Passage 1

Researchers have devised a simple way to monitor wide paths of the landscape
without breaking a sweat: by listening to the "conversations" honeybees have with each
other. The scientists’ analysis of honeybee waggle dances reported in a journal Current
Biology suggest that costly measures to set aside agricultural lands and let the wildflowers
environment schemes to improve the rural landscape health and are required for all EU-
member states, says Margaret Couvillon at the University of Sussex. "However, there is
little evidence evaluating these schemes. Our work uses a novel source of data-the
honeybee, an organism that itself can benefit from a healthy rural landscape -to evaluate not
only the environment, but also the schemes used to manage that environment."
Couvillon and her colleagues recorded and decoded the waggle dances of bees in
three hives over a two-year period. Bees dance to tell their fellow bees where to find the
good stuff: the best nectar and pollen. The angle of their dances conveys information about
the direction of resources while the duration conveys distance. Researchers can measure
those dance characteristics in a matter of minutes with a protractor and timer.
In all, the researchers ‘cave dropped’ on 5,484 dances to find that the best food
within the 94 km2 of mixed urban-rural landscape included in the study-as far as bees and,
by extension, other insect pollinators are concerned-is a place called Castle Hill, which is
the only National Nature Reserve in the area. More broadly, High Level agri-environment
schemes were the best places for bees.
The researchers were surprised to find that Organic Entry Level agri-environment
schemes were the least frequented by bees. According to Couvillon, it may be that the
regular mowing required initially to discourage certain plants from growing in those plots
might leave few wildflowers for bees.
The study shows that honeybees can serve as bioindicators to monitors large land areas
and provide information relevant to better environmental management. It also gives new
meaning to the term "worker bee." "Imagine the time, manpower, and cost to survey such an
area on foot- to monitor nectar sources for quality and quantity of production, to count the
number of other flower-visiting insects to account for competition, and then to do this over and
over for two foraging years, "Couvillon says. "Instead, we have let the honeybees do the hard
work of surveying the landscape and integrating all relevant costs and then providing, through
their dance communication, this biologically relevant information about landscape quality."

1. Couvillon’s motivation stated in the last part of paragraph 5 is to emphasize that

A. evaluating land damage by humans is time-consuming to do.
B. bees in dance communicate the quality of land accurately.
C. employing honeybees in a landscape survey is economical.
D. using bees for land management is technologically sound.
E. bees are biologically born to survey damaged land.

2. To whom is most likely the reading intended?

A. Farmer.
B. Society.
C. Sociobiologist.
D. Businessman.
E. Environmentalist.

3. The paragraph following the passage most likely deals with

A. the accuracy and economy of honeybee landscape surveying.
 B. the characteristics of angle and duration of honeybee dances.
C. the method of honeybee training to become landscape surveyors.
D. studies to reveal why honeybees do not visit high level Agri-environment.
E. the relations between nectar produced by honeybees and environment health.

4. What is the main idea in the second paragraph?

A. The researchers observed the dance behavior of honeybees to set the direction and
remoteness of their food source.
B. The researchers utilized honeybee dances to investigate the bee’s preference on
types of flowers as a nectar source.
C. The technology to interpret honeybee dances was available so that researchers
could detect the location of lowers.
D. It is easy to reveal the meaning of honeybee dances to identify the distance of their
food source.
E. Identifying honeybees' food source needed a careful observation on their dance
behavior.

