Gastritis, an inflammation or irritation of the lining of the stomach, is not a single disease.

Rather,gastritis is a condition that has many causes. Common to all people with gastritis is pain or discomfort in the upper part of the belly (abdomen), sometimes called dyspepsia.

Gastritis can be a brief and sudden illness (acute gastritis), a longer-lasting condition (chronic gastritis), or a special condition, perhaps as part of another medical illness.

An example of acute gastritis is stomach upset that may follow the use of alcohol or aspirin.

Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach. Infection with this bacteria may lead to chronic gastritis. Gastritis is a common medical problem. Up to 10% of people who come to a hospital emergency department with abdominal pain have gastritis.

Gastritis Causes

Gastritis is associated with various medications, medical and surgical conditions, physical stresses, social habits, chemicals, and infections. Some of the more common causes of gastritis are listed here.

Medications

Aspirin (more than 300 drug products contain some form of aspirin)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen)

Steroids (prednisone is one example)

Potassium supplements

Iron tablets

Cancer chemotherapy medications Swallowing poisons or objects

Corrosives (acid or lye)

Alcohols of various types

Swallowed foreign bodies (paper clips or pins) Medical and surgical conditions

Physical stress in people who are critically ill or injured

After medical procedures (such as endoscopy, in which a specialist looks into the stomach with a small lighted tube)

After an operation to remove part of the stomach

After radiation treatment for cancer

Autoimmune diseases

Pernicious anemia

Chronic vomiting Infections

Tuberculosis

Syphilis

Bacterial infections: H pylori infection is the most common. Many other bacteria-even those that usually cause pneumonia or bladder infections-can cause gastritis.

Viral infections

Fungal (yeast) infections

Parasites and worms

What Are the Symptoms of Gastritis? In people who have gastritis symptoms, pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen is the most common. The pain is usually in the upper central portion of the abdomen (the "pit" of the stomach). Gastritis pain occurs in the left upper portion of the abdomen and in the back. The pain seems to "go right straight through" a person as it travels from the belly to the back. People often use the terms burning, aching, gnawing, or sore to describe the pain. Usually, a vague sense of discomfort is present, but the pain may be

sharp, stabbing, or cutting. Other symptoms of gastritis include the following: Belching Nausea and vomiting Bloating Feeling of fullness or burning in the upper part of the belly In more severe gastritis, bleeding may occur inside the stomach. Any of the following symptoms can be seen as well as those already mentioned...

What is acute gastritis? Acute gastritis is sudden inflammation of the stomach lining resulting in abdominal pain, bleeding, or other gastrointestinal symptoms. In contrast, chronic gastritis occurs slowly over a long period of time. In some cases, acute gastritis is characterized as erosive, meaning that it wears away the stomach lining. Both erosive and nonerosive acute gastritis are likely to improve quickly with treatment. The stomach is a gastrointestinal organ located between the esophagus and the small intestine. It churns chewed food into smaller pieces through muscular contractions and further breaks it down with digestive acids. The stomach is lined with special cells that protect it from its own digestive acids. Acute gastritis can develop when the stomachs protective lining is damaged or compromised by diseases or substances. The symptoms of gastritis can be constant or sporadic, and the disease course varies among individuals. Some people with gastritis have no symptoms at all, while others may have burning abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dark-colored stools, or appetite loss. Acutegastritis is commonly caused by alcohol use, tobacco use, stress, and the use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Severe illness and consumption of caustic substances have also been associated with the development of acute gastritis. Another common cause of acute gastritis is a stomach infection caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a type of bacteria found in up to half of all people in industrialized nations (Source: NIDDK). Acute gastritis can be prevented in many cases by controlling risk factors. This includes lifestyle changes, such as limiting alcohol consumption and

reducing the use of NSAIDs. Treatment of acute gastritis will vary depending on the underlying cause. For example, H. pylori infection can be treated successfully with antibiotics and medications that reduce stomach acid. Seek prompt medical care if you have symptoms of acute gastritis, such as indigestion, pain in the upper area of your abdomen (epigastric pain), nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite, or if you are being treated for acute gastritis but mild symptoms recur or are persistent. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you, or someone you are with, have serious symptoms of acute gastritis such as severe abdominal pain; sudden onset of bloody or black, tarry stools; or vomiting bloody or black material.

