ASSIGNMENT NO.

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Educational Leadership and Management - 8605

Syed Ali Saboor Zaidi

0000401127 - Autumn 2022
Q1. Explain the functions of administration and discuss the scope of Islamic
administration.

The Principles of Administrative Mentality in Islamic Civilization:

Administration has come until today as a phenomenon from the time of the Prophet Adam (as). It
is seen as one of the most basic needs of humanity, because the innate nature of humans requires
an efficient administration, and many natural events, which we can call the innate nature of the
universe, also teach us the administrative mentality.

To be able to define a system as an administration, these four elements must be together:

● A particular thought system

● A community that gathers around this thought system
● The goals to be pursued, and the aims to be achieved, which are proper to the thought
system
● A leader, or administrator, who coordinates and organizes all these elements in a
particular way of relationship and balance and ensures supervision.

Now, in consideration of the elements mentioned above, we can evaluate the administrative
mentality of Islamic civilization as follows:

● Our thought system is Islam which we describe as “greater humanity” and the borders of
which are drawn by the Islamic scholars.
● Our community – currently – is the 2-billion Muslim ummah.
● Our aim and purpose are to secure the happiness of the two worlds, make justice
prevalent under the sun, establish the order of the world, and raise the perfect human.
And many others can be mentioned here.
● Our leader, administrator, is the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and, after his passing away,
the Khalifah who is charged with the Prophet’s duties except prophethood and represents
him.

Before we continue with the principles of administrative mentality, I would like to quote two
hadiths that form the backbone of Islam’s administrative mentality:

● “The master [leader] of a people [nation] is the one who serves them.”
● “All of you are shepherds and each of you is responsible for his flock. The amir [leader]
of a people is a shepherd and he is responsible for his flock. A man is the shepherd of the
people of his house and he is responsible for his flock. A woman is the shepherd of the

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 house of her husband and she is responsible. A man’s servant is the shepherd of his
master’s property and he is responsible for it. Each of you is a shepherd and each of you
is responsible for his flock.”

The Principles of Administrative Mentality in Islam:

The administrative mentality in Islam is based on five elements: Trust, Justice, Merit,
Consultation, and Legitimacy. Islamic scholars stated that the administrations that are formed
based on these elements are ‘legitimate.’

Trust:

Trust means “confidence, uprightness, a thing put into someone’s protection.” As a term it has
got the meaning that the position of service and authority is entrusted to the administrator’s
protection, and these positions can be protected by confidence and uprightness.
In Islamic civilizations, administration is not only entrusted to administrators. The administrator
is also held responsible for checking the administrator. It is the aim of an ideal society that the
administration is both entrusted to the administrator and the administered. In a narration, it is
said that the best of the jihads is to say the truth to the face of the tyrant ruler. When he became
the Khalifah, Abu Bakr (ra) said, “Warn me if I stray from justice.” Upon this, the companions
said, “We correct you with our swords.” Omar (ra) said when he became the Khalifah: “O
people! Obey me as long as I obey Allah and our Prophet. If I stray from the right path, correct
me with your swords.”

The following event beautifully shows the understanding of trust and reliability in Islam:

When Omar (ra) was the Khalifah, a companion came to his office. He said ‘assalamu alaikum’
and sat down. But Omar (ra) did not return the greeting at that moment. He was busy with his
work, so the companion waited. Having not looked at the face of the companion, Omar (ra)
finished his work and put out the candle. Then he lit another candle and started talking by
returning the greeting of the companion. The companion asked: O Omar! Why didn’t you
return my greeting at once and why did you start talking to me after putting out one candle
and lighting another one?

Omar (ra) replied: The first candle was bought with the state treasury. If I busied myself
with personal affairs while it was burning, I would be held responsible in the sight of Allah.
Since we would not talk about state affairs with you, I lit the candle which I bought with

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my own money and then I started to talk to you.

Justice:

Imam Bediuzzaman Said Nursi evaluated the concept of justice in two ways: the positive justice,
which is to give the rightholder his due; and the negative justice, which is to discipline the
wrongful.

