 ,

b e rs of the ir ow
"
n f am il y an d of ten at the de ad of n ight
. .

.
,
 1 32 Obj ectwn s C on sid ered— In te re st of Maste rs .

On m c rrou '
V .
IT IS FO R T H E I N T E RE ST O F T H E M AST E RS TO TR EAT TH E I R
S L AV E S W E LL .
’

So it i s for the interest of the dru nk ard to q u i t tim eto nomin ate his su ccessor Sinc e then as a .
, ,
his C Up s ; for the gl utton to c urb his appetite ; for m atter of fact a hos t of appet ites an d p assions d o
,

the d eb au chee to bridle his l u st ; f or the sl uggard hourl y ge t the b etter of love o f m oney wh at pro ,
to be U p betimes for the spendthrif t to be eco te c tion does the sl ave fin d in his m aster s in terest ’
,
n e m ic al an d for al l sinners to stop sinnin
, g E ven .
against the sweep of his p assions an d ap etites
p
if it were f or the interest of m aste r s to tre at their Besides a m aster c an in flic t u pon his sl ave hor
,

sl aves well he m ust b e a novice who thi nks that

, rible cru elties without perceptibly inj urin g his
a proo f th at the sl aves are well tre ated T he .
he alth or tak in g time from his l ab or or lessenin g
whole history of man is a re cord of re al interests
, ,

his v alue as property Blows with a sm all stick .

sacrificed to present
gra tific ation I f al l m en s ’
give more ac ute p ain th an with a l arge on e A
.

, .

actions were consistent with their b es t in terests , cl ub bruises an d benu mb s the n erve s while a
, ,
f olly an d sin wo u ld be words witho u t me anin g . sw itc h neither bre akin n or b r uisin the flesh in
,
g g ,
I f the objector me ans th a t it i s for the p ec u
'

stead of b luntin g the sense of feelin g w ake s up ,

m ary interests of m as ters to tre at their sl aves
'

an d stin s
g to torture al l the s u scepti b ilities of p ai n .

well an d thence in fers their good tre atment we

, , By this kind of i n fli ction m ore act ual cru elty c an ,

reply th at thou gh the l ove o f money is strong y e t b e perpetrated in the ivin o f p ain at the ins tant
.

g
, ,
‘
g ,
appe tite an d l ust pride an ger an d reven g
, e the , , th an b y the most horribl e b ruisin s an d l ac erations ;
g
love of power an d honor are e ach an overm atch an d th at too w
, ith little comp ar ative h az ard to
, ,

for it ; an d When e ithe r o f them is ro u se d b y a

'

’
the sl ave s health or to his v al ue as property an d , ,
su dde n stim ul ant the lov e of money is w orste d in
, withou t loss of time from l ab o r E ven givin g to .

the gr apple w ith it L ook at the ho urly l avish

.
the obj ection al l the fo rc e cl aimed f or it wh at ,

o u tl ay s of m oney to proc ure a m oment ary gratifi protection is it to the sl ave It p rof esses to
c ation for those p assions an d appetites As the dc .
-
. shield the sl ave f rom su ch tre atm ent alone as ,

sire f or m oney is in the m ain , merely a desire for

, wo u ld either l ay him aside from lab or or inj u re ,

the m e ans of grati fyin g other desires or rather , his he alth an d th u s l e ssen his v al u e as a workin g
,

f or on e of the me an s it m u s t b e the servan t not ,

a nim al m akin g him a damage d artic l e i n the
,

the soverei gn of those de sires to whose gratific a m arket N ow is nothin g bad treatm en t of a hu
'

. .
, ,

tion its only u se is to minister B ut even if the . m an bein g except th at which prod uces these e f
love of m oney were the stron gest h um an p assion ,
f e c ts ? Does the fac t that a m an s c onstitu tion is ’

who i s simple en ough to believe th at it is all the n ot act u all y sh attered an d his li fe shortene d
by ,

time so power fully excited th at no other p assion , his tre atment prove th at he is tre ated well , Is
or appetite can
get the m astery over it ? W ho _
no tre atm ent cru el excep t wh at spr ains m u scles ,

does n o t kno wth at gu sts o f rage reven ge j e a , ,

o r c u ts sinews or b u rsts blood vessels or bre ak s , ,

lo u sy an d l ust drive it b e fore th em as a te mpest bones an d th u s le ssens a m an s v al ue as a work

,
’

tosses a fe ather ? in g anim al

T he obj ector has forgo tte n his first lessons ; they A sl ave m ay ge t blows an d k ic k s e very hour in
tau ght him th at it is h um an n ature to gra ti fy the the day without h avin g his consti tu tion b roken
, ,

up p ermost p assio n : an d is p ru den c e the up p e r or witho u t s u ff erin

g sensibly in his he alth or flesh , ,

most p assion with slaveholder s an d sel f restraint ,

- or appetite or power to l ab o
r , T here f ore b e ate n . ,

their gre at ch ar acteristic The stron gest feelin g an d kicked as he is he m u st b e tre ated w el l ac , ,

e of th at m oment cordin g to the obj ector since the m aste r s in ter

'
’
of an
y mom nt is the soverei g n , ,
.

an d r ules Is a propensity to pr actice ec on omy

.
est does n ot s uff er there b y .

the predomin ant feelin g with sl aveholders Ri Finally the obj ector vi rtually m aint ain s th at al l
,

d ic ul ous E very northerner knows th at sl ave possib le priv at ions an d in fl ic tion s s u ff ered b y
holders are proverbi al f or l avish expendit u res , sl aves th at do not act ually cripple the ir p ower to
,

never hi gglin g abou t the p rice of a gratific ation . l abor an d m ake them d am aged merch and ize
,
‘
,
’

are to b eset down as ood tre atm ent an d th at

’
H um an p assion s h ave not like the tides re gul ar , , g ,

ebbs an d flows with their st ation ary hi gh an d

, ,
nothin g is bad tre atn ien t e x c ept wh at prod uces
low w ater m arks They are a dom inion conv ulsed
.
these e ff ects .

with revol utions ; coron ations an d dethronements Th us we see that even if the sl ave were e ff ec t .

in ce aseless s uccession—e ach ruler a u surper an d

~

\
ual l y shielded fr om al l those in fl ic tion s which by , ,

a despot L ove of m oney gets a sn atch at the

.
lessenin g his v al ue as property would inj ure the ,

sceptre as well as the rest not b y hereditary ri ght , ,

interests of his m aster he wo uld still h ave no ,

b ut bec au se i n the fl uct uations o f h u m an f eel

,
prote ction against n umberless an d terribl e cr uel .

in gs a chance w ave w ashe s him up to the throne

, ,
ties B ut we go f urther an d m aint ai n th at in t e
. ,

an d the next perh aps w ashes him off witho ut ,

s p ect to lar ge cl asses of sl aves i t is for the in ,
.
 Objection s C on sider
ed— In tere st of Maste rs . 1 33

( c r est oftheir m aste rs to tre at them with b arb arou s others I t is for the in terest of the m asters (at
.

l
inh um anity .
le as t they b elieve it to be ) to p u t u pon s u ch sl aves
1 O l d sl ave s It wo ul d be for the i nterest of
. .
iron coll ars an d ch ains to brand an d crop them ,

the m asters to shorten th eir d ays .

to d isfi gu re l ac e rate st arve an d torture them — ih
, ,

2 W or n ou t sl aves M ulti tu des of sl aves by b e

. .
a word to in fl ict u pon them s u ch ve n ge ance as
,

m g ove rwb rk e d h ave the ir constit utions broken in ,

sh all strike terror into the other s l aves T o th is \
.

”
middle li fe It wo ul d be econ om ical for m asters
.
class m ay b e adde d the incorri gi b ly thievish an d
to st arve or fl og s uch to de ath .
indolent ; it wo ul d be for the interest of the m as
3 T he in c urab l y disease d an d m aim ed In al l
. .
ters to tre at them with s uch seve rity as wo uld dc .

s u ch c as es it wo u ld b e c he aper for m asters to b uy te r others f rom f ollowin g their ex ample .

poison th an medicine .
7 R u n away s When a sl av e has once r un aw ay
. .

4 T he b l in d l u n a tic s an d idiots A s al l s uc h
. .
f rom his m aster an d is c aught he is the n e e fo r ,
, ,

wo u ld be a tax on him it would b e for his interest ,

w ard tre ate d with severity It is for the interest
.
.

o f the m aster to m ake an ex ample o f him b

to shorten t heir d ays . y the ,

5 T he deaf an d d um b an d p erson s greatl y de

. ,
.
gre atest priv ations an d in fl ic tion s .

form e d S u ch m i ght or m i ght not be service ab le

.
8 H ired sl aves It is for the interest o f tho se
. .

to him m any of them at le ast wou ld b e a b urden , who"hire slave s to ge t as m uch out of them as
an d f e w men c arry b u rdens when they c an throw they c an ; the tempt ation to ove rwork them is
them o ff .
power ful I f it be s aid th at the m aster co u ld in
.
,

6 F eebl e in f an ts A s s u ch wo u ld require m uch

. .
th at c ase recover d am ages the answer is th at
, , ,

nursin g the time trou ble an d expense necess ary

, ,
d am ages wou ld not b e recoverable i n l awun l es s
to raise them wou l d gener ally be m ore th an they act ual inj ury—eno u h to imp air the power of
, g
wo uld be worth as work in g an im al s H ow m any the sl ave to l abor be p roved And this ord i
'

‘
-
.
.

n aril
su ch in fants wo u l d be likely to be r aise d from y wo u ld b e impossible u nless the sl ave has
’
, . ,

d isin tereste d benevolence ? T o thi s it m ay b e bee n worked so gre atly b eyond his stren gth as
-

a d ded th a t in th e f ar so uth an d so uth wes t it is to prod u ce some fatal de ran gement o f the vit al
,

notoriously for the in terest of the m aster not to f unctions Inde ed as al l who are famili ar wit h
. ,

rais e sl aves at all T o b uy sl ave s when n e arly suc h c as es in sou th ern c ourts w ell k n ow , the p r
'

’
.
eu f

rown f rom the northern sl ave st ates wou ld be of a ct ual inj u ry to the sl ave so as to lessen his
g , , ,

c hea er th an to raise them

p This is shown in the .
v al u e is ex c eedin gly di ffi c ul t to m ake ou t an d
, ,

fact th at mothers with in fants sell for less in those

,
every hirer of sl aves c an overwork them give
“

s t ates tha n those witho u t them And when sl ave . .

them insu ffi cien t f ood clo thin g an d shelter an d , , ,

tr aders p u rch ase s u ch in the upper co untry it is !

,
in fl ic t upon them n am eless cruelties with en tire
"
notorious th at they n ot u n freq u ently either sell imp u nity We rep e at then th at it is for the in ter
.

their in fants , or give them aw ay There fore it e st of the hirer to p u sh his sl aves to their u tm o st
.

wo uld be for the in terest o f the m asters throu gh ,

s tren gth provi ded he does n ot drive them to su c h
,

an extreme th at their constit u tions a ct u ally

out th at re gion to h ave al l the new born chil ,
- . , give
d ren le f t to perish
. It woul d also be for his .
way un der it while in his h ands The s upreme , .

co urt o f M aryl an d has deci ded th at There m u st

'

i nterest to m ake s u ch arr an gem ents as e ff ect u ally ,

to sep arat e the sexes or if th a t were n ot done so , ,

be a t l east a d im in u tion of the f a c u l ty of the sl ave
to overwork the f e m ales as to prevent childbe arin
g . f or bod il y l abor to w arr ant an action b y the m as
7 I n corrigib l e sl aves O n most of the l arge
. .
ter — l H arris an d J ohn son s Rep orts 4
’
.
’
, .

plant ations there are more or less incorri gible

, , ,
9 . S l aves u n d er overseers whose wages are p ro
sl aves —th at is slaves who wil l n ot b e profit ab le
, , p ortion e d to the This is an c rop which they raise .

to their m asters— an d fro m whom tor ture c an ex arr an ement common in the sl ave states an d in its
g ,

tort little b ut de fiance "t These are frequ ently
sl aves o f u n common m inds who f eel so keenly
the wron gs of sl avery that their pro ud spirits
. practic al operation is e qu iv alent to a bo unty on
,
hard drivi n g—a virtual premi um o ffere d to over
seers to keep the slave s whipped up to the top of
'

sp u rn their ch ains an d de fy their tormentors .

their stre n gth E ven where the overseer has a .

They h ave commonly gre a t sway over the fixe d s alary i rrespe ctive of the val ue of the crop ,

o ther sl aves their ex ample is cont agio u s an d their

, ,
which he takes off he is stron gly tempted to e ver ,
'

infl u ence s ub versive of pl ant ati on discipline ‘

.
’ work the sl aves as those overseers ge t the hi ghest ,

C onseq uently they m u st be m ade a w arnin g to w ages who c an drawthe l ar gest income from a
pl ant ation wi th a given n um b er of slaves ; so th at
"

Advertise m en ts l ik e the fol lowin gare n ot un freq uen t in

thern we m ay incl ude in this l ast cl ass of sl ave s the
p ap e rs
,
the so u .

F rom the E l izab eth ( N i C ) P hen iz , J an 5 , 1 839 . . .

m ajority of al l those who are under overseers ,
-

“
r
T he sub sc rib e off e s for sa e his b ac k sm i h 1 NA T , 28 r l l t wh atever the terms on which those overseers are
rs
y ea of age , an d rem ark ab l y l arge an d l ik el y T he on l y
R employed
.

cause of m y se l l in g him is I C N O C O NT O L m m A N T .

J Another class of sl aves m ay b e m en tione d ; we

.

H artf or d , D ec 5 , 1 838 . O DON

”
. . G R .
1 34 Obj ection s C on sidered— In te rest of Masters .

r e fer to the sl aves of m asters who b et u pon the i r do ub le work for a fe w weeks or months whil e ,

crops In the co tton an d suga r re gion there is a

. the price is up he c an afi ord to lose a n um b er 0 1 9
,
.

f e arf ul amo unt of this desperate gamblin g i n , them an d to lessen the v al u e o f al l by over
which tho ugh money is the ostensible stake an d
, drivin g A cotton pl anter with a h u ndred vi gor
.
-
0

f or feit hum an l if e i s the re al o n e

,
The len gth . ou s sl aves wo u ld h ave m ade a profitable s e c u
, p
to whi ch this riv alry i s c arrie d at the sou th an d l ation if d urin g the ye ars 34 5 an d 6 when
, ,
’
, , ,

south west the m ultit u de of pl an ters who e n

, the aver age price of cotton was 1 7 c ents a p ou nd , “

g g a e in it a n d the recklessness
,
of h u m an li f e he had so overworke d his sl aves th at h al f of ,

exhibite d in drivin g the m urdero u s game to its - them die d upon hi s h ands in 3 7 when cotton had ’
,

iss u e c ann ot well be im agined b y 0 11 8 who has

,
fallen to six an d ei ght c ents N o wonder th at .

not live d in the midst of it Desire of gain is . the poor sl aves pr ay th at cotton an d s u gar m ay
only on e o f the motives th at s tim ul ates them b e che ap The writer has f requently he ard it
.

the ec l at of h avin g m ade the l argest crop with a decl are d by pl anters in the lower co untry th at , -
,

given n u m ber of h ands is also a powerfu l stim u ,

it is more profit able to drive the sl aves to s u c h
l ant ; the sou thern newsp apers at the crop sea , over exertion as to u se them up in seven or ei ght ,

so ,n chroni c le c re lly the c otton b r g an d

a f u a
”
,
ye ars th an to give them only ordin ary t asks an d
,

the cr ack cotton pickin g an d u np ar alleled

“
.
,
“
protr act their live s to the ordin ary period * .

drivin g & c ”
E ve n the editor o f pro f es se dly
, . 4 Un tim el y season s
. ‘Vhen the winter e n .

reli gio u s p apers cheer on the m el ee an d sin g ,

c roac he s o n the S prin
g an d m a kes l ate see d t i me , ,

the tri umphs of the victor Amon g th ese we ,

.
the first f avorable we ather is a temptation to
rec ollect the cele br ated Rev J N M aflit recen t . . .
,
overwork the sl aves too stron g to be resiste d by ,

l y edito r of a rel igous p aper at N atche z M iss in , .

those who hold m en as mer eworkin g anim als “

which he took c are to assi gn a prom ine nt pl ace ,

S o when f rosts set in e arly an d a gre at amo u nt of ,

an d c ap ital s to THE C O TT ON B RAG ” The te stim o .

work is to b e done in a little time or gre a t loss ,

n
y of M r Bliss p age 3 8 det ails some of the
.
, , ,
suff ere d S o also after a lon g storm either in
.

p artic ul ars of this b ettin g u pon crops All the .

seed or crop tim e when the we ather becom es ,

p recedin g cl asses of slaves are in circ um stances favor able the s ame temp t ation p re sse s an d i n
, ,
'

which m ake it for the in terest of t heir m asters ” ,

al l these c ases the m aster wo uld save m on e y b
y
or those w ho h ave the m an agement of them to overdriving his sl aves .

tre at them cr uelly .

5 P eriod ical p ressure of c ertain k in ds of l abor
. .

Besides the ope r atio n o f the c au ses alre ady T he m an ufac ture of s ugar is an ill ustra tion .

Spe cified which m ake it f or the interest of m as

,
I n a wor k entitle d T ravels in Lo u isi an a i n
ters an d overseers to tre at cr u elly c ertain c l asses of tr ansl ate d from the French by John ,

their sl aves a v ariety of others exist whi ch ,

D avis is the f ollowin g testimony un der this
,
,

m ake it for their interest to tre at cr uelly the he ad

:
'

At the rollin g of s ugars an interv al of from

gre at b ody their sl aves These c au ses are .
,
,

two to three m onths they ( the sl aves in L o uisi

'

the n atu re of cert ain kinds of prod uc ts the kin d ,

an a ) work b oth n ight a n d d ay Abrid ged o f
,

.
,
of l abor requ ired in c ultivatin g an d prep arin g l
their sleep they sc arcely retire to rest d urin g the
,

them for m arket the best time s for su ch l ab or , , whole period ” S ee p age 81 . .

the st ate of the m arket fl u c t uations in prices ,

In an article on the agric u lt ure of L o uisi an a ,

p ublished in the se cond n u mber of the W estern

,

f acilities for transportation the we ather se asons

Revie w” is the f oll owin g The work is ad
, , ,

& c G ee
. Som e of the c au ses which oper ate to
.
,

m itte d to be severe for the h an ds ( sl aves ) re qu ir ,

prod u ce thi s are in g whe n the process o f m akin g s ugar is c om
m e n c e d T O B E P RE SS E D N I GHT A N D DAY ”
,
_

l T he earl y m ark e t! I f the pl anter c an e t

g
.
.
,

his c rO p into m arket e arly he m ay s ave tho us ands , It wou ld be for the int e rest of the s u gar pl anter
which mi ght be lost if it arrived l ater
gre atly to overwork his sl aves d urin g the ann ual
.

2 C han ges in the m ark e t A s u dde n rise in

process of s ugar m akin g
. .
- .

the m arket with the prob ability th a t i t will b e The severity of this periodi c al pressure in ,

short or a gr ad ual fall with a prob ability th at it

, prep arin g for m arket other st aples o f the slave
will be lon g is a stron g tempt ation to the m as
, st ates besides s u gar m ay be in ferred f rom the ,

te r to p u sh his sl aves to the u tmost th at he m a

y , f ollowin g M r H ammond of S o u th C arolin a
. ,
.
, ,
in the one c ase m ake al l he c an by t akin g the , in his speech in Con gress Feb 1 1 83 6 ( See , . .
,

tide at the flood an d in the other lose as little as , .

N ation al I ntelli gencer ) s aid In the he at o f the ,

m ay be by t akin git as e arly as possible in the
, crop the loss of on e or two d ays wo uld in e v it
,
, ,

ebb .
ably r u in i t
"
.

3 H igh p ric es
.
WVhe n e v er the sl ave grown .
6 T im es of scarc ity Dro ught lon g r ain
. . , ,

st aples b ri n g a hi gh price as is now the , f rost & c are li ab le to c ut off the c orn c re p up o n
,
.
,

c ase with cotton every sl aveholder is tempted to ,

T he re ader is re ferred to a variety of f ac ts an d testimo
overw ork his sl aves By f orcin g them to do .
n y on this p oin t on the 39 th p age of this work .
1 36 .
Obj ectimts C on sideredl - In te rest of Masters .

p asis o f our c alc ul ation , an d est im atin gthe sl aves in he r m uch too l arge —we are s ure n o on e who has
“

the United St ates at two millions seven h undre d ,

an y kno wled ge of facts as they are in the
tho u san d their present prob able n u mber an d we
,
“

, so uth will ch ar ge upon us an over st atement

,
-
,

com e to this res u lt , th at there are abo ut six tho u . when we say th at o f the present generation of
,

sand ins ane persons a mon

g the sl aves of the United slaves , prob ably on e in thirty is of th at cl ass— i e . .
,

St ates We h ave no adeq uate d at a by which to

.
has at some tim e , p erh aps o f te n r un aw ay an d ,
"

j g
u d e whether the proportion of l u n atic s am on g been ret aken on that s upposition the whole
sl aves i s gre ater o r less th an amon g the whites n um b er wo u ld be n ot f ar f rom N I N ETY TH O U S A N D .

some cons iderations favor the s upposition th at it 5 th H ired S l aves

. I t is impossible to e sti .
-

’
.

i s B ut the dre ad fu l physic al violence to which

.
m ate with acc ur acy the proportion which the hired
the sl aves are s ubj ected , an d the const ant s u nde r sl aves be ar to the whole n u m b er Th at i t is very .

i ngs of the ir tenderest tie s, might le ad us to sup _

l arge al l who h ave resided at the so uth or tra ,
_

pose th at it wo uld b e more The only d ata in our .

ve l l e d there with their eyes open well k now
,

p ossession is the o ffi ci al censu s of Ch ath am co un

Some o f the l argest S l aveholders in th e cou ntry,
ty Geor gi a f or 1 838 , co n t ainin g the n u mber of
,
inste ad of p urch asin g plant ations an d workin g
,

l u natics am on g the whites an d the S l ave s — ( S ee their sl aves them selves hire them out to others ,

the S avann ah Georgi an , J uly 24 , Accord This pr actice is very comm on .

in g to this cens u s the n umber of l u n a tics am on g ,

Rev Hor ace M o ulton a minister of the M e
.
,
.

ei ght thou san d three h un dr ed an d seventy three tho dist E piscop al ch urch in M arlboro u h M as s
g , ,

whites in the c o untry is only two, where as the , ,

who live d Som e ye ars in Geor gi a s ays : A ,

n u mber amon g ten tho usand ei ght h undre d an d l arge p rop ortion o f the sl aves are owne d by m as
ninety on e sl aves is f ou rteen
-
, .
ters who ke ep them on p u rpo e to hire ou t s .

2d T he De af an d Dum b — The proportion of

. .
L arge n umbers of sl aves especi ally in M issis ,

de af an d d u m b persons to the o ther c l asses of the sipp i L o u isi an a Ark ans as Al abam a an d Flo rid a
, , , , ,

are owned by n on reside n ts ; tho us ands of them by

'

comm u nity is abo u t one in two tho usand This

,
.
-

n orthern c api tali sts who hire them ou t These

is the testim ony of the directors of the ‘ Ameri
w
.
,

w
c an Asyl um for the De af an d D um b loc ated at ’ c api talists i n m any c ase s O n l arge pl ant ati on s ,
,

H artford C onnectic u t M akin g this the b as is .

which are o f ten le ase d for a term of ye ars i th a
,

o f o ur estim ate there wo u l d b e on e tho u s an d six

stock of sl aves s uffi cient to work them .

h un dred de af an d d um b persons amon g the sl aves M ulti tu des of sl aves belon gin g to heirs, are ‘

o f the United States .

hire d out b y their guardi ans till su ch heirs b ecom e
of age or b y the exec utors or tru stees o f persons
3 d T he B l in d — W e h av e b e fore us the l ast
.
,

United St at es cens u s f rom which it appe ars , that dece ased .

in 1 830 the n u m b er of blind pe rsons in N e w Th at the re ader m ay form some i de a o f the

,

H ampshire was on e h undre d an d seventeen , out lar g e n u mb er of sl aves th at are hire d ou t we in

?
,

s ert belo wa fe w a dverti se m ents a

,

s a specime n
of a p op ul ation o f tw o h undre d an d si xty nine ,
-

of h u n dreds in the newsp apers of t he sl ave state s

tho us and five h u ndre d an d thirty three Adop t -
. .
.

in g this as o u r b asis the n u mber o f b lind sl aves in From the Pens acol a G azette M ay 2 7 ”
"

, .
,

the United St ates wo uld be ne arly on e thou sand N O T I C E T O SL AVEH OL DER S W anted u pon my .

three h u ndre d .
contr ac t on the Alab am a Florid a an d Geor gia
,
'

4 th Ru n away s — O f the prop or tion o f the

.
Ra il Ro a d F O UR HU N DR E D B L AC K LA
,

sl aves th at run aw ay , to those th at do not an d ,

B O R E RS f or whic h a liber al price will be p aid
,
.

o f the proportion o f the ru n aw ays th at are tak en

R LO RI N G C on trac tor ” .
, .

to those th at esc ape entirely it wo ul d be diffic ult ,

T he same paper has the followin g, si gne d by
to m ake a pro b able estim ate Somethin g how .
,
.

an O ffi cer of the United S t ates .

ever c an be done tow ards s uch an estim ate We

, .
W A N TED AT THE N AVY YA RD P E N SA C OLA S ix rr ,
,

h ave be fore u s in the Grand G u l f ( M is s ) A d

, LAB O RER S T he O W N ERS to s u bsist an d q uarter
.

ve rtise r, for A u gust 2 1 83 8 a list of r un aw ays them b eyond the limits of the y ard Persons '

.
, , ,

that were then in the j ails of the two co u nties o f h avin g L aborers to hire will apply to the C om
”
,

Ad am s an d W arren in th at St ate ; the n ames m andin g O ffi cer W K L ATI M E R . . . .

, ,

a es & c of e ach on e given ; an d their owners

g ,
.

From the Richmon d ( Va ) . E nq uirer,

”
A pril
are c alle d u pon to t ak e them aw ay The n um .

1 0 1 83 8 .

b er of r u n aw ays th u s t aken up an d comm itted in

LAB O RE R S W A NT ED — The James River an d
these two co u nties is F O RT v S i x The whole . .

Ken awha Comp any are in imm edi ate w ant of

- .
,
,
n u mber of cou n ties i n M ississippi is fif ty six -
,
S EV E RA L HU N DRED good l aborers Gentlemen .

M any of them ho wever , are thinly p op u l ate d

, . wishin g to sen d ne groes f rom the cou ntry are ,

N ow w itho u t m akin g thi s the b asis of our esti

, ass u red th at the very best c are sh all be t aken of

m ate for the whole slave pop ul ation i n al l the them . RICHARD R EI N S ,

en w
”
s ta te —which wo ul d do ubtless m ak e the n um A gen t of the J am es River an d K a ha C o , .
 Oj
b ection s C on sidered— In te rest of Masters . 1 37

From the Vicksb u r g ( M is ) Re gister . ,

”
De c . T O HI RE O n Wednes day the 2 6th
N EGR O E S . ,

inst I will hire to the hi ghest bidder the

. .
,

N E GR O E S b elon gin g to Ch arles an d Robert

60 N EG R O ES , m ales an d f em ales , f or hire for
I nnes G EO W WI LL IA M S
H H E N DRE N
. . .

the ye ar 1 839 Ap ply to . .

.

G u ard ian .
”

From the Georgi a M essen ger ” Dec , . 27 ,

The f ollow in n in e advertisem ents were p ub
1 8 38 g
.

N HG RO E S T o HI RE O n the first T u esd ay next l ishe d I n on e col um n O f the

.
Winche ster Virgi ,

Incl u din g CARP E N T E RS B LAC KS M I THS m an

”
Dec 20 1 838 , , . .

S H O E M A KE RS S E A M STRE S S E S C O O KS , N E GRO HIRI N GS , , ’

disc & c F or in f orm ation A pply to

'

’
. .

” WI LL be O ff ere d fo r hire at C aptain Lon g 8

O SSIA N GR E G O RY
,

H otel a n u m b er o f S L A V E S — m en wom en
.

, ,

From the Alex andri a ( D C ) G e te D ec : boys an d girl s—b e lon gin g to the orp h an s of
,
”
az t . .
,

30 1 83 7 . George Ash dece ased , .

”
T H E subscriber W i shes to emp l oy by the month RICHARD W BART O N .

or ye ar ON E HU N DRE D AB L E B O D I ED MEN A N D G uardian ,

,
TH I RTY B O Y S Persons h avin g serv ants W i ll do
.
WI LL be O ff ere d for hire a t m y Hotel a n u m
,

well to give him a c all PH I L I P R O ACH b er of S L AV E S consistin g of m en women ,

. ,
, ,

” 0
ne ar Al ex andri a , ,

b oys an d girls J O S E PH LO N G
.

. .

Fm m the Col mbi ( S C ) Teles ope M ay

u a c ”
E rr of E dmu n d S hac k l ef ord d ec d
. .
, .
,
’

1 9 1 838 .

W A N TED T o H I RE twelve or f i f teen N E GR O

'
W I LL b e o ff ered for hire for the ens ui n g ye ar , ,
,
at C apt L on g s Hotel a n u m b er O f S L AV E S
’

GIR L S from ten to f o urteen ye ars of age They .

.

”
, .

M
,

are w anted for the term of two or three ye a s r .

O S E S R R I CHARDS . .

E H J FIS HER ” WI LL b e O ff ered for hire the sl aves b elon gin g

. . . .
,

N EGR O E S W A N TED T HE S ubscriber is desirous to the estate o f J ames B owen dece ased consist
.
, ,
.

of hirin g 5 0 or 6 0 fi rst ra te N egro M en

. in g of men an d women boys an d girls .
, ,
.

WI L S O N N E S B ITT GI L E S C O O K . .

From the N orfol k ( Va ) Be acon ”

M arch O n e of the Ea rs of J ames B owen dee d .
,
.
’

21 1 83 8 .
T HE hirin g at M illwood will t ake pl ace on
LAB O RER S W A N TE D O n e h undred able bodie d Fr id ay .
the 28th day of December, 1 838 .

men are w a nted The h ands will b e requ ire d to

,
.
BUR W E LL .

b e delivere d in H ali fax by the own ers Apply to N B We are desired to say th at other v al ua .

WA L KE
. .

S HIE L D b l e N E GR O E S will also be hire d at M il l wood

.
.

‘f
From the Lyn chb u r g Virgini an ”
De c 1 3 on the same day b esides those Offere d b y M r B ,
.
,
'

,
. .

1 838 S L AV E S of the l ate John JO l l ifie about

'

T HE ,
40 N EGR O M EN The subscri b ers wish to hir e .
twe nty i n n umber an d of al l ages an d b oth ,
for the n ext ye ar 4 0 N E GRO M EN .
sexe s will be O ffered for hire at C ain s Depot
,
’
.

L AN G HO RN E SCRUGGS CO O K , .
DAVID W BARTO N . .
"

”
H I R I N G O F N EGR O E S O n S a t urd ay the 29th .
A dm in ist ra tor
,
.

day O f December 1 8 38 at M rs; I ay l oe s tavern ,

' ‘ ’
,
I WI LL h i re at p ub lic hirin g be fore the t avern
,
i n Am herst cou nty there w ill be hired thirty or door o f D r L acy abou t 30 N EG RO ES consist
,
.
’
, ,
forty v al u able N e groes
in g of me n an d W om en
.

.
,
I n addition to the above , I h ave for hire 20 JA M E S R RI CHARDS ,

men women boys an d girls — sever al O f t hem

. .

