CURRENT TRENDS IN NURSING EDUCTION

INTRODUCTION
The changes that are occurring in the social and cultural life of the society
as a results of impact of advancement in the science-based technology are
broadly describes as modernization. Since education is a multi polar process, it is
influenced by the modernization in different ways. Due to globalization and
liberalization, changes occurring in other parts of the world will also influence the
education pattern of a country.
DEFINITION
Education:
Education is the development of all those capacities in the
individual, which will enables him to control his environment and fulfill
possibilities. (John Dewry, 2000)
According to Mahatma Gandhi, education is the all round drawing out of
the best in child and man – body, mind and sprit.

NURSING EDUCATION:
Nursing education is a professional education which is consciously and
systematically planned and implemented through instruction and discipline and
aims the harmonious development of the physical, intellectual, social, emotional,
spiritual and aesthetic power or abilities of the student in order to render
professional nursing care to people of all ages in all phases of health and illness,
in a Varity of settings in the best or highest possible manner.

AIMS OF NURSING EDUCATION

Harmonious development
 Nursing education aims the harmonious development of the physical,
intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual and aesthetic power or abilities
of the student.
 In short nursing education aims to prepare students as good human
being with qualities of a professional nurse.

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  Inculcating the right attitude: -
 Right attitude towards nursing forms the basis of nursing career.
Nursing education offers a variety of learning experienced with an aim
to inculcate proper attitude among students
 Knowledge and skill aim: -
 Nursing education provide the much needed knowledge and skill required to
practice the profession in successful manner.
 Technological advancement in the field of education helps nurse educators to
full fill this aim in meticulous.
 Emphasis on high – tech – high touch approach: -
 High – tech – high – touch approach in nursing care was devised to preserve
the human component of nursing care without undermining the advantages of
the technological advancement in the field of patient care.
 Nurse instructors have to motivate the students to maintain the human
elements of nursing while rendering care with help of sophisticated gadgets.
 Prepare students to take up a proactive role in learning: -
 The model teacher as the pivotal and dominant figure in education, presenting
a variety of information to pupils has practically disappeared
 Nurse educator of to day is considered as a facilitator of learning, whose main
duty is to prepare students to adopt a proactive role in learning
 Professional development
 Nursing education prepares the students to render professional nursing care in
the best or highest possible manner.
 Nurse educators can fulfill the professional aspirations of the students be way
of providing guidance, arranging adequate learning experiences and serving as
role models

 Assist to build a promising career

 Nursing profession offer variety of career opportunities. Helping students to
realize their potential and interests will enable them to build a promising
career
 Social aim
 Nursing education prepares the students to become a useful member in the
society. This will in turn help them to interest effectively with the people and
render dedicated care without any discrimination
 To prepare global nurses
 Globalization and liberalization has created worldwide opportunities for
professional nurses ever than before. Today a competence nurse with good
knowledge in English can easily build a career in other nations.

PURPOSE OF NURSING EDUCATION

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  To prepare the nurses, after completion of the education, is able to plan for
and give comprehensive nursing care.
 Health guidance of individuals and families to their needs
 The nurse must be prepared intellectually and morally
 Nurse should be competent in teaching oriented to community health and
research minded
 The nurse must have the necessary knowledge, skill and attitude in nursing
education
 The nurse educator should guide the learning activities of students.
 The education training programmes is to give broad job opportunities

EVOLUTION OF NURSING EDUCATION IN WORLD

The history education can be summarized as follows: -
1893 - Nurse society of Philadelphia formed under Joseph Warrington.
1862- Florence Nightingale established school of nursing at St. Thomas Hospital,
London.
1874 - Miss. Melinda Ann Richards become America’s first trained nurse.
1885 - Japanese school of nursing at Kyoto by Linda Richards.
1905 - 105 Hospital based nursing schools all over the world
1909 - First collegiate Programme at university of Minnesota
1914 -Curriculum committee of national league of nursing education was formed
1920 -180 Nursing school all over the world first doctoral Programme at Colombia
university leading to education in nursing.
1923 -First major study report of committee for the study of nursing education namely
Gold mark report published in USA.
1934 - PhD Nursing started at New York University
1931 - Curriculum by national league of ward teaching
1954 - Ph. D in Nursing at university of Pittsburgh
1960 - The first doctorate in nursing education started at Boston University
1980 - Nursing diagnosis evolved as a separate component of nursing practice.
1980 - Onwards – Nursing education flourished all over the world.

Evolution of nursing education in India: -

1871 - School of Nursing started in general Hospital madras.
1886 -School of nursing in a full-fledged form was started in J.J hospital, Bombay.
1902 - TNAI established.
1909 -Bombay presidency nursing association was formed
1910 - United board of examination for nurses was organized
1913 -South India board was organized
1926 - First nurses registration act passed in madras
1935 - Madras and Bombay nursing councils were established.
1942 - ANM programmes started
1943 - School of nursing at RAK College, New Delhi.
1943 - Diploma Programme in nursing started in Delhi.
1946 - Four year B.Sc nursing Programme started in RAK College and CMC
Vellore.

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1947 - INC act was passed
1949 - INC was established
1959 - M.Sc nursing started in RAK College
1963 - Post basic B.Sc Programme started in various institutions
1972 - Basic degree Programme started in kerala
1986 - Curriculum changes for GNM Programme from three and a half years to three
years
1986 - M.Phil Programme started in RAK, Delhi.
1988 - M.Sc nursing at Nimhans
1994 - M.Sc nursing at Mahe, Manipal.
1996 - M.Phil and Ph.D at Mahe. Manipal
2001 - PhD at NIHMANS.
TRENDS IN NURSING EDUCATION:
A profession is a dynamic integration of various faculties of knowledge. Since
nursing education is a professional education, it is dynamic by its own nature and they’re
by giving raise to trends.