Legal arrangements have come into existence with the need for protecting the human honour.
The humanity has always been in search of being governed with justice; and the justice has been
accepted as the basis of the state. Prophets and holy books were sent to secure the justice. Allah
(swt) has commanded people to be just: “Indeed, Allah orders justice and good conduct and
giving to relatives and forbids immorality and bad conduct and oppression.” (Nahl, 16:90)

Another verse from the Qur’an about this subject is as follows: “O you who have believed, be
persistently standing firm for Allah , witnesses in justice, and do not let the hatred of a people
prevent you from being just. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness. And fear Allah; indeed,
Allah is acquainted with what you do.” (Ma’idah, 5:8)

In a narration it is said that the most beloved and the closest person to Allah in the Doomsday is
the just ruler, and the person whom Allah torments most and keeps away from Himself is the
tyrant ruler.

Kınalızade Ali Efendi wrote in his Ahlak-ı Alai, “Justice exists with state, state exists with land,
land with soldier, soldier with treasury, treasury with subject (folk), and folk exists with justice.”
What draws attention here is that Kınalızade links the justice of the state to the justice of the folk
which is formed by individuals’ coming together. This understanding is exactly in line with the
hadith “You are governed how you are,” and with the sentence “Let the human live so that the
state lives.”The Islamic civilization has developed its “view of justice” based on the
understanding mentioned above. The proof for this is the thousands of just administrators in the
1400-year Islamic civilization. I will mention a striking event that occurred between the Ottoman
Sultan ‘Fatih Sultan Mehmed’ and a Greek architect:

The sultan entrusts two marble columns that will be used for the Fatih Mosque to the Architect
Sinan Atik, who is originally a Greek. Sinan shortens the columns. The sultan gets angry for that
and orders to punish him by cutting the architect's hand. The architect wants to claim his right
against the sultan. The first kadi (judge) of Istanbul, Sarı Hızır Çelebi accepts and files the claim.
When the sultan is summoned, he likes to sit down but the judge does not allow him to sit down.
“Sir! You are going to face the complainant before the law,” he says. The sultan stands together

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with the complainant at the court. When his plea is asked, the sultan accepts his mistake. The
judge declares the sultan as guilty because of what he has done and decides to punish him with
the same thing he has done for the architect which means his hand will be cut off. Those present
are all shocked. It is such an extraordinary situation that the architect’s hands and feet begin to
tremble. Finally, when he comes to his senses, he goes down on his knees to the sultan and says,
“I withdraw the lawsuit. I am dwarfed before the greatness of Islam’s justice. I cannot risk being
cursed till the Doomsday by making the hand of such a world conqueror cut.” But the judge
decides the sultan to pay compensation. And the sultan pays it from his own money.

When the case is finished and everyone is gone, the sultan pulls out an iron bar and says to the
judge, “If you had not decided to cut my hand according to the rules of Islam, I would be
smashing your head with this bar.” And the judge takes out his mace and replies, “If you had not
accepted my decision because you are the sultan, I swear, I would kill you with this.”

Merit (suitability, capability):

It means “being worthy of, suitability, capability, competence.” In Islamic civilization, the
following five elements have vital importance in terms of an administrator or leader having the
merit: ‘ilm, taqwa, akhlaq, cability to govern, and justice.

Allah (swt) shows Adam (as)’s suitability for being the Khalifah on the earth with regard to his
scholarly superiority. By teaching all of the names, Allah (swt) showed that Adam (as) – and the
humanity in his person – is superior, under certain conditions, to the angel and is suitable for
being the Khalifah of the earth.

If an administrator does not have taqwa, that is, if he is not afraid of Allah (swt), his ‘ilm
(knowledge) has no validity. Because someone who cannot apply his knowledge to his life
cannot be appointed as an administrator.