SYMPTOMS What are the symptoms of acute gastritis? Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation and swelling of the stomach lining that may result in a number of symptoms. However, some people with gastritis may have no symptoms at all. When symptoms occur, they can vary in nature and severity among individuals. Symptoms can include:... Read More About Acute Gastritis Symptoms CAUSES What causes acute gastritis? Your stomach is lined with special cells that secrete mucus to form a protective barrier between stomach acid and your stomach wall. When that protective barrier is damaged or breached in some way, the stomach lining can become inflamed, resulting in gastritis.... Read More About Acute Gastritis Causes

What causes acute gastritis? Your stomach is lined with special cells that secrete mucus to form a protective barrier between stomach acid and your stomach wall. When that protective barrier is damaged or breached in some way, the stomach lining can become inflamed, resulting in gastritis. There are a wide variety of factors and conditions that can make your stomach lining more easily damaged. These include personal habits, such as smoking and drinking alcohol; the use of certain medications; viral and bacterial infections; excessively stressful events, such as surgery or illness;

and consumption of caustic substances. What are the risk factors for acute gastritis? A number of factors increase the risk of acute gastritis. Not all people with risk factors will develop acute gastritis. Risk factors for acute gastritis include: Alcohol abuse (especially large amounts) History of radiation therapy Infections including Helicobacter pylori, herpes simplex virus, or cytomegalovirus Severe illnesses, such as kidney, respiratory or liver failure Severe injury or major surgical procedure Stress Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), or aspirin. Gastrointestinal side effects including acute gastritis can occur at any time during NSAID use, with or without warning symptoms. Use of tobacco Reducing your risk of acute gastritis You may be able to reduce your risk of acute gastritis by: Not drinking alcohol or limiting alcohol intake to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men Not smoking Reducing your stress level Using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), and aspirin, only as directed or recommended by your physician or healthcare provider. Some people who take certain medications or who have certain medical conditions should not use NSAIDs because of the risk of serious complications. Always read and follow the complete directions and warnings on over-the-counter medications and discuss their use with your healthcare provider before taking them. TREATMENTS How is acute gastritis treated?

Treatment of acute gastritis varies depending on the underlying cause and the nature and severity of the symptoms.... Read More About Acute Gastritis Treatments How is acute gastritis treated? Treatment of acute gastritis varies depending on the underlying cause and the nature and severity of the symptoms. Antibiotic treatment for acute gastritis If your gastritis is caused by H. pylori infection, antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment. It is important to follow your antibiotic regimen precisely to avoid reinfection or recurrence. Most commonly, two antibiotics are given for 14 days in combination with another medication to suppress acid. Examples of antibiotic treatments include: Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox) Clarithromycin (Biaxin) Metronidazole (Flagyl) Tetracycline (Achromycin V, Sumycin) Other medications to treat acute gastritis Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers), which decrease the amount of acid in the stomach, are another effective treatment for acute gastritis. These medications are also sometimes used to prevent acute gastritis, especially in patients who are hospitalized with severe injuries or for illnesses or major surgery. Proton pump inhibitors that are effective in the treatment of gastritis include: Esomeprazole (Nexium) Lansoprazole (Prevacid) Omeprazole (Prilosec) Pantoprazole (Protonix) Rabeprazole (Aciphex) Histamine H2-receptor antagonists that are effective in the treatment of gastritis include: Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Famotidine (Pepcid) Nizatidine (Axid) Ranitidine (Zantac) If you have diarrhea or vomiting due to acute gastritis, fluid and electrolyte replenishment can be a component of successful treatment. Hospitalization may be required in severe cases or if complications occur, such as gastrointestinal bleeding. What are the potential complications of acute gastritis? Acute gastritis is not a serious illness in most cases. However, acute gastritis or its underlying causes can lead to complications in some cases, especially left untreated. You can help minimize your risk of serious complications by following the treatment plan you and your health care professional design specifically for you. Complications of acute gastritis include: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Increased risk of stomach cancer Malnutrition due to lack of appetite, discomfort, and decreased nutritional intake Perforated gastric ulcer, which can lead to bleeding Severe discomfort or pain Spread of infection Stomach ulcers

