MSC BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER II REFERENCES

Paper I -Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (PSBT 201)

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102106065/

Unit Topic Reference

I Bioinformatics basics: Computers in biology and medicine; Baxevanis, A. D., &
Basics of Introduction to Unix and Linux systems and basic commands; Ouellette, B. F. (2001).
Bioinformat Database concepts; Protein and nucleic acid databases; Structural Bioinformatics: a
ics and databases; Biological XML DTD’s; pattern matching algorithm
DNA basics; databases and search tools: biological background for Practical Guide to the
sequence sequence analysis; Identification of protein sequence from DNA Analysis of Genes and
analysis sequence; searching of databases similar sequence; NCBI; Proteins. New York:
publicly available tools; resources at EBI; resources on web; Wiley-Interscience.
database mining tools.
DNA sequence analysis: gene bank sequence database; submitting
DNA sequences to databases and database searching; sequence
alignment; pairwise alignment techniques; motif discovery and
gene prediction; local structural variants of DNA, their relevance Review articles
in molecular level processes, and their identification; assembly of
data
from genome sequencing.
II Multiple Multiple sequence analysis; multiple sequence alignment; flexible
sequence sequence similarity searching with the FASTA3 program package; Baxevanis, A. D., &
alignments use of CLUSTALW and CLUSTALX for multiple sequence Ouellette, B. F. (2001).
and protein alignment; submitting DNA protein sequence to databases: where Bioinformatics: a
modelling and how to submit, SEQUIN, genome centres; submitting aligned Practical Guide to the
sets of sequences, updating submitted sequences, methods of Analysis of Genes and
phylogenetic analysis. Proteins. New York:
Wiley-Interscience
Protein modelling: introduction; force field methods; energy,
buried and exposed residues; side chains and neighbours; fixed
regions; hydrogen bonds; mapping properties onto surfaces; fitting
monomers; RMS fit of conformers; assigning secondary
structures; sequence alignment- methods, evaluation, scoring;
protein completion: backbone construction and side chain
addition; small peptide methodology; software
accessibility; building peptides; protein displays; substructure
manipulations, annealing
III- Introduction and scope of statistics in biological studies and basic
Biostatistics concepts. Collection of data, by different sampling methods:
Simple random sampling, stratifies random sampling and
systemic sampling. Measures of
central tendency; Mean, Median and Mode. Measures of
Dispersion: Variance/ standard deviation, coefficient of variation
and standard error. Confidence limits for mean and proportion.
Probability and Basic concepts: Normal and binomial distribution.
Correlation and regression analysis for a bivariate data: Scatter
diagram
IV- Test of Hypothesis: Null hypothesis, alternate hypothesis, test
Biostatistics statistics, Type I and Type II errors, level of significance and
critical region. Z test: for a single sample, two samples and two
sample proportion. t-test a single sample, two samples and testing
the significance of the correlation. Coefficient: t paired test, x 2
test: As a goodness of fit and in 2x2 contingency test
 Paper II-Plant and Animal Biotechnology (PSBT 202)
Unit Topic Credit
I Plant tissue Plant tissue culture: historical perspective; totipotency; Razdan, M. K. (2003). Introduction to
culture and organogenesis; Somatic embryogenesis; establishment of Plant Tissue Culture. Enfield, NH:
Animal cell cultures – callus culture, cell suspension culture, media Science
culture preparation – nutrients and plant hormones; sterilization
techniques; applications of tissue culture -
micropropagation; somaclonal variation; androgenesis
and its applications in genetics and plant breeding;
germplasm conservation and cryopreservation; synthetic
seed production; protoplast culture and somatic
hybridization - protoplast isolation; culture and usage;
somatic hybridization - methods and applications;
cybrids and somatic cell genetics; plant cell cultures for
secondary metabolite production.

