el > SE IE Quantitative Ability — 1 Answers and Explanations Class Exercise afalz|c]s3 4[al[s[a[elal7/»|sl{clo 10 at[ a [az] [13] c [44] a [15] b | 46] a | 17] ¢ | 18] a | 19 20| 21 | a [22] » | 23| vb | 24] c | 25] b | 26 27[» |2e|» [aja {sola Home Exercise T]o]/2]>]3]e]4]>]5]>|6le]7]o[s[alo][alfwla at{ a [aztec [13] b [14] a [45] a [16] b | a7| a [18] a | 19 a | 20] ¢ 21| ¢ [22] b | 23| b | 24] a | 25| b | 26| a | 27| a | 28| » | 29[ a | 30] b 31| d [32] a | 33[ ¢ | 34] a | 35] c | 36] a | 37| a | 38] a | 30] a | 40] a 41| b | 42| a | 43[ b | 44] c | 45[ Class Exercise 4,a Let the total number of births be 100. Then, Total number of twins = (5% of 100) x 2 = 10 - Total number of single children = 95% of 100 = 95 4d Letthe thi hen, ee ann een Total number of children = 10 + 95 = 105 7 10 First number = 90% of x= percentage of twins = 12 <100=9.52% ‘and second number = 40% of x= 4 x 5.d Let 100be the maximum marks for each subject. Then, 10 from option (d), First number 90+95-+95+x «Percentage value = ust Numba TSX 96-2 x=104 which is not possible. : Hence, his average % marks cannot be 96%. x100=75%. 4 Ba X=97.5% of 20% of 48 = 3x 1x48 = 36 Alternative method: 1,3 30 2 é 2 Percentage value = 49 120 =75% Y = 14.28% of 27.27% of 77 = 5% 14x77 =3 2. c¢ Area of rectangle = L x lew length = 1.2L ee ees event edhe New area = 1.2L xB 20 42 then, 22 x+10=42 x12 = x= Increase in area = 20%. ee TOO cee r00 et ear eaeares LX>¥. 3.0 Let the total number of votes be x. Winner's percentage votes = 84% of x = 0.84x 8.¢ Let the total wire bought be ‘x’ m. Then, Percentage votes of rest of candidates Wire stolen =-10% of x = 0.1 x = xX— 0.84x = 0.16x Wire left = x - 0.1x = 0.9x. Majority = Difference of votes between winner and Now 90% of remainder is used. rest = 0.84x — 0.16x = 476 «. Wire left is 10% of remainder = 10% of 0.8x = 0.09x = 0.68x = 476 + X= vex 00 _ 700. Now, 0.09x = 47.25 = x=525m Qa-1 > Z Career Page 1 “© Launcher9. Malo population = 1,20,000 x 0.55 = 66,000 The romaining water is (5.95 ~ 4.46) = 1.49 kgs . Female population = 1,20,000 ~ 68,000 = 54,000. (1.49)x100 Number of male voters = 68,000 x 0.48 = 31,60 So, tho water content now = +45, see = 96.88%, Number of female voters = 54,000 x 0.60 = 32,400 hare : :. Total number of votors = 32,400 + 31,680 64,080. 14. Lot the earlior expenditure be 2100 = 10 Lx #10 Now oxpenditure = 7.5 L » 212.5 = 93.75 10. Lot the gross pay of Vaibhav be £1,000 Decteaso percontage is 100 - 93.75 = 6.25% After 20% deduction, remaining amount = 80% x 1000 800 Shortcut: $800 x 5% tax = 840 e tion = E {40+ 10% of a0 (eecharge) = C44 Price of Petrol Consumption = Expenditure . When the amount of tax is £44, 25%1 x = 7 Gross Pay (GP) = 31,000 Bean 2425-254 “9% 29 _ 6.25% = 6.25% decr - For tax = £22000, GP = 1090..22000 sao: sane = €5,00,000. 15.b Assume x = 10%, y = 20% ‘Then oon successive increase, told increase 11.d_ 60% men implies 40% women 20% of the women are literate. = 104204 10%20 _ 9% = 20% of 40% = 8% popul 100 Total literate population = 12% Let the CP = 100x, then Marked price = 132x. = 4% population is literate men Vikas has to give a discount of 32x on 132x 60% ~ 4% 32x i = x100= 93.33% of the men are iliterate. +. Discount = 3p, % 100 = 25%(=2) AxHYDZ 12.