What is gastritis? Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining. While the lining of the stomach is quite strong and can withstand strong acid, drinking too much alcohol, eating spicy foods, or smoking can cause the lining to become inflamed and irritated. What causes of gastritis? Gastritis may be caused by the following: drinking too much alcohol eating spicy foods

smoking prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) infection with bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, or Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) major surgery traumatic injury or burns severe infection extreme physiological stress certain diseases, such as megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia, autoimmune disorders, and chronic bile reflux What are the symptoms of gastritis? The following are the most common symptoms of gastritis. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: stomach upset or pain belching or hiccups abdominal bleeding nausea vomiting feeling of fullness or burning in the stomach loss of appetite blood in vomit or stool (a sign that the stomach lining may be bleeding) The symptoms of gastritis may resemble other medical conditions or problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis. How is gastritis diagnosed? In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for gastritis may include the following: esophagogastroduodenoscopy (Also called EGD or upper endoscopy.) - is a procedure that allows the physician to examine the inside of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. A thin, flexible, lighted tube, called an endoscope,

is guided into the mouth and throat, then into the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. The endoscope allows the physician to view the inside of this area of the body, as well as to insert instruments through a scope for the removal of a sample of tissue for biopsy (if necessary). upper GI (gastrointestinal) series (Also called barium swallow.) - is a diagnostic test that examines the organs of the upper part of the digestive system: the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first section of the small intestine). A fluid called barium (a metallic, chemical, chalky, liquid used to coat the inside of organs so that they will show up on an x-ray) is swallowed. X-rays are then taken to evaluate the digestive organs. blood test - used to measure red blood cells, test for H. pylori, and possibly detect anemia, a condition in which there are not enough red blood cells present, which can cause gastritis. stool culture - checks for the presence of abnormal bacteria in the digestive tract that may cause diarrhea and other problems. A small sample of stool is collected and sent to a laboratory by your physician's office. In two or three days, the test will show whether abnormal bacteria are present; presence of blood in the stool may be a sign of gastritis. Treatment for gastritis: Specific treatment for gastritis will be determined by your physician based on: your age, overall health, and medical history extent of the condition your tolerance of specific medicines, procedures, or therapies expectations for the course of the condition your opinion or preference Generally, treatment for gastritis involves antacids and other medications aimed at reducing stomach acid, relieving symptoms, and promoting the healing of the stomach lining, as acid irritates the inflamed tissue. If the gastritis is related to an illness or infection, that problem will be treated as well. Patients are also advised to avoid foods, beverages, or medications that cause symptoms or irritate the lining of the stomach. If the gastritis is related to smoking, quitting is recommended.

health article Definition Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation of the stomach lining.

Alternative Names Acute gastritis

Causes, incidence, and risk factors Acute gastritis may be caused by:

Certain medications, such as aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or corticosteroids Alcohol Eating or drinking corrosive substances Extreme stress Infections, such as the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, or much less often, cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex virus Acute gastritis is often associated with a severe, acute illness or trauma. The following increase your risk of acute gastritis:

Aspirin or NSAID use Recent heavy alcohol use Major surgery Kidney failure Liver failure Respiratory failure Symptoms

Dark stools Indigestion Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds Signs and tests Tests that may be done to diagnose acute gastritis include:

Complete blood count (CBC, shows anemia) Gastroscopy Stool test for bleeding Upper GI and small bowel x-ray series Treatment Treatment depends on the cause of the gastritis. Antacids or other medications to decrease or neutralize stomach acid will usually relieve the symptoms and promote healing. Stop taking any medications that cause gastritis. Gastritis may progress to a gastric ulcer, requiring additional treatment.

Gastritis due to stress is best treated by prevention. Medications to decrease gastric acid production, such as proton pump inhibitors, should be considered for stressed hospital patients.

Expectations (prognosis) Most gastritis improves rapidly with treatment.