Moreover, the most important characteristic that an administrator should have while leading the
Muslims is the moral, or akhlaq. Only one example is enough for this matter. Our Lord, Allah
(swt), addressed our Prophet (pbuh) in a verse: “So by mercy from Allah, [O Muhammad], you
were lenient with them. And if you had been rude [in speech] and harsh inheart, they would have
disbanded from you.” (Al ‘Imran, 3:159)

Giving the job to the competent is actually a matter of foresight and intuition. Our Master,
Muhammad (pbuh), had these both and did the right thing while taking his most loyal friend Abu
Bakr (ra) with him during the emigration to Madina; choosing Cafar b. Abu Talib as the head of
the group he sent to Habashistan; sending Mus‘ab b. Umayr (ra) to Madina as the first murshid,

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or guide; leaving Ali (ra) in his bed before beginning his emigration to Madina; and leaving
Abbas (ra) in Makka for intelligence. He charged them according to their skills, and all of them
did their best and fulfilled their duty thoroughly.

Similarly, it is a good example that just a short time before his death our Prophet (pbuh)
appointed 17- year-old Usama bin Zayd (ra) as the commander of the military expedition to Syria
among all the other companions. It has been understood how much our Master (pbuh) gave
importance to the skill while giving a mission. In this way, both the duties are fulfilled
successfully and the companions felt at peace by being successful in doing their duties.
Abu Zar (ra) narrated:

I asked, “Oh the Messenger of Allah, would you not assign me [as an official]. He said to me, “O
Abu Dharr, I see that you are weak and I like for you what I like for myself. Do not rule over
(even) two persons, and do not manage an orphan’s property.”

Muslim leader, or administrator, must get the rightful weak’s due from the powerful oppressor;
strengthen the weak, that is, establish the justice. Abu Bakr (ra) told in his sermon: “The weak
among you is the strongest beside me in case of being rightful; the strongest is the weakest
beside me in case of being wrongful.”

Let’s finish the subject of merit with the words of Omar (ra) and Imam Bediuzzaman.

Omar (ra) said: “The administration can only be achieved with a discipline that does not cause
oppression; gentleness that does not cause weakness; generosity that does not cause
extravagance; and frugality that does not cause stinginess.”

Imam Bediuzzaman said: “Oh the class of the high! We, the common people and the people of
the madrasa, demand our rights from you. We ask you to confirm your promise with your action,
not to excuse yourselves with the mistakes of others, not refer the works to each others, not to be
lazy with the works in your responsibility, to make up for the opportunities missed because of
you, to listen to our affairs, consult with us about our matters, to disturb your comfort a bit, and
ask after us!”

Consultation (Istishara):

Mash‘ar is the beehive, shura is the honeycomb, mishwar is the spatula for gathering the honey,
and istishara is to gather the honey. (Mütercim Asım Efendi, Kamus Translation)

Holding a consultation with each other and making a decision about things, and then continuing

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accordingly is called “istishara.” It is one of the fundamentals of Islamic administration. The
verse 42:38 (“…whose affair is [determined by] consultation among themselves…”) was
revealed at the period of Makka, when the Islamic State (in Madina) was not established yet. It is
emphasized in the verses of the Qur’an that the understanding of consultation should direct life.

“…And if they both desire weaning through mutual consent from both of them and consultation,
there is no blame upon either of them….” (Baqarah, 2:233)

“…and consult them on the matter. And when you have decided, then rely upon Allah….” (Al
‘Imran, 3:159)

It is known that as Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) commanded the Muslims to consult with each
other, he himself consulted with his companions about general or private things. As a matter of
fact, the Prophet (pbuh) took every decision that was crucial in the fight for survival of the first
Muslim community by consulting with his community. Various stages of the battles of Badr,
Uhud and the Trench; the Baiatul ridwan and the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah are some of the
examples.

When the verse 3:159 (“…consult them in the matter…”) was revealed, the Prophet (pbuh) said:
“Know that neither Allah nor His Messenger needs counsel. However, Allah made mercy on my
ummah. Whoever hold consultation among them does not remain deprived of goodness, and
whoever gives up consultation cannot escape mistakes.”

Imam Bediuzzaman strongly emphasizes the importance of consultation:

“The key to Muslims’ happiness in Islamic social life is the mutual consultation enjoined by the
Shari’a. The verse, “Whose rule is consultation among themselves.” [Qur’an 42:38] orders
consultation as a fundamental principle. Just as the consultation of the ages and centuries that
mankind has practised by means of history, a conjunction of ideas, formed the basis of the
progress and sciences of all mankind, so too one reason for the backwardness of Asia, the largest
continent, was the failure to practise that true consultation

Q2. What is management and discuss its importance?