Animal cell culture:

brief history of animal cell culture; cell culture media and R. Ian Freshney , Culture of
reagents; culture of mammalian cells, tissues and organs; Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic
primary culture, secondary culture, continuous cell lines, Technique and Specialized
suspension cultures; Applications, 7th Edition

application of animal cell culture for

virus isolation and in vitro testing of drugs, testing of
toxicity of environmental pollutants in cell culture, Review articles
application of cell culture technology in production of
human and animal viral vaccines and pharmaceutical
proteins.
II Plant Genetic engineering: Agrobacterium-plant interaction;
Genetic virulence; Ti and Ri plasmids; opines and their Chawla, H. S. (2000). Introduction
manipulations significance; T-DNA transfer; disarmed Ti plasmid; to Plant Biotechnology. Enfield,
Genetic transformation - Agrobacterium-mediated gene
delivery; cointegrate and binary vectors and their utility; NH: Science.
direct gene transfer - PEG-mediated, electroporation, Glick, B. R., & Pasternak, J. J.
particle bombardment and alternative methods; (2010). Molecular Biotechnology:
screenable and selectable markers; characterization of Principles and Applications of
transgenics; chloroplast transformation; marker-free Recombinant DNA. Washington,
methodologies; advanced methodologies - cisgenesis, D.C.: ASM Press
intragenesis and genome editing;
molecular pharming -
concept of plants as biofactories, production of industrial Slater, A., Scott, N. W., & Fowler,
enzymes and pharmaceutically important compounds. M. R. (2003). Plant Biotechnology:
The Genetic Manipulation of
Plants. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.

III Animal Animal reproductive biotechnology: structure of sperms Gordon, I. (2005). Reproductive
reproductive and ovum; cryopreservation of sperms and ova of Techniques in Farm Animals.
biotechnology livestock; artificial insemination; super ovulation, Oxford: CAB International.
and embryo recovery and in vitro fertilization; culture of
Vaccinology embryos; cryopreservation of embryos; embryo transfer
technology; transgenic manipulation of animal embryos;
 applications of transgenic animal technology; animal
cloning - basic concept, cloning for conservation for
conservation endangered species;
Vaccinology: history of development of vaccines,
introduction to the concept of vaccines, conventional
methods of animal vaccine production, recombinant
approaches to vaccine production, modern
vaccines.
IV Molecular Molecular markers - hybridization and PCR based Chawla, H. S. (2000). Introduction
mapping and markers RFLP, RAPD, STS, SSR, AFLP, SNP markers; to Plant Biotechnology. Enfield,
marker DNA fingerprinting-principles and applications; NH: Science.
assisted introduction to mapping of genes/QTLs; marker-assisted
selection selection - strategies for Introducing genes of biotic and
abiotic stress resistance in plants: B.D. Singh, A.K. Singh- Marker-
Assisted Plant Breeding: Principles
genetic basis for disease resistance in animals; molecular and Practices-Springer India (2015)
diagnostics of pathogens in plants and animals; detection
of meat adulteration using DNA based methods. Review articles
Paper III -Bioprocess engineering and technology (PSBT 203)
 Unit Topics Reference

I Basic Sources of Microorganisms Used in Biotechnology- Nduka Okafor Modern

principles Literature search and culture collection supply, industrial microbiology and
of biochemical Isolation de novo of organisms producing metabolites biotechnology Science
engineering of economic importance.
Strain Improvement- Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA
Selection from naturally occurring variants, (2007)
Manipulation of the genome of industrial organisms in
strain improvement
Bioreactor design and analysis
Media formulation and optimization
methods; sterilization of bioreactors
aeration and agitation in bioreactors
KLa value (factors affecting and methods of Stanbury, P. F., & Whitaker,
determination), heat transfer in bioprocess A. (2010). Principles of
measurement and control of bioprocess parameters. Fermentation Technology.
Bioprocess economics Oxford: Pergamon Press.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2HfqV3sAx0