¢ Let x be the number of votes cast against Bahumukhi Party in the previous elections. 16.d_LetP be the sum, Rbe the rate of interest and T be the So the number of votes cast against the party in this Aime taken, then elections is 1.25x. steel ‘This means that the number of votes cast for the party xAxT (8 “(i j [R=] in the two elections would be (260000 — x) and qe ae: 4) (10 (260000 ~ 1.25x) respectively. LR=7.5% and T=75 years. Margin of victory in the previous elections (Votes cast in favour) ~ (Votes cast against) 7 PeOmOL th ne (eailno sas) 17.¢ Let sumbe &%, then SI = (648 ~ x) Margin of loss in this year's election OAKS _ Gag (Votes cast against) — (Votes cast in favour) “400 = 18x .25x ~ (260000 — 1.25x) = (2.5x - 260000). rieeao ‘Now, it is said that margin of loss this year pe a = 2 x (Margin of victory last year). low, P = 2540, R = 10%, T= 2 years Therefore, (2.5x - 260000) = 2(260000 ~ 2x). _(540x10 Solving this equation, we get x = 120000. SI=[ 99 %2 = *108 Hence, the number of votes casted for the party : wee0b00 120000) = 140000. - Amount = 540 + 108 = 2648. Attaasniaesecanad 18.d Let the sum be &P. Then, As the previous election was won, the number of Ry votes in favour must be more than 50% of 2,60,000 (ta i =1200 (i) i.e. 1,30,000. So options (a), (d) and (e) are eliminated. 100 ‘Then checking for the validity of option (b) and (c) 7 under the given conditions, we get the answer as (c). al" +R ) =1800 w 100 18. ¢ Water content = 0.7 x 8.5 = 5.95 kgs. ‘The pulp content, therefore, is (8.5 — 5.95) = 2.55 kgs. : RY 3 = 4.46 kgs of water. Page 2 => Z Career QA-1 “@®* Launcher: 3 22,b SI= 1,980 ~ 1,200 = %180, P = 71,200, Substituting this value in (), we got Px? = 1200 T =3 yoars 2 pn 100%180 =P =1200x , = 2800. cis (Sore % = Now rato = (5:+3) = 8% 19.8 Case =P a2P-P=P P= 5h Now si="200%8%3 _ zag = R=20% low S12 OG case2:Si=A-P=aP-Pa2p 2 = PR +. New amount = 1,200 + 288 = 71,488, = R= 16.66% 23, First part = &, R= 6%, N-=2 years Hence, rate of interest is better in case-1. Second part = 3,650 - x, R= 4%, N= 3 Years ‘According to the given condition, 20.0 Sl for2 years = 854. Hence, for one year = 94 = 177 x xx 2 _ (3650 ax 4%3 _, 2x =9650 (Let's assume the sums invested by Narayan and = x= #1825 (Mrthy- are x andy, respective) ‘Second part = 3,650 ~ 1,825 = €1,825. ox 7 77 = =6x+7y= Pe 4 TY sexe 7y=17700 o F Fe 24.6 Since rate of intrest is half yearly Le, 5=2:5% Aliso, %=¥ = x= Bo gg 8 BY 7 25 4 ‘Amount on June 30 = 00 +55] 1640. Pauting the value of xn), we gat 6x $y +7y =17700, 100 «. Principle on July 1 = 1640 + 1600 = %3,240. 24 4 7y=1700. v.y=1500 and x= 1200 25y 5 ‘Amount on December 31 = 3240 (+ . ) = 83921 Hence, total sum (x + y) = 1500 + 1200 = %2,700. ad Total Cl = 3,821 — 1,600 - 1,600 = 8121. Alternative method: 1 25,b Let the rate be R% p.a., then Narayan's investment x75 2 [s(+ fo) 50-['an 2] = Murthy's investment x5 . Narayan : Murthy = 4:5 7 Let Narayan be 4x = Murthy = 5x. = 1500) (100+R) Now Narayan + Murthy = 9x has to be divisible by 9. 