Complications A potential complication is a severe loss of blood.

Calling your health care provider Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of gastritis persist longer than 2 or 3 days. Call your health care provider if you vomit blood or have bloody stools.

Prevention Controlling risk factors may help prevent this condition. For example, do not use or limit your use of NSAIDs and alcohol.

References Kuipers EJ, Blaser MJ. Acid peptic disease: epidemiology and pathobiology. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 141

Acute Gastritis.

Synonyms.Gastric Catarrh; Acute Dyspepsia; Simple Gastritis.

Definition.An acute inflammation of the mucous surfaces of the stomach.

Etiology.The most common causes of acute gastritis are errors in diet or method of eating. We live in age where competition is strong, and travel at a pace incompatible with health. The business man hurries through his meal, only partially masticating his food, and washing it down with large quantities of fluid. Children catch the infection, and hurry through meals in order to reach school or resume play, and this continued rush of American life is productive in a high degree of stomach disorders.

The character of food also must be considered; for tainted food, or that in

which the fermentative processes are just beginning, act as irritants. Overloading of the stomach may be an exciting cause, as well as very hot, very cold, or highly-seasoned food. Alcoholic drinks are also responsible for many cases. Where there is a delicate stomach, a cold, with sudden arrest of secretions, may prove the exciting cause.

An attack of cholera-morbus may be attended with vomiting and retching of so violent a character as to be followed by gastritis. Certain diseases are said to predispose to this lesion; such as rheumatism, gout, syphilis, and tuberculosis. Chemical substances taken by design or accidentally must always be considered as irritants.

Pathology.The changes in the gastric mucosa are similar to those of mucous inflammations of other parts. Beaumont's study of the inflammatory condition, through a gastric fistula in the person of St. Martin, shows a reddened and swollen condition of the membrane, while an increased secretion of mucus bathes the angry-looking, membrane.

The gastric juice is deficient in hydrochloric acid, though lactic and butyric acids are in abundance. The mucous and peptic follicles are swollen, and appear granular, with infiltration of the intertubular tissue. The submucous tissue may become swollen and edematous, and ulceration may occur. Hemorrhage not infrequently occurs. The pathological changes are in proportion to the severity of the inflammation.

Symptoms.They will depend largely upon the character and degree of the inflammation. In the milder forms, the local symptoms predominate, and are a marked feature in all forms.

In the milder form the symptoms are those of acute indigestion, the patient complaining of an uneasy sensation in the epigastric region; or there may be a burning sensation, or a dull pain with nausea, and sometimes vomiting. There is distention of the stomach, attended by eructations of gas, which give temporary relief. In children, diarrhea attends, though constipation is the rule in adults.

The tongue is coated, breath sometimes offensive, and patient complains of a bitter taste in the mouth. When food and drink are taken, the pain is aggravated.

In the severer form, all the above symptoms are increased, and chilly sensations precede the fever, which is quite active for a few days, the temperature reaching 102 or 103. The pulse is frequent and hard, skin dry, bowels constipated, and urine scanty, highly colored, and deposits urates. The vomiting is more persistent, and consists of mucus, bile, and undigested food.

Where the gastritis is the result of swallowing the mineral acids, alkalies, corrosive sublimate, arsenic, etc.toxic gastritisthe inflammation is intense, the pain severe, and vomiting and retching persistent. The burning sensation is felt in the throat and esophagus as well, and thirst is almost intolerable, the gratification of which increases the vomiting.

The pulse is feeble though frequent, the extremities become cold, the surface clammy, the face pinched and anxious, the forerunner of collapse. The breathing is shallow, and attended by pain. The position is dorsal, with limbs flexed to relieve the tension, the abdomen is tumid, and tenderness is marked; finally, in fatal cases, coma comes on, the breathing is shorter, and death ends the suffering of the unfortunate patient.

Diagnosis.In the milder forms, where there is no fever, the diagnosis is readily made by the local symptoms, but where the disease commences with a chill followed by more or less fever, and there is no previous history of gastric derangement, the disease is readily mistaken for one of the infectious fevers, which mistake is only corrected by later developments. Where the gastritis follows the taking of corrosive salts, mineral acids, or drugs of any character, the diagnosis is readily made by the history and attendant symptoms.