, , ,

e xcellent house serv ants W I LL b e hire d at C arter s T avern on 3 l st of

.
,
’
,

M AURIC E H GA R L AN D Decem b er a n um b er of N E GRO E S ’

. . .
,

From the S avann ah Geor gi an F eb 5 1 838” J O H N J H GU N N E LL . . .

. .
, ,

W A N TE D T o HI RE O N E HU N DRE D prim e ne groes N EGR O E S F O R H I RE ( PR IVATE L Y

, Abo u t twelve , , .

by the ye ar . J V R E D D EN ” serv ants consistin g o f m en w om en b Oy s an d

. . .
, , , ,

” g irls for hire priv ately A pply to the s ubscriber

From the N orth C rolin S t and rd F eb
a a a , .
,
.

at C ol Sm ith s in B attletown ’

3 1 1 838
. .

J O H N W O W EN ”
N EGR O E S W A N TE D —W
. .

A STITH will . . .
,

ive twelve doll ars per m onth for F I F T Y stron g A vol u me mi ght e asily be fille d with ad vertis e
Ne gro fellows to commence work immediately m ents like the precedin g showing c onclu sively
.
,

.
,

an d for F I F T Y more on the first day O f F eb u a: th at hire d s l aves m u s t be a l ar e pro ortion o f -

g p
an d for F I F T Y on the first d ay o f M arch
”
ry
the whole n u m b er The act ual proportion has
'
.
,
.

Fromt e L e n gton ( y ) Reporter Dec been v ario u sly estim ate d at g i

h xi K ”
i & c if we
.
, .
, , , , .

2 6 1 838 .
adopt the l ast as O ur b asis it will m ake the -
,

W I LL RE H I RE D for on e ye ar on the first n um ber of hired sl aves in the United S tate s

, ,
,
'

,
day of J an u ary 1 83 9 on the farm of the l ate M rs
,
FI VE HU N DRE D AN D TO RT Y TH O U S A N D !
, .

M ere dith a n umbe r of v al uable N EG RO E S

aves u n der overseers w hose wages are a
, .

6 th S l
R S T O DD Sheri ff O f Fayette C O
. . , .
.

And C urator for James an d p art of the crop That this is a common u s age -
.

E liz ab eth Brecke nrid ge ” appe ars from the f ollowin

g testimony The late . .
 O bj ection s C on sidered— In te rest of Maste rs .

H on John T ay lor
. C arol ine Co Virgini a on e esc ape the ch ar ge of wishin g to m ake out a
, of . ,

of the l ar gest sl aveholders in the st te , Preside t

a n stron g c a se ”
wh en we p ut the proportion at on e
o f the St a te A gric u lt ur al Society an d three e ighth of the whole n umber of sl aves which , ,

ti m es elec te d to the Sen ate O f the United St ates , wo uld be three hu n dre d an d fif ty thousan d .

”
s ays in his A gric ul t ur l ss ys N o 1 5 E
,
a E a Witho u t drawin g out Upon the p age a sum in , . . .
,

a ddition for the re ader to ”

run u p it is e asily ,

This necess ary cl ass o f men ( overseers ) are seen th at the sl aves in the precedin g cl as ses , , ,

bribe d by agric u lt uralists not to improve b u t to amo u nt to mor e th an E L EVE N HU N DRE D TH O U S A N D

, , ,

impoverish their l and by a share of the crop f or excl usive O f the de af an d d umb an d the blin d
,
, ,

on e
y ea r T he gre ate st ann ual crop m a ny o f whom especi ally the f ormer mi ht be
. ,

l g , ,
a d not th e most j dicio u u c u tu re adv n
a c hi
w
n s e s s
'

profit able to their o ners ” ,

interest an d est abl ishes his ch ar acter ; an d the

.

owit is pl ainly fo r the in terest of the

,
N ”
f ees O f these l and doctors are m uch higher for -
owners
,

The most of these sl aves or O f those who h ave the ch ar ge

'

killin g th an for c u rin g . ,

which the l an d c an yield an d seldom or never of them to treat them c r u el l y to overwork , , , ,

i mprovement with a vie wto f ut ure profit is a u nder feed hal fi c l othe hal ffishel ter poison or , -
, , , ,
point of common c onsent an d m u t ual need b e kill o utri h t the a d the b roken do wn the ,

t wee n the agr ic ult uri st an d his overseer g ge .

, , ,

inc ur ably d ise ase d idiots feeble in fants most O f

M u st the pr actice of hirin g a m an for on e ye ar ,
, , ,

b y a sh are O i the crop to l ay o u t al l his skill an d the bli nd som e de af an d d u mb & c

'
'

,
It is be , , .

ind u stry in killin g l and an d as little as possible sides a p art O f the sl ave holder s creed th at it i s
,
-
’
,

i n improvin g it be k ep t up to c omm em orate the f or his in terest to tre at with terrible severit y al l
'

,
,

pio u s le anin g of m an to his p rim itive st ate of ig run aw ays an d the incorri ibly st ubb orn thievish
g , ,
n oran c e an d b arb arity ? Unless this is abol ishe d
azy & c ; also for those who hire sl aves to ove r
,

the attempt to fertilize our l ands is needless ” l ,

.
,

work them also for overseers to overwo rk the

.
,

Philem on Bliss E sq of Ely ri a O hio who sl aves tinder them when their own w ages are
‘

.
, ,
, , ,

l ived in Florid a in 1 834 5 s ays , incre ased by it -

, , .

I t is common f or owne rs O f pl antations an d We h ave th us shown th at it wo uld be for the

sl aves to hire overseers to t ake ch ar ge of them in terest ” of m asters an d overse ers to tre at with
, , , ,
while they themsel ves reside at a dist ance hab itu al cr uelt m ore than on e m il l ion of the .

T he ir wages dep en d p rin c ip al l y up on the am oun t y

S l aves in the United S t ates B ut this is n ot al l
of l a b or w hic h they c an ex ac t f rom the sl av e
.

The term ood overseer ”

si nifies who as we h ave s aid alre ady it is for the interest o f
g g O n e ,
,

c an m ake the
gre atest am o u nt of the st apl e cot overseers generally whether their w ages are , ,

ton f or inst ance from a given n umber t an ds prop ortione d to the crop or n ot to overwork the
, , ,

besides r aisin g s ufficient provisions for their con Slaves we nee d not repe at the re asons .

s ump tion He has no interest in the li fe O f the

N either i s it n ecess ary to re state the argu
. ’
- .

sl ave Hence the fact so notoriou s at the so uth

.
, ,
'

m ents oin to show th at i t is f or th e intere st

th at ne groes are driven h arder an d f are worse g g ,

u nder overseers th an u nder their owners of sl aveholders who c u ltiv ate the gre at so u th . ,

ern st aple s especi ally cotton an d the s u garc ane , , ,

Willi am L add E sq of M inot M aine f orm erly
to overwork periodic ally al l their sl aves an d
.
, , ,
,
a sl aveholder i n Florid a S pe akin
g in a recent habitu al l
y the m aj ority of them when the de
, , .
,
letter of the system O f l abor adopted there says m nd
a for those st aples cre ates hi gh pri c es as has ,

The compens ation o f the Overseers was a c er

,

b een the c ase with cotton for m any ye ars with

tain p ortion of the crop
,

Inste ad of enterin g i nto a

.

little exception .

Rev Phine as Sm ith of Centreville Allegany l bored estim ate to et at the proportion of
.
, ,
a g
C O N Y who has recently returned from a f o u r
the sl aves aff ected by the Oper ation of these an d
. . .

,
ye ars residen ce in the Southern sl ave st ates an d the other c u ses en u m er ated we m a sa that
’
,
a y y , ,
Tex as s ays , ,
they Oper ate d re y o thei c tl n field h nds a
”

The m
,

ode in which m an y pl ant ations are employed in r aisin the so u ther n staples an d ih
g ,
m an aged is c alc u l ate d an d design ed as an in
directly u pon al l cl asses of the sl aves
, ,

d u c em e n t to the sl ave driver to l ay u pon the

.

,
Fin a lly we concl u de this he a d by t urnin g the
s l ave the grea test
p ossib l e b urde n the over e r s e ,
,

b ein g e n titl e d b y c on trac t to a c ertain share of obj ector s ne gative proposition into an affi rm a
’
.

tive on e an d st ate f orm ally wh at has been alread y

,

t he c rop ” .
,

We le ave the re ader to form his own Opinion , proved .

h i f sl ave hol d ers up on their

a s to the proportion of sl aves u nder overseers I t is f or t e n tere st o ,

whose w age s are in proportion to the crop raised own p rin c ip l es an d by their own showin g T o
,

, ,
,

b y them TREAT RUE LL Y t he g reat body o f t he ir sl aves

We h ave li ttle do ub t th at we sh all
.
C
 O bj ection s C on sidered— Rap id Inc re ase of Sl aves .

an d I doub t n ot it has been so in the m ore so uth colors an d then go prowlin g ab o ut the A fric an ,
‘

e rn sta te s e ver sinc e it was e n acte d For y o u co ast for the victims o f the ir l usts I f al l the . .

c an p erceive at once th at interested me n who facts with rel ation to the A fric an sl ave tra de , -
,

believe the colore d m an i s so m uch be tter off here n o wsecretly c arried on at the so uth co uld be
,

th an he possibly c an be in A fric a will n ot hesi dis c losed the people of the free states wo uld b e , ,

t ate to kidn ap the bla cks whenever an O pp ortu fille d with am aze m ent ” .

n it
y presents itsel f I will notice on e fa ct th at
.

c ame u nder my o wn observ ation which will c on It is pl ain f rom the n at ure of this trade an d
, , ,

vince y ou th at the horror s of the forei gn sl ave the ci rc umstances un der which it i s c arri ed on ,

tr ade h ave n ot yet ce ased amon g our so u thern th at the n um ber of sl aves imp orte d wo uld b e
ge ntry It i s a s f ollows A sl ave ship whic h I likely to b e estim ated f arb el owthe tru th T here
. .
,

h ave re as on to believe was em ployed by so uthern

.

c an be little do ub t th at the estim ate o f M r

men c am e ne ar the port of S av ann ah with ab ou t .

F IVE H UN DR E D S L AVE S f rom G u ine a an d Con go Wri ght of M aryl and , ( fi fteen thou s and ann u
, '

,
, .

It was s ai d th at the ship was driven there by con all y , ) is some tho usands too sm all B ut even . .

‘
trary winds ; an d the crew pretendin g to be accordin g to his estim ate the A fric an sl ave trade
, , .

short of provisions run the ship into a by place ad ds ON E HUN DR ED A N D F ri-rY TH O U S A N D S LAVE S T O
, ,
'

ne ar the shore between Ty b ee L i ght an d D arien

,
EA C H UN I TE D S TATE S C E N S U S These are i n the , ’
.

to recr uit their stores Well as Provi dence wo u ld .

,
prime of li f e an d their chil dren wo uld swell the
h ve it the reven u e c u tter at th at tim e t akin g a
a ,

tri p al on g the coast f ell in with this sl ave ship slave pop ulation m any tho u sands a nn u all y— thus
, ,

, ,

took her as a prize an d brought her u p into the m ak inga gre at addition to e ach cens u s
, .

port of S avann ah T he c argo of h um an ch attels .

was unloaded an d the c aptives were pla ce d in

,
4 I t is a notoriou s fact th at l ar ge n u mbers of .
,

an ol d b arr ac ks in the f or t of S av ann ah u nder

,
f ree colored perso n s are kidn appe d every ye ar in ,

the protection o f the city au thorities they pre the f ree st ates t aken to the s o uth an d sold as , , ,

tendin g th at they shou ld ret u rn them al l to their sl aves .

n ati ve cou ntry again as soon as a convenient ,

opport u nity presented itsel f The ship s crew of H on G E O RGE M S TR O UD J u d ge of th e Crim

.
’
. .
,

co urse were arreste d an d confined in j ail N ow in al C ou rt of Phil a delphi a, in his sketch of the
, .

f or the se q uel of this history Abo ut on e third sl ave l aws spe akin of the kidn appin of f ree
.

g g
p art of the ne groes died in a fe w weeks after they ,

were l anded in se ason in g so c alled or in b e colore d per sons in the northern st ates s ays ,
, , ,

com in gac clim ate d—or as I shou ld think a dis Rem ote as is the c ity of Phil adelph ia f rom
, ,
.

temp er broke out amon g them an d they died those sl aveholdin g states in which the in tro duc ,

like the Isr aelites when smitten with the plagu e

,

tion o f sl aves from pl aces withi n the territory of

Those who did n ot die i n se asonin g m u st b e the Uni te d S tates is f reely per mitted an d where
. .

,
,

hired ou t a little while to be sure as the city au also the m arket is tem ptin g i t has been asc ertain ,

thoritie s co u ld n ot aff ord to keep them on e xpense e d th at M O RE THA N TH I RTY F R EE C OLO RE D P E R

, ,

doin g nothin g A S i t h appene d the m an in S ON S M O S T LY C HI LDRE N HAVE BE E N K I D N A PPED , ,

whose employ I was when the c argo Of h u m an HE RE A N D C ARR I E D A W AY W I TH IN THE LA S T T wo

.
,
, ,

bein gs arrived hire d som e twenty or thirty of YEAR S Five of these through the kind in terp o
,
.
,

them an d p ut them u nder my c are They c on S ition of sever al h u m ane gentlemen h ave b ee n
, . -
,

tin n ed with m e unt il the sickly se ason drove me restore d to their friends thou gh n ot witho ut great
.
,

exp en se an d d ifficu l ty ; the others are stil l retain

o ff to the north I soon ret urned b ut co uld n ot
.
,

he ar a word abou t the cre wOf p ir ates They had e d in bon dage an d if resc ued at al l it m us t b e by .
, ,

s om ethin like a m ock tri al a s I sho u l d thi n k

sen di n g white witnesses a j o urney of m ore th an a
g
T he costs attend ant u pon l aw
, ,

for n o o n e as I ever le arned was condem ned tho u sa nd m iles

, , ,
. .

fined or cens u red B ut where were the poor .

s u i ts u nder s u ch circ umst ances wil l prob ab ly , ,
,

c aptives who were goin g to b e returned to A fri fall b ut little short of th e e stim a”ted v al u e as
,
,

c a by the city au th orities as soon as they co uld

slaves of the individ uals kidn apped
,
, .

m ake it convenient ? O h f orsooth those of

who m I Spoke bein g un der my c are were tug The f o ll owin g is an e xtr act from M rs C H I LD S
, ,
.
’

64—6
, ,

g gin a w ay f o r t he s am e m an the rem ainder A PPEA L pp , . .

were sc attere d abo ut amon g di ff eren t pl anters I kno w the n ames of fo ur colore d citizens of .

When I ret urned to the north again the n ext M assach u setts who went to Georgi a on b o ard a , , .

ye ar the city au thorities had not down to th at vessel were seized un der the laws of th at st ate
, , , ,

tim e m ade it convenient to re turn these poor an d sold as sl aves They h ave sent the most
,
.

v ictim s T he fact is they be lon ge d there ; an d e arnest e xhort ations to their f amilies an d friends
.
, , ,

in my Opinion they were d e sign e d to he l anded to do som ethin g for their relie f ; b u t the attend ant
,

ne ar by the pl ac e where the reven ue c u tter seized e xpenses requ ire m ore m oney th an the friends of
them . Prob ably those very plante rs for whom ne groes are ap t to h ave an d the poor f ellows as , ,

they were ori ginally desi gne d receive d them ; an d y e t rem ai n u n assisted , .

still there was a pretence kept up that they wou ld A N e wYork p aper of N ovem be r 1 829 c on
'

, , ,

be ret urned to Afric a This m u st h ave be en t ains the followin g c au tion. .

d one th at the c onsc iences o f those mi ght be

, B eware of Kidn ap p ers ! — I t is well u nder
quieted who were lookin g for j u stice to be ad
, s tood th at there is at present i n this city a gan g , ,

m inistered to these poor c aptives I t is e asy for o f kidn appers b u sily en gaged i n their voc ation .
, ,

a com p any o f sl avehol ders who desire to tr affi c of ste alin g colored ch ildren for the sou thern m ar
,

in hum an fi esh, to fit o ut a ve ssel un der Sp anish k e t It is believed th at three or four h ave b een
, .
 Objection s C on sidered — Kidn app in g .

s tolen within as m any d ays The re are susp i . whom our worthy Governor an d other excellent ,

c ions O f a f o ul n at u re connected with som e who individ uals of Boston had t aken so u nwe aried ,

serve the p olice in s ub ordin a te c ap acities I t is . p ains to redeem f rom sl avery . I t was another
hinte d th at there m ay be those in some authority , wom an of the s am e n am e who was also a n ative
, ,

not a lto gether i gno rant of these di abolic al pr ae o f M ass a ch usetts an d had been se ize d in N orth ,
.

tices L et the p u blic be o n their guard ! I t i s C aro l in a as a r un aw ay sl ave T he M ary Smith

'

. .

still f resh in the memories of al l th at a c argo or hit s not yet bee n he ard O f I f alive she is now
“

, ,
.
, ,

r ather drove of ne groes was m ade u p from this ,

in al l prob ability we arin g the ch ains O f sl avery , .

city an d Phil adel phi a ab o u t the tim e th at the ,

Abou t a ye ar an d a h al f since sever al c iti zens ,

em ancip ation o f al l the ne groes in this state took of di ff erent f ree st ates were resc u ed from sl avery ,

pl ace u nder our present constit u tion an d were

,
at N e w O rle ans by the dire ct person al e ff orts o f
,
,

ta ken thro u gh Virgini a the C arolin as an d Ten , ,

an acqu aint an ce o f the un dersi gned The b e . .

n e sse e an d dispose d o f i n the st ate of M ississippi

, . n ev o l e n t individ ual all u de d to is J acob B arker ,

S om e O f those who were t aken f rom Philadelphi a Esq a n ame not u nkno wn to the com merci al
.

were persons of intelli gence an d af ter they had world M r B arker i s a resi dent o f N e w O r
. . .

b een driven thro u gh the co u ntry in ch ains an d , le ans A statement of the c ases in re feren ce i s
.

d ispose d of by sale on the M ississippi wrote b ac k

‘

, cont a ined in a letter addresse d by him to the Hon .

to their f riend s an d were resc u ed f rom bond age ,

. S am u el H Jenke of N antu cket ”.
, .

The persons who were gu ilty of this abominable The letter of M r B AR K E R re ferre d to i n this
’

transa ction are known an d n owreside in N orth

.
,

,
report to the L e gisl at ure of M ass ach u setts b e ar s
C arolin a They m ay yery prob ably be en gaged ,

i n sim il ar enter p rizes at the present tim e—at

.

d ate A n gust 1 9 1 837 The followin g are ex tract s

, .
.

le ast there is re ason to b elieve th at the system of ,

f rom it .

kidnappin g free persons of color from the northern “

A f ree m an belon gin g to B altim ore b y the
, ,

c ities has been c arried on more e xte n sively th an

,
n ame of Ephraim L arkin who c am e here cook ,

the p ublic are generally aw are of ” of the W illi am Tell was arrested an d throw n into
'

. .
,

pri son a fe w weeks since an d sent in ch ains to

G E O RG EB RADB UR N E sq of N ant u c k et M ass
,

, .
, .
work on the ro ad I he ard of it an d wit h diffi .
,

a m emb e r of the L e isl at ure of th at st ate at it s c ulty f ound him an d af ter them ost dili gent an d
g ,

l ast session m ade a report to th at bo dy M arch active exertions ot him rele ased — in e ff ectin
, , g , g
6 1 83 9
, O n the deliverance o f citizens li able to
,
which I tra veled in the he at of the day the r
, ,

m om e te r r an gin g in the sh ade from 9 4 to 1 0 0

b e sold as sl aves Th at report cont ains the fol .
’ ,
more th an twenty tim es to an d from prison the
lo win g facts an d testi m ony .
plac e O f his l abor an d the di ff erent co u rt s a dis
,

.
, ,

The f ollowin g facts are a few out of a VA S T t ance of ne arthree m iles f rom my resi dence an d
M UL rirUDE to whic h the attention of the u nder
'

af ter I had est ablishe d his free dom had to

p ay
'

, ,

si gne d has b een d irecte d . fo r his arrest m ainten ance an d the ad ve rtisi n g
, ,

O n the 2 7 th of Febr uary l ast, the u n de rsign e d him as a r un aw ay sl ave $ 29 89 as p er copy of

‘

, ,

had an interview with the Rev S am u el Snowden . , b ill h ere with— the allow ance for work n o t eq ual
a respect able an d intelli ge nt cler gym a n of the li n g the expenses the amo unt augments With ,

city o f B oston This gentlem an st ated an d he .

, every day of confinem ent .

is n o wre ady to m ake o ath th at d urin g the l ast

'

, , In p u rsu i n g the cook of the Willi am Tell I ,

six ye ars he has him sel f by the aid of v ariou s

, ,
f o u nd three othe r free men confined in the s am e ,

benevolent individ ual s proc u red the deliver ance pri son ; on e belon ged also to B altimore by the
'

, , ,

from j ail o f S ix c itizen s of M as sach u setts who n ame o f L e aven Do ert : he was also rele ased
I
, g y ,

had b een a rrested an d irn p rison e d as r u n aw ay on my p ayin

g $ 28 expenses ; on a w as a descend ,
S l aves an d who
, b u t for his ti mely inte rposition , , an t of the Indi ans who once inh abite d N ant u cket

wo uld h ave bee n sold in to perpet ual b ond age .

— his n ame i s Eral L o u nou Lon n on had been six .

The n am es an d the p laces of imprisonment o f weeks in pr ison ; he was rele ased wi thou t di th
those p e rson s as state d by M r S w c ulty on my p ayin g $ 20 38 e xpenses— an d n o
'

ere as f ollows :
,
. .
,

J ames Hi ght imprisone d at M obile Willi am , one seeme d to know why he had been confine d
Ad ams at N orf olk ; W i l li am Holm es also at
, , or a rrested as the l aw does n ot pres u me person s
,

N or folk ; J am es O x f ord at Wilm in gton ; J ames , o f m ixe d b lood to be sl aves B ut f or the others .
,

S mith at B aton Ro uge ; John T idd at N e w I had gre at di ffi c ulty in proc urin g wh at was con
’

, ,

O rle ans \ . sidere d com petent witnesses to prove them f ree .

I n 1 836 M ary S m ith a n ative of this state

, , , N O com pl aint o f imp roper c ond u ct had bee n
re t urnin g f rom N e w O rle ans whither she had , m ade agai n st eith er o f them At on e tim e the .
,

b een in the c ap acity of a S e rv ant was c ast upon , Recorder s aid the witness m ust be white ; at an
the shores of N orth C arolin a S he was there . othe r th at on e respectable w itness was in suffi
,

se ize d an d sol d as a S l ave In form ation of the . cient ; at another th at a person who had b e en ,

fac t re ached he r friends at Boston Those friends .

( im properly) confined an d rele ase d was not a ,

m ade an e ff ort to obtain her liberation They . c om petent witness & c & c Lon n on has bee n , . .

invoked the assist ance O f the Governor O f this employe d in the Sou th Se a fishery f rom N an '

C ommonwe alth A corresponde nce en s u ed be . . t ucket an d N e w Bed ford nearly al l his li fe ; has ,

t ween His E xcellency an d th e Gove rnor of N orth s ailed on those voy ages in the ships E agle M ary ,
.

C arolin a : copies o f which were o ff ered for the l and Gideon Ihito n an d S am u el
, ,
He was
' '

,
. .

inspe ctio n of your com mitte e Soon afte rwdrds , , born at M arshp ee Plym o u th [ B arnst able ] co u n ,

by permission o f the au thorities o f N orth C aroli ty M ass an d pre f ers to enco u nter the levi ath an
,
.

n a ,M ary Smith ret urned to Boston

‘
B ut it ’
. o f the deep r ather th an the tum k ey s of N ew
,

t urned ou t th at t his was n ot the M ary Smith

, , O rle ans .
 O bj ection s C on si dered— Kidn ap p in
g .

The other was born in St Johns N ova S c o The precedin g letter of M r B ark er f urnishe s
.
, .
,
tia an d be ars the n am e O f Willi am S mith a
,
gro u nds for the belie f th at hu n dre ds if n ot than ,
,
S e am an by pro
,
san ds o f f ree c olored perso ns rom
f the d i ff eren t
i

Im medi ately after these m en were rel e as

“ ,

st ates o f this Union b oth sl a ve an d f ree f ro m the

two others were arrested They attempted to ‘

. ,

esc ape an d bein g p u rs ued ran for the river in West Indies S o uth Americ a M exico an d the
‘

, , ,
, , .

the v ain hope of bein g able to swi m acros the B ritish possessions in N orth Am eric a an d f rom s
,
M ississippi a distance of a m ile with a c urrent o ther p arts of the worl d are red u ce d to sl ave
, , ‘
ry ,
o f f o u r knots O n e soon gave o ut an d m ade for ever
y y e ar i n our sl ave st ates f a sin gle i ndi
.
,
I
a b oat which had been desp atche d f or their re
.

vid ual i n the co urse o f a f e wd ays ac c id

w en tal l
‘

as s ave d ; the o ther bein g a bette r

,
c ove r
y an d , y ,

s wimmer continu ed on u ntil m u ch exh au sted di scovere d six colored f ree m en workin g in irons
, , , ,

then also m ade for the boat —it was too l ate he an d soon to be sold as sl aves in a sin gl e so u the rn ,

s an k be fore the bo at c oii l d re ach him an d was city i s it n ot fair to in fer th at in all the sl ave , , ,
drowned The y cl aimed to be free men
.
states there m u st b e m u l titu des of s uch p ersons .

O n S u nd ay l ast I was c alled to the p rison of

,
' ,

now in sl ave y an d th at thi s n umber is r apidl

the M u ni cip ality in which I reside to se rve o n r y
,
,

an in q u est or the body of a drowned m an

i
T here incre asin
g by ce aseless acc essions
.
,

I saw on e other free m an confine d by the n ame The letter of M r B arker is v al uable also as a ,
.
, ,
o f Henry Tier a yello wm an born in N e wYork graphic deline ation of the p ublic opini on of the
, , ,
‘ ’

an d f or m erly i n m y employ H e had b een con so u th The gre at di ffic ulty with which the re
.
.

fined as a suppose d r un aw ay ne ar six m onths le ase of the se f ree men

w as proc ured n otw
'

, ,
ith
witho ut a p article of testimony altho ugh from hi s '
,

c olor the l aws of L o uisi an a pres u me him to be st ff orts of M r J acob

andin the per on al e
g s .

who is a gentlem an of infl uence an d

,

f ree . f
I applie d im me di ately or his rele se which
a B arker
,
,
,

was prom ptly granted A t first ex p enses simi has we believe b een an alderm an of N e w O r
.
,
, , .

l ar to those ex acte d in the third M un icip ality le ans reve als a ‘p u blic opinion insensible as ,
’
,
were req u ired b ut on m y dem onstr atin g to the ad am ant to the liberty of colored men '

recorder th at the l aw imposed no su ch b urthen

.

ul d b e easy to fill scores of p a es with de

.

o n free m en he w as rele ased witho u t an ch arge

It wo g .

, y ail s S im il ar to the precedin

wh atever How free me n c an obt ain satisfac
.
t g We h ave f urn ish .

tion for h aving been th u s wron gf u lly imprisoned ed eno ugh however to Sho w th at in al l prob a , , , , , .

an d m ade to work in ch ain s on the hi ghw ay is b il ity e ac h United S t ates censu s of the sl ave , ,
’

n ot for m e to decide I a pprehend no satisfac pop ul ation is incre ase d b the addi tion to it o ‘

f
.

y ,
tion c an be had withou t m ore active frie n ds thousan ds of f
willin g to espou se their c au se th an c an be fo u nd ree colored persons k i dn apped an d
,
,
,

in this quarter There fore I repe at th at no per .

sol d as sl aves
.
.

son of color sho ul d come here witho u t a c e rtifi 5 th T o argue th at the r api d m u ltiplic ation of .

ca te of f reedom from the governor of the st ate to an y cl ass i n the comm unity is proof th at s uc h ,
which he belon gs a cl ass is well clothed well ho u se d
.

ab u nd an tl - -

Very respectful ly your assu red friend y , ,

f e d an d very comf ortab l e is as abs u rd as to ar ue

, ,
g
,
“ J A O B B AR K ER ”
,
C
th at those who h ave f ew c hil dren m u st of
‘

, .

N B — Sin ce writin g the precedi n g I h ave co urse be il l clothed it ou se d b adly lod ed

'

g , ,
. .
, , ,

proc u red the rele ase of another f ree m an f rom overworked , ill fe d & c & c Tru e priv ation s -
, .
'

.
,
the prison of the third M u nicip ality on the p ay an d in fl ic tion s m a b e c arried to s ch
-

an extent
.
,

ment of $ 39 65 as per bill copy herewith Hi s as y u

asio n a f e ar f ul dim in ishm ent of
.
, ,

n ame is Willi am L ockm an— he was b orn i n N e w to occ p op ul a ‘

Jersey of f ree p arents an d resides at P hil ade l tion

,
T h at was the c ase gener ally with the
,
.

phi a A gre ater sum was requ ired which was re slave pop u l ation i n the W est Ind ies an d as has
.
, ,

d uc e d b y the allow an ce of his m ain ten ance ( writ been S h wn ; is tr u e of certain portions o f the
o
ten l a bor ) while at work on the ro ad which the so u thern states B ut the fact th at s u ch an e ff ect
, ,

l aw requ ire s the M unicip ality to p ay b ut it had

.

n o t be f ore been so expou nded in the third M u n i

is n ot prod u ced does n ot prove th a t the sl aves do ,

n ot experience re at priv ati ons an d severe in fl ic

c i al it
p y I hO pe to. ge t it b ac k in the c ase o f the g
other three The allow ance for l ab or in addition tions
.
They m ay s u ff er m u ch h ardship an d ,
.
,

to their m ainten ance i s twenty fiv e cents per gre at cru elties withou t e xperienci n g so gre at a
,
-
,

d ay ; b ut they req uire those illiterate men to ad der an ement o f the vit al f un ctions as to prevent
g
v ance the whole be fore they c an le ave the pri son child be arin The Israelites m ultiplied with , -

an d then to t ake a certific ate fo r their l abor an d

g .

,
astonishin r apidity u nder the t ask m asters an d
—
-

g
go f or it to another dep artm ent to collect which
,
,

is ten times m ore tro uble th an the m oney when b urdens of Egyp t Does thi s falsi fy the decl ara . .

rec eived is worth While these f ree m en with tions o f S cript ure th at they si ghed b y re ason of
.
, ,
‘

o ut h avi n
g committed an y fau lt were compell ed their b on d age an d th at the Egyp ti ans m ade
’ “
, ,
to work in ch ains on the ro ads in the b u rni n
g them serve with rigor an d m ade their lives
, ,
,
’ ‘

su n for 2 5 cents per day an d p ay i n a dv ance

b itter with hard bon dage ’
,

1 8 3 4 cents per day fo r m ainten ance doctor s

,
I h ave seen s aid ’
.
‘
,
’

, ,

an d other bills an d not able to work h al f their God their afltic tion s I h ave he ard their groan ,
.

i "& c The history of the h um an r ace shows

time I p aid others workin g on ship bo ard in
,
n g s
, , , .
,

sight two dol l ars per da J B ”

th at gre at p rivation s an d m uch sufl erin g m ay b e
,
y . . .
 O bjection s C on sidered—P ub l ic O p in ion .

t ak en aw ay from the sl ave his l iberty : it has ry m g them with do gs an d gun s m util atin g thei r ,

rob bed him o f h is ri ght to his own body of his , b odie s an d m urderin g them
, .

ri ght to im prove his m ind o f his ri ght to re a d the , A fe w s p ecimens of the la ws an d the j u m
B ible, o f hi s ri ght to worship God accordin g to c ial decisions on them wil l sho w wh at is the ,

his conscience of his ri ght to receive an d enj oy , st ate of p ublic opinion am on g sl aveholders to
‘ ’

wh at he e arns of his ri ght to live with his wi fe ,

w ards their sl aves L et the f ollowin g sufiic e .

an d children of his ri ght to b e tter his con di tion

, , A ny person m ay l aw f ully kill a sl ave who has ,

o f his ri ht to e at when
g he is h u n gry to res t , been o u tl awed for r un n i n g aw ay an d l urkin g in
when h e is tired to sleep when h e needs it an d , , swam p s & c Law o f N orth C arolin a ; J u dge
,
-

to cover his n akedness with cloth in g : this p ub S tro u d s S ke tch of the Sl ave L aws 1 0 3 ; H ay
’
, .

l ic opinion m akes the sl ave s prison er for li fe on

’
wood s M an ual 5 24 ‘ A sl ave en deavorin g to
’
, .

the pl ant ation except whe n his j ailor ple ases to ,

entice another sl ave to r un aw ay if provisions , .

let him o ut with a p ass or sells him an d tr ans .