10000 - (1), (b) and (e) are eliminated. Try (c) and (d) and find the interest earned in each case. = R= 10% pa y Alternative method: 21a SP= (05 PRP _ 1g _, 1500%R? afte test 1007 100 400 J =3 R® =100 = R= 10%. ' Now, ore =?( +355] >» Z Career Page 3 «© Launcher26.6 LOX = 2x, ¥ = x and Z = 6x. Then, Depriciation 3x = 9000 => x = £3,000 Porcont depriciation = eon aloo 2X = 86,000 and Z = €15,000 9000 40,80 " nt 1p = 2000 509 = 150%. +100 ~ 48.80% Porcontage value = BO «100 = 150 a Alternative method: 5x~2x 2. Lot maximum marks be x =? 100 150% ae 30 14 45 16 => x= 200 100 100 Percentage value = 27.0 Take initial value of business = £100 So, commission of dealer = 8% of 100 = 8 Hence, passing marks = ——-» 200+ 14 = 74, For next case also, commission for dealer = 28 100 Take final value of business = a x oe ea 3.6 Area of square = side x side Pa As the side increase by 20%, percentage increase in 20 Percentage change in value of business = 20 x 100 area =a 222 «20 204 20220 gr, = 20% 28.b Let the value of the machine two years ago be x. | 4. Given that D = 300 Then, value of machine after one year D=Cx 150% = C=200 =x — 10% of x = 0.9x A=C x 60% = A= 120 Further value of machine after two years, resent value = 0.9x — 10% of 0.9x = 0.81x A=B x 120% = B= 100. -, Present value = 0.81x = 1,62,000 a & x = %2,00,000. 5.b Let B's eaming be x. 1, 4 29. Total cost of painting = Rate x Surface area of sphere = As eaming = X+33,% of x = 3x As the radius increases by 10%. Surface area will change by 21% [using formula atb+lexb), ae = Bs caring ess han As" 100= 25% 20x21 3 Total change in cost of painting = 21 + 204.707 eee a 8.6 Required marks = 809%; Obtained marks = 1008; Failed by 19%, 30.d Let the number be x. + 1005 = (80 ~ 13)% of maximum marks = 67% of 7 ‘maximum marks, Correct answer = S 4 Total marks = 1005 x 10° — t99, Wrong answer = 5x 67 5 7.b —Letx be the number. Then, Percentage ertor =‘ 5.100 = 2400% 0.80 x +80=x = 020x=80 + x= 5 8.a Let x be the salary of Sandeep. Then, savings = 30% of x Home Exercise Expenses = 70% of x LIC = 40% of 30% of x 1.b Lot the present value of machine be %100. Others = 25% of 30% of x => Value after one year = 80% of 100 = 780, 40% of 30% of x ~ 25% of 30% of x Value after two years = 80% of 80 = 264, and 15% of 30% of x value after three years = 80% of 64 = %51.20 = x = 23,000. Depreciation = %100 — %51.20 = 748.80. Se Page 4 => Z Career LauncherLet number of students failed = 100 ad Number of students who passed = 120 18.4 eas xe = ae Percentages by which number of students falled Is 100“ 100" 100 less than who have passed is given by =) 908 +408 = 808 100 = 90A= +: -2 ) x 100 = 16.66%, oe 30 Porcontage of A is 8 = 22 x100=75%. 10.d Eamings = %4,000/month. pata an Savings = 30% of 4000 = €1,200/month Expenditure = Earning ~ Savings = &2,800/month | 16. b Percentage to reduce his consumption = 2800 x 12 = €39,600year. = = 75 <100=20%. 11.d Base increases by 14.28% so to keep the area of = triangle constant the height must be changed Lt height change by x3. 