Prognosis.In the milder cases, commonly known as acute dyspepsia, recovery takes place in from twenty-four to forty-eight hours, while those of a febrile type may persist for several days, and, if followed by indiscretion in eating, the frequent recurrent attacks result in chronic gastritis. Where

poisons have been taken, the case is more serious and may terminate in death.

Treatment.In the milder form, all that will be necessary will be to wash out the stomach by having the patient drink freely of warm salt-water and giving the organ perfect rest for twenty-four or forty-eight hours, to be followed by a diet that is bland and easily digested.

In the more severe type, when the stomach is irritable, after the flushing, the small dose of aconite and ipecac will act kindly:

Aconite

5 drops.

Ipecac5 drops. Water 4 ounces. M. Sig. Teaspoonful every hour. Rhus tox. acts kindly, and where the pulse is sharp, the tongue red, with papilla elevated, rhus replaces the ipecac. Where the nausea and retching are persistent, an infusion of peach-tree bark will often be followed by relief, or bismuth subnitrate one dram, to water four ounces, will afford relief. If the bowels be constipated, they should be opened by an enema, or if the stomach will bear it, a glass of Rubinat condal or Hunyadi may be taken and freely open the bowels. If there be excessive acidity of the stomach, a solution of sodium bicarbonate may be drunk ad libitum.

When poisons have been taken, the patient must be kept quiet in bed, all food by mouth restricted; but mucilaginous drinks may be allowed in small quantities. Ice-cream is grateful to the patient, and may be given sparingly. If the pulse becomes small and thready, and the respiration slow and labored, hypodermic injections of camphor and ether will be called for. This preparation, twenty grains of camphor to an ounce by weight of ether, is one of the most powerful of diffusible stimulants, and can be relied upon in desperate cases.

During convalescence, great care must be taken in the feeding, none but the

blandest articles being allowed.

next Gastritis is a condition that arises when the inner lining of the stomach gets inflamed. Gastritis can be of two types: acute and chronic. Sudden inflammation of the stomach leads to acute gastritis. Whereas, chronic gastritis is a condition that develops over a period of time. Acute gastritis can be erosive (which leads to wearing off of the stomach lining) or non erosive type. Here we will see more on acute gastritis: causes, symptoms and treatment methods.

Acute Gastritis Causes

Infection due to bacteria, virus or protozoa is the most common and prominent cause of acute gastritis. Bacteria like the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), or virus such as the Herpes simplex virus, etc. commonly cause acute type of gastritis. Secondly, stress, alcohol consumption, eating corrosive foodstuffs, intake of medication like the anti inflammatory drugs, etc, also lead to this condition. On the other hand, surgery, injury or trauma can also result in this condition. People suffering from kidney failure, liver failure or respiratory failure are prone to suffer from acute gastritis. What are the identifying signs and symptoms of acute gastritis? Let us take a look.

Acute Gastritis Symptoms

The symptoms of gastritis of the acute type are similar to the other diseases and disorders associated with the gastrointestinal tract. Burning sensation or pain in the upper abdomen is one of the most prominent identifying signs of this condition. The following are acute gastritis symptoms observed in case of adults and children. Dark stools Indigestion Bloating Loss of appetite

Nausea Hiccups Belching Vomiting blood Although, most of the above mentioned symptoms are commonly found in many gastrointestinal disorders, it is difficult to relate them to these condition. However, if one vomits blood or observes blood in stools, one should consult the doctor immediately. If left untreated, acute gastritis can lead to gastric ulcer. In rare cases, severe blood loss is one of the complications that can result if the condition is not diagnosed early. Therefore, it is essential to look for medical treatment immediately.

Acute Gastritis Treatment

The doctor will do a thorough physical examination, advise complete blood count (CBC) test, X ray or even MRI in order to diagnose the condition. The patient should also inform the doctor about intake of foodstuffs, alcohol, anti inflammatory drugs, etc. as it helps in diagnosis of gastritis. Acute gastritis treatment includes use of medications like antacids and proton pump inhibitors. Antacids are available in the form of tablets as well as syrups. If the condition is caused due to bacterial infection, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics to get rid of the bacteria. On the other hand, the doctor will also prescribe medications to treat the symptoms of acute gastritis.