,
’
,
. & c be prep are d for the p urpose o f aidin g in s u ch
.

f ers h i m in irons to another j ail y ard this p ub - ‘

r u nnin g aw ay sh all be p uni she d with DEATH
, .

And a slave who sh all aid the sl ave so en de avOrin g

w
lic Opinion traverses the co un try b uyin g u p men
’
, ,

wom en children— ch a inin g them in c ofil e s an d

, ,
to entice another slave to run a ay sh all also s u ff er ,

driving them f orever f rom their ne arest friends ; n aarn — Lawo f So uth C aroli n a S trou d s S k etch
’ ’
.

of Sl ave L aws ; 1 0 3—
.

i t sets the m on the auction t able to be h an dle d , ,

4 ; 2 Brev ard s Di gest 233 ’
, ,

sc r u tinized k noc k ed o ff to the hi hest b idder ; it

, g 2 44 . Another l aw of S o uth C arolin a p rovides
proclaim s th at they sh all n ot h ave their liberty ;
,
th at if a sl ave shal l when ab sent from the pl an ,

tatio n re f use to b e e xam in e d b y an y white per

'

an d if their m a sters ive it the m p ub lic opinion ’

, g , ,

seizes an d throws them b ac k into sl avery This . son (n o m atter howcr azy or dr unk ) s u ch white
,
’
,
‘

s ame p ublic opinion has f orm ally att ache d the ’

person m ay seiz e an d ch astise him ; an d if the
f ollowin g le gal pen al ties to the followin g ac ts of sl ave sh all strik e s u ch white perso n s u ch sl ave ,

m ay be l aw f ully k ille d 2 Bre vard s Di gest 2 3 1 ’ ’

sl aves . .
, .

I f m ore th an seve n sl aves are fou n d to ge ther The f ollowin g is a l aw of G eorgi a I f an y .

i n an y ro ad W ithou t a white pe rson twen ty l ashes

, , sl ave sh all pres um e to strik e an y white person such ,

p ie c e f or visitin g a pl antation witho u t a writ sl av e sh al l u pon tri al an d conviction be fore the

'

a
,

te n p ass ten l ashes ; for lettin g loos e a bo at f rom

, j ust ice or j u stices s uff er s u ch p u nishm ent for the
,

where it is m ade fast thirty n in e l ashes f or the ,

-
first o ff ence as they sh all thi nk fit not exten dm g ,

fi r st o f a d f r the sec ond ‘

sha l l have c u t to li fe or limb an d for the secon d o ff ence '

e n c e n o , ,

o f f rom his head on e ear for keepin g o r c arry DEATH — Prince s Di gest 4 5 0 The s ame l aw
’
.
’
, .

in g a c l u b thirty/ m in e l ashes for h avin g an y ar

, exists i n S o uth C arol in a with this diff erence th at , ,

tic l e for s al e witho u t a ticket f rom his m aster ,

, d e ath is m ade the p u nishm ent for the third
o ff en ce In both st ates the l aw cont ains this
‘

ten l ashe s ; for tr avelin g in an

y o ther th an the
‘
.
,
'

most us ual an d acc u stomed ro ad when goin g ,

’
rem ark able proviso : Provided alway s th at s uch ,

alone to an
y pl ace f orty l ashes ; for travelin g i n strikin gs b e not done b y the comm an d an d in the
w
,

the ni ght witho u t a p ass f orty l ashes ; for b ein de f ence of the person or pro perty of the o ner
, g , ,

f o u nd in an other person s ne gro q u art ers f orty o r other person h avin g the governm ent o f s u ch
’
-
,

l ashes ; for h u ntin g with do gs in th e woods ,

sl ave i n which c ase the sl ave sh all be wholly ex
,
.

thirty l a shes ; for b ein g on horseb ac k witho u t the c use d Accord in g to t his l aw if a sl ave by the
.
’
, ,

w ritten permission O f his m aster twen ty fi ve l ash ,

- d irection of his ov n asn s a strike a white m an who ,

es ; fo r rid in g or is be atin g s aid overseer s dog — the sl ave sh all

goi n g abro ad in the ni ght or
w
’
.
.

, ,

ridin g horses i n the day time itho ut l eave a , ,

be wholly e xc u se d ; b u t if the white m an has
sl ave m ay b e whippe d crop p e d or bran ded in the , ,
r ushed upon the sl ave him se l f inste ad of the dog , ,

c he ek with the letter R or other w ise p unished ; ,

an d IS f urio u sly be ating him if the sl ave s trike ,

ende rhim
‘
n ot ex ten d in g to l ife o r so as to r ,
b ack b ut a sin gle blow the le gal pen alty 1 8 ANY ,

u n ishm en t not e xt endin g to li fe or limb ; an d if

’
u n fi t f or l ab or The l aws re ferre d to m ay be .
p
f o u nd by cons ulti n g 2 Brev ard s Di gest 228 2 4 3 ’
, , ,
the tort ured sl ave has a second onset m ad e U pon
2 4 6 ; H aywood s M an ual 7 8 ch ap 1 3 pp 5 1 8 ’
, , .
, .
,
him an d , after sufferin g al l b ut de ath agai n
,
,

529 ; 1 Vir gini a Revised Code 722—3 ; Prince s ,

’ strike b ack i n sel f de fence the l aw KI LLS him for -
,

Di gest 4 54 ; 2 M isso u ri L aws 74 1 ; M ississippi

, ,
it S o if a fem ale sl ave in obedience to her
. , ,

Revised Code 37 1 L aws simil ar to the se exist ,

.
m i stress an d i n de fence of her property strik e
,
,
’

’
thro ugho u t the sou thern sl ave code Extracts . a white m an who is kickin g her m istress p e t
’
eno u gh to fill a vol u m e mi ght be m ade from these k itten she ‘ sh ll
,
a b e wholly e xc used s aith the ,

l aws showin g th at the protection which p ublic

,
considerate l aw; b u t if the unprotected girl ,

op inion gr ants to the sl aves is h un ger , n aked

’
,
.
when b e aten an d k icke d herself raise her h and ,

ness terror bere avem ent s r

, ob b ery imprison
, , , against he r b r u tal ass ail ant the l a w condemns ,

m ent the stocks iron coll ars h untin g an d we t

, , ,
. her to an y p unishment not extendin g to li fe or ,
 O je
b c tion s C on sidered — P ub l ic O p in ion 1 45
.

l imb wretch assail her again an d at

an d if a ,
m aster s prop erty in the sl ave is p ut at som e
'

te m p t to viol ate her chas tity an d the tremblin g

'

,
risk For h avin g c au sed this sli ght risk the l aw
. ,

g irl,
in her an uish an d te rror in stinctively r aise
g ,
provides a p u nishm en t— fin e n ot e xceedin g on e
he r ha nd agains t him in se l f de fence she sh all -
, ,
tho us an d doll ars an d imprisonment not e xceed ,

s a ith the l aw s uff e r DEAru in g two y e a W e say sli ght risk bec au se the
'
’
'
.
’ rs .
,
,

Re ader this di abolic a l l awis the p ublic op in sl av e m ay not b e disposed to enco un ter the de n
'

ion o f Geor gi a an d S o uth C arol in a tow ard the gers an d h u n ger, an d othe r s u fferin gs of the
’
,

sl aves This is the v au n te d protection afforded

.
‘ ’
wo ods an d the c e rtain ty of terrible in fi ic tion s if
,

c au ght ; an d if he sho u ld attem pt it the risk of

'

them by their hi gh so u led chiv alry To show ‘ - .

’
,

th at the p ublic Opinion o f the sl ave st ates f ar

‘ ’ losi n g him is sm all An a dvertisem ent of five .

more e ff e ct ually protects the p rep erty of the m as line s will set the whole comm unity howlin g on
ter th an the p e rson of the sl ave the re ader is re ,
his tr ack ; an d the tremblin g an d f am ishe d fugi
ferred to two l aws O f L o uisi an a p asse d in 1 8 1 9 ,
. tive is soon scen ted o ut in his retre at an d dr ag ,

The on e att aches a pen alty ‘n ot exceedin g on e ge d b ack and delivered over to his to1 m e n tors .

thousand doll ars an d imprisonm ent n ot exceed ,

’ ‘ The prece din g l aw i s another illu stration O f
in g two y ears to the crime of c u ttin g or b re ak the protection aff orded to the lim b s an d mem
’ ‘ ’ “

w
,

m g an y iron ch ain or c oll ar hich an y m aste i ,

’ '
bers O f sl aves b y p u blic Opinion amon g sl ave
,
’

of sl a ves has u sed to prevent their r unnin g aw ay holders .

the other a pen alty not exceed in g five h undre d Here follow two other ill u str ations O f the b ra
‘

.
,

d ollars to wil f ul ly c u ttin g out the ton gu e p u t

,
’
, tal in di fference o f p ubli c opinion tothe torm e n ts ’

tin g ou t the ey e c rue l l y b u rn in g or deprivin g o f the sl ave W hile it is f u ll of ze al to compens ate

,
_
, ,

sl ave o f an y l imb L ook at it— the mo st the m aster if an y on e dis ab les his sl av so as to
’
an
y .
,
e
horrible disme mberm ent conceiv able c annot be lessen his m arket v al ue T he first i s a l aw O f .

p un ishe d by a fin e o f m ore th an fi ve h un dred S ou th C arolin a It provides th at if a sl ave e m .

, ,

dollars T he l aw e xpressly fixes th at as the gage d i n his own er s service be att acke d by a
'

’
. .
, ,
‘

u tmost lim it an d it m ay not be h al f th a t sum ;

,
person n ot h avin g s uff i c ient c au se for so doing
‘
,
’

wi t a sin gle m o11 1c n t s —imprisonm ent stays the ’

an d if the sl ave sh all be m a im ed or disa b l e d by ‘ ’

wretch in his c areer an d the next ho u r he m ay ,

him so th at the owner suff ers a loss from his ih
,

c u t o ut another sl ave s ton gue o r b urn his h and ability to l abor the person m aim in
g him sh all
’
, ,

B ut let the s ame m an b re ak a c hain p u t p ay f or his lost time an d also the ch ar ges for
‘ ’
off , ,

upon a sl ave to keep him f rom r unnin g aw ay, , the c ure of the sl ave This Vand al l aw doe s
an d b esides p ayin g do uble the pen a
,
lty th at co uld not dei gn to take the le ast n otice of the an gu ish
b e ex ac te d from him for c uttin g o ff a sl ave s l e g o f the m aim ed sl ave m ad e perh aps a gro anin g
'

’ ‘ ’
, , , ,

the l aw i mprisons him not exceedin g two ye ars . cripple for li fe ; the horrible wron g an d inj u ry
This l aw reve al s the heart of sl aveholders to done to him is p asse d Over in u tter silence I t
'
, .

is thus decl are d to be n ot a c rimin a a c t

'

w ards their sl aves their di abolic al in difi eren c e to , l B ut the .

the mos t excr u ci atin g an d protr acted torments p e c u ni ary interests O f the m aster are n ot to be
inflicted on them b y "an y person it reve als too , , th us ne glected b y p ublic Opinion O h no ! its ‘
.
’

the re l ntive protection aff orde d by ‘ p ublic Opi n tender b owel s run over with symp athy at the
ion to the p erson of the slave i n app allin g c on m aste r s injury in the ‘ lost tim e O f his sl ave an d
“

’ ’ ’
, ,

tr ast with the v astly surer p r otection which it i t c are f ully provides th at he sh all h ave p ay for
a fford s to the m aster s p rop erty in the sl ave The
’
. the whole of it — S ee 2 B revard s Digest 2 3 1 2 .
’
, , .

A l a wsim il ar to the above has bee n p assed in

-

wretch who c u ts ou t the ton gue t ears ou t the ,

eyes shoots off the arms or b urns off the fee t of

, , L o uisi an a which contains an addition al provision
,

a sl aire over a slow fir e c an n ot le gally b e fine d for the be n efit of the m aster—o rd ainin g th at ‘
'

, , ,

m ore th an five h undre d dollars ; b ut if he sho uld the sl ave ( t hu s m aim ed an d d isa bl ed be forever
’

in pity loose a ch ain f rom his galled nec k pl ace d , rendered un able to work the person m aim in g '

,
’
,

the re by the m aster to ke e p him from e scapin g , sh all p ay the m aster the ap pr aised v al u e O f the
an d th u s p ut his property in som e j e op ardy he , sl ave be fore the inj ury an d sh all in addition , , ,

m ay be fined on e thou san d dol l ars an d thr ust into , tak e the sl ave , an d m aint ain him d u r in g li fe .
’

an d this be it remem Th s p ublic o pinio n trans fers the helpless crip

‘
a d un geon f or two ye ars
’
, u

bered not f or steal in g the slave from the m aster

, ,
ple fro mthe h an d of his m aster who as he has , ,

nor for en tic in g o r eve n advisin g him to run , alw ays had the b enefi t o f his services
. mi ght pos ,

aw ay o r givin g him an y in form ation how he c an sib l f e e l som e te nderness f or him an d p uts him
‘

, y ,

e ff ect his esc ape ; b ut me r ely b ec ause to u ched , , in the sole power of the wretch who has d is able d
with symp athy for the bleedin g victim as he ,
him for li ter—pro tec ti n g the victim f rom the f u ry
of his tormen tor b
sees the rou gh iron ch afe the torn fl esh at every y p u ttin g him into his h ands ,

turn he rem oves it

, .
an d as esc ape witho ut this -
,
Wh at b ut b u tchery by pieceme al c an u nder s uch ,

in c um b rahc e wo uld b e e asier th an with it the , circ um st ances b e expected from a m an b r utal ,

10
 O bj ection s C on sidered— P ubl ic Op in ion .

e no u gh first to m aim at d dis e him e d this wholes ale m u rder yet O f the scores of
’
an a bl ’
, ,

a n d n ow ex asper ated by bein g obli ged to p ay his le gal O fficers present not a sou l r aised a fin ger to
f ull v al u e to the m aster , an d to h ave in addition prevent it the whole city con sented to i t an d , , , ,

the d aily c are an d e xpense O f his m ainten ance th us a ided an d abetted it How m any h u ndred s . .

S ince writin g the above we h ave seen the fol of them helped to comm it the m u ders with their
,
. r
,

lowin gj u dici al decision i n the c ase of Jo urd an own han ds does not appe ar b ut not o n e of them
, , , ,

vs P atton — 5 M artin s Lo u isi an a Rep orts 61 5 has been ind icte d for it an d n o on e m ade the
’
.
. , ,

A sl ave O f thepl ainti ff had been deprived of his le ast e ff ort to brin g them to tri al Th u s up to .
,

on l y ey e an d th u s rendered u se l ess on which ao

,
the p resent ho ur the b lood O f those m ur d ered , ,

co unt the cou rt adj u d ged th at the de fen d ant m en rests on th at whole city an d it will continu e .
‘

sho ul d p ay the pl ain ti ff his f ull v alue The c ase to be 3 C I TY O F MU RDERER S so lon g as its citizen s . .
,

went up by appe al to the S upreme court J udge agree to gether to shield those f elons from p u nish
, ,
.

M athews i n his d ecision s ai d th at when the m ent ; an d they do th u s agree to gether so lon gas
, ,

de fend ant had p ai d the su m decreed the sl ave they enco ur age e ach other in re fu sin g to br in g ,

o ught to be pl aced in his possession — addin g them to j ustice N ow the l aws O f M issi ssippi ,
’
, .
,

th at the j u d gment m ak in g f ull compens ation to were n ot in fault th at those men we re m urdere d ;
the owner Op era tes a c han ge of p rop erty He n or are they now in fau lt th at their m urderers are ’
.
,

a dds The principle of h um anity which wou ld n ot p u nished ; the l aw

, s d em and it b u t the people ,

le ad u s to s uppose th at the mistress whom he of M ississippi the le gal Offi cers the grand j uries
, , ,
-

had lon g served w o u ld tre at her miser able blin d an d le gisl at ure of the st ate with one consent agree
, , ,

sl ave with more kin dne ss th an the de f end ant to th at the l aw shal l he a dead l e tter an d th u s the ,

whom the j u d gm ent ou ght to trans f er him C AN whole st ate assu m es the guilt of those m urders , ,

NO T BE TA K E N 1 N T O C ON SI DERAT I ON The f ull an d i n br av ado flou rishes her reekin g h ands in , .

compens ation O f the mistress for the loss of the the face of the world * .

service s O f the sl ave is worthy of al l consider a Th e letter O f the l awon the statute book i s on e
,

tion even to the u tte rmost farthin g

,
p ubli c thin g the pr actice O f the comm u nity under that ‘
,

opinion is omnip otent for her protection ; b ut l aw O f ten a tot all y di ff erent thin g E ach of the
’
.

when the f ood clothi n g shelter fire an d l o dgin g slave st ates has la ws providin g th at the li f e O f n o
, , , ,

medicine an d n u rsery com fort an d entire condi white m an sh all be t aken withou t his havin g fir st
'

ti on an d tre atm ent of her poor blind sl ave been indicte d by a gr and j ury all owe d an im p ar , ,

thro u ghou t his dre ary pil gr i m age is the question ti al tri al by a petit j ury with the ri ght of c ounsel
’

, , ,

—ah th at s ays the mou th piece O f the l aw an d cross ex amin ation of wi tnesses & c b ut who
,
-
,
-
, .

’
the represent ative O f p u blic Opinion C A NNO T does not kn ow th at if A RTHUR T APPA N were ,

B E: TA K E N I N T O C ON SI DERAT I ON ) Protection o f pointe d out in the streets O f N e wO rle an s M O ,

sl aves b y p u blic Opinio n amon g sl av ehol de rs l l bile S avann ah Ch arleston N atchez or St L ouis
‘ ’
, , , ,
.
,

The f ore goin g ill u str ations of southern p u blic he wo u ld b e torn in pieces b y the citizens with ‘

Opi n ion fro m the l aws m ade by it an d embody on e accord an d th at if an y on e shou ld atte m p t to
,
’ .
,

in g it are s uffi cient to show th at so f ar f rom brin g his m urderers to p un ishment he wo uld b e
, , , ,

bein g an e ff i cient protection to the sl aves it is torn in pieces also The editors of so u thern , .

their de adliest foe persec u tor an d tormentor ,

new sp apers openly v au nt th at every abolition i st .
,

B ut herewe sh al l prob ab ly be m e t by the le gal who set s f oot in their soil sh all if he b e disco
'

, ,

lore of som e J u stice Sh allow instru ctin g us th at vered b e h un g at once witho u t j ud ge or j ury ,
’
, , .

the l if e O f the sl ave is f ully protected by l aw Wh at mockery to qu ote the l etter of the l a w in ,

however u n protected he m ay be 1 n other re Sp e c ts tho se st ates , to show th at abolitionists woul d .

\

This assertion we meet wi th a point bl ank de ni al h ave sec ured to them the le gal protection O f an .

The l aw does not in re ality protect the l i fe of imp arti al tri al !

, ,

the sl ave B ut even if the l e tter O f the l aw

. Be fore the obj e ctor c an m ak e out his c ase th at ,

would f ully protect the li fe O f the sl ave p ublic the li fe O f the sl ave is protected by the l aw, he ,

opinion in the sl ave st ates would m ak e it a dead m u st not only show th at the wor ds of the l aw
’

letter The letter O f the l aw wou ld h ave b een

.

W e have j ust lear n ed f rom Mi ssissip p i p ap ers that the

al l suffi cient for the protect ion O f the lives of the
,
-

c i tize n s of Vic k sb urg are erec ti n g a p ub l ic m on um en t in ho ~

miser able gam b lers in Vicksb ur g an d other pl aces n or of Dr H S B odley who was the rin g le ader O f the , . . .
,
-

i n M ississippi from the r age of those whose m o Lyn c he rs in t heir attac k u pon their m i serab le vi ctims
, ,
.

ney th ey had won ; b ut gentlemen O f property T o give to c rime the c old en couragem en t of im p un ity
‘

al on e or su c h sli ght tok en s O f f avor as a hom e an d a san e

an d st an din g l au ghed the l aw to scorn r ushed
,

i n ery is b e n e ath the c hivalry an d hosp i tal i ty of M ississip

,
,
to the gamblers h o use p ut ropes roun d their p l an s ; so they te n der it in c en se a n altar an d a c rown of
’
,
, ,

neck s dra gged them throu gh the stree ts h an ged gl ory L et the m arb le rise til l it b e see n f rom af ar a b ee
, , .
,

s w ere l awl ies l ife l ess b y the han d O f

'

them in the p ublic square , an d th u s s aved the c o n m a rk in g the p ot h

sum the y had n ot yet p aid
f elon s ; an d m urdere rs with c hap lets on their heads d an ce
Tho us ands witness an d shout u on its rave whil e all the eo le sa amen , ,
. .
’
p g , p p y, .
148 Obj ection s C on sidered— P ub l ic O p in ion .

words is no thin g more th an

, hollo wpretenc e which is sl ight c hastisem en t it is not e ven whip
a , .

a hypocritic al flo u rish to prod uce an irn p ression i ‘

p g b ut corre c tion An d as if hypocrisy an d ’

w
n , .

f avor able to their j u stice an d m agn anim ity A f m ali gnity ere on the r ack to o utwit e ach other . .

te r decl arin g th at he who is gu ilty o f wil f ully even th at we ak word m u st b e still f arther dil ute d ;
‘

an d m alic io u sly killin g a sl ave sh all s uff er the s o ‘ m oderate is adde d : an d to crown the cli
,
’
,
'

s ame p u nishmen t as if he had k ill e d a freem an m ax c ompo u n ded of abs urdity hypocrisy an d ,
~
,

the ac t concl u des th u s : ‘ Provided always this co l d blooded m u rder the l egal defi n ition of m o , ,
-
,
‘
.

ac t sh all n ot extend to the person killin g a sl ave der ate corre ction is covertly given which is ’
,

o utl awe d by virt u e of an y ac t of Assembly o f an y p u n ishm en t th a t KI LL S the vict i m All in .

this st ate ; or to an y sl ave in the ac t of resistance fl ic tion s are e ither m ode r a te or im m od erate an d

to his l aw f ul overseer or m aster or to an y sl ave the desi gn of this l awwas m anif estly to shield
, ,

dyin g u nder their m oderate c orrec tion Re ader the m urderer from c onviction by c arry in g on its ’
.
, ,

l ook at this p rovis o 1 It gives free lice n se to al l f ac e the ru l e f or its own in terp re tation th us ad
. . .

persons to k ill ou tl awe d sl aves W ell wh at i s v ertisin g be foreh and co urts an d j u ries th at the .
, , , ,

an o utlawe d sl ave A sl ave who runs away f ac t of an y infliction p roduc in g d eath was no evi , ,

l urks i n s wamps & c an d kil ls a hog or an y dence th at it was im m oderate an d th at be atin g a

'

. .
, , , ,

other domestic ani m al to keep himsel f f rom starv m an to de ath c ame within the le gal me ani n g o f
in g is s u bject to a procl am ation of ou tl awry ;
, m oder ate corre ction ! The d esign of the le gis ’
-

( H aywood s M an ual an d then whoever l ature of N orth C arolin a i n f ram in g this l aw is

’
,

finds him m ay shoot him te ar him in pieces with m ani fest ; i t was to p rodu ce the imp ression upon
,

do gs b urn him to de ath over a slow fire or k ill the world th at they had so hi gh a sense of j u stice
, , ,

h im b y an y other tort ures 2 The pro viso gr ants as vol unt arily to gr ant adequ ate p ro te c tion to the
. .

f ull license to a m aster to kill his sl ave if the lives of the ir sl aves This i s ostent atio u sly se t , .

sl ave resist him The N orth C arolin a Bench has f orth in the pre amble an d i n the body of the l aw
. , .

de cide d th at this l aw contempl ates n ot only ao Th at this was the most despic able hyp ocrisy an d ,
'

t ual resist ance to p u nishm ent & c b ut also ofi er th at they had pre determined to grant no s uch pro
, .
,
.

I f f e c tion no withst andin

in g to resist Stro d s S ketch or e x t t g the p ains t ake n to ge t the
’
( u.
, ,
.
,

am p l e a sl ave u n de rgo in g the process of b r andin g c r e d it o f it is f u lly reve aled by the p roviso which
, , ,

sho ul d resis t by p u shin g aside the b urnin g stam p ; was f r am ed i n s u ch a way as to n u lli fy the l aw .
,

o r if wrou ht u to f renzy by the tort u re of the f or the express accom mod ati on of sl aveholdin
g
g p .

l ash he sho uld c atch an d hold it fast ; or if he gentlemen m u rderin g their sl aves All s u ch find
,
.

b re ak loose f ro m his m aster an d run re fu sin g to i n this proviso a convenien t accom plice be fore the ,

stop at his comm and or if he ref use to be fl og fact an d a p acked j u ry with a re ady m ade ver , , -

e d ; or str u le to keep his clothes on while his diet of

"not u ilty both rat uitou sly f urnished '
’
g gg g g ,

m aster i s n y in g to st rip him if in al l these or b y the government The precedin g l awan d pro , , .

an y on e of the h u ndre d other w ays he resist or viso are to be f o u n d in H ay wood s M an ual 5 3 0 ;

’ ‘

, ,

o ff er or thr eaten to resist the infliction ; or if the also in L aws of Tennessee Act of O ctob er 2 3
, , , ,

m aster a ttempt the viol ation of the sl ave s wi fe 1 79 1 ; an d i n S tro u d s Sketch 37 ’

,
’
, .

an d the h u sb an d resist his attempts witho u t the E no ugh has b een s aid alre ady to show th at ,

le ast e ff ort to inj ure him b ut merely to shiel d his though the l aws of the sl ave st ates pro fess togrant
,

wi fe from his assaults thi s l aw does n ot merely adequ ate protection to the li fe of the sl ave su c h
, ,

permit b ut i t au thoriz esthe m aster to m urder the pro fessions are m ere em pty pretence n o su ch pro
, ,
.

slave on the spot te c tion bein g i n re ali ty aff orde d by them B ut

3 . . .

The br u t ality o f these two proviso s b r an ds its there is still another fact showin g th at al l l aws
authors as b arb ari ans B ut the third c au se o f e x which pro fess to protect the sl aves from inj ury b y
. x .

empt ion cou ld n ot be o utdone b y the le gisl ation the whites are a m ockery It is this— th at the .

o f fien ds D Y I N G u nder 11 0 1513 11 e c orrec tion

.
“
testimony neither of a sl ave n or of a free colored ,

M O DERATE corre c tion an d Dian a— c ause an d e ff ect ! person is l egal testimony against a white To ,
.

Provi ded A LW AY S s ays the l aw this ac t sh all this r ule there is n o ex c ep tion in an y of the sl ave
,
’
,

n ot exten d to a n y sl ave dyin g u nd er m oderate st ates : an d this were there no other evide n c e , ,

c orrec tion Here is a f orm al procl am ation of wo uld be s ufficient to s tamp as hyp ocritic al al l
‘
'

, ,

imp u nity to m u rde r— an express pled ge of acquit the p rov ision s o f the code s which p rof ess to pro
'

. .

ta l to al l sl aveholders who wis h to m urder their teet the sl aves Pro fessin g to grant p rotec tion . ,

sl ave s a le gal absol u tion— an ind ulgence gr anted whil e at the s am e tim e it strips them o f the only
, ,
.

be f ore the com m ission of the crime L ook at m ean s by which they c an m ake th at prote ction
the phra seolo gy N othin g i s s aid o f m ai m in gs av ail able ! Inj uries m ust be le gally p roved be fore
.
,

d ismemberments skul l fr act ures o f severe br uis they c an b e le gally re dressed to deprive men o f
, ,

1 n gs or l acerati ons or even o f fl oggin gs ; b u t a the power of rovin g their inj uries is itsel f the
'

, , p ,

W o rd is u sed the common p arl ance impor t of gre atest o f al l inj uries ; for it not only exp oses to
-
 O bjection s C on sidered— P ub l ic Op in ion .

al l , invites them by a virt ual guar an t e e o f

b ut ,
penitenti ary ( P 1 0 7 where the re ader will fin d
.
’
. ,

imp u nity an d is th us the au thor of al l inj uries

, . al l the crimes en u m er ate d ) I t sho ul d be a dde d , .

I t m atters not wh at other l aws exist pro fessin g ,

however th at though the pen alty for e a ch of these
,

to throw safe gu ards round the sl ave — this m akes seventy on e crimes is de ath yet a m aj or ity of
-
,
’

them b l ank p aper How c an a sl ave prove ou t .

.
them are in the words of the l aw de ath w ith
, ,

r ages perpetr ate d U pon him by his m aster or over i n cler gy an d in V ir gini a c l ergy a bl e o ff ences , .

seer when his own testimo n y an d th at o f al l his tho u gh tec hn ic al l y c ap ital y are not so in f ac t In
'

.
,

f e l low sl aves his kindred associ ates an d ao

— -
, , , M ississippi sl aves are p u nishe d c apit ally for m ore
,

quaint anc es are ru led out o f co urt ? an d when he , th an thirty cri m es for which whites are p u nishe d ,

i entirely in the p ower of those who inj ure him

s
,
only by fine or im prisonm ent or both E i ght of , .

an d when the only c are necess ary on their p art , , these are n ot recogn iz e d a s c rim es, either b y c om
is to see th at no white witness is lookin g o n O r
, . mon l aw or by st atu te when c ommitted by ,
‘
d in aril y b u t on e white m an , the o verseer is w ith
, , wh ites In S o u th C arolin a sl aves are p u nish ed
.

the sl aves while they are a t l abo r ; indeed on , c apitally for n in e more crimes th an the white s~ é
most pl antations to com mit an o utr age in th e ,
'

i n Georgi a for six — an d in Kent u cky for sev en

, ,
"
p sen ce of a white witness wo u ld b e m ore difli
r e m ore th an whites & c We su rely nee d not de , .

e ul t th a n i n their absence He who wishe d to . t ain the re ader by comm ents on this monstrous
c ommit an ille gal ac t u pon a slave inste ad of be .
,
.
inequal ity with which the pen al codes of sl ave
st ates tre at slaves an d their m asters When we
‘

m g obli ged to take p ain s an d w atch fo r an op p or .

tun ity to do it un o b serv e d by a white wo u ld fin d '

,
-
consider th at guilt is in proportion to inte l li gence ,

i t d ifli c ul t to do it i n the presence of a white if he an d th at these m asters h ave by l aw doom ed their

wished to do so The s u preme cou rt of L ou isi .