17.d Total number of students having prior work experience 0. Areas 1 xbxh Total number of engineers having prior work 2 experience = 22. ah Lt the number of engineers who do not have prior By using formula a + b+ 9*2 work experiance = x Total number of non-engineers in the batch teats 28 Msrekoo F120-x+8=128-% x= 125%, Now, total numberof commerce graduates = 128%. cS “otal number of engineers = 32 + x 12,6 Let the number of votes received by A be 'x. Then, Minimum possible value of x such that the number of x engineers is greater than the number of commerce B's vote count = 50% of voles of A = 50% of x = 5 graduates is 22. As, it A got 200 votes less, there would have been a ; 18.a Let CP of all the eggs = €100 tie, These 200 votes would have gone to B. ee cre ees en tibial toe x = x-200 =* 4200 > 3 = 400 = x=800 SP. 2 2 Profit percentage = (S100 Total number of votes = votes of A + votes of B =x+% = 800 + 400 = 1200. = (1291) 100% = 5.26% 2 95 13. Let the price of the bicycle be &x. Then, 9.09 8.93 77 tod 144.292 xft+ {1+ 7-7 \- 274 v(t foo ("oo {to} 125 ; ; 1 = Net change is (+23.2%) ont } (+ =r278 Let us check by options: np 13 For 20% 42.13.14 The tour successive percentage changes could be a2 I Matar ‘one oF other of (5, 10, 20), (-5, 10, 20), (5, ~10, 20) and (5, 10, -20) ke Gtet1 = L001. None of the above combinations gives a net change of 23.2%, 14.d Let number of females be x. a Then, number of males = 15000 - x Even if we take all the percentage changes (2, 4, 8) es 8 2a positive, the net percentage change would be loss cx 20 + (15000-x)xF- = 16300-15000 than 14.56% 100) For 200% : = 10x + 120000 ~ 8x = 130000 The three successive absolute percentago changes =3 2x = 190000 - 120000 are (50, 100, 200). For any combination of tho percentage changes, the net chango cannot bo oqual 10 23. Qa-1 re Career avi Page 5 «© Launcher21.6 22.b For 40% The three successive absolute percentage changes are (10, 20, 40), we take the successive percentage changes as (10, ~ 20, 40), then the net increase Is 23.2%. ‘Assume that the number of days = x and cost per day ry So, cost = x x y = 81347. Now, new number of days = 20, New wagesiday = y+ 12.5%01 y=Py 20,9. So, new cost = 55% 5x7 = €1449.2. Alternative method: We have, 1347 5%, _ 125% agg Please note that 5%, reduction is just an approximate. On the calculation part, reducing by 5% and increasing bby 12.5% makes 100 equal to 107 approximately. So, effectively it is a net increase of 7% over 81347. Now, options (a) and (d) can be outrightly rejected. (b) cannot be a choice because percentage increase Is too big. So, (¢) is the correct answer. Let the value of each installment be x, Then, x ac 10 1420) (441 (rte) (Hi 40x , 100% _ 11° 421 = 210K = 6720 x 121 = x = 83872 So, each installment = €3/872. =6720 720 1A} oi Remaining pat=1-[3+6]= > Average rate percentage per annum on the total sum. =(S3}-(S8}p(See)eon 1008110600 1 _ 100x600 _ 5,09 RxT 6x2 Eee The original sum is 85,000. 