MECH 4-6 (RC) S.E. (Mech.) (Sem. — IV) (Revised 2007-08) Examination, June 2012 ENERGY CONVERSION Duration : 3 Hours Total Marks : 100 Instructions : 1) Answer five questions in all selecting at least one question from each Module. 2) Assume missing data if any. 3) Use of thermodynamics charts and steam table is permitted. MODULE -| A) Write a short nété‘on “MPF”. B) Define volumetric efficiency. Briefly discuss pumping and rubbing friction loss. C) A petrol engine uses fuel of calorific value 43000 kJ¢hr and has specific gravity of 0.75. The brake thermal efficiency of 25% and mechanical efficiency of 75%. If engine develops 50 kW, calculate (a) the fuel consumption in litres per hour and (b) the indicated thermal efficiency. (6+747) » . A) How the variation of specific heats takes place with temperature ? What is. the physical explanation of variation of specific heats ? B) With neat sketch explain the working principle of simple carburetor. C) The air-fuel ratio of a diesel engine is 28. If the compression ratio is 18.5 and the temperature at the end of compression is 1073 K, find at what cylinder volume the combustion is complete ? Express this volume as percentage of stroke. Assume that the combustion begins at the top dead centre and takes place at constant pressure. Take calorific value of the fuel as 42000 kJ/kg, R =0.287 kJikg K and C, = 1 + 0.000028 T kJ/kg. K. (5+5+10) P.T.0.MECH 4-6 (RC) 2 (2200 MODULE - II 3. A) What is supercharging ? How is it achieved ? What are the objects of supercharging ? B) What do you understand by ignition ? What relation ignition has with combustion ? C) What do you mean by turbocharging ? How is it achieved ? D) Explain the reasons for looking alternate fuels for IC engines. (7444544) a A) Explain the phenomenon of knockin SI Engine. 5) What are the homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures ? What are the stages of Cl engine combustion ? C) What are the main objectives of supercharging ? D) What is delay period and what are the factors that affect the delay period ? (4464446) ‘ee MODULE - II 2 A) State the limitations experienced in evaluation of frictional Power using Willan’s line method. B) Derive an expression for air flow rate measurement by air box method. C) Agasoline engine working on four stroke develops a brake power of 20.9 kW. A morse was conducted on this engine and the brake power (kW) obtained when each cylinder was made inoperative by short circuiting the spark plug are 14.9, 14.3, 14.8 and 14.5 respectively. The test was conducted at ‘constant ‘speed. Find the indicated power, mechanical efficiency and BMEP when all the cylinders are firing. The bore of the engine is 75 mm and the ‘stroke is 90 mm. The engine is running at 3000 rpm. (545410) 2 . Ina test of an oil engine under full load condition the following results were obtained. Indicated power = 31 kW Brake power = 26 kw Fuel used = 7 kg/h Rate of flow of water through gas calorimeter = 10 kg/min Cooling water flow rate = 5 kg/min Calorific value of the fuel = 42 MJ/kg Danons7 Inlet temperature of cooling water = 25° C 8 Outlet temperature of cooling water = 78° C 9 Inlet temperature of water to exhaust gas calorimeter = 25° C 10 Outlet temperature of the exhaust gas calorimeter = 57°C 11 Final temperature of exhaust gas = 80° C 12 Room temperature = 27° C 13 Air-fuel ratio on mass basis = 18 14 Mean specific heat of exhaust gas = 1 kJ/kg.K 15 Specific heat of water = 4.18 kd/kg.K Draw up a heat balance sheet and estimate the thermal and mechanical efficiencies. MODULE - IV 7. A) Explain air cooling system. B) Describe any one of the lubricating system used in IC engines, with the help of neat sketch. C) Discuss the emissions from diesel engines. On what factors these emissions depend? (74746) 8. A) Compare diesel engine and gasoline engine emissions. B) Define propulsive power and propulsive efficiency. C) A turbojet aircraft flies with a velocity of 300 m/s at an altitude where the air is at 0.35 bar and ~40°C. The compression has a pressure ratio of 10, and the temperature of the gases at the turbine inlet is 1100°C. Air enters the compressor at the rate of 50 kg/S. Estimate (a) the temperature and pressure of the gases at the turbine exit, (b) the velocity of gases at the nozzle exit, 3 MECH 4-6 (RC) and (c) the propulsive efficiency of the cycle. (444412)