“

sl aves to i gnor ance , an d then as they d arkle an d ,

grope alon g their blind way inflict pen al ties u pon

,

an a in their decision in the c ase o f C r aw ford vs

‘

, , .
,

Cherry 1 5; ( Mar tin s L a R ep 1 4 2 ; also L aw

,
’
. . them for a v ariety of acts re garded as pr aise
of S l a ver ”
y where the de fe n d ant was sue d ,
worthy in whites ; k illin g th em for crimes ,

for the v a l u e of a sl ave W hom he had shot an d when W hites are only fined or imprisoned— to c all
k ille d sa
y The ac t ch ar ge d here is on e rarel y
, , , s u ch a f p u blic Opinion inh u m an s av age m u r ’
, ,

com mitted in the presence of witn esses ” ( whites) , . derons di abolic al wo uld be to u se t ame w ords if
, , ,

S o in the c ase o f the State vs M ann ( Devereux .

, ,
the E n glish voc ab ul ary co uld s u pp ly oth ers of mo re
.

N 0 R ep 2 63 ; an d L awof S l avery ” 2 4 7
. . . in , horrible i mport .

which the de f end ant was ch ar ged with shooti n g B ut sl aveholdin g bru t ality doe s not stop here .

a sl ave
girl belon gin g to the pl ainti ff ; the S u
‘ ’

'
Wh ile p u nish in g the slaves f or crimes w ith v astly
prem e C o urt of N orth C arolin a in the ir de cision , ,
g re ater severity th an it does the ir m asters for the
spe akin g of the n rov oc ation s of the m aster by the s ame crimes an d m akin g a v ariety of acts crimes
,

sl ave an d the conseq u ent wrath of the m aster

, in l aw W hich a,
re ri ght , an d o f ten d u ties it per , .

prom pting him to b l oody ven ge an ce add a ven , ,

‘
sists in re fu sin g to m ake known to the sl ave s th at
gean ce gen e ral l y p rac tise d with imp u n ity , by rea c ompl ic ate d a n d b arb aro u s pen a l code whi ch
f i
its p r vacy ’
son o .
lo ads them with s u ch fe ar ful li abilities The sla ve .

L aws
excl u din g the testimony of sl ave s an d is le f t to ge t a knowled ge of these l aws as he c an ,

f ree colored persons where a white is concerned , , an d c ases m u st be of const ant o cc u rrence at the
do n ot e xist in al l the sl ave state s f O n e or two so uth i n which sl aves ge t their first knowled ge
,

of them h ave no le ga l en actment o n the s u bj ect ; of the existenc e of a l aw by s u ff erin g its pen alt y .

b u t i n the se p u b l ic bp in ion a cts with the f orce Indee d this is prob ably the way i n which they
‘ ’
, ,
,

of l aw an d the co urts i n variab l y rej e c t i t

,
Thi s .
comm on ly le arn wh at the laws are ; for howelse
,

brin gs u s b ack to the poten cy of th at oft qu oted -

c an the sl ave ge t a knowled ge o f the l aws ? He
‘
p u blic opinion so re ady a ccordin g to ou r ob ,
’
, c ann ot read he c annot l earn to re ad if he try -

e c tor to do b attle f orthe rote c tion o f the sl ave !

j , p to m aster the alph abet so th at he m ay spell out ,

the words of the l aw an d th us avoid its pen al ties

‘

Another proo f th at p u blic Opinion in the ‘ .

,
’
, ,

slave st ates pl u nders tortures an d m urders the , , , the l aw sh akes its terrors at him ; while at the ,

sl aves inste ad of p rotec tin g them is f ou nd i n the s ame time those who m ade the l aws re fu se to
w
, , ,

f act th a t the l aws o f sl ave st ates inflict c ap ital

, m ake them known to those for hom they are de
p u nishm ent on sl aves for a variety of crimes for , si gne d The memory of C ali gul a will bl acken
.

which if their m asters com m it them the le gal

, , wi th e xecration while tim e l asts bec au se he h u n g ,

p en alty is m erely imp rison m en t J ud ge Stro u d .

, u p his l aws so hi gh th at people co u ld n o t re a d '

in his S ketch o f the L aws o f Sl avery s ays th at , , , them , an d then p u nished them bec ause they did
by the l aws of Vir gini a there are seventy on e ,
-
n ot keep them O ur sl aveholders aspire to bl acker
.

cri mes f or which sl aves are c apit ally p unished , i n famy C ali gul a was content with h an gin g up
.

tho ugh in non e of these are whites p u n ished in a

-
his l aws where his su bj ects could see them ; an d
m anner m ore severe th an by imprisonme n t in the if they co uld n ot re ad them , they k new where
 1 50 bj
O ectio ns C on sid ere d—P ub l ic O p in ion .

they were an d mi ght ge t at them if in their ze al

, , , the so uth , in the for m of l aw tr amples on all those ,

to le arn his will they had u sed the s ame me ans,

f und am ent al principles of ri ght j u stice an d eq uity , , ,

to ge t u p to them th a t those did who h un g them which are reco gnized as s acre d by al l civilize d n a
there E ven C ali gu l a wre tch as he was wo uld
.
, , tions an d receive the hom age even of b arb ari ans
, .

h ave sh uddered at c uttin g their le gs off to pre ,

1 O n e of these principles is th at the b en efi ts
.
,

vent their climbin g to them ; or if they had got of l aw to the s u b ect sho u ld overb al ance its b ur
, j
there at borin g their eye s out to pre ven t their
, , den s— its protection more th an com pens ate for its
re adin g them O ur sl aveholders virtu ally do
‘

. restr aints an d ex action s—an d i ts ble ssin gs alto

both fo r they prohibit their sl aves acq u irin g th at gethe r o u twei gh its inconveniences an d evil s
knowled ge o f letters which wo u ld en able them to the former bein g n u merous positive an d perm a , ,

re ad the l aws ; an d if by ste alth they ge t it i n , , nent the l at ter fe w ne gative an d incidental To
, , , . .

sp ite o f them they prohibit the m books an d p a

,
t ally the reverse of all this is tru e in the e ase of
p ers an d fl og them if they are c au ght at them
,
. the slave Law is to him al l ex ac tion an d n o pro
.

F urthe r— C ali gula m erely h un g his l aws so hi gh tec tion inste ad o f li ghtenin g his n a tural b urdens ,

th at they co uld not be read—ou r sl aveholders it cru shes him u nder a m u lti t u de of artifici al ones ;
h ave h u n g theirs so hi gh above the sl ave th at “
inste ad o f a f rien d to su ccor him it is his de adliest ,

they c annot be seen — they are u tterly out of si ght , fo e tran sfi x in g him at every step from the cradl e
,

an d he finds o ut th at they are there only by the to the grave Law has been be au ti f u lly define d
.

f alli n g o f the p en alties on his he ad fi" Th u s the to be benevolence actin g b y r u le to the Ame .

”
p ublic opinion of sl ave st ates protects the de ric an sl ave it is m alevolence tort urin g by system .

f e nceless sl ave by armin g a h ost o f le gal pen al I t is an ol d tr u th th at resp on s ib il ity i ncre ase s
,

ties an d settin gthem in amb u sh at every thicket with c ap ac ity ; b ut those s ame l aws which m ake
alon g his p ath to sprin g up on him u n aw ares
, .
the sl ave a c ha ttel ” req u ire o f him m ore th an ,

S tro u d in hisSketch o f the L aws of S l avery

, , of m en The s ame l awwhich m akes him a thin g
.
'

p age 1 0 0 th u s comments on this monstrou s b ar

, inc ap able of obli gation loa ds him with o bli gations ,

b urity .
s uperh um an— while sinkin ghim below the level of
The h ardene d convic t m oves their sym p athy a br ute in dispensin g its b en efi ts he l ays u pon him ,
,

an d is to be t au ght the l aws b e f ore he i s expecte d burdens which would bre ak down an an gel .

to obey the rn ; 1 ye t the gu iltless sl ave is s ubj ected 2 I n n oc en c e is e n titl e d to the p r ote c tio n of l aw
'
L
. .

to an extensive sy stem o f cru el en actments of n o -

,
Sl aveholders m ake i nnocence f ree pl u nder ; this
”
p art o f which pro b bly h he ever he rd
a a s a .
, ,
i s their d aily employment their l aws ass ail i t
.

H avin g alre ady drawn so l ar gely on the re ad m ake i t the ir v ictim inflict u pon it al l an d in , , ,

er s p atience in ill u str atin g so uthern p ublic op i

’
, some respects more th an al l the pen alties of the
, ,

nion by the sl ave l aws inste ad of a dd ition al ill u s To other innoce n t p ersons l aw
’
,
gre atest gu ilt .
,

tration s o f the s am e point f rom another cl ass of is a blessin g to the sl ave it is a c urse only a
, ,

those l aws as was o ur desi gn we W ill gro up to ge

, , c urse an d th at contin u ally .

ther a fe w p artic u l ars which the re ader c an t ake , 3 Dep r ivation of l ib erty is on e of the highest
.

”
i n at a gl an ce showin g th t the p ublic opinion
a ,
p u n ishm en ts of c rim e ; an d in proportion to its
'

of sl aveholders tow ards their sl aves w hich exists at , j ustice when inflic ted on the guilty is i ts in jus ,

T he f oll owin g extrac t f rom the Al exan d ri a ( D C ) G a . .

tic c whe n inflicted on the innocent this terri b le
zette is an il l ustration C RI M I N A L S C ON DE MN E D — O u
. .
pen alty is in fl ic ted on t wo million se ven h u ndred
M on d ay l ast the C o u rt of the b orough of orfol k , V a sat N .
,

tho us and innocent persons i n the So uthern st ates

o n the trial of f ou r n e gro b o y s arraign ed fo r b u r gl ary T he .
. ,

first in dic tm en t c harge d the m wi th b re ak i n g in to the hat d 4 S e lf p reservation an d self def e n ce are un i -

w are store oe E T ab b , up on whic h two of them were

- .
,
P
.

as the m os t s acred o f h um an
.

f o u n d guilty b y the C ou rt, an d c on d em n ed to su ff er the v e rsal l

y re ga rded
e n al ty o f t he l aw, w hic h, in the c ase of a sl ave , i s d e ath
g
s
he se c on d F i id ay i n A p ril is ap p oin te d f or the e xe c ution
.

ri ghts yet the l aws o f sl ave st ates p unish the

,

of the ir awf ul sen te n c e T heir ages do n ot exc eed s i xteen . sl ave with d eath for exercisin g these ri ghts i n
T he fi 1 st, a fi n e ac tive b oy , b elon gs to a w1d owl ady m A l
.

e xan d 1 ia : the l atte r, a hou se se n an t, is ow n e d b y a gen tle

th at way which in others is prono u nce d worthy
,

m an i 1 the b oro u gh T he v al ue o f on e was fixe d at $ 1 00 0 , o f the hi hest pr a i se

g
. .

an d the o the r at $80 0 ; w hi c h sum s are to b e re im b urse d

to the ir re sp e c tive o wn ers out of the state tre asury I n al l .
5 T he saf e gu ards of l aw are m ost n ee de d
.
-

p 1 ob 1 b 1 l uy those p oo r b oy s, who are to b e hu n g f o r ste al in g,

'

where n atural saf e guards are weakest E very -

.

n ev e r d re am e d that de ath was the l egal p en al ty o f the c 1 i m e .

H N ew O i l of — principle o f j u stice an d equ ity req uires th at those

"
e re 1 s an othe r, f ro m the c an s B ee l4 , ,

1 837 — “ T he sl ave who S TR U C K so m e c iti z en s in C an al

.

stre et som e wee k s sin c e , has b ee n tried an d f ou n d guil ty ,

who are tot al l y u nprotecte d b y birth st ati on , ,
.

an d is se n te n c ed to b e H U N G 0 11 the 2 4 th . we alth friends infl u e nce an d pop ul ar favor

, , , ,

T I t s hal l b e the d u ty o f the k ee p er of the p en i ten tiary ] an d espec i ally those who are the innocen t obj ects
on the rec e ip t of e ac h p rison e r, to n o to him o r he r suc h
p arts o f the p en al laws of thi s state as im p ose p e n al tie s f or of p ublic contempt an d pre ju dice sho uld b e ,
e scap e , an d to m ak e al l the p riS Ol l C l S i n the p en iten ti ar
ac qu aii i ted with the sam e I t shal l also b e his d uty , o n the
.
y
m ore vi gil antly protecte d by l aw th an those who ,

d isc l 1 a1 ge o f suc h p riso n er, to re ad to him o r hm suc h p arts are so f ortified by de fence th at they h ave far less
of the said l aws as im p ose add ition al p un ishm en ts for the
,

re p e t itio n o f o ff e n c e s — R ul e 1 2 th, f or the i n ter n al gov ern

. need o f l egal protection yet the poor sl ave who
P
m en t of the en i te n ti ary of G eorgi a S e e 26 of the P em .

is fort ified b y n o n e o f these p er son a l b ulwarks is

ten tm ry ri ot of 1 81 6 - rin c e 8 D igest, 386
’
. P .
,
 O bj ection s C on sidered—P ub lic Op in ion .

f ac t, th at the newsp apers in the sl aveholdin g c l oth over her he ad an d f ace , an d a fl y b on n e t on

states tee m with advertisements f or r un aw ay her head so as to c over the b urn ; her childre n
,
are both boys the oldest is in his seventh e ar
sl aves in w hich the m asters an d
,
m is tr es s es de y ,

he is a m u l a tto an d has bl u e eyes the yo u n gest

scribe their m en an d women as h avin g been is b l ack an d is i n his fi f th ye ar The wom n s , ’
a .

br anded with a hot iron on their cheeks n ame is Betty commonly c al led Bet ,
’
,
’

, .

j aws bre asts ms le gs an d thi ghs Mi C AJA fl Ri C Ks

‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ’
,
ar , , , .

also as sc arred very m uch sc arr ed c ut up ,

’ N ash C oun ty J u l y 7 1 83 8 ,
’
,
’
, , .

m arked & c with the whip als o with iron

,
’
. He ar the wretch tell his story with as m u ch ,
’
,
‘ "
coll ars on ch ains b ars of iron
,
’
f etters ’
indi fference as if h e were describin g the c u ttin g
, ,
’
,

bells horn s sh ac k les & c T hey also de of his initi als i n the b ark of a tree
'

’ ’ ’
.
, , , , , .

scri b e them as h aving been wounde d by b u ck I b urn t her with a hot iron on the l ef t si de of
'

shot , rifi e b al l s
’
& c fire d at them by the ir herf ac e ” ,
’
I trie d to m ak e the l etter il l ” an d
.
, ,
‘
owners an d oth ers When in p urs ui t ; also as this he s ays in a newsp aper an d p u ts h is n ame
,
’
, ,

h avin g notches c ut i n their e ars the tops or to it an d the e d itor O f the p aper who is also its
,
’
,
, , ,

bottoms of their e rs a c u t or slit or on e proprietor p u blishes i t for him an d pockets h is

’
, ,

e ar ou t or b ot h e ars c ut & c & c fe e Perh aps the re ader will say ‘ O h it m us t

. . .
.
“

, ,

T he m asters an d mistresses who th u s advertis e h ave been p ublishe d in an insi gnific an t sheet
their r u n aw ay sl aves coolly si gn their n ames to printe d i n some obsc u re corner of the st ate p e r
, .

their advertisem ents givin g the street an d n um h aps by a gan g O f squatters in the Dism al
,
,
’

ber of their residences if in cities their post of. Sw amp u niversa lly re garde d as a pest an d e dit
,
-
,
, ,

ti e s address & c if in the co u ntry ,

th u s m a e d by som e sc ape gallows who is detest ed by the
. . -
,

ki n g p ublic procl am ation as W idely as possible whole com m u nity T O this I rep ly th at the .

th at they b r an d gash &c ’ ’

sc ar ‘
c ut up N orth C arolin a
, ,
’ ‘
the p ap er which ,
’
, .

the fl esh of their sl aves ; lo ad them with irons c ut cont ains it is a l ar ge six col u m ne d weekly p aper , , ,

off their e ars & c they spe ak of these thin gs with h an dsom ely printed an d ably edited ; it is the
, .

the utmost sa n g f roid not seemin g to think it le adin g Democr atic p aper i n th at st ate , an d is ,

possible th at an y on e will es teem them at al l the p ublished at Ralei gh the C apit al o f the st ate
, , ,

less bec ause of these o u tr ages u pon their sl aves Thom as L orin g E sq Editor an d Proprietor
'

. .
,

further these advertisements sw arm in m any o f The motto i n c ap itals u nder the he ad O f the p a
,

the l argest an d most wi dely circ u l ated politic al per is T H E C ON S T I T U T I ON A N D T I I E U N I ON o r ,

—
l

an d commerci al p apers th at are p ublished in the ”

'

THE S TATE S THEY M U S T B E PRE ERVED S The .

sl ave st ates The editors o f those p apers con same E ditor an d Proprietor who exhibi ts su c h
.
‘

stitu te the m ain b ody of the l iter ati o f the sl ave b r ut ality o f f eelin g to wards the sl aves by givin g ,

states they m ove i n the hi ghest circle of socie the precedin g advertisem ent a conspic u o u s pl ace
ty are amon g the pop u l ar men i n the c o m m u in hi s colu mns an d t akin g his p ay for it has ap ’
, , ,

n it n d as a c l ass are more infl uenti al th an an

y a , y p aren tl y a; keen sense of the proprieties O f li fe
, ,

ot her yet these editors p ublish these advertise where whites are concerned an d a hi gh re gard ,

ments with iron indi fference S o far f rom p ro f or the ri ghts ch ar acter an d f eelin gs of those .
,

claim i n g to s u ch felons homicides an d m urder whose skin is colore d like his own , As proof O f ,
. .

e rs that the
y will not be their blood ho u nds to this we copy f rom the n u mber of the p aper c on
- .
, p
, ,

h u nt down the innocent an d m u til ate d victims t ainin g the fore goin g advertisement the f oll owin g ,

who have esc aped f rom their tort u re they freely E di torial on the p en din g politic al c anv ass
'
, .

furnish them w ith every facility becom e their We c annot re f r ai n f rom expressi n g the hope
mplices an d sh are their spoils an d inste ad th at the G ubern atori al c anv ass w
,

a cc o ill be cond u ct .

ed with a d u e regard to the c harac te r an d f eel

g g p ublic Opinion by doin git they
o f o u tr a in
’ ,
, ,
in gs of the distin guishe d indivi d u als who are c an .

are the m en af ter its own he art its or ans its i te s f or th at O ffi ce an d th at the press O f
g d da , ,

represent at ves its self i , N orth C arolin a will set an e x amp l e in this respect
.
,

To show th at the p u blic opinion of the slave worthy of i mi tation an d of p ra ise ” ’

.

st ates towards the sl aves is absol u tely diabol ic al

, W h at is this b ut chiv alro u s an d honor able feel
, ,

we will insert a fe w o ut of a m u ltit u de of sim i in ? The ood n am e of N orth C arolin a is de ar to

g g , ,

l ar a dvertisem ents from a v ariety o f so uthern him —o n the com fort ch ar acter an d feelin gs ‘ ’

O f her w
,
,
p apers now be fore us hi te citizens he sets a hi gh v al u e he f eels
.

The N orth C arolin a Stand ard of J uly 1 8 too most deeply for the c harac ter of the P ress o f , ,
,

1 83 8 cont ains the f ollowin g

, N orth C arolin a sees th at it is a city se t on a ,

TW EN TY DO LLARS R E W ARD Ran hil l an d implores his brethren O f the e ditori al . .

,
aw ay f rom the s ubscriber a n e gro wom an an d
corps to set an ex ample of co u rtesy an d , ’

two children the wom an i s t all an d bl ack an d

ation an d praise
,
m agn an irn ity worthy of imit
a f e w d a s b ef ore she w en t of I B un ur HE R W ITH
. .

y
'
, .

A n or m o n ON THE L E FT sm s o r HER m e n ; I N ow re ader p ut al l these thin gs to gether an d . ,

rare r ) T O M A K E TH E m r rs r r M an d she k e t a con them over an d then re ad again the precedin g

p , ,
 Objection s C on sidered— P ub l ic Op in ion . 1 53

a dverti sem ent cont ained In the s am e n umber o f sh ackles al l p arts O f their persons sc arred with
,

the p aper an d y ou h ave the tr ue N orth C arolin a

,
“
the l ash an d br anded with hot irons an d torn
, ,

”
S TA N DARD by which to me asu re the protection
, with rifle b ullets pistol b alls an d b u ck shot an d , ,

extended to slaves by the p ublic Opinion O f ’

gashed with knives their eyes ou t their e ars c ut , ,

t hat st ate . off their teeth dr awn ou t an d their bones broken

, , .

J P Ash ford advertises as f ollows in the

. . He is re ferred also to the cool an d Shockin g in dif
N atchez Co urier ” A ugu st , f erence with which these sl aveholders gen tle ,

Ran away a ne gro girl c alle d M ary has a , , m en an d l adies Reverends an d Honorables,
’
,
’
,

sm all sc ar over her eye a

good m an y te e th m is , an d E xcellencies wr ite an d print an d p ublish , ,
sin
g the letter A is b ran de d ou her c heek an d an d
p ay an d t ake money for an d re ad an d p ir
, .

”
.
, ,
forehead .

c ulate an d s ancti on s uch in fern al barb arity

A B M etc alf th us advertises a wom an in the
, , .

. .
L et the reader ponder al l this an d then l ay it to ‘

,
same p aper J u ne 1 5 1 838 , , .
he art th at this is th at p ublic op inion of the
,
’

Ran away M ar a b l ack wom an has a sc ar

y , , , sl aveholder which protects their Sl aves f rom al l in
,
on her b ack an d ri ht arm ne ar the sho ulder ,
j ury an d is an efl e c tual guar antee O f person al
'

ca u se d b
y a rifll e b al
,
.

sec u rity .

John Henderson in the Gr an d G ul f A dver ,

Howe ver far gone a comm unity m ay be in b ru
tise r ” A ugust 29 1 838 advertises Betsey
, , ,
.
t ality something of protection m ay yet be hoped
,
Kan aw ay , a bl ack wom an B etsey has an ,
for from its p ublic Opinion if resp ec t f or wom an ’
” ,
iron b a r on her right l eg .

s urvives the general wreck ; th at gone protection ,

Robert N icoll whose residence is in M obile in , , perishes ; p ublic Opinion becomes univers al r apine ;
D au phin street between E mm an uel an d C on c ep ,
ou tr ages once occ asion al b ecome h abitual ; the
, ,

ti on streets th us a dvertises a wom an in the

,
tort u re which was be fore inflicte d Onl y by p as
,
.

”
M ob ile C ommerci al A dvertiser .
sion becomes the const ant prod u c t O f a sy stem ,
,

T E N D O LLARS R E W ARD will be given an d inste ad of b e in

g the index of s udden an d
'
.
,
for my ne gro wom an L iby
fierce imp u lses is coolly plied as the perm
The s aid L iby is .

anent
abo u t 3 0 ye ars Old an d V E RY M UCH SCA R
,

me ans to an en d When women are br and ed

,

RE D AB O UT T H E N E C K A N D E ARS Occ a ,
.

sion e d by w hippin g ha d on a h an dkerchie f tie d ,

with hot irons on their f aces ; when iron coll ars ,

rou n d her c ars as she C O M M ONLY we ars it to H I DE

, with pron gs are rivete d about their nec k s ; when
,
”
THE S C AR S .
iron rin gs are fastened upon thei rlim b s an d they ,

To show th at sl aveholdin g b r ut ality now is the are f orced to dr a

g after them ch ains an d f etters ;
s ame th at it was the ei ghth O f a cent ury ago we , when their flesh i s torn with W hi p s an d m an gled ,

p ub lish the f ollowin g advertisement f rom th e wi th b ullets an d shot an d l ac e rate d with kniv e s ; ,

Ch arlesto n ( S C Co urier ” of 1 825 . , . an d w hen those who do su c h thin gs are re garded .

TW EN T Y D O LL ARS R E WARD — Ran in the com m unity an d associ ated with as gen ,

a w ay f rom the s u bscriber on the 1 4 th inst ant , , tlemen an d ‘ l adies to say th at the p u blic Opin
’
.

a ne gro girl n am ed M olly

io n O f suc h a comm u nity is a protection to its
’
.

The s aid girl was sold by M essrs Wm P ayne . .

v i ctims is to bl asphem e God whose c re atu res

S ons as the property O f an estate o f a , ,

they are , c ast in his own s acre d im age an d de ar

,

M r G e arral l an d p urch ased by a M r M O Se S

'

. ,
.
, ,

a n d sol d by him to a Thom as P risl e y of E d ge ,

to him as the appl e O f his eye .

fi eld District O f whom I bo ught her on the 1 7th

, B ut we are not yet q u ite re ady to dismiss this
of April 1 8 1 9 She is 1 6 or 1 7 ye ars O f age
, .
, prote ctor P ub l ic O pinion T O ill u str ate the
, .
’

sl im m a de L ATE L Y B RA N DE D ON THE L EFT C HE E K

, ,
h ardened b ru t ality with which Sl aveholders re
THU S R A N D A P I E C E TA K E N O FF O E HER EAR
,
gard their sl aves the sh ameless an d app arently
,

ON T H E S A M E S I DE ; THE S AM E L ETTE R ON THE ,

'
‘

u nconscio us indecency with which they spe ak O f

I N S I DE O F B O TH HER L EG S .

A B N E R RO S S F airfiel d D i stri ct , . their fem ale Sl aves ex amine their persons an d , ,

describe them u nder their own si gn at u res in

B ut inste ad O f fillin g p ages with simil ar ad
, ,

newsp apers h and bills & c j ust as they wo ul d -

Vertisem e n ts ill ustr atin g the horrible b ru t ality of

.
, ,
,
describe the m arks of c attle an d swine on al l
s l avehol ders tow ards their sl ave s the re ader is
,

p arts of their bodies we will m ake a fe wextr act s

, ,

re ferred to the p re c e din g p age s O f this work to ,

f rom so u thern p apers Re ader as we procee d
the scores of advertisements written by sl ave
.
,
.

to these extr acts rem ember ou r m otto Tru e

hol ders p rinte d by sl aveholders p ublished by
, ,
,

h um anity consists n ot in a sque amish e ar ’

Sl aveholders in newsp apers edited by S l aveholders

.

M r P A B DI E O f N e w O rle ans ad vertise s in

, , '

an d p atronized by sl aveholders
.
.
, ,
advertisements
the N e w O rle ans Bee of J anu ary 29 1 838 for , ,
describin g n o t only m en an d boys b ut women
,
, ,
o n e O f his fem ale sl aves as f ollows ;
age d an d mi ddle a ged m atron s an d girls of
,

Ran away the ne gro w ench n am ed Betsey

-
,
,
tender ye ars their necks ch afed with iron coll ars
,
aged abou t 22 ye ars h andsom e f aced an d good
,

, ,

with pron gs , the ir limbs galled with iron rin gs , co u ntenance ; h avin g the m arks of the whip b e
an d ch ains an d b ars of iron , iron hob b ies an d
, hin d her neck , an d S EVERA L O THE R S ON HER Rum .
 154 Obj ection s C on sidered— P ub l ic O p in ion .

The above rew ard
ever wil l brin g th at we nch to
will be give n to who Advertise r A ugu st 1 1 1 837 O ff ers a rew ard fo r
, , , ,
”
P A B DI E his slave J ane an d s ays she is f ar a dva n c ed in . . “
,

The N e w O rle ans Bee in which the advertise p g an cy re n

”
,
.

ment of this V and al a ppe ars is the O ffici al G a The N e wO rle ans B ul letin A u gust 1 8 1 838 ,
, , .

zette O f the S tate — O f the Gene r al C o u ncil— an d advertises the ne gress M ary a ed nineteen has
g , ,

O f the first an d third M un icip alities O f N e w O r a sc ar on her face w alks p arrot to ad an d is -

, ,

le ans It is the l ar gest an d the most infl uenti al p regn an t ”

.
’
, .

p aper in the sou th western states an d perh ap s the M r J G M U I R O f Gr an d G ul f M ississippi

-
, . . .

m ost ab ly e dited— an d has u ndo ubtedly a l arger th us advertises a wom an in the Vicksb ur Re is
, , ,

g g
c irc ul atio n th an an y other It is a d aily p aper ter December 5 .

Ran away a ne gro ,

, ,

O f $ 1 2 a ye ar an d its circ ul ation bein g m ainly —

,
g irl has a n u mber O f b l ac k l ump s on her breasts ,
a m on the l a r er merch ants pl anters an d pro
g g an d is in a state of re n an c
p g
” , ,
y .

f e ssion al m en, it is a f air inde x of the p ublic ‘

M r J A C O B BE S S ON Don aldsonville L ou isi an a,

-

.
, ,
Opinion of L o uisi an a so f ar as represented b y a
’

dvertises in the N ew orle ans Bee A ugu st 7

, '

, ,
those cl asses O f persons Advertisements eq ually 1 8 8 “
3 the ne gro wom an Vi ctorine— she is a d
.

gross indecent an d abom in able or ne arly SO v en c e d in re n an c ”

, , , ,
p g y .

c an be f o un d in almost every n um b er O f th at
pa
M r J H LEVER I C H
.

C O N O 1 0 O l d L evee
per
. . . . .
, ,

N e w O rle ans advertises in the B ulletin Jan n a

.

M r W I LL I A M RO B I N S ON Georgetown Distri c t , .
,
.
, ,
r 2 2 1 83 9 as f ollows
o f Col umbi a advertise d for his sl ave in the N a
y , , .

$ 5 0 R E W ARD — Ran aw ay a ne ro irl n amed

tion al Intelli gencer O f Washin ton City O c t 2 g g .

g ,
arol ine abo u t 1 8 ye ars O f a e is
, .
,
C g f a r a d va n c e d
1 83 7 as follows ,
,
in c hil d b earin g The ab ove reward will be p aid .

Eloped from my residence a yo un g ne gress f or her delivery at either O f the ail s of the ci y ”
22 ye ars O l d of a chesn u t or brown color S he j t , .

M
, , .

— r JO H N D UGGA N th u s advertises a wom an in

’

has a very si n gul ar m ark this m ark to the best .

,

the N e wO rle ans Bee of S ep t 7

,

O f m y RE C OLL E C T I ON covers a p art O f her bre asts , , ,

. .

b ody an d l im b s ; an d when her neck an d arm s

, Ran away f rom the s ubscriber a m ul atto we
are u ncovered is very perceptible
; she has been m an n am e d E sther abou t thirty ye ars Of age
“

, , , ,

f req uently seen e ast an d sou th O f the C apitol l a rge stom ac h w ants her upper f ront teeth an d , ,

S qu are an d is h arbore d by ill disposed persons of w alks pi geon toe d — s upposed to be abou t the
,
-
,
-

e very complexion for her services ” , lower fauxb o urg . .