Management is an Economic Factor:

For an economist, management is one of the factors of production together with land, labor, and
capital. As the industrialization of a nation increases, the need for management becomes greater.
The managerial resources of a firm determine, in large measure, its productivity and profitability.
Executive development, therefore, is more important for those firms in a dynamic industry in
which progress is rapid.

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Management is a System of Authority:
From an administrator’s point of view, management is a system of authority. Historically,
management first developed an authoritarian philosophy. Later on, it turned paternalistic.
Still, later, constitutional management emerged, characterized by a concern for consistent
policies and procedures for dealing with the working group. Finally, the trend of management
turned towards a democratic and participatory approach. Modern management is nothing but a
synthesis of these four approaches to authority.

Management is a Class and Status System:

As viewed by a sociologist, management is a class-and-status system. The increase in the
complexity of relationships in modern society demands that managers become elite of brain and
education. Entry into this class of executives is being more and more dependent on excellence in
education and knowledge rather than family or political connections. Some scholars view this
development as a “Managerial Revolution”. But you might have a different point of view about
management but the purpose of it remains static; reach the goal effectively and efficiently.
It is a set of activities directed at an organization’s resources to achieve organizational goals
efficiently and effectively. The basic managerial functions or activities are planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling. These activities are undertaken by the managers to combine all
resources (human, financial, physical, information) efficiently and effectively to work toward
achieving the goals of the organization. So, we can say that the nature of management is;
Management as a systematic process of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing,
leading, and controlling. The concepts and activities of management apply to all levels of
management, as well as to all types of organizations and activities managed. The aim of all
managers is universal: to create a surplus. Management identifies a special group of people
whose job is to direct the effort and activities of other people towards common objectives.
Management is concerned with productivity, thereby implying efficiency and effectiveness.
Factors of production of an organization such as labor, capital, land, equipment, etc. are used
efficiently and effectively prepared through management for achieving organizational goals.
Management has to pay attention to fulfilling the objectives of the interested parties.
Management is the art and science of getting work done by other peoples. “Maximum results
with the minimum of efforts” is the motto of management of any organization. Management as a
concept has broadened in scope with the introduction of new perspectives by different fields of
study, such as economics, sociology, psychology and the like.

Features of Management:
Management is the process of setting and reaching goals effectively and efficiently. Management

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process has some qualities or features;

● Management is Associated with Group Efforts

● Management is Purposeful
● Management is Accomplished Through the Efforts of Others
● Management is Goal-oriented
● Management is Indispensable
● Management is Intangible
● Management can Ensure Better Life
● features of management

Management is Goal-oriented:
Managers focus their attention and efforts on bringing about successful action. Successful
managers have an urge for accomplishment.
They know when and where to start, what to do with keeping things moving, and how to follow a
goal-oriented approach.

Management is Purposeful:
Wherever there is management, there is a purpose. Management deals with the achievement of
something definite expressed as a goal or objective.Management success is commonly measured
by the extent to which objectives are achieved. Management exists because it is an effective
means of getting the necessary work accomplished.

Management is Associated with Group Efforts:

It is usual to associate management with a group. Although people as individuals manage many
personal affairs, the group emphasis on management is universal.Every enterprise entails the
existence of a group to achieve goals. It is now established that goals are achieved more readily
by a group than by any one person alone.

Management is Accomplished Through the Efforts of Others:

Management is sometimes defined as “getting things done through others’ efforts.” Besides the
manager of a firm, there may be accountants, engineers, system analysts, salesmen and a host of
other employees working but it is the manager’s job to integrate all their activities.Thus it can
well be said that participation in management necessitates relinquishing the normal tendency to
perform all things oneself and getting tasks accomplished through group efforts.

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Management is Intangible:
Management is often called the unseen force; its presence is evidenced by the results of its
efforts – motivation among employees, discipline in the group, high productivity, adequate
surplus, etc.Conversely, the identity of management may also be felt by its absence or by the
presence of its direct opposite mismanagement. The consequence of mismanagement is
anybody’s guess.

