Test Bank for Pathway to Introductory Statistics 1st

Edition Lehmann 0134107179 9780134107172

Download full test bank at:

https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-pathway-to-introductory-statistics-1st-edition-
lehmann-0134107179-9780134107172/

Download full solution manual at:

https://testbankpack.com/p/solutions-manual-for-pathway-to-introductory-statistics-1st-
edition-lehmann-0134107179-9780134107172/

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Identify the explanatory variable and the response variable.

1) An agricultural business wants to determine if the rainfall in inches can be used to predict the yield per
acre on
a wheat farm.
Answer: explanatory variable: rainfall in inches; response variable: yield per acre

2) A college counselor wants to determine if the number of hours spent studying for a test can be used to
predict the grades on a test.
Answer: explanatory variable: hours studying; response variable: grades on the test

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the

question. Solve the problem.

3) The following table gives the total sales (revenue) and profits for 8 retailers. Construct a scatter diagram for
the
data and state whether sales and profits for these companies have no correlation, a positive correlation,
or a negative correlation.

Total Sales Profits

Company (Millions of $) (Millions of $)
Adams 9.5 0.5
Browns 22.0 1.4
Clay 35.0 1.8
Donners 64.0 3.0
Esters 27.5 0.9
Framer 45.0 2.6
Gillies 15.0 0.8

Hays 57.0 2.2

A) No correlation B) Negative
correlation

1
2
 C) Positive correlation D) Positive correlation

Answer: C

4) The table below shows the sales and profits of a company from 2000 to 2005. Construct a scatter diagram
for the data and state whether sales and profits for this company have no correlation, a positive correlation,
or a negative correlation for this period.
22
y
20
Sales Profits 18
Year (Millions of $) (Millions of $) 16
Profits (millions of

2000 9 8 14
2001 14 11 12
10
2002 12 9
dollars)

8
2003 11 9
6
2004 15 10 4
2005 10 7 2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 x
Sales (millions of dollars)

A) Positive correlation B) No correlation

22 y y
20 18
18 16
16 14
Profits (millions of

14 12
Profits (millions of

12 10
10 8
6
dollars)

8
dollars)

6 4
4 2
2 x
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 x Sales (millions of dollars)
Sales (millions of dollars)

3
 C) Negative correlation D) No correlation
y 22 y
18 20
16 18
14 16
Profits (millions of
12 14

Profits (millions of
10 12
8 10
6
dollars)

dollars)
4 6
2 4
2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x
Sales (millions of dollars) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 x
Sales (millions of dollars)

Answer: A

5) The table below shows the times (in hours) that seven students spend watching television and using the
Internet. Construct a scatter diagram for the data and state whether these times have no correlation, a
positive correlation, or a negative correlation.

24 y
Student TV Time Internet Time 22
(hours) (hours) 20

Tom 6 10 18
16
Dick 2 8 14
Internet Time

Harry 0 4 12
Sue 5 13 10
(hours)

8
Betty 5 14 6
Erin 3 5 4
Jan 4 14 2

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 x
TV Time (hours)
A) Positive B) Negative
correlation correlation
y y
24 24
22 22
20 20
18 18
16 16
14 14
Internet Time

Internet Time

12 12
10 10
(hours)

(hours)

8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 x 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 x
TV Time (hours) TV Time (hours)

4
 C) No D) Positive
correlationy correlationy
24 24
22 22
20 20
18 18
16 16
14
Internet Time 14

Internet Time
12 12
10 10
(hours)

(hours)
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 x 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 x
TV Time (hours) TV Time (hours)

Answer: A

6) The table below shows the legal costs and the profits of a company from 2000 to 2005. Construct a scatter
diagram for the data and state whether legal costs and profits for this company have no correlation, a
positive correlation, or a negative correlation for this period.
y
18
Legal Costs Profits 16
Year (Millions of $) (Millions of $) 14
Profits (millions of

2000 3 12 12
10
2001 8 9
dollars)