M r JO H N C B EA S LEY ne ar H untsville A l a
. .
M r F RA N C I S FO STER of T roup co Georgi a
, , , .
, .
,

b am a th us advertises a yo un g girl of ei ghteen advertises in the C ol umb us ( G a ) E nquirer O f

, ,
.

i n the H u ntsville Democr at o f A ugust 1 st 1 837 J une 22 1 837 M y ne gro wom an P atsey has
, , . , ,

Ran away M aria abo u t 1 8 ye ars Old very f ar a stoop in her w alkin g occ asioned by a severe
, , ,

a d v a n ce d wth c hil d
i ”
H e then O ff ers a rew ard b u rn o n. h e r ab d om e n
”
.

to an y on e who wil l c om m it this yo un g girl in The above are a f e w specimens O f the gross de
'

this condition toj ail , tails in describin g the p ersons O f f em ales o f al l

.
, ,

M r J A M E S T DE J ARN ET T Vernon A n tau ga ages an d the m arks upon al l p arts O f their bodies
. .
, , ,

co Al ab am a thu s advertises a wom an in the provin g incontestably th at sl aveholders are i n the

.
, ,

Pens acola G azette J uly 1 4 1 838 Celi a is a h abit n ot only O f strippin g their f em ale Sl aves O f
, . .

b right C O p p e r colored ne gress fi n e figu re an d ver y their clothin g an d inflicti ng p u nishment u pon
-
, ,

O n E X A M I N I N G H E R BA C K y o u wil l fi n d their shrinkin g flesh b ut of s ubjectin g their ‘ ’

sm art .
, . ,

m arks c aused by the whip ” He closes the advert n ake d persons to the m ost min u te an d revoltin g .

ise m e n t by O fferin g a rew ard O f fi v e hu n dre d dol

,
inspection an d then O f p ub lishin g to the world ,

l a r s to an y p erson who will lod ge her in j a il so the res u lts o f their ex amin ation as w ell as the , ,

th at he c an get her sc ars le f t by the ir own in fl ic tion s u pon them

. ,

A person who live s at 1 24 Ch artres street their len gth size an d e x act position on the body ; , , ,

N e w O rle ans advertises in the B ee of M ay an d al l this witho u t imp airin g in the le ast the
’
, ,
,

3 1 f or
, the ne gress P atience abo u t 2 8 ye ars st andin g in the comm unity of the sh am eless ,

Old has l arge hip s an d is bowl egge d ” A M r wretche s who th u s procl aim their own abomin a
, ,
. .
.

tions Th a t s u ch thin s sho u ld not at al l aff ec t

T C UG G v, i n the s ame p aper th u s describes
. the g ,
.

andin g O f su c h p ersons in society

ne gress C aroline ” S h e ha s a w k ward f e e t
.
the st i s cer ,
,

w uld they aff ect it when

y an kl es turn s ou t her toes greatl y in wal k
t a in l no m a rvel h o co
c l um s ,
y ,

” t h e s ame comm u n ities en act l aws re qu ir in g the ir

in g an d ha s a s re
,
o on her l ef t s hin .

own le al O fficers to inspect min u tely the per

I n another o f J une 22 M r P B AH I advertises g .

. .
, ,
sons an d bodily m arks o f all sl aves t aken u p as
M ari a with a cle ar white complexion an d doubl e
, ,

n ip p l e on her right b rea st

” r u n aw ays an d to p u blish in the H ewsp apers a
.
,
.

p artic u l ar description of al l s uch m arks an d p o

M r C HAR L E S C RA I GE of Feder al Point N e w
.
, ,

c ul iarities of the ir persons their size , appe ar anc e

,

H anov er co N orth C arolin a in the W ilmin ton

.
, g
,
 O bjecti on s C on sidered— P ub l ic Op in ion .

ly h avin g lost so m e clo thin g or other prop erty of ,

m an m ed SA M PS O N Fi fty doll ars re ward
n a .

n o
gre at v al ue the sl ave o f a nei ghborin g pl anter
,
will be give n for the delivery o f him to m e or ,

was ch arged with the the f t M N e il l y in comp a .

’
, his confinem ent in an y j ail so th at I ge t him ,

an d sho u ld he resist i n bein

n
y with his brother f o und the ne gro drivin g his , g taken so th at v io ,
.

m a ter s w agon ; they sei z ed him an d either did

s ’
, , lence is necess ary to arrest him I will n ot hol d ,

o r were abo u t to ch astise him when the ne gro ,

an
y person li able for d am ages sho ul d the sl av e
stab b e d M N eil l y so th at he die d in an ho u r af ter EN O C H F O Y
’

’
.
.
,

The ne gro was t aken be fore a j u stice O f Jones Cou nty N C , . .

the pe ace who waved his au thority perh aps From the “
M acon ( G M essen er ” J ne
)
, ,
a u
thro u gh f e ar as a crowd of persons had collected
.
g ,

1 4 1 838
,

to the n umber of seventy or ei ghty ne ar M r , .

.

People s ( the j u stice ) ho u se H e a c ted as p resi

’
.
.
TTHE O W N ER S O F RU N A W AY N EGR O E S A l ar ge
o .

d en t of the m ob an d p ut the v ote when it was de m ul atto N e gro m an between thirty fi v e -

'

,
, ,

cided he sho uld be im medi ately exec uted b y bein g f orty y e ars Old abo ut six f eet in h ei ght , h avin g
,

b urn t to d ea th T he s ab l e c ul prit was le d to a

. .
a hi gh forehe ad an d h air sli ghtly
grey was , ,

tree an d tied to it an d a l arge q uanti ty O f pine K I LL E D ne ar my pl ant ation , on the 9 th inst H e

, .

wou l d n ot su rren der b ut assaulte d M r B owen

, , ,

knots collected an d pl ace d aro un d him an d the , .

,

who k illed him in s el f def ence I f the owner

_
,

fat al torch applied to the pile even against the re ,

.
- .

monstrances of several gentlemen who were pre .

desires f urther in form atio n rel ative to the de ath
sent an d the m iserab le bein g was in a short time o f his ne ro he c an
g Obt ain i t b y lette r or b y
, ,

b urne d to ashes .
c allin g on the s ub scriber ten miles so uth O f Perry ,

T his is the S E CO N D ne gro who has b ee n Hou ston co unty EDM D J A s M C G E HE .

’
. .

THUS p ut to de ath witho u t j ud ge or j ury i n this , , From the Ch a leston ( S C ) Co urier Feb r . .
,
’
.

count y .
20 1 836 .

The f ollowin g advertisemen ts testimony & c , , .

$ 30 0 R EWARD Ran away f rom the su b .

vil li S how th at the sl aveho l ders O f tod a scriber i n N ovember l ast his two n e gro men
y are the , , ,

c hil dren O f those who shot an d h u nte d with ,

n am e d Billy an d Pompey .

bloodho unds an d b urne d over slow fires the B illy i s 25 ye ars Old an d is known as the
“
,
, ,
p atroon of my bo at f or m any y e ars ; in al l pro .

sl aves of h alf a cen t ury ago ; the worthy inherit hability he m ay resis t i n th at event 5 0 doll ars
e rs O f their civiliz ation chiv alry an d tender , , will b e p aid for his H E AD .

m erc i es .

F rom the Ne wb e m ( N C ) Spe ct ator Dec ’

. . .
,
T he “ W ilmin gton (North C arolin a) A dver 2 1 836
. .

tiser” of J uly 1 3 1 838 contains the followin g ad

, , R E WARD Ran away from the sub ;
20 0 .

v ertise m en t . scri b er abou t three ye ars ago a cert ai n ne gro

, ,

$ 1 0 0 will b e p aid to an y person who m ay ap m an n amed Ben com monly k n o wn b y the n ,

prehen d an d s af ely confine in an y j ail in th is st ate ,

O f Ben Fox He had b ut on e eye Also on e
. .
,

a cer tain ne ro m an
g n am ed AL FRE D A nd the , .
other n egro b y the n ame o f Ri gdon who ran
, ,
.

s ame re ward wi l l be p aid if satisfactory eviden c e aw ay on the 8th O f this mon th .

Iw
,

is given o f his ha vin g b een K I LL ED He has on e . ill give the reward O f on e h u n dre d doll ar
s

o r more sc ars on on e O f his h ands c au se d by his for e ach O f the above ne groes to be delivered to ,
,
h avin g been shot .
me or confined in the j ail O f L enoir or Jones
“
THE C I TI Z E N S O F O N SL O w .
cou nty or F O R THE K I LL IN G O F THE M so T HAT I
, ,
”
Richl ands O nslow co M ay l 6th , .
,
CA N SEE THE M W D CO B B . . . .

In the s ame n umber of the Spect ator two

In the same col umn with the above an d direct
J ustices of the Pe ace advertise the s am e run
l y un der it is the f ollowin g
aw ays an d give n otice th at if they do not imme
'

,
“
RANA W AY my ne gro m an R I C HARD A re .

w ard of $ 2 5 will be p aid fo r his apprehension diate l y ret urn to W D Cobb their m aster they . .
, ,

D E AD or A L IVE S atis f actory proo f will only .

will be considered as o u tl aws an d an y body m ay ,

be require d of his bei n g KILL E D H e has with . kill them The f ollowin g is an e xtr act f rom the
.

him in al l prob ability his wi fe E L I Z A who ran

, , , procl am ation of the J US T I C E S .
(
aw ay f rom C ol Thompson now a residen t of A l
.
,
A n d we do hereby ,by v irtue O f an ac t O f the
ab am a abo u t the tim e b e comm ence d hi s j o urney
, assembly o f this st ate concernin g se rv an ts an d ~

to th at st ate . DURA N T H RH O DE S ” . .
sl aves intim ate an d declare if the s aid slaves do
,

, ,

In the M acon ( Geor gi a) Tele gr aph M ay 2 8 ,

”
,
not s u rren der them selves an d retu rn home to
is the f ollowin g
their m aster im medi ately af ter the p ublic ation o f
these presents that an y p erson m ay k il l an d de
Abo u t the 1 st of M arch l ast the ne gro m an stro said sl aves b suc h m ean s as he or the
.
,

y y
RA N S O M le ft m e withou t the le ast provoc ation thin k t withou t ac c u sation or im eac hm e n t o y
fi
wh atever ; I will give a reward of twenty doll ars an crim e or o en c e or so doin or without in p f ,

for s aid ne gro if t aken DEA D O R A L I VE — an d if

y fi f g ,
.

hereb
,
k illed in an y attempt, an advance of fi ve doll ars
c urrin g an
y p en al ty orf orf e i tu re t y
,
.

Given u nder our h ands an d se als this 1 2th

B RYA N T J O HN SON
~
,
will be p aid .

N ovember 1 83 6
.

C ra wf ord c o G eorgia
” .
,
.
B COL E M A N J P [ Se al ]
.

. , . .

S ee the N e wb e m ( N C ) Spect ator ” Jan 5 JA S JON E S J P [ Se al !

. .
, .
, .
, . . .

1 838 for the f ollowin g

, O n the 28th O f April 1 83 6 in the C i ty O f S t , .
,
“
RA N A W A Y from the S Ub SC l ib el a ne gro Lo uis Misso uri a b l ac k m an n ame d Mc I n tosh
;
’ '

.
. , , ,
 Objection s C on sidered —P ub l ic O p in ion . 1 57

who o ffi cer th at had arres ted him

had stab b ed an with an ex tr ac t of a letter written by, , f urnishe d us

was se ized b y the m ultit u de fastene d to a tree a gentlem an in M ississippi to his bro ther in th at ,

in the m idst of the c ity wood piled aro u nd him vill age det ailin g the p artic ul ars O f the p recedin g
, , ,

a n d i n Open d ay an d i n the presence of an im tr ansaction The letter is d ate d Gr an d G ul f . ,

mense thron g O f citizens he was b u rne d to de ath M iss A ugust 1 5 , 1 83 6 T he extract is as fol ,
.
. .

The Alton ( Ill ) Tele gr aph in its a cco unt O f the lows
.
,

scene s ays ;
I le ft Vicksb ur g an d c am e to Gr and G ul f .

All was silen t as de ath while the exec ution This is a fi n e pl ace imme di ately on the b anks of the
ers were pilin g wood aro u nd their victim He M ississippi O f somethin g like fi fteen h undre d in .
,

s aid not a word u ntil feelin g th at the fl ames had h abitants in the wi nter an d at this tim e I sup
,

He the n u ttere d an awful

, ,
s eized u pon him pose there are not over two hu ndre d W hite in hab i
.
~

,
h owl attemptin g to sin g an d pray then h un g
, t ants b ut in the tow n an d its vicinity ther e are ,
,
his he ad an d s uff ered in silence e xcept in
“

, ne groes by tho usands T he day I arrive d at this , '

the f ollowin g inst ance —A f ter the fl am es had

.

pl ace there was a m an by the n am e O f G

s u rro u nded thei r prey his eyes b u rn t o ut of his m urdered by a ne gro m an th at belon ge d to him
, . .

head an d his m o u th seemin gly p arched to a

,
‘

G was born an d bro ught up in A st ate

cinder some o n e i n the crowd m ere comp assion
, o f N e w York His father an d mother n ow live
-

, .
'

ate th an the rest propose d to p u t an end tO his so uth of A , He has le ft a property h e re it

misery by shooti n g him when it was
,

is s u pposed , O f forty thou san d dollars an d no fa

,

wo u ld be o f no u se since he was alre ady out O f

,

m ily ,

p ain .N o no s aid the wretch

’
I a m n ot I
, ,
’
T he y took the negro m ou nted him on a hor e , , “
, s
,
am s uff e ri n
g as m u ch as ever shoot me shoot le d the horse u nder a tree , p ut a rope around his ,

me) N o no s aid o n e of the f iends who was

. , n ec k
,
’
raised him u p by throw in g the r ope over a ,
standin g abo u t the s acrifice they were ro astin g limb ; they then got into a q uarrel am on g them ,

he sh all n ot b e shot I wou l d soon er sl ac k en

.

selve s som e s wore th at he sho u ld be burnt alive

.

the fi re if tha t wou l d i n crease his m isery an d

,
the rope was c ut an d the n e gro drop ped to the
t he m an who s a id this was as we u nderst a nd
gro und He immedi ately j u m ped to his f eet ; ,

an O FF I C ER O F J U S T I C E i”
, .

they then m ade him w alk a short distance to a

T he S t L ou is correspondent of a N e w York tree ; he w as then tied fast an d a fire kindled ,

when another qu arrel took p l ace ; the fire was

.

p aper adds ,
p u lled aw ay f rom hi m when abou t h al f de ad an d
T he shrieks an d groans of the victim were a comm ittee O f twelve appointe d to sa in wh a t ,

y . .

lo u d an d pierc in g an d to Observe on e limb after m anner he sho uld b e diS oséd o f They bro u ht in
,
‘

p g
a nother drop in to the fire was aw f u l indeed
.

He th at he sho ul d then be c u t down his he a d c u t o ff his .

was abo u t fi fteen min utes in dyin g I visite d body b urned an d h is he ad stuck on a pole at the , ,
.

the place this mornin g an d saw his body or the corner O f the ro ad i n the e d e of the town Th at
_
,
, ,
g
rem ains O f i t a the pl ace of exec ution He was was done an d al l ar ies s atisfied 1
.

t
p t
, .

b urnt to a cr ump His le gs an d arm s were gone ow n e d the n egro s w e an d w as in the

f
i
.
, ’
” ,
an d only a p art O f his he a d an d body were l e f t
ha b it of sl eep in g with her ’ T he ne gro s ai d he .
.

L est this demonstr ation of p ublic Opinion had killed him an d he belie ved he sho u ld be re ’
,

sho uld b e re garded as a sudden imp ulse merely w arded in he aven f o r i t .

1 This i s b ut on e instance amon g many of a

,
“

not an index O f the settled tone O f feelin g in that simil ar n at u re S S ”

‘
‘

. . .

comm un ity i t is im portan t to add th at the H on

, , .

We h ave received a m ore det ailed acc o unt of

L uke E L awless J ud ge of the Circ u it Court O f
this transaction from M r Willi am Armstron g of
.
,

M is so u ri at a session of th at C o u rt in the city of

.
,
,
P utnam O hio thro ugh M aj Horace N y e of th at
St L ou is som e m onths after the b urni n g of this , .
, ,

pl ace M r A who has been for some ye ars em

.
,
. . . .

m an de cided o fli c ial l y th at since the b urnin g O f

,
'

ployed as c ap tain an d s uperc argo O f b o ats de

M c I n tosh was the ac t either directly o r by
scen din g the river was at G rand G u l f at the ,
,
co u nten ance of a m aj ority of the citi zens it is a
time of the tr agedy an d witn essed it It was on the ,
,
c ase which transcends the j urisdiction of the
.
’

S abb ath From M r Arm stron g s st atement i t ap , ’

Th us the st ate O f M issou ri has

. .

Gr and J ury ,

pe ars th at the sl ave was a m an of u nc om mon in

procl aime d to the worl d th at the wretches who
tel l ige n ce ; had the overs i ght o f a l ar e b u sine ss
,

perpetr ated th at u nspe ak ably di abolic al m u rder — g

,
s uperintended the p urch ase o f s upplies f or his
'

an d the tho u s ands th a t stood by consentin g to i t

m aster & c —th at ex asper ated b
y the i nterco u rse
,

were her rep rese n ta tives an d the Bench s ancti , ..

he was u pbra idin g

,
o f his m aster with his wi f e
fies it with the solemnity O f a j u dici al decision .
,

her on e e venin g when his m aster ov erb e arin g

,
‘

T he N e wO rle ans Post of J une 7 1 83 6 p ub '

’ ,

him went out to quell him was att acked by the

, , ,

lishes the followin g ; , ,

in f uri ate d m an an d killed on the s pot The n am e

“
We underst and th at a ne gro m an was .

O f the m aste r w w
,
as G reen he as a n ative O f A u
-

l ately con demned by the mob to b e BUR N E D

O VE R A S LO W FI RE which was p ut into oxee n b u rn N e wYork an d had been at the south b ut
, ,

, ,
,

t ion at Gran d G ul f M ississippi for m u rderin g a a fe wye ars , , .

”
b l ack wom an a d her m ster
n a , M r E Z E K I E L B I RD S EY E o f C o rnw all Conn a .
.
, , .
,

M r H E N RY B RA D L EY of P en n y au N Y has gentlem an well know n an d hi ghly respec ted in

. , , .
1 58 Objection s C on sidered— P ub lic O p in ion .

Litc hfie l d c ou n ty ,
‘

who resided
n u mber of ye ars del iberate m u rder an d the cry throw him ov er
a
”

i n Sou th C arolin a give s the followin g te stim o bo rd w s t seem s responded to from every
,
a
”
a i “
, ,

quarter of the deck 1”

A m an by the n ame of Waters was killed by Rev J A M E S A T H O M E of A u gust a Ky son of . . , , ,

his sl aves in N e wb e rry District

,
Three O f them Arthur T he m e E sq till recently a sl aveholder.
, ,

were trie d be fore the court , an d ordere d to be p ublishe d five ye ars since the f ollowin de sc rip
g
~

b urnt I was b ut a fe wmiles distant at the tim e tion O f a scene witnessed by him i n e w O r
N
. ,

an d converse d with those w ho sawthe e xec u tion

.

The sl aves were tied to a st ake an d p itch p ine le a ns

In Decem b er O f 1 833 I l anded at N e w O r

,

wood piled aro un d them to which the fire was ,

I t was af ter ni ght

,

c om m unic ated Thou sands were collected to le ans in the ste am e rW

. , ,

witness this barb aro us tr ans action O ther er c ea d ark an d r ainy The p assen gers were c alled ou t .
.

o f the c abi n f rom the e n j oym ent O f a fi re which

tion s of this k in d took p l a ce in various p arts of , ,

the sta te d urin g m y residen ce in it f rom 1 8 1 8 to the cold d amp atmosphere rendered very com fort ,

—
, ,

1 82 4 Abou t three or fo ur y e ars ago a yo un g a ble by a s u dden sho u t o f c a tch him c atch , ,

— T he cry was answere d

. ,

ne gro was b u rnt in Abbeville D istrict for an at h im c atch the ne gro ’

.

—
,

t empt a t r ape
”
.
by a h un dre d voices C atch him k il l him an d ’
,

a r u sh f rom every direction tow ard ou r bo at ih

I n the f all of 1 837 there was a rum or O f a pro dic ate d th at the Obj ect O f p ursu it was ne ar The
'
,

, .

e c te d ins urrect ion o n the Red River i n LOuisia n ext moment we he ard a m an pl un ge into the
j ,

n a . The citizen s for thwith seize d an d h an ge d river a f e w p aces above u s A crowd gathered , .

u pon the shore with l am ps an d stones an d cl u bs

N I N E S LAVE S A N D THREE FRE E C OLO RE D M EN W I TH , , ,

still cryin g c atch him— kill him— c atch him

, ,

O UT TR I A L A f ew months previou s to th at tr ans ,

.

shoot him ’

a ction a sl ave w
.

, as seized in a simil ar m anner “

I soon discovered the poor m an He had .

an d p ublicly b u rn ed to de ath in Ark ansas In t aken re fu ge u nder the prow of another bo at an d

, .
,

J ul y 1 835 the citi zens O f M adison county M is was st andin g in the w ater up to hi s w aist The
, , ,
.
.

an ry voci fer a tion o f his p ursu ers did not intim

sissip i were al armed by r um ors O f an
p ,
in surre c g ,
’
id ate him He defie d them al l Don t y ou
ti on arr
.
;
ested five slaves an d p ublicly e xec u te d .

d are to come n e ar m e or I will S ink y ou in the ,

them wi tho u t tri al
river .
He was armed with desp air For a .
’
.

The M iss ou ri Rep ublic an April 30 1 838 gives m oment the m ob was p al sied by the e nergy , , ,

the p ar tic ul ars of the deliber ate m urder of a ne gro O f his thre atenin gs They were afr aid to .
.

m an n amed Tom a cook on bo ard the ste ambo at gO to him with a ski ff b ut a n u mber o f them
,
,

P awnee on her p assage up f ro m N e w O rle ans to went on to the bo at an d tried to seize him They .

,
threw a noose rope down repe atedly that they ,
S t L ouis Som e O f the f acts st ate d by the Re m i ht u l l him u b the n ec k b ut he pl ante d
. .

g p p y
p ublic an are the f ollowin g his h and fi rmly against the bo at an d d ashed the
O n Frid ay ni ght abo u t 1 0 O clock a de af rope away with his arms O n e O f them too k a
’
, , .

an d d u mb G erm an girl w as f o u nd i n the store lon g b ar O f wood an d le anin g over the prow en , ,

room with Tom The door was locked an d at deavore d to strike him on the he ad The blow
. , .

first T om denie d she was there The girl s m u st h ave sh attered the sku ll b ut it di d n ot re ach .
’
,

f ather c ame T om u nlocke d the door an d l o w eno u gh The m o nster r aise d ti p the he avy ' '

. , .

the girl was fou nd secreted in the room behind a cl ub agai n an d s aid Com e ou t now y ou O l d ras , , .

b arrel T he next mornin g some f o u r or five of c al or d ie

. S trike s aid the ne gro ; strike , .
’
,
’

the deck p assen gers spoke to the c apt ain abou t it shiver my b r ains n ow I w ant to die an d .

Thi s was abo u t bre akfast tim e Imm edi ately down went the cl u b again witho u t strikin g .
, .

af ter he le f t the deck a n u mber O f the de c k p as This was repe ate d several times The m ob se e
, .
,
.

sen gere r u shed u pon the ne gro b ound his arms in g their e ff orts fruitless bec am e m ore enraged , ,

b ehind his b ack an d c arrie d him forward to the an d thre atene d to stone him if he did n ot s u rren ,
.

how of the bo at A voice cried out throw him der himsel f into their h ands He again defie d
. .

overbo ard an d was responded to f rom every them an d decl are d th at he woul d drown h imsel f
,
’
,

q uarter of the deck— an d in an instant he was in the river b e fore they sho ul d h ave him They ,
.

pl u n ged into the river The whole scene o f then resorted to pe rsuasion an d prom ise d the y
.
,

tyin g him an d throwin g him overb o ard sc arcely wo uld n ot h u rt him I ll die first was his only .
’

occ u pied ten m in u tes an d was SO precipit ate th at re ply E ven the f uriou s m ob was awed an d for
, . ,

the o fficers were u n able to inter fere in time to a while stood d u mb .

s ave him . A f ter st an din g i n the cold w ater for an hou r ,

“
There were bet ween two h u ndred an d fi f ty the m iserabl e bein g be gan to fail W e Observed
an d three h und re d p assen gers o n bo rd
a
”
him gr ad ually sinkin g— his voice grew we ak an d .

T he whole process of seizin g T o m dr a in

gg g trem u lo u s— yet he contin u ed t o c urse ! In the ,

him u pon de c k bindin g his arms behind his b ack m idst O f his o aths he u ttered broken sentences — m y m ae
al the m e a t— I did nt ste al
, ,
I did nt ste ’ ’

f ore in g him to the bow of the bo at an d throwin g

ter lives—m aster— m aster lives u p the river— (his
-
,

him ov erbo ard occ u pie d the editor in forms u s voice be an to u r le in his th ro at an d he was so
, , ,
g g g ,

abou t TE N M I N UTE S an d of the two h u ndred an d chilled that his teeth ch at te red audibly) — I did nt
,
’

fi fty orthree h u ndred deck p asse n gers with perh aps — ste al — I did n t ste al—m y — m y m aster— m y ’ ..

—
,

a s m any c abin p assen ers it does n ot appe ar th at I w a n t to se e my m a ster — I didn t — n O n i

y m as ’

g —
.

—
,
w nt u w a nt to kill me I didn t ste al
’

a sin
gl e in divid ua l raised a fi n ger to p r even t t hi s y ou a y o -
1 60 Objec tion s C on sidered— P ub l ic O p in ion .

keen scen te d excellen t m em b un te rs an d him sel f Is aac T u rner ; the other two are q uit e
- ’
, ,

tho ugh the poor f ugitive in his f renz ied r ush f or .

bl ack the on e p assin g by the n am e of J am es
,

li b e rty stra ine d every m uscle ye t they gain ed Jones an d the other John M urray T hey h ave .

,
al l their clothin g with them an d are dressed in
,
,
U pon him an d af ter d ashin g thro ugh f ens brier
, ,
.

se a farin g app arel

- They attempte d to m ake .

b eds an d the t an gled un dergrowth till fa int an d

, their esc ape an d it was n ot til l a m usk e t wasfi re d
,

torn he sinks an d the blood ho u nds are upon a t them an d on e of them sl i htl
g y woun d e d th at
-
, , , ,

him Wh at b l ood ve sse l s the poor str uggler b urst

. . they s u rrendered T hey will be kep t in j ail till ;

i n his desper ate p u sh for li fe— how m u ch he was som ethin g f urther i s discovered respectin g them ” .

br u ise d an d l acerated in his pl un ge throu gh the The S t Fran cisville ( La ) Chronicle

. of .
,
’ -

forest or how m u ch the do gs tore him the M ar

, ion ,
Feb 1 ; 1 839 Gives the f ollo win g acco un t of a
. .

e ditor has not chronicle d— they are m atters of n o ne gro h un t in th at P arish ,

’
.

m oment— b u t his he art is to u che d with the me rits T wo or thre e d ays since a gentlem an o f this
o f M r Ad am s E X C E LL E N T noe s th at soon ru n
.
’ ’ p arish in hun tin g run away n egroes c am e u pon
, ,
,
a c am p of them in the sw amp o n C at I sl and
d own an d se c ure d a gu iltless an d trembl in g hu
'

’ .

He s ucceede d in arrestin g two of them b ut the ,

m an cre at ure ! third m ade fi ght ; an d upon b ein g sho t in the
The Geor gi a Constitu tio n al ist of Jan 1 837 , .
,
shou l der fle d to a sl u i ce
, where the dogs sac .

c eed ed in drown in
contains the f ollowin g letter f rom the coroner of g him b e f ore assist ance co u ld
”
arrive
B arnwell District S ou th C arolin a d ated Aiken , , ,
.

S C Dec 20 1 83 6
. . . .
The do gs su cc eeded in drownin g him ” Poor
,

T o the E ditor of the C on stitu tion al ist

fellow He tried h ard for his l i fe pl un ged in to ,

the sl uice an d with a b u lle t in his shou lder an d

'

I h ave j u st ret urned from an inq u est I b e l d

'

, , ,

over the body o f a ne gro m an , a r un aw ay, th at the blo od ho u nds u n fl e shin g his b ones he bore up ,

wa s shot ne ar the S o uth E disto , i n t his District , “

for a m om ent with f ee ble stroke as b est he m i ght ,

( Bam we l l ) o n S at urd ay l ast He c ame to his b ut p ub lic opinion su cceed e d in dro vvn in g
’
’

, .

de ath by his own recklessness He re fuse d to b e

.
,
.
him , an d the sam e p ublic Opinion c alls the
’ ’

t aken alive —an d s aid th at other attempts to t ake

,

m an who fired an d c ripple d him a n d cheere d on

him had been m ade an d he was determ ine d th at ,

the do gs a gentlem an an d the editor who cele

,

he wo u ld not be t aken He was at first ( when

’
. , ,
,

those in p urs u it of him fo u n d it absol u tely n e c es br ates the a mb i t is a gentlem an’ also I ”

s ary ) shot at with sm all shot with the intention

, , A l ar ge n u mber o f extracts simil ar to the
o f merely cripplin g him H e was shot at several .
above m i ght here be inserte d f rom So u thern
times an d at l ast he was so dis abled as to be
,

,
newsp apers in our p osse ssion b u t the f ore going ,
c ompelle d to surrender He kept in the run o f a
aremore th an
.

creek in a very dense sw am p al l the tim e th at

.
sufficient f or our p urpose an d we ,

the nei ghbors were in p urs uit of him A s soon .

b rin g to a close the testimony o n this poi nt with ,

as the ne gro w as t aken the b est m e dic al a id was the f oll owin g E xtr act of a letter from the Rev
“

.
, .
,

proc u red b ut he died on the s am e evenin g O n e

, .
S am uel J M ay of So uth S cit uate M ass d ated
.
, , .

o f the witnesses at the Inqu i sition st ated th at the ,

Dec 20
ne gro boy s aid he was from M ississippi an d be
,
,
Y ou do ubtless recollect the n arrative given
lon ged to so m any persons th at he di d not know ,
in the O asis of a sl ave in Georgi a who h aving
who his m aster was b ut again he s ai d his m as , ,

ran away f rom his m aster ( acco un ted a very

,

ter s n am e was Brown He sai d his n am e was

’ ,
.
ho spit able an d eve n h u m ane gentlem an ) was
S am an d when asked by another witness who
.
.

, ,
h unte d by his m aster an d his ret ain ers with
his m aster was he m u ttered somethin g l ike A u ,
horses do gs an d rifl e s an d h avin g b een driven ’

gust a or A u gu stine The boy was ap p ap n tl y , , ,

.

into a tree by the ho un ds was shot down by his

a b ove thirt
y fiv e or f orty ye ars of age abo u t six
- ,
,
more cr uel p u rs u ers A ll the facts there given ,
f eet hi gh sli ghtly ye l low i n the face very lon g
.

an d som e others equ ally shockin g connected

, ,
,
be ard or whi skers an d very stou t b uilt an d a , ,
with the s ame c ase were first comm u nic ated to
ste rn cou nten ance ; an d appe are d to h ave been a me in 1 833 by M r W R ussell 8 hi ghly r esp e c t
‘
,

.
,
r un aw ay f or a lon g tim e ‘ . .
,
.

able te acher of yo u th in Boston He is do ubt

W I LL I A M H P n rrc n an n
.
'
.
,
less re ady to vou ch f or them The s am e gentle
C oron er ( E n ofii c ioJ B arn we l l Dist S C
.

m an in formed me th at he was keepin g sch oo l on

. . .

o r ne ar the pl ant ation of the m onster w ho per

Th e N or folk (Va ) Her ald of F eb 1 837 has . .

e trate d the above o utr age u pon h u m an ity th at

, ,

the f oll Owin g p ,

he was even invited by him to j oin in the h unt ,

Three ne groes i n a ship s y awl c am e on ’

, an d when he expressed abhorrence at the tho u ght ,

shore yesterd ay evenin g ne ar N e w Point Com , the pl anter holdin g up the rifle which he had i n
f ort an d were soon after apprehen ded an d l od ged
. his h and s aid with an o ath d am n th at r asc al , ,

in j ail T heir story is th at they belon ge d to a

.
, this is the third tim e he has r un aw ay ” an d he
bri g from N e w York bo u nd to H av an a which , sh all never run again I d ra ther p ut a b all into ’

was c ast aw ay to the so uthw ard of C ap e Hen

.

his side th an into the best b uck in the l and .