Management is Indispensable:
Management can neither be replaced nor substituted by anything else. Even the computer which
is the wonderful invention of the twentieth century can only aid but not replace management.
We know that the computer is an extremely powerful tool for management. It can widen a
manager’s vision and sharpen his insight by supplying more and faster information for making
key decisions.The computer has enabled the manager to conduct analysis far beyond the normal
analytical capacities of man.But what happens, in reality, is that the computer can neither work
by itself nor can it pass any judgment. The manager plays his/her role by providing judgment and
imagination as well as interpreting and evaluating what the information/data mean in each case.

Management can Ensure Better Life:

A manager can do much to improve the work environment, stimulate people to perform better,
achieve progress, bring hope and accomplish better things in life. The study of management has
evolved into more than just the use of means to achieve ends; today it includes moral and ethical
questions concerning the selection of the right ends towards which managers should strive.
Management is the science and art of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and
objectives by coordinating and integrating all available resources efficiently and effectively.

Q3. Explain the different types of supervision. Which type is better for our schools and
why? Discuss.

Types of Supervision Available in Education

Brief outlines of the five types of supervision available in education are discussed in this article.
The types are:

● Inspection
● Absolute Freedom
● Compulsion Type
● Training and Direction
● Democratic Leadership.

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Inspection:
This is the first and foremost function of supervision that classes are to be inspected by the
inspecting officers. It may be the headmaster of the concerned school or school inspector. This is
the first supervision in the sense that the teacher becomes alert about his duties and
responsibilities after being sure that his duties can be inspected all of sudden when he is in the
classroom. So this type of supervision activates the teacher to have proper readiness to deliver
good teaching in the classroom.

Besides, there are teachers who don’t discharge their duties properly after knowing all these
things. And it has been seen that they are penalized for not taking the class in time. On
thecontrary the sincere teachers are rewarded for rendering proper duties and responsibilities.
This type of supervision is acceptable in almost all the developed countries of the world till now
because of its balanced and positive effect on all the elements which are closely associated with
it.

Absolute Freedom:
This type of supervision gives absolute freedom to the teachers to deliver their teaching in his
own light that he feels is best for his students. There is no hard and fast rule for him to follow
guidelines of a sound teaching programme and appropriate methods of teaching for different
subjects. This type of supervision is not suitable in the modern context as it stresses on the
autocratic attitude of the teacher in teaching at one point and no inspecting authority to inspect
his teaching. However, it is a type of supervision which was used in the United States of America
once upon a time.

Compulsion Type:
In this type of supervision autocracy goes to the inspecting personnel. It means as the supervision
is meant for the teachers in relation to their teaching performance and it is desirable for him to
deliver their teaching performance in a lucid manner. For this they have to act in accordance with
the rules and regulations of the modern principles of teaching. But it is a matter of great regret
that in this type of supervision the teacher has to teach in accordance with the guidelines
prescribed by the inspecting officers themself.
As there are inspecting officers who have their own principles of teaching which are not suitable,
compel the teachers to teach accordingly. As a result of which the teacher loses his freedom,
dignity, originality in this regard. Besides, he becomes afraid, frustrated and incomplete in his
teaching.

This type of supervision leads to creation of misunderstanding in the human relationship between
the inspecting person and the teacher. But it can be seriously said that the inspecting officers who

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are good and humble in nature and have balanced personalities don’t exercise their autocratic
attitude in supervision. This tendency among good inspecting officers enables the teacher to
teach properly.

Training and Direction:

This type of supervision is appreciated in the modern educational system because of its positive
and lasting impact on the teaching performance of teachers. To this supervision as students or
pupils are the central points in the teaching learning process, the teaching programme should be
in accordance with the needs of every child. For this the teachers should be given in-service
training on the latest developed methods of teaching for different subjects. After that the
supervision work should be done. This type of supervision develops a great deal of interest,
self-confidence and creativity among teachers to teach their subjects.

Democratic Leadership:
The importance of democracy is not only recognized in political perspective but also recognized
mostly as a way of life. It means there should be the influence of democracy on all aspects and
spheres of human life. In this context education is not escaped. This type of supervision is highly
appreciated in the modern educational system which points out that overall development of
teaching and learning is the responsibility of one and all who are directly or indirectly linked
with this process.