8
2002 6 11
6
2003 5 8 4
2004 9 3 2
2005 4 9
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x

Costs (millions of dollars)

A) Negative B) Positive correlation

correlation

y y
18 18
16 16
14 14
Profits (millions of

Profits (millions of

12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
dollars)

dollars)

4 4
2 2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x
Costs (millions of dollars) Costs (millions of dollars)

5
 C) No D) Positive
correlationy correlationy
18 18
16 16
14 14
Profits (millions of

Profits (millions of
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
dollars)

dollars)
4 4
2 2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x
Costs (millions of dollars) Costs (millions of dollars)

Answer: A

Refer to the given scatterplot to determine whether the association is positive, negative, or neither.
7)

A) neither B) negative C) positive

Answer: B

8)

A) neither B) negative C) positive

Answer: C

9)

A) neither B) negative C) positive

Answer: C

6
 10)

A) positive B) negative C) neither

Answer: C

Choose all of the following diagrams and tables that would be an appropriate way to describe the given data:
frequency and relative frequency table, relative frequency bar graph, multiple bar graph, pie chart, two-way table,
dotplot, stemplot, scatterplot, relative frequency histogram, and boxplot. Do not include diagrams or tables that
would be possible but awkward.
11) A researcher compares the breeds of cats and their fur colors.
A) frequency and relative frequency table, relative frequency bar graph, dotplot
B) frequency and relative frequency table, relative frequency bar graph, pie chart
C) scatterplot
D) multiple bar graph, two-way table
Answer: D

12) The list price (in dollars) of dishwasher are compared with their lifetimes (in years).
A) scatterplot
B) multiple bar graph, two-way table
C) frequency and relative frequency table, relative frequency bar graph, dotplot
D) frequency and relative frequency table, relative frequency bar graph, pie chart
Answer: A

Refer to the given scatterplot to determine whether there is a linear association, a nonlinear association, or no
association.
13)
100 y

80

60
Response
variable

40

20

20 40 60 80 100 x
Explanatory variable

A) nonlinear association B) no association C) linear association

Answer: C

7
14)
100 y

80

60
Response
variable

40

20

20 40 60 80 100 x
Explanatory variable

A) linear association B) nonlinear association C) no association

Answer: B

8
Use the scatter diagrams shown, labeled a through f to solve the problem.
15) In which scatter diagram is r = 0.01?
a b
y y
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 x

c d
y y
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x

e f
y y
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 x

A) f B) d C) e D) c
Answer: C

9
16) In which scatter diagram is r = 1?
a b
y y
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 x

c d
y y
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6

4 4
2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x

e f
y y
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 x

A) d B) b C) a D) f
Answer: B

9
 17) In which scatter diagram is r = -1?
a b
y y
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 x

c d
y y
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x

e f
y y
12 12

10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 x

A) f B) a C) d D) b
Answer: B

Find the value of the linear correlation coefficient r.

x 39.7 11.2 47.3 38.6 29.5
18)
y 2 9 10 10 4
A) -0.029 B) -0.033 C) 0.033 D) 0
Answer: B

x 57 53 59 61 53 56 60
19)
y 156 164 163 177 159 175 151
A) 0.214 B) -0.054 C) 0.109 D) -0.078
Answer: C

10
 x 62 53 64 52 52 54 58
20)
y 158 176 151 164 164 174 162
A) -0.081 B) -0.775 C) 0 D) 0.754
Answer: B

21) The paired data below consist of the test scores of 6 randomly selected students and the number of hours
they studied for the test.
Hours 5 10 4 6 10 9
Score 64 86 69 86 59 87
A) 0.224 B) -0.224 C) -0.678 D) 0.678
Answer: A

22) The paired data below consist of the costs of advertising (in thousands of dollars) and the number of
products sold (in thousands):
Cost 9 2 3 4 2 5 9 10
Number 85 52 55 68 67 86 83 73
A) -0.071 B) 0.235 C) 0.246 D) 0.708
Answer: D