Principles of Microbial Growth

Batch Fermentation, Fed-Batch Fermentation
Unit II Continuous Fermentation
Production of Maximizing the Efficiency of the Fermentation
proteins from Process
recombinant High-Density Cell Cultures, Increasing Plasmid
microorganisms Stability, Quiescent E. coli Cells, Protein Secretion and Molecular Biotechnology:
Reducing Acetate Principles and Applications of
Bioreactors
Recombinant DNA
Typical Large-Scale Fermentation Systems
Two-Stage Fermentation in Tandem Airlift Reactors, By Bernard R. Glick, Cheryl L.
Two-Stage Fermentation in a Single Stirred-Tank Patten
Reactor, Batch versus Fed-Batch Fermentation
Harvesting Microbial Cells
Disrupting Microbial Cells
Downstream Processing
Protein Solubilization
Large-Scale Production of plasmid DNA
.
Unit III Introduction and scope
Applications of 1. Enzymes sourced from animals and plants used
enzyme in food manufacturing technology
technology 2. Enzyme usage in food applications.
in food
processing Mechanism of enzyme function and reactions in
food processes
1 Starch-processing and related carbohydrates. Robert Whitehurst and
2. Lipases for the production of food Maarten Van Oort - Enzymes
components: interesterified fat in food technology 2nd ed
Enzymes in protein modification: hydrolyzed protein
4., Enzymes in bread making - flavour, texture and
keeping quality
5. Enzymes in dairy product manufacture
6. Enzymes in fruit and vegetable processing and juice
extraction
7.Enzymes in fish and meat processing
8. Beer Production using Immobilized Cell Technology.
Unit IV 1.Microbial biomass production: mushrooms, SCP
Applications of 2.Fermented foods from: meat and fish, bread,
microbial Vegetables (sauerkraut, cucumber), Legumes and Oil
technology in Seeds soya bean fermentations
food process 3. Beverages
operations and a) Stimulant Beverages -coffee, cocoa and tea
production, fermentations
biofuels and b) Alcoholic beverages - Cider production
biorefinery 4.Food additives and supplements Michael Waites and Morgan ,
 Paper IV Intellectual property rights and Bioethics (PSBT 204)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5fvpsqPWZac&list=PLyqSpQzTE6M8PuzP1p2hNPXgpbOBhFgja
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvduZOWoft0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDzo_YQ92AY

Title Details Credits

Unit 1 Introduction to intellectual property; types of IP:

Introduction to patents, trademarks, trade secrets, copyright & related Goel, D., & Parashar, S.
IPR rights, industrial design, geographical indications, (2013). IPR, Biosafety and
Biodiversity importance and legislation, International Bioethics. Pearson Education
convention and treaties; plant variety protection and India
farmers rights act. , traditional knowledge.
Unit 2 Basics of patents: eligibility criteria, classification of Goel, D., & Parashar, S.
Patents patents, categories, special patents and patenting (2013). IPR, Biosafety and
biological products. Patentable and Non-patentable Bioethics. Pearson
inventions in India and abroad. Process of Patenting, Education India
 Patent Search and Inventor’s homework, drafting patent
applications, patenting systems. Rights of the patent
holder, assignment and licensing of patents and patent
Infringement, case studies. Patent Agent.
Unit 3 Patentability of Biotechnology Inventions in India,
Patentability of Statutory Provisions Regarding Biotechnological
Biotechnology Inventions Under the Current Patent Act 1970 (as Kshitij Kumar Singh
Inventions Amended 2005). Biotechnological Inventions as (auth.) - Biotechnology
Patentable Subject Matter, Territorial Nature of
and Intellectual Property
Patents,: From Territorial to Global Patent Regime,
Interpreting TRIPS in the Light of Biotechnology
Rights_ Legal and Social
Inventions, Feasibility of a Uniform Global Patent Implications-Springer
System, Merits and Demerits of Uniform Patent Law, India (2015)
Relevance of the Existing International Patent,
Tentative Harmonisation Efforts, Implications of
Setting up a Uniform World Patent System.
Unit 4 Introduction, bioethics in health care- euthanasia,
Bioethics artificial reproductive technologies, prenatal diagnosis, Helga Kuhse_ Udo
genetic screening, gene therapy, organ transplantation.
Schüklenk_ Peter Singer_
Ethics of clinical research, Bioethics in research –
cloning and stem cell research, Human and animal
(eds.) - Bioethics_ An
experimentation, Agricultural biotechnology - Anthology-Wiley-
Genetically engineered food, environmental risk, Blackwell (2016)
labelling and public opinion. Bioterrorism.