Chapter 6

Conclusion and Future Scope

6.1 Conclusion

We have seen from simulation result that equalizer frequency response is exact
inverse of channel frequency response, means channel frequency response is low
pass so equalizer frequency response is high pass. Equalizer is uses to remove ISI
(Intersymbol Interference) and ISI is easily observed through eye diagram (eye
opening is maximum, ISI is minimum or no ISI). Hence in simulation result of ZFE
(Zero-forcing Equalizer), we can easily observe through eye diagram that ISI
removes. And also we can observe that frequency response of equalizer (high pass)
which is exact inverse of frequency response of channel (low pass).

In MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) we can observe that by increasing

value of Eb/No, eye opening is increasing and hence better result. Also it can
observe that by increasing value of Eb/No mean square error (MSE) decreases. Also
at zero noise case MMSE algorithms result is equal to ZFE algorithm.

In LMS algorithm we can observe that if we use larger delta (step size) value it
has faster convergence but less stability but if we use smaller delta value hence
slower convergence but good stability. RLS has more rapid convergence than LMS.

ZFE and MMSE uses for QPSK and Pi/4 DQPSK (IS-54 modulation scheme)
Equalization.
 Conclusion and Future Scope

6.2 Future Scope

In this thesis I have simulated some channel equalizer algorithms like ZFE,
MMSE, LMS, and RLS. Also I have uses that algorithms of equalization for QPSK
and Pi/4 DQPSK modulation scheme. Now further developing more equalization
algorithm like MLSE and other non-linear algorithms can extend my work. Also
we can try for other modulation scheme and also we can have different channel
models. Also multipath effects can be introduced to channel.

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