23) The paired data below consist of the temperatures on randomly chosen days and the amount a certain
kind of plant grew (in millimeters):
Temp 62 76 50 51 71 46 51 44 79
Growth 36 39 50 13 33 33 17 6 16
A) 0 B) -0.210 C) 0.256 D) 0.196
Answer: D

24) A study was conducted to compare the average time spent in the lab each week versus course
grade for computer programming students. The results are recorded in the table below.
Number of hours spent in Grade (percent)
lab 10 96
11 51
16 62
9 58
7 89
15 81
16 46
10 51
A) 0.017 B) -0.284 C) -0.335 D) 0.462
Answer: C

25) Two different tests are designed to measure employee productivity and dexterity. Several employees are
randomly selected and tested with these results.
Productivity 23 25 28 21 21 25 26 30 34 36
Dexterity 49 53 59 42 47 53 55 63 67 75
A) 0.986 B) 0.471 C) -0.280 D) 0.115
Answer: A

11
 26) Managers rate employees according to job performance and attitude. The results for several randomly
selected employees are given below.
Performance 59 63 65 69 58 77 76 69 70 64
Attitude 72 67 78 82 75 87 92 83 87 78
A) 0.729 B) 0.863 C) 0.610 D) 0.916
Answer: B

27) Two separate tests are designed to measure a student's ability to solve problems. Several students are
randomly
selected to take both tests and the results are shown below.
Test A 48 52 58 44 43 43 40 51 59
Test B 73 67 73 59 58 56 58 64 74
A) 0.548 B) 0.109 C) 0.714 D) 0.867
Answer: D

Provide an appropriate
response.
28) Estimate the coordinates of the outlier on the graph.

A) (17, 4) B) (17, 9) C) (4, 17) D) (9,

17) Answer: D

29) How does the outlier affect the correlation coefficient?.

A) None of the above

B) The outlier reduces the correlation
coefficient. C) The outlier increases the
correlation coefficient.
D) The outlier has no effect on the correlation coefficient.
Answer: B

12
30) Write the coordinates of a point that would be an outlier on the following graph.

A) (12, 10) B) (25, 0) C) (23, 19) D) (7,

5) Answer: B

31) Write possible coordinates for the single outlier such that it would no longer be an outlier.

A) (25, 8) B) (8, 18) C) (8, 4) D) (8,

25) Answer: C

32) Write possible coordinates for both outliers so that neither would be an outlier.

A) (8, 6) and (16, 19) B) (8, 19) and (16, 10) C) (8, 0) and (16,0) D) (8, 6) and (16,
10) Answer: D

33) A variable that is related to either the response variable or the predictor variable or both, but which is
excluded from the analysis is a
A) lurking variable. B) random variable.
C) qualitative variable. D) discrete variable.
Answer: A

13
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

34) For a random sample of 100 American cities, the linear correlation coefficient between the number of
robberies last year and the number of schools in the city was found to be r = 0.725. What does this imply?
Does this suggest that building more schools in a city could lead to more robberies? Why or why not?
What is a likely lurking variable?
Answer: A positive correlation exists between the number of schools in a city and the number of robberies but
this is an example of correlation not causation. Building more schools is unlikely to lead to an
increase in robberies. A likely lurking variable is the population of the city and this lurking variable
accounts for the positive correlation. Larger cities tend to have both more schools and more
robberies.

35) For a random sample of 30 countries, the linear correlation coefficient between the infant mortality rate
and the average number of cars per capita was found to be r = -0.717. What does this imply? Does this
suggest that if people buy more cars, this could lower the infant mortality rate? Why or why not? What is
a likely lurking variable?
Answer: A negative correlation exists between the infant mortality rate and the number of cars per capita but
this
is an example of correlation not causation. If people buy more cars, this is unlikely to lead to a
decrease in
the infant mortality rate. A likely lurking variable is wealth and this lurking variable accounts for the
negative correlation. More affluent countries tend to have both more cars per capita and lower infant
mortality rates.