’

som e day l ast week th at the bri g was c al l e d t 6

,
f
,
Mr R s
u se ll in the acco u nt g iven by him o
M ari a C aptain W hittem ore
,
I h ave no do ubt
.

th is tr agedy in the O asis p age 2 67 th u s de

.
, ’

they are deserters from some vessel 1 n the b ay as ,

, ,

their st atements are ve ry con fused an d in c on sist sc ribes the sl aveholder who m ade the above e x
en t O n e of the se f ellows 1 s a m ul at to , an d c alls
. pression an d was the le ader of the h unt an d:
, ,
’
 Objection s C on sidered— Pub l ic Op in ion .
161

in whose he resided at the tim e as an in aw ay was c aught an d p u nished with on e hun

fam ily , , .

struc to r he s ays o f him — H e was an op ul ent dred lashes ! This h appene d abo ut C hristm as ;
an d d u rin the cold we ather at th at tim e he
pla nter in whose family the evils of sl avehol din g g .

was confined in the C an e hous e with a scan ty

,
-

were p alli ated by every expedient th at a h um ane or ion o c l othin ,

p t f g an d withou t fi re I n th is , .

an d
genero u s disp osition co u l d s ugge st He sit uation his f oot had f rozen a n d mortified an d .

, ,

was a m an of noble an d elev ated ch ar acter an d h avin g been remove d from pl ace to pl ace he , ,

disti n guished for his generosity an d k indnes s o f was yesterd ay bro u ght here by order of his new ,

he art ”
.
master who was an Am eric an I had no tim e , .
_

I n a letter to M r M ay d ated F e b 3 1 83 9
to p r ot ra ct my convers ation with him then b u t ,

resolved to return in a fe whours an d pr ay with

.
, .
, ,

M r R ussell spe akin g of the h untin g O f run

.
, him " i " E
.

aw ays wi th do s an d
g guns s ays O cc urrences H avin g re tu rned home I again visited the
,
,
of a n at ure simil ar to the on e rel ate d in the hospital at h al f p ast eleven O clock an d concl ude d ’
,

O asis were not un freq u ent in the inte rior O f first o f al l [ he was to pre ach at
,
’ to pr ay wi th
Geor gi a an d S o u th C arolin a twe nty ye ars ago the poor l acerate d ne ro
g I entere d the ap art
.
.
~

ment i n which he l ay an d observed an o l d m an

S eve ra l s u ch f ell under my n otice within the ,

sittin g upon a co u ch b u t witho u t s ayin g an y

sp ace o f fi fteen m onths I n two su c h h u nts thin went u to the b e d sid e of the ne ro who
,
’
. .

g p g
, -
,

I was solici ted to j oin ”

appe ared to be asleep
.
I S poke to him b ut he . ,

The followin g was written by a sister in l aw of gave n o answer I spoke again an d m oved h1 s
,
- -
.
,

G e rrit S mith E sq, Peterboro She is m arrie d to he ad sti ll he s aid nothin g M y apprehensions
,
. . , .

the son of a N orth C arolini an were im m edi ately e xcite d an d I f el t f or his p ulse , ,

b ut it was gone
.

S aid I to the old m an s u rely .

“
-

,
“
In N orth C arolin a some ye ars ago sever al this ne ro is de ad , N o he answered he has ’ ’
g
, .
, ,
slaves were arrested f or com mittin g serio u s fallen asleep for h e had a very restless se
'

a.
,
crimes an d depred ations in the nei ghborhood of son l ast ni ht ,
I a a in ex amined an d c alle d
'
’
g g .

W ilmin gton am on g other thin gs b urnin g ho uses the ol d entlem an to the bed an d al as It was '
.

g
, , ,
, ,
an d n o n e or m ore i nst ances m u rder
, I
f o u n d tr ue th at he was de a d , N ot an eye had .

, .

uggle an d I was the first

I t h appened th at the W i f e o f one O f these sl aves witnesse d his l ast str
,
,
resided i n one of the most respect able families in as i t sho u ld h appen to discover the fact I c all ,
.

W in the c ap acity of n urse M r J the fi rst e d sever al m en in to the ro om an d witho u t cere

. . . .

l awy e r in the p l ac e Came into the room where mony they wrappe d him in a sheet an d c arried
,

, , ,
the l ady of the ho u se was S ittin g with the n u rse him to the dc acLhouee as i t is c alled ”— E dwards , , .
’

who held a child i n her arms an d addressi n g L i e o R ev E l ias C orn el ius pp 1 0 1 2 3

f f , , . , .
, ,
.

the n urse sai d H ann ah 2 wo ul d y ou know you r

,

hu sb and if y o u sho uld se e him — O h y e s sir

,
THE PR O TE C T I ON E X TE N D ED BY P UB L I c O PI N I ON ’
f
,

she re l ie d
,

T o T HE HEA L TH * O F THE
S L AVE S
, , ,

when 1 I E DRE W FR O M B E N EATH H i s

.

p
-
e

C LO A K THE HEA D O F T E E S L AVE at the si ht o f

T his m ay b e j udge d of f rom the fact th at it is per
g ,

which the poor wom an i m m edi atel y f ai n ted The f e c tl y no toriou s amon g sl aveh olders bot h Nor th . ,

he ads of the others were pl ace d u pon poles in an d S outh t hat of the tens of thou s an ds of sl aves , ,

some p art of the town af terw ards known as sol annu ally in the northern sl ave st ates to be
N e gro He ad Point ’ d ,

.
transp orted to the south lar ge n umbers of them ,
We h ave j u st received the above testim ony en die u nder the severe proces s of acclim ation al l ,
,
cl osed in a lette r f rom M r Smith i n which he s uff e rm ore or less an d m u ltitu des m uch in their ,

s ays th at the f ac t st ate d by m y sister in l aw he alth an d stren th d u rin their first ye ars in
, ,
-
,
.
,
.

g g
-

,
”
ac t u ally oc c urred there c an be no do ubt
the f ar so u th an d so uth west T h at s uch is the
.
,
.

The followin g e xtr act f rom the Di ary Of the c ase is Suflic ie n tl proved by the c are t aken by l
al
.

y
Rev E L I A S C O R N E LI US we insert he re, h avin g who advertise for s ale or hire in Lo uisi an a
.
,
,
ne gle cte d to do it un der a prece din g he ad to M ississippi Al ab am a Ark ans as & c & c ,
to , , , . .

which it more approp ri ately belongs in form the re ader th at their slaves are Creoles ’
.

N e w O rle ans S abb a th Fe b r uary 1 5 1 8

' , ,
,
, so u thern born co u ntry born
,
& c or if they are ’ ’

E arly thi s mornin g accom pa nied A H E sq

, , .

. . .

the hosp ital with the vie w o f m k n g rr n ge

a i a a f rom the north th at the y are acclim ate d an d the , ,
’

m ents to pre ach to s u c h o f the swk as co u ld un impor tance att ached to their ac c l im ation is shown ,

derstan d E n glish T he first r oom we entered i n the fact th at it is ener ally distin uished f rom
.
g g ,

presented a scene of h u m an m 1 sery s u ch as I the rest of the advertisem ents either by ital ics Or ,

had never be fore witnessed A poor ne gro m an

C AP I TA L S Alm ost
.

every newsp aper p u blished in

was lyin g Up on a co uch app arently i n gre at dis
.

tress ; a more miserable Obj ect c a n h rdly be

a the st ates f ar so u th cont ains adv e rtism en ts like the

conceive d His f
. ace w as m u ch d isfi ure d an
g
f ollowin
g ,
.

I R ON C OLL AR T w o I N C HE,
S W I DE A N D HA L F A N From the Vicksb u r g ( M i ) Re g ister ”
Dec .
, .

I N C H TH I C K W A S C L ASP E D AB O UT I n s N E C K while 2 7 1 83
'

, 8 ,
, .

one of his f eet an d p art of the l e g were in a st ate I O F F E R m y pl ant ation for s ale Also seve n
‘
‘

o f p u tre f act ion We inquired the c au se O f his t five ac c l im ted e roes .

N O B CO BB ”
.

y a g -

bei n g in this distressin g condition an d he an

.
. .
.

,
”
sw c re d u s in f lterin v o ice th at he w a s will From the S o u ther ner J une 7 1 83 7 ,
a g
,
a
.
s

w
,

j to tell l l the tr th I L sell m

y O l d River pl ant ation n e ar 0 0
f g
-
n u s a u .

"3
H e b elon ge d to Mr a Frenchm an ran . S ee p p 37 3 9 , .
-
.

11
 O bj el tion s C o nsidered —P ub l ic Op i n ion .

l umb i a in Ark ansas — also O N E HU N DR ED From the M obile Re gister ” J uly 2 1 1 837 , . .

A N D THIRTY ACC L I MAT E D S L AV E S .

WI LL B E S O L D CH E AP F O R CASH in ,
”
B E NJ H UG H E S . .
f ront of the Co u rt Ho u se of M obile Co u nty on ,
P ort G ibson ,
J an . 1 4 , 1 83 7 .
the 22d d ay o f J uly ne xt o n e m u l atto m an ,

n am ed H E N RY HA LL wn o S AY S H E I s FRE E ; ,

From the Pl anters ( La ) Intelli gencer ’

.
, his Owner or owners i f an y h avin g f ailed to de , ,

M arch 22 . m an d him he is to b e sold accordin g to the

,

Prob ate s ale — Will b e o ff e red for s ale at st at ute in s u ch c ases m a de an d provide d to p a y ,

W M M AGEE S h fl M C ” '
’

P ublic Au ction to the hi ghest b idder O N E , ,

.
, . .

HU N DRED A N D THIRTY acc l im ate d sl aves ” . From the Gr an d G ul f ( M iss ) Advertiser ” ,

G W KEET ON . .
‘
.
Dec 7 , 1 838
. .

J u d ge of the P arish O f C oncordi a ” .

C O M M ITT E D to the j ail of Chick asaw Co .

From the M ay 2 2 , E dm und M arth a Joh n an d L o uis a ; the m an 5 0

, . ,

1 837 .
the wom an 35 John 3 ye ars ol d an d Lousia 1 4
, ,

months They say they are FREE an d were de

B Y virtue o f a Deed o f Tru st , exec uted to m e ,
.

l
coye d to th is st ate ? !

I wi l sell a p ublic au ction at Fisher s Pr airie ,

t ’

Ark ans as, S ixty L I KE L Y N E G R O E S , consist The So u thern Argus of J uly 2 5 1 837 c on ,
”
, ,
.

in g o f M e n Women , B oys an d Girls , the most 0

, t ains the followin g .

whom are W E LL A C C L I M ATE D .

RA N A W A Y f rom m y pl ant ation a ne gro ,
G RA N D I SON D RO YSI O N .
’ ‘
,
b oy n amed Willi am S ai d boy was t aken up by .

T ru ste e .

Thom as W alton an d s ays he was f ree an d th at, ,

From the N e w O rle ans

Bee Feb 9 1 838 ,
”
. , . his p arents live ne ar Sh awneetown I llinois an d , ,

VA L UAB L E A C C LI M AT E I) N EGR O E S ”
.
th at he was tak en from th at pl ace i n J uly 1 83 6
W I LI be sold o n S at u rd ay 1 0 th inst at 1 2
r
s ays his father s n ame is Willi am an d his m other s
’
,
’

S a lly Bro wn an d th at they move d from Frede

, .

’
o clock at the city exch an ge S t L o u is s treet
, , . .
,

ric k s b urg Vir gini a I will give twenty doll ars to

, .

Then follows a description of the sl aves closin g an

y person who will deliver s aid boy to m e or
_ ,

with the s ame assertion which forms the c ap , Col Byrn Col umb u s
. S A M U E L H BYRN ”
, . . .

tion o f the advertisement A LL A C C L I M ATE D ” .

The first o f the followin g advertisements was a
General Feli Ho u ston of Natche z advertises
x , , st andin g one i n the Vicksb urg Re gister ” from
, ,

in the N atchez C o urier ” April 6 1 838 Thir , , , Dec 1 835 til l A u g 1 83 6 The second advertise s
. . .

ty fi ve ve ry fine acc l im a ted N e roes ”

‘

g .
the s am e FRE E m an for sale .

Witho u t inserti n g more advertisem ents suf , SH E R I FF S SA L E ’

.

fi c e it to say th at wh e n sl av e s are a dvertised fo r

, C O M M I T T E D to the j ail o f W arren co u n ,

s ale o r hire in the lower sou thern c ou ntry if they

,
,
ty as a R u n aw ay on the 2 3 d inst a N e gro m an
, , .
,

a re n a tiv es o r have l ived in th at re io n lon

g
who c alls him sel f John J Robin son ; say s that he .
,
g
is f ree s ays th at he kept a b aker s shop in C o
’
eno ugh to becom e a ccli m ated it is in variab l y ,
"
,

st ated .
l u mb u s M iss an d th at he ped dl e d throu gh the
,
.
‘

Chick asaw n ation to Pontotoc an d c ame to

B ut we are n ot le f t to c on j ec tu re the amount
,

Memphis where he sold his horse took w ater

, , ,

o f s u ff erin g e xperien ced by sl aves f rom the nort h .

an d c ame to this pl ace The own er o f s ai d boy .

i n u ndergoin g the severe process of se asonin g ’

is req ueste d to com e forw ard prove property p ay , ,
C har es an d t ake him aw ay or he will be de alt
to the clim ate o r a cc l imati on A writer in the
,
.
’
g , ,

N e wO rle ans Ar gus S eptember 1 830 in an arti , ,

with as the l aw dire cts .

W M EVERETT J ail er
,

cle on the c ultu re of the s u gar c ane , s ays The

. .
,

De c 2 4 .
,
loss by dea th in brin ging S l aves f ro m a northern
N O T IC E is hereby iven th at the above
clim ate which our pla nters are u n der the n e c es g ,
,
des c r ibed b oy who c alls him sel f John J Robin
, .

city of doin g is not less th an T W E N TY F IVE PE R 8 0 11 havin

g be e n confined i n the J ail of Warren
-
, ,

C ENT ! co unty as a Run away for s ix month s— an d l i av ,

.

N othwithstan din g the immense amo unt o f m g been re gul arly advertised d u rin this period
g .

I sh all proceed to sell said N e ro boy at p ublic

s uff erin
g end u red in the process of acclim ation , g
a u ction to the hi hest bidder f or c ash at the
t
, g
an d the fe ar f ul w as te o f li fe an d the n otori ,
,
door o f the Co urt Ho use in Vicksb ur g on M on
ety of this fac t still the p ub lic Opinion of ’ ,
‘

, day l st d ay of A ugu st 1 836 in p urs u ance O f

, , ,

Vir gini a M aryl and Del aw are Kentu cky M is

, , , , the stat ute in s uch c ases m ade an d provided .

E W M O RRIs Sheri ff
'

so u ri & c ann u ally DR IVE S to the f ar so u th tho u

,
.
,
. .
, .

s ands O i their sl aves to u nder go these s uff erin gs Vic k sb urg, J u l y 2 , 1 83 6 .

0
,

an d the p ubli c Opinion o f the far so u th b uys ”

,
’
S ee “
N ewb urn ( N
C ) Spect tor o f J an 5 . . a
, .
,

them an d f orces the helpless vic tims to en d ure

, 1 838 f or the f ollowin g adve rti sement .

them . RA N A W AY f rom the sh b sc rib e r a ne ro

g ,

m an known as Fr ank Pilot He is five feet . .

T HE
‘
PR O TE C T I ON
V O U C H S AFED B r ‘ PUB LI C O PI N ,
’
,

ei ght inches hi gh d ark complexion an d abo ut '

, ,
T o L I BERTY
’
IO N
5 0 ye ars old H A S B EE N FREE S IN C E 1 829 4 9 n ow
.
, -

This is shown by h u ndreds of advertisem en ts m y property as h eir at l aw o f his l ast owner

, ,

in so u thern p apers like the f ollowin g , S am u el Ratston dec I will give the above re, .
 Objection s C on sidered — P ub l ic Op in ion .

com mon necessaries o f li fe ”— G door the several n egroes taken up as f ree an d In. a l es
’
C on gres , ,

s iou al Deb a tes v 2 p 1 48 0 ,

his c u stody agreeable to law
.
, . . , .

Te st W M SK I NN ER C lerk . . .

Th e followin g facts serve to show that the p re A tr u e copy 2 5 th A u g u st 1 7 9 1 ,

.
,

, , .

sent gene ration o f sl ave hol de rs do b u t f ollow in Test J H ARV E Y Clerk ” . . .

l ,

the f ootsteps o f their f athers in their z e a l f or

Pasqu otank Co unty September Co u rt & c & c ,
, ,
.

L IB E RT Y
.

.
1 7 77 .

E xtract from a d oc u ment s ubm itted by the Present the Worship ful Thomas Boyd Tim , ,

Com mitt ee o f the yearly meetin g o f Friends in othy Hickson John P ac l in Edm u n d Chancey
"

, , ,

Philadelph ia to the Committee of Congress to Joseph Reading and Thomas Rees E sqrs Ju s
, , '
, , .

whom was re ferre d th e memorial o f the people tice s .

called Q uakers in 1 79 7 It w as then and there ordere d

.
that Thoma s ,
,
Reading E sq take the FREE n egroes taken up , .

In the latter part of the year 1 7 7 6 seve ral of u nder an act to re v e n t d omesti c ins urrections , '

p
the people called Qu akers resi d ing in the co n an d other p urp oses and expose the sam e to the
u ,
,
tie s of P e rqu im an s an d Pasquotank , i n the state best b id d er at p ublic vend ue for ready m oney
, ,
of N orth Carolina liberated thei r negroes as it and be acco untable for the sam e a greeable t th e ,
, ,

was then clear there was n o existin g l aw to pre a fore sai d act an d make ret urn to this or the e r ,

next .

vent their so doing ; fo r the law of 1 74 1 co uld not s uccee d ing c o u rt o f his procee dings '

at that time be carrie d into e ff ect ; an d they were A copy E N O C II R E ESE C C u

. . .
,
s uff ered to rem ain f ree u ntil a law passe d in the ,
"
,

s pring o f 1 777 u nder which they were taken u p

,
THE PR O TE CT I ON O F P U B L IC O P I N I ON T o
“

an d sold contrary to the Bill o f Rights

, recog DO M E ST IC S T I ES ,
. .

n izc d i n the constit u tion of that state as a p art The barbarou s in di fference with which slave ,

thereo f and to whic h i t w as annexed

, hol ders re gard the for cible sunderi n g o f h u sbands .

I n the sprin g of 1 777 when the General As

and wives parents an d children brothers an d
,

se m b l m e t or the first time a law w as enacted

,
f ,
y sisters an d the ,
u n f ee l i n g br utality indicate d b
to prevent slaves from bein g eman cipated except y ,
,

for meritorio u s services & c to be j u dge d o f by the lan gu age in which they describe the e ff orts
, . .

the co unty co urts or the general assem bly ; an d m ade by the slaves i n their yearnings a fte r those ,

ordering that if any sho u ld be I n an um itte d in from whom they have bee n to rn away reve al s a
,
,
any other way they be taken up an d the c o un ty p ublic opi ni on to wards them as dead to thei »
, , ‘ ’

cou rts within whos ej urisdi ctions they are ap p re

agony as if they were cattle It is well nigh im
hended sho uld order them to be sol d Under this .
.

law the co u nty cou rts of P e rqu im an s an d Pasqu o possible to open a so u thern paper witho u t fi n din , _

tank in the year 1 777 ordere d A L ARGE N U M B E R evidence of this Tho u gh the tr uth of this asset
, ,
'
.

O F PERS O N S T O BE S OL D WH O W ERE FRE E AT THE tion can hardly be calle d in qu estion we s ubj oin a
, ,

T I ME THE L AW WAS MADE I n the year 1 7 78 seve fe w ill u strations an d co uld easily give h undre ds
.

, .

ral o f those ca es were by c ertiorari bro u ght be

s
From the Savannah Georgian Jan 1 7 1 8 39
, ” ,
.
, ,
fore the s u perior co u rt f or the d istri ct of E den
.

$ 1 0 0 rewar d will be given for my two f ell ows

torn where the decisions of the cou nty co u rts .

has a wif e at Colonel

,

were reversed the S uperior co urt declaring that Abram an d Frank Abram .
,

, ,

said co u nty cou rts in s u ch thei r proceedin gs Stewart s in L iberty co u nty and a sister i n S a
’
, ,

G rov e n stin e s Frank has a wife

, ,

have exceeded thei r j urisdi ction violate d the vann ah ,

at Capt .
’
.

M
,
at r L e C e n t s, L iberty co u nty ; a m othe r at
’

rights of the s ubj ect an d acte d in direct opposi ,

.

Th u nde rbolt and a sister in Savannah

tion to the Bill of Rights of this state considere d , .

W
,
M Ron AR T s
j ustly as p art of the constitution thereo f ; by giv . .

ing to a law n ot intended to a ff ec t this c ase , a W al l hourv il l e 5 th Jan 1 83 9 , .

retrospective operation thereby to dep rive f ree From the L exington ( Ky ) I ntelligen cer)
,
“
.

men o f this state of thei r liber ty contrary to the J uly 7 1 838 , .

,
laws of the lan d In c onsequ ence o f this decree
$ 6 0 Rewar d — Ran away f rom the sub sc rib
.

1 I

several of the negroes were agai n set at liberty ;

ers living in this city on Sat urday l 6th inst a -
b ut the n ext Genera l Assembly early in 1 7 79 , , .

passe d a l aw whe rein they m ention that do ubts negro m an name d Dick abo u t 37 ye ars of a e
,

g
_ ,
, ,
.

It i s highly probable sai d boy will m ake for N ew

, ,

have arisen whether the p u rchasers o f s u ch slaves

,

have a good and legal title thereto and CO N FI RM O rlean s as he has a wif e l iving in that city and , ,

he has been heard to say f req u ently that he w

,
as
the sam e ; u nd er which they were agai n taken
” d eterm in e d to go to N e w Orl e an s
u p by the p u rchasers an d red u ce d to S lavery
.

D RA K E 85 T H O MPS O N
.

[ The n u mber of persons th us rs enslaved was

.

c in to n J un e 1 7
'

g , ,

From the So u the rn A rg us O ct 3 1 1 83 ”

The are the dec rees of the Court s
f ol l owm g ,
.
,

Runaway— m y negro man Frederick abo u t

,

orde rin g the sal e of those freemen

, ,

20 years o f age H e is n o doubt near the planta . .

P e rqu im an s C ou nty J uly term , at Ha rtf ord , , tion of G W Corprew E sq O f N oxub b e e co un ty

. .
, ,
A D 1 77 7. . .
M ississippi as his wife b el on gs to tha t ge n tl em an
, ,

These m ay certi fy that i t was then and there , an d he f ol l owe d herf r om m y reside n c e T he above .

ordered that the she rifi of the county t o m orrow rewar d will be paid to any on e who wil l confine
' '

,
,
mornin g at ten o clock expose to sale to the
,
’
, ,
him in j ail and in f orm m e of it at Athens Ala ,
.

highest bi dder for ready m on ey at the co urt ho use

, ,
Athens, Alab am a KER K MA N LEW I S ” . .
 O l yectzon s C on sidei ed— P ub l ic O p in i on 1 65
'
'
.

Absconde d from M r E D Bailey on Wad

‘

From the Savannah Georgian ” Ju ly ,

. . .
,
.

Ran away f rom the s ubscriber his m an Jo e malaw his n egro man named Saby Said f ellow . , , .

u ary f rom Francis Dic k in

,

He visits the city oc cas ionally where he has bee n was p urchased in Jan , ,
,

harbored by his m other an d sister I will give son of St Pa ul s parish an d is probably now in
’
, . ,

w e he has a w
.

one h u ndred dollars f or proo f s uffi cient to c on v c t

i that neighborhood h e r ife ,
.

his har borer s R P T M O NG I N

”
.
T H O MAS N G ADSDE N . . . .
. .

”
” From the Portsmo u th ( Va ) Tim es A u g u st
The M acon Georgia M essenger N ov 23 ( ) , .
,
.
,

3 1 83 8
1 83 7, hasthe f ollowin g .

— $ 5 0 dollars Reward will be given f or the ap

$ 2 5 Reward Ran away a negro man
has a , ,
prehension o f m y negro man Isaac He
.

name d C ain He was bro u ght from Florida and .

w e at Jam es M Ri d dick s o f Gates co u nty N

,
.

if
’

has a wif e n e a r M ar ian a and probably will at

, .
.
,
. .
,

tempt to make his way there C where he may probably b e l urking . .

M I
.

H L COOK ” C LL ER . . .
. .

“ ”
” From the S avannah ( Geo rgia ) Rep u blican ,
From the “ Richmond ( Va ) Whig Ju ly 2 5
M ay 2 4
.
, ,
1 838
,

.
,
1 83 7
Absconde d from the s ubscriber a ne gro m an $ 4 0 Rewar d — Ran away from the s ubscriber
, ,
in Savannah his negro gir l Pats ey S he was
by the n am e o f Wilson He was born in the , .

.
p u rchased am ong the gang of negroes kn own as
co u nty of N e w K ent and raised by a gentleman ,
the Hargreave s estate She is n o dou bt l urking ’
.
,

named Ratl iff e and by him sold to a gentleman , ,

abou t L iberty cou nty at which place she has rel a
name d Taylor on whose f arm he had a wif e an d
;
,

i ives ED W ARD HO U ST O U N of Flori da ”

.

, i

l\I r Taylor sold him to a M r

.

s e v era l c hil dre n

.
’ ,
. . .

”
S later who in conseq u e n ce o f rem oving to Ala
, , From the Charleston ( S C ) Co urier . .
,
J une
bama Wilson le f t ; an d when re t aken was sold
, ,
, 2 9, 1 837 .

an d a f terwards p u rchase d by his present owner

f rom T lVl c Cargo and C o o f Richmond ”
, ,
382 0 Reward will be paid for the apprehension
. . .
and delivery at the work ho use in Charleston o f,
-
,

From the “
Savannah ( G a .
) Rep ublican ,
” Sept .
a m u latto woman nam e d Ida It is probable she , .

3 1 8 38
' m ay have m ade her way into Georgi a where she ,

has
382 0 Rewar d for m y negro m an Jim —Jim is
c on n e c tion s .

”
M ATTHEW M U GGR I DGE .

abo u t 5 0 or 5 5 years o f age I t is probable he .

11 aim fo r Savannah as he said he ha d c hil d r en From the “

. N or f olk '

(V a .
) Beacon ”
M arc h ,

J G O WE N S
,

in that vicinity 3 1 1 83 8
’

. . . . .

Barnwell District S C The s ubscriber will give $ 20 for the ap p re

,
. .

From the “ Sta unton (Va ) p e c tator,” Jan he n sion of his negro woman M aria who ran , ,
w
. .

3 1 83 9 .
a ay abo u t twelve months since S he is known .

to be l u rking in or abo ut C hu c k atu c h in the

Ran away Jesse — H e has a wife who he
,

co u nty O f N an se m on d where she has a husb an d

, .
,
.

longs to M r John Ruff O f Le xm gton Rockbridge an d orm erl b e l on e d ‘ , ,

f
.
, ,
y g
O
.

cou nty an d he may probably be l urkin g i n that

, P ETE R N E I LL ”
M Mc U
C ” .

neighborhood O S ES E . .
.

From the M acon ( Georgia ) M essenger ”

Jan ,
From the A u g u sta ( Georgia ) C hronicle ” J uly
.

1 6 1 83 9 ,
.

1 0 1 83 7
Ran away from the s ubscriber two n egroes ,
.

$ 1 2 0 Reward for m y ne gro Charlotte She Davis a m an abou t 4 5 years ol d ; also Peggy .

, ,
is abo u t 2 0 years o l d She was p u rchased some his wi fe n ear the sam e age Said negroes will
.

, .

m onths past from M r Thomas J Walton of A u probably m ake their way to C ol u m bia co u nty as
g u sta by Thom as W O li ver ; and as her m other the have c hil dren livin g i n that co u nty I wi l l
. .
,
,
.
,
y
,
.

and acq uaintances live i n that city i t is very l iberally reward any e rson who may deliver them ,
'

p
,

likely she is har bored b y some of them to m e N E H E M I A H K IN G

”
M ARTHA O L I VE R ”
.
. .

From the Petersb urg ( Va ) C onstellation "

.
“
.
,

From the Raleigh (N C ) Register ” J uly 1 8 J une 2 7 1 837

.
“
. .
, , ,
.

1 8 37 Ran away a negro man nam e d Peter He , , .

Ran away from the s ubscriber a negro m an has a wif e at the plantation of M r C Haws near , . .
,

named Jim the property O f M rs Elizabeth W hit S uffolk where it is S uppose d he is still l urking
, .
, .
"

fiel d He has a wif e at the late Hardy Jones

.
.
JO H N L D U NN ” .
’
,
1 . .

an d m ay pro bably be l u rkin g in that neighbor

F om h Richmon d V W hig ”
Dec 7
JO HN O RO R K E " r t e
( a )
“

hood .
’
.
.
, . .

1 7 39 .

From the Richm on d (Va ) Compiler ,” S ept

the s ubscriber a n egro man . .
Ran aWay f rom , ,
8 1 83 7 .
named John L ewis It is s upposed that he is .

Ran away f rom the subscriber Ben He ran l ur k ing abou t in N e wKent cou nty where he p ro ,
.
,

o ff witho u t any known ca use and I s up p ose he is f esses to hav e a w f

i e H I LL J O N ES , .
,

a im in g to go to his w if e who was c arr ie d f r om A gent for R F P Ra ilroad C o ”

,
“
. . .
.

the n eighbor hood l ast w in ter JO H N H U N T ” From the Re d Rive r ( L a ) Whig ” J une 2 d . .
.
, ,

From the “ Cha rleston ( S C ) Merc ury ” A ug 1 838 . .

, . .

1 1 83 7
, . Ran a way from the subs cribe r a m ulat to W 0 ,
 Objection s C on sideredé P ub l ic Op in ion -
.

m an ,name d M aria It is probable she m ay be b an d stil l l ives She will en deavor to go ther e
D O B YRN E ”
. .

fo u ndIn the neighborhood o f M r Jesse Byn u m s perhaps ’ ’

. . . .

planta tion where she has re l a tion s &c d V ”

From the “
Richmon ) En irer Feb
.

(
, ,
a u
T H O MAS J W E LL S ” q . .
.
,
.

20 1 83 8
From the L exington ( Ky ) O bserver an d Re
.

$51 0 Reward fo r a negro wom an name d S al

.

porter ” S ept 2 8 1 838

,
.
, . l y 4 0 years ol d
,
We h ave j u st reason to believe .

$ 5 0 Rewar d — Ran away f rom the s ubscriber ,

the sai d ne gro to be now l urki n g on the Jam es
a negro girl nam ed M aria She is o f a copper
, . River Canal or in the Green S p ri n g neighbor , .

color between 1 3 and 1 4 years O f age — bare he ad

,
hood where we are in formed her hu sban d re
, , , .

e d and b are oo te d S he i s sm all O f her age s id e s The above rewa rd will b e give n to any
f
‘

.
.

very sprightly and very likely She stated she .

p erson sec urin g her .

was goin g to see he r m othe r a t M ay svil l e . P O LLY C S H I E L DS . .

S A N F O R D T H O MS O N ” . M o u nt E l ba Feb 1 9 , .
,
.

$ 5 0 Rewar d — Ran away from the subscriber

”
From the “
Jackson ( Ten ) T legraph n e , S ept .
,

1 4 1 83 8 .
his n e gro m an P aul adore comm only c alled Pa u l , .

