APPLICATION LABORATORY II

Sherina Sally

Flow Control Department of ICT

Faculty of Technology,
University of Colombo

OUTLINE
• Decision Making Statements

• Iterative Statements
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DECISION MAKING
• Checks for the validity of a condition

• Branches for many levels depending on the initial condition

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• Indentation is useful to represent a block of code

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if STATEMENT
Single if condition: Alternative else condition:

if x > 5: if x > 5:
print(“x is greater than 5”) print(“x is greater than 5”)
else:
print(“x is less than 5”)
if x > 5: print(“x is greater than 5”)
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Ultimate else condition:

Alternative elif condition:
if x > 2:
if x > 2: print(“x is greater than 2”)
print(“x is greater than 2”) elif x > 0:
elif x > 0: print(“x is greater than 0”)
print(“x is greater than 0”) else:
print(“x is less than 0”)

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CONDITIONAL EXPRESSION
• Known as the Ternary Operator

• Short hand method of writing a “if-else” condition

• The “if-else” condition is placed in one line

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• Interpretation is similar to the natural language

• Useful if there exists only one statement to be executed after each condition: if, elif, else

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#if-else in a single line

print(“x is greater than 5”) if x > 5 else print(“x is less than 5”)

#if-elif-else in a single line

print(“Excellent”) if x > 70 else print(“Satisfactory”) if x > 40 else print(“Fail”)

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3
NESTED if STATEMENT
• Insert an “if” statement within another “if” statement

if x >= 10:
if x <= 15:

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print(“x is a number between 10 and 15”)
else:
print(“x is greater than 15”)
else:
print(“x is less than 10”)

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pass STATEMENT
• The body of a conditional statement, function, class cannot be empty

• Works as a placeholder with no operation performed

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if x > 5:
pass

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ITERATIVE STATEMENTS
• Iterates until a condition is unsatisfactory or iterates over a sequence

• Looping statements:

• while statement: The loop iterates until a condition becomes False

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• for statement: The loop iterates over all the items in a sequence

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while LOOP
x = 2
while x < 10:
print(x)
x += 2
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2
4
6
8
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for LOOP

for x in “Pet”: for x in [“red”, “blue”, “yellow”]:

print(x) print(x)

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P red
e blue
yellow
t
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NESTED for LOOP

for x in [“red”, “blue”]:

for y in [“hat”, “scarf”]:
print(x, y)
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red hat
red scarf
blue hat
blue scarf
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break STATEMENT
• Terminates from the existing loop and moves to the next statement

for x in ‘programming’:

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if x == ‘g’:
break
print(x)

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continue STATEMENT
• Ignores the statements of the current iteration and continues with the next iteration

for x in ‘programming’:
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if x == ‘g’:
continue
print(x)

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range()
incremental
• Iterates over a set number of times start factor

• The default behavior:

• Starting number: 0 for x in range(10, 30, 5):

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• Incremental factor: 1
print(x)

• The starting number, ending number and the incremental factor can be controlled

for x in range(30):
print(x)
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else STATEMENT IN LOOPS

• Executes a block of code after the occurrence of the loop

for x in range(30):
print(x)
else:
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print(“End of printing numbers 0-30”)

x = 0
while x < 5:
print(x)
else:
print(“x is now 5”)

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Department of ICT, Faculty of Technology, University of Colombo