Passage 2

Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the digestion
process. This is normal and it happens to everybody. However, if sleepiness occurs every
time after eating and obstructs your ability to function, this may be a concern. Sleepiness
after eating is caused by many factors, such as the type of food you consume, messy sleeping
habits, your health condition and so forth. The body requires energy to function and this
energy is obtained through food. Post-eating, the body releases hormones such as amylin,
glucagon and cholecystokinin. These hormones increase blood sugar levels, creating a feeling
of fullness and producing insulin that will be streamed through cell tissues and provide
energy for them. At the same time, the brain releases serotonin that causes drowsiness.
Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the hormone
that is responsible for sleepiness post-meal. Some foods that are rich in protein, such as meat,
poultry, eggs, fish, spinach, tofu, cheese and soybeans can trigger more drowsiness than
others. Additionally, foods containing carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and
tryptophan amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating
carbohydrate-rich foods.
Overeating can also cause sleepiness. Post-meal, the body streams more blood to the
digestive system to better digest foods in massive amounts. This causes a temporary blood
and nutrients shortage in the brain. To prevent post-meal drowsiness, it’s better to eat a
balanced diet containing vegetables, grains and good fats to provide continuous energy. Drink
lots of water and limit your sugar intake.
Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal, the body
feels full and relaxed, making the body feel like it is resting, resulting in a feeling of
sleepiness, particularly if you didn’t get a good night’s sleep the night before. To avoid this,
improve your sleeping habits to prevent stress. Engaging in regular physical exercise can help
you get a good night’s sleep. It is recommended that you avoid napping if you are having
trouble sleeping at night.
5. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To discuss the amount of food to consume so as not to feel sleepy
B. To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after eating
C. To argue the effect of eating too much foods for the brain
 D. To tell the readers the benefit of eating certain foods
E. To investigate what causes drowsiness after overeating
6. By writing the sentences in paragraph 2, the author intends to tell the readers about….
A. foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, eggs, fish, tofu, cheese and soybeans can
generate more drowsiness
B. overeating protein and carbohydrate-rich foods obstructs your brain’s ability to
function well
C. the reason why carbohydrate-rich foods make you feel sleepy
D. food combinations containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates make you
feel drowsy
E. the hormone melatonin production in the brain is responsible for sleepiness after
eating
7. It can be predicted from the passage that….
A. the finer you manage your sleep, the more lethargic you feel
B. the more fish you eat, the better it is for the brain
C. the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy
D. the less meat you eat, the more you will feel drowsy
E. the less you consume protein and carbohydrates, the better it is for the body

Passage 3

The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially
true in the construction industry. Today’s buzzwords, which include global warming and zero
emission, are causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint.
Purchasing environmentally-friendly property is a good investment for those who are
concerned about their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire
districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with green initiatives in mind.
Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada is one of these communities. Its goal
is to become the world’s first zero-emissions neighbourhood.
Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they
make. They ensure proper ventilation, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Interior
and exterior building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. Eco-
conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it is durable and does not require
pesticides to grow.
Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities, such as Dockside
Green. Not only do energy-efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental
impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money.
Dockside Green claims that homeowners will use 55% less energy than average residents in
Canada. Though they are sharing space by investing in condo-style living, residents will have
individual utility metres. Studies show that people use approximately 20% less energy when
they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is treated at Dockside Green and
reused on site for flushing toilets.
Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into
account. Dockside Green will reuse 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue
using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to
reduce emissions. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transit system
and buy into the community’s car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-
tech heating system that will use renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels.

8. By saying “Today’s buzzwords, which include global warming and zero emission, are
causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint” in the third
sentence, the author implies that …
A. Environmental issues have made people more cautions of their actions
B. Global warming and zero emissions become everyone’s concern
C. People have to take care of their greenhouses carefully.
D. Eco-friendly environmental programs should be strongly enforced.
E. All people around the world are aware of global warming.

9. Which of the following best restates the sentences “The green movement is catching
on in many pockets of the world.” In line 1?
A. Many people consider it crucial to have eco-friendly environments.
B. People who are aware of environmental issues love safe and healthy surroundings.
C. House designers should consider the importance of good materials.
D. Everyone should understand the effect of global warming and zero emissions well.
E. Environmentalists are concerned with the green environment.

10. The false idea that the author may hold about Dockside Green is that…
A. It is where more natural living can exist.
B. It provides all eco-friendly properties.
C. It encourages all houses to utilize efficient energy.
D. It is a good asset to buy a property in it.
E. It reduces global warming and emissions.

