Stoicism is a philosophical school of thought that originated in ancient Greece

around the 3rd century BC and gained prominence in the Roman Empire. It
emphasizes the importance of living a virtuous life in accordance with reason and
nature while maintaining emotional and mental resilience in the face of life's
challenges and uncertainties. Stoicism teaches that individuals should focus on
what they can control—mainly their own thoughts, actions, and attitudes—while
accepting with equanimity those aspects of life that are beyond their control.

Stoics advocate for the development of self-discipline, wisdom, and moral integrity
as a means to achieve inner tranquility and contentment. They emphasize the
distinction between things that are up to us (such as our beliefs, desires, and
reactions) and things that are not up to us (external events and circumstances). By
cultivating a mindset that aligns with nature and reason, Stoics believe individuals
can attain a state of eudaimonia, often translated as "flourishing" or "fulfillment,"
regardless of external conditions.

Key figures in Stoicism include Zeno of Citium, the founder of the school; Epictetus, a
former slave who emphasized the importance of controlling one's reactions; and
Seneca, a Roman statesman and philosopher known for his practical writings on
Stoic ethics. Stoicism has left a lasting impact on Western philosophy and continues
to be relevant as a source of guidance for leading a virtuous and meaningful life.