I understand G E N R Y H AY N E has p u rc ha se d
Committe d to the j ail O f M adison co unty a .

his wif e a n d c hil d r e n from H L P I N C KN E Y E SQ

. .

ne gro wom an who calls her n am e Fanny an d , ,

. .
, .

says she belongs to William M iller o f M obile and has them now on h is plantatio n at Goose ‘

, .

She f ormerly belonged to John G iv in s o f this creek where no do u bt the f ellow is f req u ently -
,
, , ,
”
cou nty , who n o w owns se vera l o h l T DA IS V
f r h i dr
. .
e c e n .

D AV I D S HR O PSH I RE Jailor ”
$ 2 5 Rewar d — Ran away f rom the s ubscriber , .
,

From the N orfolk ( Va ) B eacon J uly 3 d

“ ” a negro woman nam ed M atilda It is thou ght , .

1 838
S .

he may be som ewhe re up J ames River as she , ,

,
.
was claimed as a wif e by som e boatm an i n Gooch
“
Ru naway f rom m y plantation below Eden land J A LV i S ”
‘

. . .

ton my negro m an N elson H e has a m other

, ,
.

l ivi n g at M r Jam es G o o dwin s in B al l aha e k

.
Stop the Ru naway Reward Ran ’
,
.

P e rqu im an s co unty ; and two b rothe r s o n e be away f rom the Eagle Tavern a negro fell ow _

, ,
ubt at tem pting to f ol l ow
,
n am ed N at He i s no do
longi n g to Job Parker an d th e o her to Josiah
t
.

s w f e who was l a tel y sol d to u sp e c u l ator named

,

W M D RA S C O E ” h i i
C offi c l d
.

.
,
. . .

Redmond The above reward will be paid by .

From the C harleston ( 8 C ) C o urier ” Jan M rs L u cy M Down m an , of S ussex co unty Va . .

, . . .
, .

12 1 838 .

— Run M ultitudes of a dvertisements like the above ap

$ 1 0 0 Reward away f rom the sub . .
.

scriber his negro f ellow John He is W ell known

, , .
pear ann u ally in the so uthern papers Reade r .
,

look at the preceding list— mark the u n feelin g

i

abo ut the city as one O f my bread carriers has a

wif e living at M rs We ston s on Hem pstea d .
’
, . barbarity with which their m asters an d m istr esses
John f ormerly belonged to M rs M oor near S t .
, ,

describe the str uggles and perils o f s undered hu s

Pa ul s ch urch where his m other st i ll lives and
’
, ,
bands an d wives p arents an d children in thei r ,
has b ee n harb or e d b y her be f o re .
,

J O H N T M ARSHA LL . .
weary m idnight travels throu gh f orests and rivers ,

60 T r ad d street
,
”
- .
wi th torn limbs and breaking hearts seeking the ,

From the N e wb em ( N C ) Sentinel ” M arch . .

embraces o f e ach other s love In one instance ’
.
,
,

1 7 1 83 7 . .
a m other torn f rom all her children and taken to
Ran a way M oses a black fellow ab o u t 40 a remote part of ano ther state presses her way ,
. , ,

vears o f age — has a wif e in Washington .

back thro u gh the wilderness h undreds of m iles , ,

T H O MA S B RAGG Sen ,
. to clas p once m ore he r children to her heart : b ut ,

Warrenton N C ,
. .
when she has arrived withi n a f e w m iles of the m ,

From the Richmon d ( Va . ) W h ig ,

”
J u ne 30 , in the sam e co u nty is discovered seized dragged , , ,

1 837 to j ail and her p u rchaser told thro u gh an adv e r

,
,

tise m e n t th at S he awaits his order B ut we need

way m y man Peter — H e has a s ister
Ran a ,
.
, .

and m other in N e wK ent an d a wif e abo ut fi fteen ,

not trace o ut the h arrowing detail s already be for e
oreighteen m iles above Richm ond at o r abo ut the reade r
T HE O A LA C Y
, .

”
Taylorsville . . . .
Rev C S R E N SHA W of Q uin cy Illinois who
. . .
, , ,

From the “
N ew O rleans B ulletin ,
”
Feb 7 , . reside d som e tim e i n K ent u cky says ,

1 838 .
I was told the f ollowing fact by a yo un g lady ,

“
Ran a way my negro Philip aged abou t
, ,
40 da u ghter of a slaveholder in B oone co unt y K en ,

year s — H e may have gone to St L o uis as he has t u cky who live d within hal f a m ile of M r H ughes
,
.
’

H u ghes and N eil traded in slaves do wn

.
,

a wife ther e .
f arm .

W G CL AR K 70 N ew L evee
From the Georgian ” J an 2 9 1 838
. .
, .
” the river : they had bo ught up a part of the ir
stock in the u pper co u nties of K ent ucky an d ,
, . , .
bro ught them down to L o u isville where the re ,

A Reward of $ 5 will be paid for the ap p re m ain de r O f their drove was in j ail wai ting the ir ,

hen sion O f his n egro wom an Diana Dian a is arrival J ust be fore the ste amboat p ut off f or the
lo w
, . .

f rom 4 5 to 50 age She f orm erly belon ge d to . er co untry two negro wom en w e re O ff ered fo r ,

M r N ath L aw of L iberty co unty whe r e her hus

. .
, , sale each of them havin g a yo ung chil d at the
,
168 Objection s Con sid ered— P ub l ic Op in ion .

YE ARS O LD and the She ri ff proceeds to give no

, Illinois who spent some tim e in slave states
, ,

tice that if n o o n e claims him the boy wil l be speaking of his residence i n K ent ucky says ,

so l d as a sl ave to p ay jail f ees

. . O ne Sabbath morn ing whilst ridin g to m eet ,
.

In the M emphis ( T enn ) Gazette M ay 2 ”

, ,
in g near B urlin gton Boone Co K e nt ucky i n , .
,

com pany with M r Willis a teacher of sac red

.

1 8 37 W H M ON TG O MER Y advertises that he

.
,
, . .

m u sic and a mem ber of the Presbyteria n C hurc h ,

will sell a t a uction a B O Y AGE D 1 4 A NO THE R AGE D , I was startle d at m ingle d shou ts an d sc re am s ‘

,
1 2 A N D A G I R L 1 0 to pay the debts o f thei r d e
, ,
.
proceed in g from an ol d log ho use som e distance ,

ceased m aster . f rom the road side A S we passe d it some five . ,

B F C H APM AN Sheri ff N atc hitoches ( L a ) o r six boys f rom 1 2 to 1 5 years of age came o ut
’

, ,
.
, .
.
,

advertises in the Herald of M ay 1 7 1 83 7 ’

"
som e of them crackin g whips followe d by two ,
, , ,
colored boys crying I asked M r W what th e -
. .

that he has c omm itted to J A I L as a runaway a

.
,
‘
,
scene m eant O l i he repli ed those boys have
.
,
’
,

negro boy BETWE E N 1 1 A N D 1 2 Y EA RS O E AGE ” —

.
been whippin g the niggers that i s the way we
In the A u g usta ( G a ) Chronicle ” Feb 1 3 .
, .
,
bring slaves into s ubj ection in K ent u cky— we
1 83 8 R H J O N ES j ailor says
. . Bro u ght to j ail
.
, ,
let the children beat them T he b oys ret u rn ed .
’

a ne gro wom an S arah she is abou t 60 or 6 5 y ear s again into the ho u se an d again their sho u tin g ,
,
an d st am p ing was heard b ut e v e r an d an on a '

,
ol d .

scream o f agony that wo uld n ot be drowned rose ,

In W i nch ester Virgin ian ” A u g u st 8

the , , above the uproar th u s they contin u ed ti l l the .

1 83 7 M r R H M E N I FEE O ff ers ten dollars re

, . . .
,
s o un ds were lost in the distance ” .

ward to any on e who wi ll c atch and lodge in j ail ,

Well did Je ff erson say that the children o f
“

,
Abram and N elly a bou t 60 y ear s ol d so that he , ,
slaveholders are N U RSED E D UC ATE D A N D DA I L Y ‘
, ,

c an get them again .

E X ER CI S E D I N T Y RA NN Y .
’

J SN O WDE N Jailor C ol u mbia S C gives

.
, , ,
. .
The p rotection thrown aro u n d a mother s ’
,
’

notice in the T elesco p e ” N O V 1 8 1 83 7 that he , , , , yearnings and the he lple ssness o f childhood by
,

has com mitte d to j ail as a run away slave C are , the p u blic opinion of S laveholders i s shown by
‘ ’
,

thou san ds o f a dvertisem ents of which the f ollo w

”
l i n c j if ty y ea rs of ag e .

Y S P IC K ARD Jailor Savannah G eorgia ,

. . , , , i ng are samples .

”
gives notice i n the Georgian J u ne 2 2 1 837 , , ,
FTom the N e w O rl eans B ulletin ” J un e 2 , .

that he has taken up f or a r u nawa y and lo dge d

N EGR O ES F O R SA L E — A negro woman
i n j ail Ch arl es 6 0 y ear s of age ,
.

2 4 years of age and has two children one eight ,

.
,
”
In the S avannah Georgian April 1 2 1 83 7 , , , an d the o ther three ye ars Said n egroes will be
sol d SE PARATE L Y or together as d esire d T he
.

M r J C U Y L ER says he w
. . ill give five dollar s to , ,
. ,

any o n e who will catch an d brin g b ac k to hi m wom an is a good seam stress She will be sold .

low for cash o r exchan ged f or GR OC E R I ES F or .

S aman arf ol d n egro m an an d grey an d has on l y ,

,
”
, ,
terms apply to M A YH E w B L I S S Co , .

on e e
y e.
1 Front L evee .

”
In the M ac on ( G a ) Tele graph Jan 1 5
"

”
From the Georgia J ourn al N ov 7
. .
, ,
. .
,
1 839 M E SSRS T A N D L N AP I E R a dvertise for
T O B E S O L D — O ne negro girl abou t 1 8
. .
, .
, '

s ale N ancy a woman 65 y e ar s of age an d Pe ggy

_

, ,
m on ths ol d belongin g to the estate o f Wi lliam
,

a woman 65 y ear s of age .

Chambers dec d Sold for the p urpose of di stri
,
’
.

The f ollowin g is from the 2C ol umbian ( G a ) ‘

. b u l ion ’
. J ETHR O D EA N ,

E nqu irer ” M arch 8 1 83 8 .

S A M U E L B EA LL ,
, ,

$2 5 R EWA RD Ran away a N egro Woman .

, From the N atchez Co u rier ” April 2 1 838 , , .

name d M ATI L DA aged abo u t 3 0 or 3 5 years ,

.
N O TICE — I S hereby given that the un der
Also on the same night a N egro Fellow o f small
, , signe d p u rs u ant to a certain Dee d o f Tr u st will
size VE RY AGE D s toop shou l dere d who walks V E RY
, ,
-
, on Th u rsday the 1 2 th day of A pril n ext G xpose ,

DE C R EP I DLY i s su pposed to have gon e o ff ,

H is .
t o sale at the Co u rt Ho use to the highest bidde r ,

nam e is DAV E an d he has claim ed M atilda for , for cash the f ollowin g N egro slaves
,
to wit ,

fe It m ay be they hav e gone O ff together

.
.
Fanny age d abou t 28 years ; M ary ag e d abo ut 7
, ,

I will give twenty fi v e dol l ars for the woman -

, years ; Aman da aged abo ut 3 months Wilson , ,

delivered to m e in M uscogee co u nty or confined , aged abo u t 9 m onths .

in an y j ail so that I can get her .

Sai d slaves to be sold f or the satisfact i on o f
,

M O SES B UTT .
the debt sec ure d in sai d De e d o f T rust .
~

J B R A N DA LL Jailor Cobb (C o ) Georgia ad I V J M IN O R ”

. . .
. .
, , .
,

v e rtise s a n ol d negro man in the M illedgevi lle , From the “

M illedgeville Jo rnal u ,
”
Dec . 26,
Recorder ” N ov 6 1 83 8 ,
.
, .
1 83 7
A N EGR O M A N has been lodge d in the
.

EX E C Il T O R S
SA L E ’
, .

c om m o n
j ail o f this co unty who says his name is , Agreeable to a n or der of the co urt o f VVil
J U P I TER He has l ost al l his f ron t teeth a bove
. kinson co unty will be sold on the first T uesda y
an d b el ow — Sp e ak s ver y in distin c tl y is very l am e , .

, , in April next be fore the Cou r t ho u se door in th

y wa l k to wn of I rwin gton O N E N EGR O GIR L ab ou t
,
”
so tha t he c a n ha rd l .
,

Rev C HAR LE S S TEWART R E N S I IAW of Qu incy

.
—
, ,
tw o y ears ol d nam e d Rach el belonging to the
, ,
 Objection s Con sid ered— P ubl ic Op in ion . 1 69

esta te of Wil liam Chambers dee d Sold for the the f ollowing j ust com m ent on the barba rity of ’
.

ben efit o f the he i rs and creditors o f said e state the above par agraph .

Wo u ld any on e in reading this paragraph f rom ,

an evening paper conj ect u re that these eight ,

‘
‘

Alexandria ( D C ) Gaze tte” Dec r ubbers and riders that together with a horse
’
F ro m the “
. . .
, ,

are merely mentioned as a loss to their owner ‘ ’

,

were h u m an beings — i m mortal as the writer who

I will give the hi ghest cash price for likely n e th us bru talizes them and perhaps cherishi n g li f e .

,
groes f r om 1 0 to 25 y ea rs of age
,
as m u ch ? In this view perhaps the eight
. ‘ ’

lost as m u ch as Colonel O live r ”

, ,
G E O KE PHA RT . .
.

From the So u thern W hig ” M arch 2 1 838 T he f ollowing is from the Charleston ( S C )
, , .
.
‘

VVI LL be sold in L a Grange T ro up e oun ty o n e Patriot ” O ct 1

'

8
, ,
, . .

negro girl by the nam e of C harity aged abou t —Since I have been here
,
L oss of P r op er ty , ’

10 or 1 2 years ; as the property o f L ittleton L ,

( Ric e Hope N Santee ) I have seen m u ch m i

.

B urk to satis fy a m ortga ge fi f a f rom Tro u p In

.
, ,
,
sery and m u ch o f h u man s uffering T he loss o f
. .

f e rior C o u rt in f avor o f Daniel S Robertson , .

O
.

vs sa id B urk ”
,
PR PE RTY has bee n im mense not only on S o u th ,

Santee b ut also on this river M r S hool b re d

. .

.
, .

From the Petersb u rgh ( Va ) Conste ll ation ” has lost ( accordin g to the statement o f the p hy
“
.
, ,

M a rch 1 8 1 8 3 7 , .
sic ian
) f orty six negroes— the m aj ority lost being ,
-

5 0 N egroe s wa n te d im m ed i a te l y — The s ub the p rim est han ds he had— bricklayers carp en . ,

scriber will give a good m arke t p rice for fi f ty like ters blacksmiths an d Coo p ers M r Wm M a , . . .

l y negroes f rom 1 0 to 3 0 y e a r s of age E ck has l ost 3 5 negroes C o l Thom as Pinkney

, y .
. .
,

H E N RY D AV I S ” I n th e neighborhood o f 4 0 and m a n y oth e r p l a nt . ,

.

ers 1 0 to 2 0 o n each p lantation M rs E lias Harry , . .

,
T he f ollowin g is an extract o f a letter f rom a ad oinin the p lantatio n o f M r L u c a s ha s lost
j g .
,

e ntlem an a nati ve a n d s till a r e sid e nt o f o n e o f to date ne o e s— the b e s t

'

g ,
u
p 3 2 g r
p a rt of he r p rim ,

the S lave states and s til l a sl av e hol d er He is ,

e s t negroes o n he r plantation ”
.
.

an elder in the Presbyterian C h urch his letter is Fr om the N atc he z ( M is s ) Dail y Free Trader " , .
,

n owbe f ore us and his nam e i s with the E x e c u Feb 1 2 1 83 8

, .
,
tive C omm ittee of the Am Anti slavery Society F ou n d — A N EGR O S HEA D WA S P IC K ED UP O N
.
- .
’

Permit m e to say th at aro u nd this very THE RA I L R OAD YESTERDAY W H IC H TH E O W N E R

,
-
,

place where I reside Slaves are bro u ght alm ost C A N HAVE BY C A LL I N G AT TH I S O F F IC E AND PAY I N G
constantly and sold to M iss and O rleans ; that
,
”
,
F O R THE A DVERT
.
I SEME N T .

it is u su al to part f amilies f orever by s u ch sa l es

The way i n which slaveholding p ublic op i ‘

— the parents from the children an d the c hildren

nion protects a poor female l un atic is ill ustrated ’

from the parents of every size and age A

,
.

mother was taken not long S ince in this town in the f ollowin g a d ve rtiseme n t i n the Fayette
'

from a su c k in g c hil d and sold to the lower v ill e (N C ) O bserver

, ,
”
,
J u ne 2 7 1 838 . .
, ,

co untry Three youn g m en I saw some tim e ago

. Taken and committe d to j ail a negro girl “
,

taken f rom this place in chain s— while the mother nam e d N an cy who is su pp osed to belon g to ,

of on e o f them ol d an d decrepid f ol l owed wi th Spence r P W right of the S tate O f Georgia

, ,
.
.
, .

te ar s a n d p ra e r s her son 1 8 or 20 m il e s an d S he i s abo u t 3 0 years o f age and is a L UN A

y
.
,

O tho u Great
, ,

bid him a fi n a l f a r ewe l l E ter T IC The owner is re qu este d to c ome forwar d

, .
,

nal is th is j u stice ! is this e q ity u " E qual prove property pay char ges an d take her away ,

or S HE W I LL BE S OL D T O PA Y HER J A I L R EES
, , ,

Rights 21” .

F R D H O M E Jailo
E K r ” ’

\Vc s u bjoin a f e w m iscellaneo u s f acts ill us

, .

A late P R O SPE C T U S of the So u th C arolin a M e

tratin g the I N HU MA N I TY O f slaveholding p ublic ‘ .

dic al College locate d in Charleston c ontains the

opinion .
’ , ,

The shocking indi ff erence m ani feste d at the f ol l owin g passage

S ome advantages o f a p ec u l iar character are
death of slaves as hum an b ein gs contrasted with
connected with this Instit u tion which it m ay be
,

,
the grie f at their loss as p r op er ty is a tr ue in de x proper to point ou t N 0 place in the Unite d ,

to the p u blic op in ion o f S laveholders

.

S tates off ers as great opport unities f or the acq u i .

Colonel O liver o f L o uisville lost a val uable sition of a n atom ical kn o wledge S U B J E C TS BE I N G
,

, ,

race horse by the explosion o f the steam er O ro O BTA I N E D FR O M AM O N G THE C OLO RE D P O P U L AT IO N IN

-

noko a fe w months since i n th e M ississippi river S U FF ICI E N T N UMBER F O R EVE RY PURP O S E A N D PR O .

,

S
.
,

Eight h u m an beings whom he hel d as slaves

PE R D I SE C T I ON S C ARR I E D ON W I TH O U T O F F EN DIN O
”
A N Y IN DIV I D U A L S I N THE CO M MU N I TY 1 ‘

were also killed by the e x plosion They were .

W ithou t ofi en d in g an y in d ividu a l s in the com

theriders and grooms o f his race horses
- A -
.

m u n ity M ore than hal f the pop ulation O f

L o uisville paper th u s S peaks of the occ urrence
“ Colonel O liver suff re d severely b y the ex may be ravaged their dead m ay be du u dr g
Charleston e
we believe is colored the ir grav e s , ,

plosion of the O ronoko He lost eight of his rub . g p a , ,

.

be rs an d riders and his horse Joe K earney ge d into the dissecting room expose d to the gaze
, , , , ,

which he had sold the night be fore for heartless gibes an d experim enting knives O f a , ,

M r K in g of the N e wYork Ame rican makes cro wd of in exn e rien qed ope ra to rs who are given to
.
, , ,
 1 70 Objection s C m sidercP P ub l ic O p in ion .

u nderstan d in the prospec tu s that if they do not , , cal cases always on han d wo u l d prove a powe r
,
’
, .

acquire man u al de xterity i n dissection it will b e , f ul attraction to st udents an d greatly increas e ,

wholly t heir own f a ult in neglectin g to improve , the pop ularity o f the instit u tion In brie f then .
, ,
the u nrivalle d advantages a ff orded by the in stitu .
the m otives of i ts f o u nders the pro fessors were , ,

tion— since each can have as m any h um an bodies these the accomm odation of their stu den ts— the
,

as he ple ases to experiment u pon— an d as to the accom modation of the p u b l ic ( which means the ,

f athers m others h usban ds wi ves brothers

, , , , , whites) —an d the accommodation o f Slaveholders
and S isters of those whom they c u t to p ieces
'

, who have on their h ands disabled slaves that ,

f rom d ay to day why they are not indivi d uals
in the comm unity b ut property an d however
the ir feelings may be tort ured the p ublic O p i
n ion o f slaveholders is entirely too chival ro us
’ ‘
to degrade itself b y caring forthem
T he f ollowing which has been for som e time a
stan din g advertisem ent of the S o u th C arolina
M edical C ollege in the C harleston papers is ano
ther i ndex o f the same p ublic Opinion toward
, , w o u l d make interesting cases for s urgical O pe
‘ ’
,
,
’
.
‘
,
’
ration in the presence of the p up ils— to these
,
reasons we m ay add the accomm odation o f t he
’
M edical Instit u tion and the accommodati on of
the mse l ves N o t a syllable abo ut the ac c om m od a
tion o f the hopeless s uff erers writhing wit h the ,
agony o f those gun S hot wo unds fract ured sc u lls , ,
, , broke n limbs an d u lce rate d backs which constitute
‘ ’
the interesting cases f or the p ro fessors to S how
’

slave s We give an extract

. .
o ff
”
be fore the ir p u pils and as p racti c e m ak e s
, ,

S urgery of the M e dic al C ol l ege of S ou th C a r p er f ect f or the stu den ts themselves to try their -

Que e n s t T he Fac ul ty in form their p ro

,
ol in a -

,
f os io n a l b r e thren an d the p u blic that they h ave
s
hands at by way o f e x p eriment .

, ,

establi shed a S u rge r y at the O l d C ollege Q ue e n , ,

Why we ask , was t his s u rgery establ ished for
,

stree t F O R THE T R E AT M E N T O F N E G R O E S w hic h

, ,
the treatment O f n egroes alone ? W h were these
y
’

will co n ti n u e in Op eration d u ri n g the session o f ,

‘
interesti ng cases selecte d f ro m that class e xcl u
’

the C ollege say from first N ove I her to the fi f

, t , siv e l ? N o m an who knows the f e el i n g o f s l a v e
y
te e n th o f M arch ens u ing
hol ders towards slaves will be at a loss f or the
.

T he obj e c t o f the F a c u lty in opening this S ur ,

gery is to colle c t a s m an y in tere sti n g c ases as

, ,
reason P ublic O pinion wou ld tolerate s urgical e x
.
‘ ’

possible for the b en efi t and in struc ti on o f their

, p e rim e n ts operations processes per forme d upon
, , ,

p up il s at the same tim e they ind ulge the h ope them which it wo u ld execrate if per forme d u pon
v -
, , ,

that it may not only pro ve an ac com modation b u t ,

their m as ter or oth er wh ites A S the great O bj e c t in .
'

also a m atter of economy to the p ublic They

_

wo u ld respect ful ly call the attention o f planters collectin g the disable d negroes is to have inter
,

li v ing in the vicinity of the city to this s u bj ec t ; ,

esting cases f or the st u dents the pro fessors who
’
,

partic ularly s u ch as may have servants l aboring per form the operations will of co u rse en deavor to
under S u rgical diseases S uch p e rson s of col or . make them as interesting as possible The in ’
.

as may not be able to pay fo r M edical advice will , s tru c tion o

f the stu de n t is the im m ediate obj ec t ,
be attended to gratis at stated hours as O f ten as , ,
and if the pro fessors c an accomplish it best b y
m ay be necessary
,

The Fac ulty take th is opportu nity of soliciting p r otr ac tin g the operation p au sing to e xplain the ,

the c o op e ration of s u ch of their pro fessional

-
di ff erent processes & c the s ubject is only a negro
, .
,

brethren as are f avorable to their obj ec ts

, . an d what is his protracted agony that i t sho u ld ,

T he first thing that strikes the reader of the restrain the pro f essor f rom m aking the case as
ad vertise ment is that this S urgery is establishe d ,
interesting as possible to the st u dents by so u s i n g
’

e xcl u sively for the treatment O f n egr oe s and if ’ his kni f e as will give them the best knowl edge o f
the parts an d the process however i t m ay pro
,

he kno ws little of the hearts of slaveholders to ‘

, ,

wards their slaves he charitably s u pposes that , ,

tract or a u gment the pain of the s ubject The .

e n d to be accomplished is th e in stru c tion o f the

they feel the dint of p ity f or the poor su ff erers ,
’

and have fo un de d this instit u tion as a special stu dent opera tions upon the negroes are the m ea n s
,

charity for their re lie f B ut the del usion v a . .

to the end ; tha t te l l s the whole story— and he who
nishes as he reads on ; the p ro fessors take S peci al knows the hearts of S laveholders and has com
ca re that no s u ch derogatory in feren ce S h all be mon sense however short the a l lowance can find
, ,

drawn f rom their advertiseme n t They give us .

the way to his concl u sions withou t a lante rn .

the three re asons which have ind uce d them to By an advertisement o f the S ame M edical I n
O pen this S u rgery for the treatment of negroes .
’
stitu tion date d N ovember 1 2 1 838 and p ublish
, , ,

The first an d m ain on e is to collect as many ,

‘
ed in the Charleston papers it appears that an in ,

i n te r estin g c ase s as possible f or the benefit and fi rm ary has been Opene d in connection with the
instr uction of their p up il s — anothe r is the hope ’
,
college .
’
The pro fessors m ani fest a great desire
that it m ay prove an a cc om m odation — and the that the m aSte rs of servants sho uld send in thc r dis
'

’
,

thi rd that it m ay be a m atter of economy to

,
‘
abled slaves an d as an ind ucement to the f urn ish
,

the p ub l ic Another reason do ubtless and a con

.
’
, ,
ing of su ch in te restin g c ases say all medical an d ,

trolling on e thou gh the pro fessors are silent abo u t

,
s urgical aid will be O ffered withou t m al i n g the m -

it is that a large col lection of i n te resting s urgi

,
‘
l iab l e to an y p rof ession al c harge s Disintere ste d .
 172 Objection s Con si dered— P ubl ic Op in ion .

sel f A mong the se rvants waiting was a young less u pon the floor The same pe rson for some
. .
,

n egro m an whose bea uti fu l person ob hgin g and ac t of disobedience on the part I think o f the
, , , , ,

assid uo u s temper and his activity and grace in same slave when employed in stackin g stra w
, , ,

serving m ade him a favorite with t he company f elled her to the earth with the handle of a pitch
, .

T he dinner lasted into the evening a nd the wine f ork All these transac tions were rela te d with , .

passed f reely abo u t the table At length on e of the u tm ost c omp osu re i n a b an room withi n thirty .
, ,

the gentlemen who was pretty hi ghly excited miles of the Penn ylvania line
,
s
”
.

with wine became u n fort unately incensed either

, The two f ollowing advertiseme nts are ill u stra ,

at som e trip o f the yo u ng slave in waiting or at tions of the regard paid to the m arriage relations , ,

s ome other ca use happenin g when the slave was

withi n his reach He seize d the long necke d by .
slaveholding j u dges governors senators i n -
, ,

wine bottle and str uck the yo u ng man s u ddenly Congress an d m ayors o f c ities
,
, .

i n the temple an d f elle d him dead u p on the fl oor

,
From the M ontgomery ( A l a ) A dvertiser ” .
, ,

The f all arrested for a m oment the festivities of S e p t 2 9 1 83 7

, , .
, .

t he table Devilish u nl ucky exclaim e d on e ’

$ 2 0 R EWA R D —R an a way f rom the s u b s criber

.
. , .
’ ,
‘
The gentleman is ve ry u n f ort un a te cried an a negro m an n am e d M oses He is o f common ,
.

other Really a loss sai d a third & c & C size abou t 2 8 years old He f orm erly belonge d
.
‘
,
’
, . .

,
The body wa s d ra gge d f rom the din in g hall and to J udge Benson o f M ontgomery and it is said
.

,
, , ,
the f east went o n ; an d at the close on e of the has a wi f e i n that co u nty
_

J O H N G AY L E ” ,
.

gentlemen an d the very on e I bel ieve whose

.

hand had done the homicide shou ted l n The John Gayle w ho signs this a dvert isemen t
, ,

,
,
,

b acchan alian b r a very an d sou the rn gen er osity is an E x Gove rnor of Alabama
, ,
-
.

amid the broken glasses and f ragm ents of chairs From the Charleston C o u rier ” N o v 2 8 ,
, . .

‘
LAN n L o n n ! P U T THE N I G GE R I N T O T H E B I LL R an a way f rom the s ubscriber abo u t twel ve
'

This wa s that m u rd re d y o u ng man s re qu i em e

’ ,

months since his negro man P aul l ad o re H is

f u n eral servic e
,
an d
.

com p lexion is dark— abo u t 5 0 years O ld I uh

.

M r G E O R G E A A VE R Y a m erchant i n Roches de rstan d Gen R Y H ayne has p urchase d his

. .
, . . .

ter N e w York and an elder i n the Fo u rth Pres

, , wi fe and children f rom H L Pinckney E sq . .
, .

b y te rian Ch urch in that city who reside d f o ur an d has them now on his plantation at Goose , ,

years in Virginia gi ves the f ollowing testim ony : Creek W here n o d o ubt , the f ellow is f requen tly , ,
,
l urking T H O M A S D AV I S
”
I knew a yo ung man who had been o u t h u nt
. .

ing an d ret u rnin g with som e of his f ri ends see

, I t is ha rdly n eces sary to say that the G E N E RA L , ,

ing a negro m an in the road at a little distan ce R Y H A Y N E and H L P I N C KN EY E s name d ,

q
, . .
, . .
, .

deliberately drew up h is rifle an d shot him dead in the advertisem ent are Err Gove rno rHayne , .

This was done witho u t the slightest provocation ; ,

-

f ormerly U S Senator f rom S o u th C arolina an d ,

o r a word passing This yo u ng m an passed . .

,
.

thro u gh the f or m o f a trial an d altho ugh it was H on Henry L Pin ckney late member of C on
, ,
. .
, .

not e ven p re ten de d by his cou nsel that he was gress f rom Charleston District and now Inten dan t ,

not g uilty of the act deliberately an d wantonly ( M ayor) of that city ; ,

perpetrated he was ac qu itte d It was u rge d by

,
It is no di ffi c u lt matter to get at the p ublic .

his co u nsel that he was a y oun g m an abo u t 2 0

opinion of a comm u nity wh en l a d ies of prop
, , ’

years of age , ) had n o m al ic iou s intention hi s ,

y an d stan ding p ublish u nder thei r o wn

,
’
e rt

w
m other was a wi dow & e & c ” , . .
,

u ch a dvertisem ents as the f ollo

M r B E N JA M I N CL E N DE NON o f Colerain L an
.
nam es s in g , .

, ,
M rs EL 1 Z AB E T H L C A RTER of Groveton Prin ce
‘

aster co unty Pennsylvani a a member of the

, ,
. .
, ,

Society of Friends gives the following testimony Willi am co u nty Virginia th u s advertises her n e , , .