11. The author organizes the idea in the passage by …

A. Describing a new construction trend and providing detailed example.
B. Describing an environment issue and providing ways to solve the issue.
C. Identifying a community problem and discussing possible solutions to the problem.
D. Explaining an environmentally friendly initiative and discussing the impacts of
initiative.
E. Establishing a new community initiative that is eco-friendly and explaining the
initiative

Passage 4

Before engineers dreamed of eliminating drivers in cars, they imagined eliminating the side
mirrors. Now a long-sought solution looks closer to finally stripping cars of side mirrors.
Many automakers demonstrate video systems that replace the Mickey Mouse ears with
cameras. Continental, a major parts and systems supplier to automakers, was one of them.
In a customized Mercedes-Benz CLS, Continental demonstrated how its system
would work. Thumb-size video cameras on the exterior of the car replace the side-mounted
mirrors and use interior screens on the left and right side of the dashboard to deliver views of
what is next to and behind the car. The screens are near where a driver would normally look
to check a mirror, and the camera views are wider than what a physical mirror can provide,
eliminating blind spots along the side of the car. The cameras, which can automatically adjust
to reduce glare from sunlight or increase brightness at night, are also helpful in tight parking
spots.
Technology suppliers hope that regulations requiring old-fashioned physical mirrors
will be amended. Philipp Hoffmann, BMW’s project manager for camera monitor systems
expected to begin road testing of the mirrorless systems in Europe this year, quickly followed
by additional testing in Asia. He remained hopeful that the United States would follow soon.
He may have a good reason to be optimistic. Daimler AG, parent company of
Mercedes-Benz, is already testing a couple of autonomous tractor-trailers in Nevada that use
large high-definition screens instead of side mirrors. Also, BMW recently received an
exemption from the Transportation Department in the U.S. to allow it to deploy an automatic
parking feature that enables a BMW 7 Series car to park itself, while the driver stands on the
curb. It is a feature the company demonstrated only a year ago.
Using cameras instead of physical mirrors could also end dangling damaged mirrors.
To replace a typical mirror can be expensive as much as $946 on a 2015 Acura RLX,
according to the insurance institute. However, Mr. McConnell at Continental noted potential
savings in building cars that no longer need the structural support for side-mounted mirrors.

12. How is the last sentence of paragraph 3 related to paragraph 4?

A. The last sentence of paragraph 3 describes the regulation in implementing the
technology in the U.S. and the following paragraph elaborates it.
B. The sentence discusses the possibility for the technology to be implemented in the
U.S. and the following paragraph explains the reason for the possibility.
C. The sentence states Philipp Hoffman’s idea about eliminating drivers in car and the
following paragraph elaborates the idea.
D. Paragraph 4 provides an example to support the idea about the implementation of
Mercedes-Benz technology mentioned in the previous sentence.
E. Paragraph 4 explicates Continental’s sense of optimism provided in the last sentence
of paragraph 3.

13. The author’s description on the replacement of side mirrors by a camera is relevant
with which of the following?
A. Manual handle window replaced by the automatic type.
B. A finger print sliding door replaced by an automatic one
C. A manual camera replaced by a digital camera.
D. Cash payment replaced by credit cards
E. A laptop replaced by a desktop.

14. Mentioning the testing of the use of large high-definition screens by Daimler AG in
paragraph 4, the author holds the assumption that ….
A. Mr. Hoffmann will get permission to use mirrorless system in the USA in the near
future.
B. Companies should have demonstrated the new system with cameras one year ahead.
C. In less than a year, the mirrorless system will be very popular among people in USA.
D. US regulations on the mirrorless system was released to public a year ago.
E. The system using cameras will just need a year to be applied in the USA

15. The author describes the economic efficiency of the mirrorless system most
effectively in paragraph …
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5