36) A random sample of 200 men aged between 20 and 60 was selected from a certain city. The linear
correlation coefficient between income and blood pressure was found to be r = 0.807. What does this
imply? Does this suggest that if a man gets a salary raise his blood pressure is likely to rise? Why or
why not? What are likely lurking variables?
Answer: A positive correlation exists between income and blood pressure but this is an example of
correlation not causation. An increase in salary is unlikely to lead to an increase in blood pressure.
Age and level of job stress are possible lurking variables and these lurking variables account for the
positive correlation.
Older men tend to have both higher blood pressures and higher incomes. Also men in high stress
jobs tend to have both higher blood pressures and higher incomes.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Select the best-fit line for the data on the scatter diagram. If none of the lines fit the data, write "none of the lines".
37) Select the best-fit line on the scatter diagram below.

A) B B) A C) C D) none of the
lines
Answer: C
14
38) Select the best-fit line on the scatter diagram below.

A) B B) C C) A D) none of the
lines
Answer: C

39) Select the best-fit line on the scatter diagram below.

A) B B) C C) A D) none of the
lines
Answer: D

40) Select the best-fit line on the scatter diagram below.

A) B B) C C) A D) none of the
lines
Answer: A

15
Answer the question using the value of r and the given best-fit line on the scatter diagram.
41)

The scatter diagram and best-fit line show the data for the price of a stock (y) and U.S. employment (x).
The correlation coefficient r is 0.8. Predict the stock price for an employment value of 5.
A) No valid prediction is possible. B) 4.9
C) 7 D) 5.9
Answer: D

42)

The scatter diagram and best-fit line show the data for the price of a stock (y) and U.S. employment (x).
The correlation coefficient r is 0.8. Predict the stock price for an employment value of 10.
A) 8 B) No valid prediction is
possible. C) 9.5 D) 8.5
Answer: B

43)

The scatter diagram and best-fit line show the data for the number of cars waiting by a school (y) and
the amount of time after the end of classes (x). The correlation coefficient r is -0.55. Predict the number
of cars at time 7 after the end of classes.
A) 5 B) No valid prediction is
possible. C) 5.5 D) 6
Answer: B

16
 44)

The scatter diagram and best-fit line show the data for price per item (y) and the availability of
that item (x). The correlation coefficient r is -0.95. Predict the price per item for an availability
of 3.
A) 8.8 B) 6.8
C) No valid prediction is possible. D) 7.8
Answer: D

Solve the problem.

45) The scatterplot and linear model below describe the prices of hot dogs and soft drinks at several football
stadiums. At the Georgia Dome, where the Atlanta Falcons play, the price of a hot dog is $5.50. Use the
linear model to predict the soft drink price. What is the actual price? Find the error in your prediction.
y
8
7
6
5
Soft drink price

4
(dollars)

3
2
1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
Hot dog price (dollars)

A) $5.50; $5.50; $0 B) $4.80; $6.50; $1.70 C) $4.50; $6.50; $2.00 D) $5.50; $6.50;
$1.00
Answer: B

17
46) The scatterplot and linear model below describe the prices of hot dogs and soft drinks at several
football stadiums. At Ford Field, where the Detroit Lions play, the price of a hot dog is $6.25. Use the
linear model to predict the soft drink price. What is the actual price? Find the error in your prediction.
y
8

7
6
5
Soft drink price

4
(dollars)

3
2
1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
Hot dog price (dollars)

A) $5.50; $5.50; $0 B) $7.25; $5.00 $2.25 C) $5.30; $5.00; $0.30 D) $5.25; $6.50;
$1.25
Answer: C

47) What is the x-intercept of the line?

y
8

-8 -4 4 8 x

-4

-8

A) (-2, 0) B) (0, 4) C) (0, -4) D) (2,

0) Answer: D

48) What is the y-intercept of the

line?
y
8

-8 -4 4 8 x

-4

-8

A) (4, 0) B) (0, 8) C) (-4, 0) D) (0, -

8) Answer: B
18