1. Curriculum changes:
 Flexible curriculum designs are evolving to facilitate diversity of educational
opportunity and overcome barriers of distance and time.
 These curricular are often competency based, focused on out come and emphasize
student participation and responsibility for learning.

2. Innovations in teaching and learning:

 In nursing education, lot of innovations is taking place in the areas of teaching
and learning. Invariably, these innovations lead to intellectual development,
personal development and career development.

3. Educational quality assurance: -

 Educational quality assurance is a process of monitoring and evaluating
efficiency and effectiveness of educational provision and to institute remedial
measures as and when needed.
4. More reliance on technology: -
 Technology exerts greater influence of nursing education as tool for teaching
and learning.
5. Emphasis in high- tech- high touch approach: -
 High-tech- high touch approach in nursing care was devised to preserve the
human component of nursing care without undermining the advantages of
technological advancement in the field of patient care.
 Present day nursing education is preparing the students to maintain the human
elements of nursing while caring the patients with the help of sophisticated
gadgets.
6. Preparation of global nurses: -
 Nursing education is all set have reaped benefits created by globalization and
global perspective through providing learning experience to entire students
knowledge in English along with the attainment other objects.

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7. Transnational acceptance:
 Nursing educational programmes in one nation is widely accepted by other
nations. In fact, this transnational acceptance is the main reason for the
development of nursing education in the countries like India.

8. Ensuring a promising career: -

 Nursing education ensures a promising career either in India or abroad.
 A study conducted by Johnson and Johnson reveals that nursing education
will maintain this status at least for the coming twenty years.
9. Emergence of new specialists:-
 In par with the development in the medical and allied fields, nursing education
is also offering new specialties to meet the needs of the community.
10. Increased opportunities for higher studies: -
 Different from the past many institutions are offering Programme such as post
certificate B.Sc Nursing, M.Sc nursing, M’Phil and PhD.
 An eligible candidate can easily pursue higher education without much time
lay.
11. Potential shortage of nurse educators: -
 As a result of the exciting or opportunities in the service sector when
compared to the educational side, talented nurses are now opting a career in
the service side for better prospectus. This may lead to a shortage of nurse
educators in the near future.
12. Diminishing Government role: -
 Shortage of funds couple certain policy decisions have prevented the
government from investing further. In the field of nursing education.
 Now, the private sectors are playing a dominant role for the development of
nursing education.
Current status of Nursing in India.
Basic courses:
1. Auxiliary nurse- midwives/ multipurpose health workers (one and half year
Programme).
 After independence and with the advent of the governments scheme for rural
health serves under the community development project a need was felt to
have a category of nursing professional who wound give simple nursing care
in addition to modifying services in the rural areas.
 Subsequently INC formulate curriculum for their courses to provide simple
nursing care addition to modifying services.
2. Diploma in General nursing and modifying (3 years program GNM)
 Diploma nursing schools were the first type of educational Programme
leading to registration as a R.N.
 It requires 3 yrs of study and successfully completing awarded by diploma in
nursing education.
3. Baccalaureate degree in nursing education:
 The graduate nursing degree in India in the year 1946.

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  Started in CMC and RAK College of nursing New Delhi. The degree is a
bachelor of science in nursing.
4. Master degree nursing Programme:
 This program was started by RAK College of nursing. New Delhi in 1986.
This Programme is for one year for regular candidate and 2 yr for part time
candidate.
 The admission capacity is a student for regular and 2 yr part time differ.
6. PhD Programme:
 PhD Programme started 1992 in RAK College of nursing currently there are
more school offering nursing scientists doctoral program.

7. Nursing education abroad: -

 Graduate may go for higher education developed countries such as USA, UK
provide opportunity for nurses from foreign campus to continue their nursing
education.

8. Post certificate courses: -

 Promotional teaching Programme of six-month duration experience
ANMs.
Courses (e.g.)Hospital administration,Ward administration.

Nursing education future trends:

1. Future nursing Programme will need to be flexible to meet learning need to
changing student6 population.
2. A shortage of qualified nursing faculty
3. Educational mobilization Programme and articulation Programme should be
organized.
4. Technologies and education the nurse education have to adopt various new
technologies in teaching situations.
Conclusion:
As a health professional it is important for us to know that what are the changes
taking place in the field of nursing currently. It helps to enhance one knowledge related to
nursing.
Summary:
So far we have discussed about introduction, definition, aims of nursing
education, purpose of nursing education, evaluation of nursing education in world,
evaluation of nursing education in India. Trends in nursing education, current status of
nursing in India, nursing education future trend.
Bibliography:
1. Sankaranarayanan. B. “Learning and teaching Nursing”, 2nd edition, brain fill
company Calicut, Pp 8-20.
2. Neeraja .K.P, “ Text book of Nursing Education”, 1st edition, jaypee publication,
Pp 8-10.

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 3. Basavanthappa, “ B.T., “Nursing Education”, 1st edition, jaypee publication,
Pp69.
4. TNAI, “ History and trends in Nursing in India”, 1st edition, Dhaulta publishers
New Delhi, Pp 148-149.
Journal: -
1. Adranvala. T.K, (1965) “ A review of post Basic and post graduate training: The
nursing journal of India”, Vol (9).