Along with the traditional treatment method, one also needs to follow the acute gastritis diet for faster recovery. The diet should also be followed for 23 weeks after complete recovery of this disease, for long lasting relief. Deep fried, fatty, processed, acidic foods, tomato and tomato based foods, caffeine containing drinks, milk and milk products, hot and spicy foods, etc. are some of the foods to avoid in the gastritis diet. One should also keep away from fried meats, cheese, oils, etc. Although, the acute gastritis recovery time may vary according to the cause and severity of the condition; following the proper treatment and diet is a must for quick relief.

This was brief information on the causes, symptoms and treatment methods of acute gastritis. One should note that this condition can be prevented by

following a balanced diet, healthy lifestyle and abstinence from alcohol. Take care!

The Acute Gastritis Diet: what to eat to alleviate your gastritis Gastritis can be acute or chronic. This diet is intended to help those suffering from acute gastritis. The basic idea behind the acute gastritis diet is to limit the types of foods you eat so you give your stomach a chance to repair itself.

It is recommended you eat lots of vegetable soups with just a touch of rice in them, cottage cheese or any other fresh cheese, pastas with water or milk, baked apples, beef soup and stews.

If you suffer from gastritis you must eat slowly and after the meal you should lie in a bed with a hot compress on your stomach. You have to follow this kind of an acute gastric diet for 8 to 10 days after which you can slowly start eating what you usually eat. But you still must avoid eating irritant foods that are hard to digest. Once you get gastritis you have to be careful what you eat your whole life if you dont want to make your gastritis worse. A change in your eating habits must take place.

If you suffer from acute gastritis you should avoid eating the following foods: -fatty or game meat, fatty cold cuts and bacon -canned food that isnt also dietetic -hard vegetables full of cellulose like onions, cucumbers, celery, radishes, lint, beans or peas -any fried food -sweets like bonbons, cakes, pastries and jam -spices like hot peppers, pepper, garlic, mustard -coffee, stronger teas, alcoholic beverages

The rest of the foods that you can eat should be cooked as light as possible. You should also have and respect a meal schedule. The foods you can eat include: -meat soups -you can eat beef, chicken or turkey meat if it is boiled -low fat fish that is boiled or fired/baked in just a little oil -you should eat eggs only if they are an ingredient of a food. -regular milk is hard to digest when you suffer from gastritis so you should stick to other dairies like yogurt or cottage cheese -young vegetables that are boiled good can be used to create all sorts of meals -you have to avoid eating fresh fruits. You can eat stewed fruits, fruit juices or baked apples. Some fruits can be eaten fresh if they are really ripe: apricots, plums, peaches, raspberries -homemade apple or cheese pies and biscuits can be consumed in small quantities, but generally all desserts should be avoided.

he names of diseases: acute gastritis (acute erosive gastritis). Respective areas: the abdomen. Department treatment: digestion Neikeneike. Signs and symptoms: nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain. Did not cause acute gastritis caused by acute gastric mucosal inflammation and clinical can be divided into simple, erosive, corrosive, and purulent in order to simple the most common.It was divided into acute and acute exogenous endogenous categories.All virulence factors caused by mouth into the stomach, said external gastritis gastritis, including gastritis, bacterial, toxic gastritis, erosive gastritis, gastritis and other drugs; where harmful factor to reach the blood circulation through the gastric mucosa caused by gastritis, said internal gastritis, including gastritis, acute infectious diseases combined, systemic diseases (such as uremia, cirrhosis, pulmonary heart disease, respiratory failure, etc.) combined gastritis, suppurative gastritis, allergic gastritis and lesions on the bowel, in recent years as endoscopy widely used in lesions that stress is common, the most acute upper

gastrointestinal bleeding is one common cause.