23.0 24d 25.b ' = Px x2 = 40 Sl= PxtoG 1 20 00° P ” Amount = (1 . x : 2 wane P (bof 20 => (P+ 40,80) = ef P j (trom (i)) 400 , 40 1440, = (P +40.80) °( 2 *| 400 = P+40.80=P + "+40 = (40.80 ~ 40)P = 400 400 =Pa oe 20 20 , 100 Thus, r= x100= SoA. ay BY nop, (+385) . (38 R R Pts 8 sep =16=24 Let ("00 1 (+00) 16-2 R Ry e Ry (BIB) (8) =n=40 So, the required time ee Page 6Let the principal be P After one year, amount In other case, amount difference = .02251 =3 P= 210,000 1.08P 05? P = 1,1025P 225 1600%100 9x5 3 27.4 Principal amount = = ¥8,000, 28.b Total amount with the man after frst T years = 1000 + 1507 ‘Amount invested again = 500 + 75T ‘Amount lost due to the investment 812.50 = Seso Total amount with the man after T + 6 years x (500+75T) = i (600+75T) 500.4757 + "(600 4751) =1000 T= 4 years. 29.0 Rate = 10% pa, time = 2 years, S.1, = 21,000 100%1000 Principal = HuaeeadOxe! =%5,000 10 Wot Amount at Cl= 000% 1 000%" x. aiitatae : (+8) 10" 10 Cl = 6,050 ~ 5000 = 21,050. Lethe vale of each nstatnent be 8 The, a tte we) ie (ic) (55) 2, 625% 2 * 729 = 1000 = 6500x729 = X= 3,645 So, each installment = %3,645, 6,500 = 6500 31. Let the sum be x. Then, ("roa") (“ot = 32. P = €2,000, Rate = 2% per half year, Time = 2 years = 4 half year <+ Amount 2° x [1+ 000 ( i00) 32,164.86 + Cl = 2,164.86 ~ 2,000 = 2164.86. 34.4 P = 2400, Amount = %441, time = 2 years Lot tho rato be R% p.a. Then, wor Pf eam Bf tt Rat * 1007 20 7 A= 5% pa. Beye +A =2 of sGo) = (1 ay 0) A warfie tf Using, we at R R r Ry (bf-[-Sf] a] sn=24 So, the required time = 24 years. = reot_,__108 1420)" (4, 10 a) (Gm 1694510 , 1694x100 n 124 1,540 + 1,400 = &2,940. Principal = As the principle amount (X) and the rate of simple interest in each case is the same, we can say that the interest earned must be directly proportional to the time of investment. We get a simple interest of 2X — years In 4 years, we should get an interest of AX _ 2x 6° 3 in a period of 6 Amount ater 4 years = x4 2% = Es i ers we stout gt an ren of 2 2% Amount after 9 years = **9X . 5X 2 "2 5X. 5x Ratio = 5X , &X _ Csi 2 13 Qa-4 42 Ci >Z Career «© Launcher Page 737.a Let the sum be x. Then, 40. Let amount after 4 years be A. Then, 2 4 8 12 ex(1e 10 Fy 2 x s000 [1+ 25) [s+ is] [1+ 5] [+S] = A= 6415 gia ®X10x2_x £. Cl = 6,418 ~ 5,000 = %1,415. 100 5 2 41. Difference =. PR (100)? = 4000725 49 100x100 ~ *"" Alternate Method: 42.8 Letsumbe ®P. xR? Then interest = R2P. RP = 405.5 10" 105-2 x=210.500, 100% 00 PxAx25 P= 100 Z => R=8%, 98.4 Let sumbe x. Then, SI= 22 Let rate = R% and time = R year. Then, See ee ree etree XXRR_ 9x Rate = O01 1% 100 16 - os p= 9*100 _ 925 Now, interest = 9°*5%"4 | 4,900 fe a Total amount = 7000 + 4900 = %11,900. = ae 3X5_18_71 oe tle 44.6 Lot &x doubles itself in 4 years. 2x become 4x in next 4 years, alos 71% andi «7 yeas therefore, it takes 8 years for amount to be four times. 800x3xR 39. P=%100, Amount = 2121, Rate = 10% pa 45.6 Si= (858-800 =) 156 =“ Lot the time be n years. Then, 156 _185, y00(1+ 1°) =121 ind a2 100 New rate («3 j= Cy) = 10 100 = (10) “(10 800.21 See New si = 80°21 a= t252 Total amount = 800 + 252 = 21,052 Page 8 => Z Career Qa=t @©\ Launcher