Three years ago the com in g month I took gro man M oses
Ran away from the s ubscriber a n egro man
,

a j ou rney o f abo u t seventy five miles f rom hom e -

,
,

throu gh the easte rn S hore o f M aryland an d a named M oses age d abou t 4 0 years abou t six feet ,
, ,

sm all part o f Del aware C allin g on e day near high well made and possessing a goo d ”address
. ,
, , \
,

n oon at Georgetown Cross Roads I fo un d m y and HAS L osr A PART O F ON E O F H I S EARS

,
-
,
.

sel f s urro u nded in the tavern by slaveholders M rs B N EW M A N of the same place and in .
. .
, ,

Amon g other s ubjects of c onversation their hu the sam e p aper adve rtises
man cattle cam e i n f or a share O ne of the com
,
,

Penny the wi f e of M oses aged abo ut 30

.
.

pany a middle age d man then livin g with a -

, ,
,
years brown complexion tall and likely n o p ar,

second wi fe acknowledged that a fter the death tic u l r ar k o e s ”

, , ,

s f p r on rec ol l ec te d
,
a m
,

o f his first wi f e he l i ve d in a state o f c onc ubinage

.

with a f em ale slave ; b ut when the time drew B oth of the above a dvertisem ents appear i n the
near for the taking of a second wi fe he fo und i t N ational I ntelligencer ( Washington city ) J une , , ,

ex p edien t to remove the slave from the premises 1 0 .

,
The sam e person gave an acco u nt o f a female In the M obile M ercantile A dvertiser of Feb .

, .

slave he f ormerly held who had a propensity for ,

1 3 1 838 is an a dvertisement signed S AR AH
ome on e p ursu it I think the atten dance of re , ,

O n a certai n occasion she WA L SH of whi ch the following i s an extract

,

l igio us meetings .
, ,

presented he r petition to him asking f or this l n Twenty fi ve dollars reward will be paid to an y ,
“ -

dul ge n c e ; he re fuse d —she import u ned— an d b e on e who may a p prehend and deliver to m e o r , ,

with sovereign indi gnation seize d a chair an d confine in any j ail so that I can get him my
w
, , , ,

wi th a blow upo n the hea d knocke d her Se n se m an Isaac who ran a ay sometim e in Septemb e r , ,
 Objection s Con sidered— P ubl ic Op in ion . 1 73

la st He i s 2 6 years o f age 5 feet 1 0 inches it like so m any post horses whip p ed to death in
.
, ,
-
,

high has a sc a r on hisf ore he a d c au se d b y a b l ow a mail coach

,
Ambiti o n has i ts cover sl u ts in , ,
. -

and on e on his back , MADE B Y A SH O T FR O M A P i s the pride pomp and circ u mstance o f gloriou s , ,

T OL
”
. war ; b ut where are the trophies of ava ri ce ?
In the N ew O rleans Bee Dec 2 1 , 1 838 M rs
” T he ha n d c ufl the m a n a c l e the b l ood stai n ed - -
, ,

cowhid e W HAT MA N 1 8 W O RSE RE C E IVE D I N so

.
,
.
,

B URVA N T whose residence is at the corner of

C I ET Y F O R B E I N G A HARD MASTE R ? W HO D ENI E S
“
.
,

C hartres and To ulo u se streets , advertises a wo T H E HA N D o r A S I STER O R DA U GHTER T o S UC H

.

m an as f ollows M O N STER S ? ”

Ran away a negro wom an named R achel

M r G E O RGE A A V E
,

has l ost al l her toes ex c ep t the l arge on e ” RY of Rochester N ew . .

,
, . ,

” York who reside d f o u r years i n Virgini a testi »

From the H u ntsville ( Ala ) Democrat J u ne .

,
, ,

fies as f ollows
1 6 1 83 8
T E N D O L L ARS R EWARD —Ran away f rom the
I know a local M etho d is t ministe r a man of
.
,

talents and pop ular as a preacher who took his

,

s ubscriber a negro woman nam e d Sally abou t

’

, ,
, ,

2 1 years o f age taking alon g her two children

negro girl into his barn in orde r to w hip her ,

an d she w as b r ou ght ou t a c or se H is rien d

,

p f s
one three ye a rs an d the Other seven m onths ol d ,
.

Thes e negroes were P U R C HAS ED BY M E at the sale seemed to think this of so l ittl e imp or tan c e to his
m in iste r ial stan din g that althou gh I live d n ear
of George M ason s negroes on the first M onday
’ ,
,

in M ay an d le f t a f ew day s therea fter Any him abo u t three years I do not recollect to have
.
,
,

person delivering t he m to the j ail o r in H u nts heard them apologize f or the deed tho u h I re
g .
,

collect havin g heard ON E o f his neigh bors allege

v il l e or to me at my plantation five miles above , ,
,
this f act as a re ason why he did not wish to hea r
Triana o n the Tennessee river shall re ceive the ” ,
h m preach
,
” i
above reward C A v COO PER .

H R I T . .

”
From the M iss1 ss1 p p ian M ay 1 3 1 838 “ N otwi thstanding the mass of testimony which , ,

T E N D O LL AR S R EWARD — Ran away f rom the has been presente d establishing the f act that in .

s ubscriber a man named Aaron yello wcom the p u blic opinion of the S ou th the slaves
, ,
‘ ’

lexion bl u e e e s f& c I have no do u bt he is fin d n o p rotection som e may still claim that the
p y , , .

l urking abo u t Jackson an d i ts vici n ity probably p ublic O pinion exhibited by the preceding f acts , ’

harbore d b y some of the negroes sold as the property is not that

of the highe st c l ass of soc ie t
y at
of m y l a te hus b a n d Harr y L ong d eceased Some , ,
.

the S ou th and in proo f o f this assertion re f e r to

of them are a b o u t Richland in M adison co
w
I ,
.
, ,

will give the above re ard when bro u ght to m e the f act that N egro Brokers N e gro Sp e c u
'

‘ ’
, ,
,

abou t six miles north west of Jackson or p u t I N lators N egro A uctioneers and N egro Breeders
-
, , , ,

J AI L so that I c an ge t him
,
LU C Y L ON G ” & c are by that class u niversally d espised an d
. .
.
,

I f the reade r a fter peru sin g the prece ding avoi de d as are all who t reat their slaves with
, ,
.

f acts testim ony and argum ents stil l insists that cr uelty
, , ,
.

the p u blic opinion of the S lave s tates p rotects

‘
T o thi s we reply that if al l claim ed by the
’
, ,

the slave f rom o u trages and alleges as p roo f o f obj ector were true i t coul d avail him nothing
, , .
,

it that c r u e l masters are f rowned upon and sh un for p u b l ic Opinion i s neithe r made nor u nma de
,
.
‘ ’

ne d by the co mm unity gene rally and regarded by ‘ the first class of society That class p ro ,
’
. .

as m onsters we reply by presenting the f ollowin g d uces in it at m ost b ut S light m odifications ;

, , ,

facts and testim ony those who belong to i t have generally a p ublic
.

“ Col
M EA N S o f M anchester O hio Says that opinion withi n thei r own circle which has rare
.
, . , , ,
’

when he reside d in South Carolina his n eighbor l more either of morality or m ercy than the
y
, ,
,
a physician became enraged with his slave and p ublic opinion of the m ass and is at least equ al
, ,
, , ,
sentence d him to receive two hun dred lashes .
'

l y hear tl ess an d more in tolerant As to the esti

A f ter havin g received one h u ndred and forty he .

w
,

fainted A fter inflictin g the f ull n umber of

.
m ation i n hich ‘
spec ul ators so ul drive rs ,
’ ‘
,
’

lashes the cords wit h which he was bou nd were & c are held we rem ark that they are not de
,
.
, , ,

loosed When he revived he staggered to the sp ise d b ecau se they tr ad e in sl at es b ut b eca use
.
-

ho u se and sat down in the sun Being f aint the are wor k in m en all suc h are despised by
g
.

y
,
,
and thirsty he b egge d f or some water to drink slaveholders White drovers who go with droves .

of
,

The master went to the well an d proc ured som e

.

—
water b u t instead of giving him to d ri n k he swine and ca ttle f rom the f ree states to the S lave
thre wthe whole b ucket ful l in his f ace N at ure states an d Yankee p e dl ars who traverse the sou th
,

- . , , ,

co u l d not stan d the Shock— he su n k to rise no and white day laborers are in the m a in equ ally l
-
, ,

more For this crime the physician was bou nd despised or if negro traders excite more contempt
. ,
, ,
-

over to Cou rt an d t ied and acqu itte d— an d than drovers pedlars and day laborers i t is be
,
r
,
-
, ,
THE N E X T YE A R HE WAS E L E CTED ,

ca u se they are as a class m ore ignorant and

T O THE L EGIS L AT URE , ,

v ulgar men from l ow families and and boors in ,

T estimony of Hon JO H N R A N D OL PH of Vir .
,
‘
their m anners Ri dic u lo u s ! to s uppose that a .
,
ginia people who have by l aw m ade men articles of
In on e of his Congressional speeches M r R , . .
, , ,

trade e q u all y with swine sho u ld despise men

says : Avarice alone can drive as i t does dri ve , ,
,

this inf ern al traffi c , an d the wretche d victims of drovers an d trade rs more than hog dro w ers and ,
-
 17 4 O bjection s Con sidered —P ub l ic Op in ion .

tra ders T hat they are n ot despised beca u se i t is

.
this high born whol esale soul sel l er doubtless de ,
- .

their b usin ess to trade in hum a n bein gs and bring s ise s the retail
p souLdrive rs who give him thei r ’

them to m arket is plain f rom the f act that when ,

c ustom and so does the wholes ale groce r the driz ,

some gentlem an o f pro p erty an d stan ding and z l in

g ta p ster who sneaks U p to his co u nter f o r a
’

Of a good fam ily embarks in a negro spec ulation ’

,
keg o f whiskey to dole o u t un d e r a shanty i n two
an d employs a dozen so ul driver s totraverse the ’
cent gl asses ; an d both fo r the sam e reason .

u pper co u ntry and drive to the so u th c ofiie s of ,

The ple a that the p ublic Opinion am ong the ‘ '

slaves expending h undreds O f thousan ds in his

,
highest classes of society a t the so uth is m ild an d
wholesale p urchases he does n ot lose caste I t i s ,
.
_ consi derate towar ds the slaves that the y do n ot ,

known in Alabama that M r E r win son in J awO f ,

.
,
-
overwork u nder feed neglect when ol d and si c k
, , .

the H O N H E N RY CL AY an d brother o f J P Erwin

. ,
. .
, scantily clothe badly l edge and hal f shelte r thei r , ,

f o rmerly postm aster an d l ate mayor O f the city o f slaves ; that they do not barbaro u sly flog loa d with
~

, .

N ashville lai d the f o u ndation of a pri n cely f ort un e

,
irons im priso n i n the stocks bran d an d m aim
, ,

in the slave tra de carried on f rom the N orthern

-
,
them ; h u nt them when r u naways with dogs and
S lave S tates to the P lantin g Sou th that the Hon .
g uns an d s under by f orce an d f orever the nearest
,

H H itchcock b rother im l aw O f M r E and since

. ,
- . .
, kindred— is shown by almost e very p age O f t hi s ,

of Alaba
on e O f the j u dges of the S u pre me Co rt
u work to b e an assum ption not only u tterly ground
, ,

m a was interested with him in the traffic and that

,
less b ut directly Opposed to m asses O f irre f ragable
,

a la te membe ro f the Kent u cky S enate ( Col Wall ) e vidence I f the reader will be at the pains to ‘
. .

n o t only carried on the same b usiness a fe wyears

ago b u t a ccompanied his droves in person down
,
the M ississippi N ot as the d r iver for that wou l d
revie w the testim ony recorde d on the f oregoin
, g
pages he will fin d that a very large proportion
. ,
O f the atrocities detailed were comm itted not by ,

be v ulgar dr u dge ry beneath a gen tleman b ut as , ,

the most ignorant and lowest classes O f society ,

a nabob i n state or derin g his u n derstrappers . b ut by persons O f prope rty a n d stan ding by ,
’

I t is also wel l known that President Jackson masters and mistresses belongin g to the upper
was a sou l drive r an d that even so late as the
‘
,
’ classes by persons in the le arned pro fessions by
,
’
,

year be fore the commencem ent o f the last war he ,

civil j u dicial an d militar y Offi cers by the l ite r a ti
, , , ,

bo u ght up a c ofil e of slaves and drove them down by the fashionable elite an d persons O f m ore tha n
to L o uisiana for sale .
ordinary respectability and ex tern al m orality ’

T H O M AS N G ADSDE N E SQ the principal slave . .

large n umbe rs of w hom are pro fessors O f reli gion .

a uctioneer in Charl eston S C is O f on e O f the . .

It will be recollecte d that the testim ony O f S a
,

first f am ilies in the state an d m oves in the very rah M Grimk e an d Angelin a G Weld was c on
.
,
.
,
,

highest class of society there He is a descendant .

fine d e x c l u sivel y to the details of slavery as e x
O f the disti n g uished General Gadsden of re v ol u tion
hib ite d in the highest c l asses of soc ie ty mainly in ,

ary memory the most p rominent so uthern mem Charleston S C See their testim ony pp 2 52— 24
, . . .

and 52 —5 7 The f ormer has fu rnished u s with

,

he r i n the Continental Congre ss O f 1 7 65 and a f ter ,

.

war ds elected lie u tenant governor and then govern .

the followin g testimony in a dd ition to that already
o r O f the state The Rev Dr Gadsden rector of . . .
give n .

St Philip s C hurc h C harl eston an d the Rev

.
’
, , .
“
N athaniel Heywar d of C om b ahee S C on e of , . .
,

the wealthiest planters in the state stated in con

Phillip Gadsden both prom inent E p iscopal cler ,
versation with som e other planters who were c om
, ,

gy m e n in So u th Carolina and Colonel Ja m es , plaining of the i dle an d lazy habits of their slave s ,

Ga dsden of the United States army ; a fte r whom a an d the difii c ul ty of ascertainin g whe ther thei r
cou nty i n Florida was recently name d are ,
sickness was real or pretended an d the loss they ,

all brothers O f this T homas N Gads den E sq the .

, .
suff ered from their fre qu en t absence o n this ac .

largest slave a u ctioneer in the state u nder whose co unt from the ir work said I N EVE R L O SE A , , .

,
DAY S won x it is an estab l ished ru l e on my plan
'

hamm er m en women and children go off by thou

, ,
t ation s that the tasks of all the sick negroes shal l
sands its stroke probably s unders dail y h usbands , be don e by those who are wel l in addi tion to their
an d wives parents and chil dren brothers an d sis
, , own By this means a vi gilant s upervision i s kept
.

ters perhaps to see each other s f ac es no m ore

,
’
.
up by the slaves over each other an d they t ake ,

N ow who s u pply the a u ction table O f this Thomas care that nothin g b ut real sickness keeps any on e
out O f the field I spent several win ters i n the ’

N Ga dsden E sq with i ts loa ds O f h uman mer

.
,
. .

neighborhood O f N athaniel Heyward s planta tions

.

’
,
c han diz e These same deteste d so ul d rivers ’
and well remember his character as a seve re task
f orsooth ! They prowl thro u gh the co u nt ry b uy , , maste r I was p resen t when the above sta teme n t
.

catch and f etter them and drive their chaine d

, , was m ade ”
.

c ofil e s U
p to his stand where Thomas N Gads , . The cool barbarity of su ch a re gul ation is hard .

den Esq knocks them off to the highest bidder to l y s u rpassed by the worst edicts of the Roman
‘

, .
,

Ex G ovem or B u tler perhaps or to E rr Governor

-
,
-
Caligula— especially when we consider that the
Hayne or to Hon Robert Barn well Rhett or to
, .
, plantations of this man were in the neighbo rhoo d
his own reveren d brother Dr Ga ds den N O W , . .
of the C om b ahe e rive r on e of the m ost unhealth ,
1 76 O bjec tion s Con sid ere d— P ub l ic Op in ion .

known fact that m any wealthy planters m ake it whipped a f emale slave to death i n St L o uis
, .
,

a r ul e n e ve r to e mp l oy a p hy sic ia n am on g the ir in 1 83 7 as stated by M r Cole , p 89 was a , . .

,

s l a ve s Hon Willi am S m ith S enator in Con M aj or in the Un ited S tates A rm y O ne O f the

. .
, .

gress from S o uth Carolina f rom 1 8 1 6 to 1 82 3 physicians who was an abettor o f the tragedy o n
, , ,

a nd a fterwards from 1 82 6 to 1 83 1 is o n e of thi s the Brassos in which a slave was tort u re d to , ,

n umber He owns a n umber of large plantation s death and another so that he barely lived (see
. ,
-
,

in the so u th western states O ne of th ese bor Rev M r Smith s testimony p was Dr A n .

,
. .
’
, . .

d ers upon the village o f H u ntsville Alabam a son Jones a native O f Connectic ut who w as , . , ,

T he people of that village can testi fy that it i s a soon a fter appointed m inister plenipotentiary from
part of J udge S mith s sy stem never to employ a Texas to this government and now resi des at ’
,

p hysician even in the most e x trem e c ases I f the W ashington city The slave mistress at Lexin g . .

medical skill of the overse er or O f the slaves ton , Ky who as her h usband testifies has kill ed ,
.
, , ,

themselves can conten d su ccess fully with the six of his slaves ( see testim ony O f M r Clarke
,
‘

, . ,

disease they live if n ot they die At all events p is the wi f e of Hon Fi elding S T u rner
, , .
,
. . .
,

a physician is n ot to b e ca l l ed J udge Smith was late j udge O f the criminal court o f N e w Orleans .
,

ap p ointed a j u dge of the S u prem e Co urt of the an d on e of the wealthiest slaveholders i n K en

Unite d States three years since t u cky L ilburn L ewis who deliberately chopped .
.
,

The reade r will recall a sim ilar fact in the testi in pieces his slave George with a broad axe ( see ,
-
,

m ony o f Rev W T Allan son of Rev Dr A l testimon y of Rev Mr Dickey p 9 3) was a wealth y
. . .
, . .
. .
, .

lan O f H untsville ( see p

, who says that C O slaveholder an d a nephew O f Presiden t J c ffe rson
, . ,
.

l on e l Robert H Watkins a wealthy plante r in Rev Francis Hawley who was a general age nt
.
, ,
.
,

O f the Baptist S tate C onvention O f N orth C aroli

Alabam a an d a PRES I DE N T I A L E L E C T O R in 1 83 6
, ,

who works on his plantations three h u ndre d n a con fesses ( se e p that while resid ing in , .

slaves A f ter employing a p hysician for som e that state he once went out with hi s ho u n ds and
,

rifle tO h un t f u gitive slaves B ut instea d o f

ti e am on g his negroes he ceased to do o, a
m s l ,
, .

l odgin g as the reason that i t was c heap er to l ose makin g f urt he r re f erence to te stim on y already b e
,

a f wn groes e ve r
e e ar than to a h sic ian
f ore the reade r we will f urnish additional instan ’
y y p y a p y
e .
,

It is a f act per fe ctly noto rio us ,that the late Ge ces O f the barbaro us cr uelty wh ich i s tole rate d
neral Wade Ham pton O f Sou th C arolina who was and sanctione d by the uppe r classes of society
’

, ,

the la rgest slavehol der i n the United S tates an d at th e so u th ; we begin with clergymen and ,
,

probably the wealthiest man sou th of the Poto other O ffice rs an d members of ch urches .

mac was ex ce ssive l y c ru el in the treatm ent O f his

,
That the reader may j udge Of the de gree O f
slaves The anec dote of h im related by a cler
.
protection whic h slaves receive from p ublic ‘ ’ ‘

Op inion an d among the membe rs and ministers

’

gy m an 2
on page 9 is p er fectly characteristic
, , .
,

For instances O f ba rbaro u s i nh um an ity O f v a o f pro f esse d christian ch u rches w e insert the ,

f ollowing ill u strations

rious kin ds an d m ani fe sted by persons BE LON G I N G
.

,
Extract from an editorial article in the L owell
T O THE M O ST RESPE C TAB L E CI R C L ES O F S O CI ETY the
s ) O bserver
,
”
( M as a religio us paper ed ited at the
reader can cons u lt the f ollowing re ferences
tim e ( 1 833 b y the Rev D A N I E L S S O UTHMAYD
Testim ony O f Rev John Graham p 2 5 near the
. .
_
,
. .
, ,
who recen y died i n Texas
bottom ; o f M r P oe p 2 6 m i ddle ; O f Rev J O
.

. .
, , . . .

We l vc been am ong the slaves at the so uth 1

Cho u les p 39 m id dl e ; of Rev Dr Channing We took ains to m ake discoveries in resp ect to .
.

, .
, . .
,
p
p 44 top O f M r George A Avery p 44 b ot the evils ) f slavery W e forme d o ur se ntim en ts
.
, . .
, .
, .

tom ; of Rev W T Allan p 4 7 ; of M r John o n the . . o f the cr u elties exercise d towards

.
, . .

M N elson p 5 1 bottom O f Dr J C Finley p the sl a f rom having witnessed them

.
, .
,
We n o w . . .
, . .

6 1 top ; O f M r D ust in p 6 6 bottom ; O f M r a ffi rm that we never saw a man who ha d never

,
.
, .
, .
.
,

John Clarke p 87 ; of M r N athan C e l e p 89 been at the so u th who tho u ght as m u ch O f the ,

cr u elties practiced on the slaves as we k n ow to

.
, .
, .
,
,
middle Rev William Dickey p 9 3 ; Rev Fran be a f act .
, . .

c is Hawley p 9 7 ; o f M r P o w
.

ell p 1 0 0 mid dle

, .
A slave whom I loved forhis kin dness and the .
,
-
.

O f Rev P Smith p 1 02 . .
a m iableness of his disposition and who belonged
. .
,

to the f amily where I resi ded happened to sta y

The preceding are b ut a f ewO f a la rge n um ,

o ut fif tee n m in u tes l on er than he had permission

ber of similar c ases containe d i n the f o re goin g tes g
to stay I t was a m istake— it was u n in ten tion al . .

tim on ie s The slaveholder m entioned by M r B u t what was the penalty ? He was sent to the
. .

Ladd p 86 who knocke d down a slave an d af ho use of correction with the order that he sho u ld
, .
,

terward s pile d br ush upon his bo dy an d c on sum have thir ty l ashe s up on his n a k e d body with a ,

e d it held the han d O f a female sla ve i n the fire k n otte d rop e

,
He was bro ught home and
laid down in the ste e p in the b ac k o f the ho u se
till it was b u rned so as to be u seless for li fe an d , ,

in the su n u p on the fl oor And there he lay with ,

co n fessed to M r L add that he had kill e d f our m ore the ap p earance o f a rotten carc ass than a ,
.
,
.
,

slaves had been a m embe r Of the S en ate of G eor living man f or fo u r days be for e he co ul d do m ore
,
,

gia and a c l e rgy m an T he slavehol de r who i than m ove A n d who was th is inh uman bein g
. .
 Obj ection s Con sidered— P ub l ic O p in ion . 1 77 .

calling God s property his own and u sing it as he

’
,
his death m ight h ave been e auEe d by drinking
wo uld not have dare d to use a beast Y ou m ay cold water in a s tate of excitement The J ud ge .

sa
y he was a tiger —o u e o f the m ore wicke d sort ,
charged the j ury that i t wo uld be their d uty to ,

and that we m ust not j udge others by him H e .

find the de fendant g u ilty it they believed the ,

was a p rof essor of that re l igion whic h wil l p ou r death was ca used by the whip p in b ut if they
up on the w il l in g sl ave hol d e r the re tr ib u tion d ue to were o f O pinion that drin k in g c ol wate r ca use d
his sin .
the death they wou ld find him not g uilty
, Th e
W e wish to mention another f act , which ou r j ury f o u nd him — N OT GU I LTY
o wn eyes sa w and
wn ears heard We o ur o
Dr J E REM I AH S W AUGH, a physician in S omer
.

were calle d to evening p rayers The f ami l y as . .

ville B u tler co unty O hio testifies as f ollows

. .

sembled a ro und the altar of their acc u stomed , , ,

devotions There was on e f emale sl ave prese nt

. , In the year 1 825 I boar ded with the Rev , .

who b elonged to another m aster b u t who had , Joh n M ushat a Seceder ministe r an d principa l
, ,

been hire d for the day and tarried to attend f ami o f an academy in I re del co u nty N C He had , . .

l y worship T he pr ecio us Bi b le was O pe ned and S laves an d was in the habit of restrictin g them
O ne o f his slaves ho weve r ven
. , ,

nearly hal f a chapter had been read whe n the ,

on the S abbath .
, ,

eye of the master , who was reading O bser ved .

tu re d to disobey his inj unctions The O ff ence was .
,

that the new f emale servant i nstead of b emg

'

,
he went away on Sabbath evening and did n ot ,

sea te d l ike his o wn slaves fl at up on the floor was , , return till M onday mo rning
“

Abo u t the tim e we .

s tanding in a ste e in
p g post ure u pon he r feet He . were c al le d to break fast the Rev gentleman was , .

to ld her to S it do wn on the floor She sai d it was . engaged i n c hastising him f or b re a k in g the S ab
not her c ustom at hom e He ordered her again . b a th . He dete rm in ed n ot to s u bm it — attem pted
'
to do it She replied that he r mas te r did n ot re
. . to escape by flight I hc m aster immediately took .
'

q uire it Irritate d by this a nswer he repeate dly

.
,
down his gun an d p urs u e d him— levelle d his in .

s tr u c k her u on
p the head wi th the v ery B ib l e he str um ent O f death and told him if he did n ot stop, .

he l d in his han d A n d n ot content with this he

.
,
in stantl y he wou l d bl ow him through The p oor .

s eize d his can e and c a n ed her down stairs m ost

, slave ret u rne d to the ho use a n d s ubmitte d himself
u n m erc if u l l y He then ret urne d to resu me his
. to the lash ; and the good m aster while YET PA L E ,

p ro fan e work b u t we need not say that a l l the W I TH RAGE sat down to the ta bl e a n d witha trem
'

, , ,

f am ily were not there Do y ou ask again who .

,
b l in g voic e AS K E D GO D S B L ESS I N C I” ’

was this wicke d m an ? H e was a p rof essor of

The f ollowin g let ter was se n t by Capt J A C O B
‘

”
re l i
gion 1
.

DUN II AM of N ew York city to a slavehol der in

Rev H U NT IN GT ON LYMA N late pastor o f the
.
F ree C hurc h i n B uffalo N e w York says
Walking on e day in N ew O rlean s with a
, ,
, ,
Georgetown D C more than twenty years since ? .
,
, ,
Georgetown J u ne 1 3 1 81 5
.
, ,

Dea r sir— Passin g you r h o use yesterday I ,

pro fessional gentlem an who was ed ucate d in , behel d a scene O f C r uelty seldom witnessed ; tha t
‘

Conne ctic u t we wer e m et by a black man ; the

, was the br u tal chastisement O f yo ur negro girl)
gentleman was greatly incense d with the black l ashed to a l adder a n d b eaten in an i n hum an m an
m an f or passing so n e ar him an d t urnin g u pon n er too ba d to desc rib e M y blood chills while I
,

him he p ushe d him with viol e n c e of the wal k contemplate the s u bject
.
,

This has led me to in .

i n to the stre et This man was a p ro fessor O f re v e stigate yo u r character f ro m yo u r neighbors ;

.

l igion ” .
who in f orm me that y ou have c ause d the dea thof
[ And w e a d d a m e m b er an d if we m istake not on e negro man , whom y o u s tr u ck wi th a sledg e

or some trivial f a u lt— that y ou have beate n an o

, ,
f
an ofiic er of the Presbyteri an C h u rch which was
ther black girl with s u ch se ve rity that the sp l in t
established there by Rev Joel Parke r an d which ers re m ained in her bac k f or some weeks a f te r
.
, ‘

was then u nder his teach ing s — E m ] ou sold her— and many other acts o f barba ri ty
y ,

M r E Z E K I E L B I RDSEYE a gen tlem an of known

.
t oo lengthy to en umerate And to m y great sur .

,
prise I fin d y ou are a p rof essor of the C hr istian -

p robity in Cornwall Litc hfiel d county Conn rel i ion

, , , .
,

g
gives the testimony which f ollows Yo u will nat urally in quire why I meddle with ,

A B APT I ST C LE n G vM AN i n L a urens District you r f amily a ffairs My answer i s the ca u se of , .

,

S C W H I PP E D H I S S L AVE T O DEATH whom he sue h u m anity and a sense o f m y d uty req u ires it
. .
_ , .

p ec te d of havin g s tolen abo u t S ixty dollars The W ith these hasty rem arks I leave y ou to reflect
‘

slave was in the prime of li fe and was p urchased on the s ubj ect ; b ut wish y ou to rem ember that ,

a fe wweeks be fore for $ 80 0 of a slave trader f rom there i s an al Lse éin g eye who knows all our f a ults
Virginia or M aryland The coroner Wm Irby an d wi ll reward u s accordin g to our d eeds
.
, . , .

at whose ho use I was then boarding tol d m e that on I remain Sir you rs & c , , , , , .

reviewin g the dead body he fo u nd it beat to a j el l y JA C O B D U N HAM

'

, ,

f ro m hea d to
f oo t T he mas ter s wi f e discovere
. d M aste r o f the bri g
’
Cy ru s o f N Y ”
, . .

the money a day or two a f ter the death of the

slave S he had hersel f rem oved it from where
.
Rev S Y LVESTER C O W L ES pastorof the P re sh
y .
,

it was pla ced not knowing what i t was as it was teri an ch urch in Fredonia N Y says
, ,
, . .

tied up in a thick envelop e I happene d to be A yo ung man a m em b e r of the ch urc h in

. ,
i

present when the trial of this man took place at Conewango wen t to Alab ama last year to resid e , ,
'

L a urens Co urt Ho use His da u ghter testified as a clerk in an u ncle s store V t n he had been
.
’
.

that he r f ather u ntied the slave when he a p pear there abo ut n in e months he wrote his f ather that
’

_
,
.
,

e d to be failing and gave him c old water to drink ,

he m ust ret urn hom e To se e m embe rs O f the ,
.

of which he took f reely His co u nsel pleade d that same ch urch sit at the comm union tabl e oi our
.
-

12
 1 78 Objection s C o nsidered— P ubl ic Op in ion .

L Ord on e ll the n e xt to se e on e seize an y tion almost prod u ced a b attle b etween the elder
day , an
‘

weapon and knock the other down as he had seen an d the c arpenter , , .

he c ou l d n o t live there H is good f ather fort hwith .

Kyle imm edi ately arran ged his aff airs p acke d ,

gave him permission to ret u rn home ” up his tools an d prep ared to dep art Where are . .

y ou goin g ? dem anded L ewis I a m goin g ’

.

The followin g is a spec im en of the sham eless home s aid Kyle Then I will p ay y o u nothin g .

hardihood with which a pro f essed m inister o f the fo r wh at ou h ave done retorted the sl ave drive r ’
y , ,

Gospel and editor O f a religio u s paper ass umes unless y ou complete yo u r contr act
,
The c ar ,
‘ ’
.

the right to hold G od s image as a chattel I t is p en te r went away with this edi fy in g de cl ar ation
’
.
,
I will n o t st ay here a da lon er f or I expec t
f rom the So u thern Christian Herald y g ;
the fire of God will come do wn an d b urn y ou
It is stated in the Georgetown Union that a u alto ether an d I do not choose to
o to hell
,
p g g ,
negro s up p osed to have die d O f cholera when that with ou
, Throu gh h u sh money an d prom ises , ’
y . -

disease prevaile d in Charleston was carrie d to the n ot to whip the women an more I b elieve
y
,
Kyle ,
p ublic b urying grou n d to be interred b ut be fore returned an d completed his en a ement
i nterment signs of li fe appeared and b y the u se
g g .

J ames Kyle o f H arrisonb urg Vir gini a f re , , _

“
, ,
o f p rO p e r means he was restored to health , An d q u ently n arrate d th at circ u mstance an d his son .

,
now the ; man who first perceive d the signs of li fe the c a rp enter confirme d it with al l the m in ute