Cause acute gastritis

Etiology

(A) physical and chemical factors. Cold, hot food and beverages, tea, coffee, alcohol, irritating spices, too coarse food, drugs (especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to aspirin, indomethacin Sim, etc.), can stimulate the gastric mucosa, destruction of mucosal barrier.Aspirin and other drugs can interfere with gastric epithelial cells to synthesize S glycoprotein, the reduction of gastric mucus, the protective effect of lipoprotein membranes weaken, causing the stomach cavity of the hydrogen ion back diffusion, leading to the release of mast cells in lamina propria group amine, vascular permeability can be increased, resulting in gastric mucosal hyperemia, edema, erosion and bleeding and other pathological processes, the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, gastric mucosal repair were also affected.

(B) biological factors. Bacteria and their toxins.Common pathogenic bacteria Salmonella, halophilic bacteria, pathogenic E.coli and other common Staphylococcus aureus toxin or toxins as botulinum toxin, especially the former is more common.Eating contaminated food bacteria or toxins can occur after a few hours enteritis namely gastritis or concomitant acute gastroenteritis.Aureus and its toxin intake enteritis namely acute gastroenteritis after the merger.Aureus and its toxins faster onset after ingestion.Caused by a virus in recent years, the patients are minorities.

(C) other. Foreign body or gastrolith stomach, the stomach area radiation therapy can be used as exogenous stimuli, leading to the disease.Mood swings, stress and allergic reactions caused by various factors in vivo as endogenous pathogenic stimuli.

Pathological changes Lesions can be diffuse or limited to the gastric mucosa of catarrhal inflammation.Mucosal congestion and edema, exudate and mucus surface coverage can be a bit like bleeding and different degrees of erosion.Membrane due to a lymphocyte, neutrophils, plasma cells and a few eosinophils infiltration, edema, mucosal vascular congestion, occasional small interstitial hemorrhage, severe submucosal edema and congestion.

Symptoms of acute gastritis

Often poor diet, alcohol, clothing and other incentives for stimulant medication.Subsequent upper abdominal pain, loss of appetite, belching, nausea, vomiting.Due to food poisoning and disease among those with acute enteritis, appears solid umbilical pain, diarrhea, fever, dehydration and even shock.Also associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Therefore, we should ask the patient pain location, nature, characteristics, accompanying symptoms, what triggers.Experience found on the abdomen and Cullen tenderness, bowel sounds hyperthyroidism, even to fever, watch for dehydration and even shock performance.Appropriate to do blood and emergency gastroscopy.

Most acute onset.Symptoms uneven.Mainly as epigastric fullness, pain, loss of appetite, He gas, nausea, vomiting, severe bloody vomit slightly.Or payment by the Salmonella pathogenic to grape and its toxins, often in hours or into the food within 24 hours of onset, many accompanied by diarrhea, fever, severe dehydration, acidosis, or shock.Laboratory tests increase the number of peripheral blood leukocytes, neutrophils increased.X ray examination showed mucosal lesions rough, local tenderness, irritability.Gastric endoscopic examination showed congestion, edema, exudate, such as dot-like hemorrhage or erosion.

Check with acute gastritis First, Jicha blood, urine, stool, stool occult blood (with hematemesis should check blood type, do endoscopy within 48 hours.)

Second, the chest perspective, B-, liver function, electrolytes, glucose, blood lipids, ECG.3 days.

Third endoscopy before discharge review.

Identification of acute gastritis Should and early acute appendicitis, acute gallbladder inflammation scared, acute pancreatitis and other identification.Endoscopy helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Prevention of acute gastritis Prognosis. Limiting the disease is a pathological process, short course, self-healing after removal of pathogenic factors, so the addition to the individual because bleeding can be serious consequences, sometimes even without treatment, the general prognosis is good . Prevention. One section of life, living there often, Regulating Emotions, avoid overeating, excessive smoking, alcohol, tea, greasy, coarse and spicy food. Second, the sick time after the diagnosis and therapy, modulating combination of home for recovery.

Complications of acute gastritis Shorter course of the disease, the Department of self-limiting disease, recover within a few days, but severe cases can be dehydration, acidosis, shock and gastrointestinal bleeding complications.