So this supervision says that there will be no improvement of teaching and learning only through
teachers. Rather the high level officers as the supervisory personnel have to participate in the
teaching programme actively and help the teachers by giving suggestions for improvement if any
in private.

For this the supervisory personnel has to become aware about the problems and issues that arise
in the field of teaching and learning and will try and help the teachers to solve it.

Q4. Discuss the importance of early childhood education and its role in the lives of
students.

Importance of Early Childhood Education:

Early childhood education is a term that refers to the period of time from a child’s birth to when
they enter kindergarten, according to Dr. Jessica Alvarado, academic program director for the
BA in Early Childhood Development at National University. According to Alvarado, it is an
important time in children’s lives because it is when they first learn how to interact with others,
including peers, teachers and parents, and also begin to develop interests that will stay with them

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throughout their lives. But Alvarado says it’s a common misperception that early childhood
education is only about learning basic skills. “It’s so much more than that,” she says. “It’s a time
when children learn critical social and emotional skills and a partnership is formed between the
child, their parents and the teacher.
When this is done successfully, it lays the groundwork for it to continue throughout the child’s
education.”

Nations around that world are becoming aware of the importance of early childhood education as
well. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is an
international governing body whose mission is “to contribute to the building of peace, the
eradication of poverty, sustainable development, and intercultural dialogue through education.”
Here’s what the organization says about the importance of early childhood education:

“Early childhood care and education (ECCE) is more than preparation for primary school. It
aims at the holistic development of a child’s social, emotional, cognitive and physical needs in
order to build a solid and broad foundation for lifelong learning and wellbeing. ECCE has the
possibility to nurture caring, capable and responsible future citizens.”

Specific Outcomes of Early Childhood Education on a Child’s Future:

The outcomes vary, as Alvarado explains, but all have been positive. “Studies have looked at
everything from the broad social benefits of early childhood education, to something as specific
as STEM learning outcomes (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) and how introducing
children to these topics early on can have a lasting impact,”

She also stresses the importance of encouraging early childhood educators to really get to know
their students and each of their specific interests. “When [teachers] do that, that relationship can
really influence the students day to day and build trust — and studies have shown that when
children are comfortable and trust the people around them, they learn more quickly and
successfully,”

Parental involvement is also a big component of this relationship-building process, and Alvarado
says it's important for teachers at this level to work closely with the families. “When the
partnership between teachers and the family is successful, we see that echoing positively
throughout the child’s life,” she explains.

Ways Teachers Can Maximize Learning Outcomes for Children at This Age:
In order to get the best outcomes in early childhood education, Alvarado strongly suggests

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working students’ natural curiosities into lesson plans. “Yes, we want to look at standards,” she
says. “Yes, there are boxes we need to check, but a huge part of what we do with young children
is looking at their interests and using those interests to better engage them in learning.”
Alvarado explains that teachers can take the topics or subject areas that fascinate individual
students and expand on it through in-class or at-home activities. Targeting these areas can help
students develop critical thinking skills, allowing them to give more complex answers than “yes”
or “no.” To illustrate this technique, Alvarado describes a student who showed a passion for
insects. At first, she says she was caught off guard and didn’t know what to do, but then she
realized she could use this interest in bugs to engage the child in a number of other subjects
besides science. “There could be math in there, language arts — it was really about using the
child’s specific interest to open new doors for them

Q5. How much school discipline is important for improving the progress of schools?
Discuss.

Improve Discipline in School:

“Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishment”
Discipline plays an essential role in keeping up a healthy social life. A disciplined life helps to
eliminate hindrances for growth and other confusions that stand in the way of success.
Since schools play an important part in character development and shaping behavior, discipline
in school is pivotal and of paramount importance.

Now, what is ‘discipline in school’? Every school will have a set of norms and codes of conduct.
School discipline is an arrangement of these specific implicit rules, conduct, and behavior for
keeping the students in check and making them efficient individuals.

In order to make the teaching-learning process effective and useful, the classroom environment
must be great and ideal. Discipline helps to create a healthy classroom and a healthy classroom
ensures discipline. It works both ways.

Ten ways to Improve Discipline in School:

Plan and Organize:

How to maintain discipline in school; students discipline; online education; classroom
management Ensure that there is a routine and a rhythm in the classroom. This way, the students
know what to expect from the class and what is expected out of them.

On the off chance that there is no legitimate planning and proper organization in your classroom,

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kids will feel exhausted and would begin to act mischievously.

You will see that classroom management is easy and better when the lessons are appropriately
planned when you have everything that you need for the class beforehand, and. In addition to
this, while conducting classes, always have a backup plan, consider things that can go wrong,
and have a plan B in place to make sense of the framework that you had in mind.

Resolve Issues From The Beginning:

It is ideal to manage issues that spring up before they become too enormous to even consider
handling. You can address every single little issue occurring in the classroom.

This might be daunting in the beginning but students need to feel that they are valued and
listened to, otherwise, they will cook up more mischief to attract attention. Handle problems
tactfully. A tiny slip-up in discipline issues can turn into a huge problem on the shoulder later on.

Establish Proper Procedures:

The school should have a decent control procedure to keep the students in check. A proper code
of conduct, rules, and regulations must be followed.

Here, one thing that schools should keep in mind is to strike the right balance. You don’t have to
be too strict because there’s a chance of students becoming rebellious and that’s the last thing
that you need. Adopt the method of controlled freedom both in classrooms and in the school
altogether.

Explain The Rules:

Next to establishing the right procedures, the most important thing is to communicate the
procedure to your students. They must know what is expected of them so that they can do it
accordingly. Conduct orientation classes, explain the rules and regulations, and how you expect
them to behave within the classroom, within the school, and as a responsible adult. Do not
patronize the students
.
Practice What You Preach:
The teachers, staff, management, and everyone within the school must practice the code of
conduct that has been established by the school. As mentioned before, discipline in school can be
tricky. Students are vulnerable and are at an age where they are just beginning to learn what is
right and wrong.

They look up to their teachers and elders. So, if there is a rule that says no phones in the

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classroom, the teachers should also refrain from taking phones to the classroom.
Now that classes have moved online, you cannot say no to phones but you can say no to phone
calls and texting and the teacher should also adhere to this.

Make Your Classes Interactive:

When you make your classes interactive, student engagement is better and they have less time to
be mischievous. Make your classes interesting and engaging by including games, quizzes,
animations, visual aids, and likewise. While teaching online, it is easier to incorporate animated
videos and games with numerous online teaching tools available.

Establish a Connection With Your Students:

When you create a good rapport with your students, they will be more disciplined and
understanding. Mutual respect will help in bringing about harmony in your classroom. We have
talked about classroom management in detail in one of our previous blogs, if you have not read it
yet, read it here.

Reward Good Behavior:

When you reward good behavior in the classroom, you are encouraging other students to behave
better. They would put in an effort to become a better student and to be disciplined. You can
create a chart, reward them with stars, and in higher classes, you can change the rewards
accordingly
.
Be Fair:
As a teacher, you should not be prejudiced or biased, you have to be fair. It is okay to have
favorites but do not be evident about it.

You should not involve favoritism while grading papers and assignments. Be fair and ensure
your students that efforts and growth matters and failures are just a stepping stone to success.
Be optimistic

Having a positive attitude can help with discipline in school. The students must not feel hostile in
the classroom. They must feel at ease and that they have room for expressing themselves. Being
a positive teacher will help you to achieve this in the classroom. There are different types of
disciplines in schools, you should focus on being fair and bringing up a generation that
understands values.

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Types of Discipline in School:
The three main types of discipline are:

● Preventative Discipline: As mentioned above, teachers have to explain their

expectations and set ground rules to ensure discipline. Measures taken prior to preventing
any unacceptable behavior is called preventative discipline.
● Supportive Discipline: It is possible that the preventive measures do not work as
perfectly as expected and things may go wrong. At this point, the teachers may give
warnings and show the students the right way of doing things. This is called supportive
discipline.
● Corrective discipline: This comes after supportive discipline. When a student has failed
to show any improvement despite numerous efforts at supportive discipline, corrective
disciplinary actions come into play. Punishments such as suspension, and likewise fall
under corrective discipline

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