1.

A) The work done on the machine can be calculated using the formula:
Work = Force x Distance. Here, the force applied is 100N and the
distance moved is 10m. Therefore, the work done on the machine is:

Work = 100N x 10m = 1000 Joules

B) The work done by the machine can be calculated using the same
formula: Work = Force x Distance. Here, the force applied is 2000N and
the distance moved is 40cm or 0.4m. Therefore, the work done by the
machine is:

Work = 2000N x 0.4m = 800 Joules

C) The actual mechanical advantage (AMA) of a machine is defined as

the ratio of the output force to the input force. In this case, AMA can be
calculated as:

AMA = Output force / Input force

Output force = 2000N
Input force = 100N
AMA = 2000N / 100N = 20

D) The velocity ratio (VR) of a machine is defined as the ratio of the

distance moved by the effort to the distance moved by the load. In this
case, VR can be calculated as:

VR = Distance moved by effort / Distance moved by load

Distance moved by effort = 10m
Distance moved by load = 0.4m
VR = 10m / 0.4m = 25

E) The efficiency of a machine is defined as the ratio of output work to

 input work, expressed as a percentage. In this case, efficiency can be
calculated as:

Efficiency = (Output work / Input work) x 100%

Output work = Work done by machine = 800J
Input work = Work done on machine = 1000J
Efficiency = (800J / 1000J) x 100% = 80%

F) The wasted energy in a machine is the difference between the input

energy and the useful output energy. In this case, the wasted energy can
be calculated as:

Wasted energy = Input energy - Useful output energy

Input energy = Work done on machine = 1000J
Useful output energy = Work done by machine = 800J
Wasted energy = 1000J - 800J = 200J

G) The purpose of the machine is not given in the question and

therefore cannot be answered.

2. a) The actual mechanical advantage is calculated by dividing the load

(weight of the block) by the effort (force applied to push the block up
the slope). Therefore,

Actual mechanical advantage = Load / Effort

= 5000 N / 250 N
= 20

Therefore, the actual mechanical advantage is 20.

b) The velocity ratio is calculated by dividing the distance moved by the

effort with the distance moved by the load. In this case, since there is no
friction, the distance moved by the effort and load will be equal.
 Therefore,

Velocity ratio = Distance moved by effort / Distance moved by load

=1

Therefore, the velocity ratio is 1.

c) The work done on an object is equal to its weight multiplied by the

vertical distance it moves. In this case, the work done on the block is
equal to its weight (5000 N) multiplied by the height of the slope (10 m).
Therefore,

Work done = Force x Distance

5000 N x 10 m = 50,000 J

The force applied to push the block up the slope is 250 N. Therefore,
using the formula for work done (Work = Force x Distance), we can
calculate the distance moved by dividing work done by force applied.

Distance moved = Work done / Force applied

= 50,000 J / 250 N
= 200 m

Therefore, the length of the slope is 200 m.

3. a) To calculate the effort required to push a 7200 N block up the slope,
we can use the formula for calculating the AMA of an inclined plane:

AMA = height of inclined plane / length of inclined plane

Given that the AMA is two, we can determine that the height of the
inclined plane is:

height = AMA x length = 2 x 100 m = 200 m

Next, we can calculate the force required to lift the block up the slope
using the formula:

force = weight / AMA

where weight is the weight of the block, which is 7200 N. Substituting

these values, we get:

force = 7200 N / 2 = 3600 N

Therefore, the effort required to push a 7200 N block up the slope is

3600 N.

b) The ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) of an inclined plane is given by

the formula:

IMA = length of inclined plane / height of inclined plane

Substituting the values given in the question, we get:

IMA = 100 m / sin(20°) ≈ 292.5

Therefore, the ideal mechanical advantage of the slope is approximately

292.5.

c) The efficiency of an inclined plane is given by the formula:

efficiency = AMA / IMA x 100%

Substituting the values calculated in parts (a) and (b), we get:

efficiency = 2 / 292.5 x 100% ≈ 0.68%

 Therefore, the efficiency of the slope is approximately 0.68%.
4. A) The velocity ratio of the machine can be calculated using the formula:
Velocity Ratio = Distance moved by effort/Distance moved by load.
Here, the effort is applied to move the wedge and displace the wood
sideways, while the load is the 50N of wood. The distance moved by
effort is the length of the wedge, which is 40cm, and the distance
moved by load is the thickness of the wedge, which is 8cm. Therefore,
Velocity Ratio = 40/8 = 5.

B) The efficiency of a machine is defined as the ratio of output

work to input work, expressed as a percentage. In this case, the
output work is the displacement of 50N of wood sideways, and the
input work is the force applied to move the wedge. The force
applied to move the wedge is equal to the product of mechanical
advantage and load force, which is 4 x 50N = 200N. The input work
is given by Input Work = Force x Distance. Here, Distance is the
length of the wedge, which is 40cm or 0.4m. Therefore, Input Work
= 200N x 0.4m = 80 Joules (J). The output work done in displacing
50N of wood sideways can be calculated using Output Work =
Force x Distance. Here, Distance is again equal to the thickness of
the wedge, which is 8cm or 0.08m. Therefore, Output Work = 50N x
0.08m = 4 J.

The efficiency of the machine can now be calculated using

Efficiency = (Output Work/Input Work) x 100%. Substituting values
from above, we get Efficiency = (4/80) x 100% = 5%.

C) The purpose of using a machine with a mechanical advantage in

this scenario is to make it easier to displace the wood sideways. By
using a wedge with a mechanical advantage of 4, the force required
to move the wood is reduced by a factor of 4, making it easier for a
 person to do the job. The machine also allows the person to apply
force over a longer distance (the length of the wedge) to achieve
the desired displacement of the wood. Wedges are commonly used
in various applications such as splitting wood, cutting vegetables,
and shaping materials like metal and stone.
5. To calculate the velocity ratio, we first need to determine the distance
from the fulcrum to the end of the iron bar where the input force is
applied. This can be found by subtracting the distance from the fulcrum
to the load block (1m) from the total length of the iron bar (4m), which
gives us a distance of 3m.

The velocity ratio is then calculated by dividing the distance from the
load block to the fulcrum (1m) by the distance from the input force to
the fulcrum (3m).

Velocity Ratio = Distance from Load Block to Fulcrum / Distance from

Input Force to Fulcrum
Velocity Ratio = 1/3

To calculate the input force required, we can use the formula:

Input Force = Load Force / Velocity Ratio

The load force is given as 1200kg, which we need to convert into

Newtons since force is measured in Newtons.

Load Force = 1200kg x 9.81 m/s^2

Load Force = 11772 N

Using the velocity ratio calculated above, we can now find the input
force required:

Input Force = 11772 N / 1/3

 Input Force = 35316 N

Therefore, an input force of 35316 N is required to lift a 1200kg block

using an iron bar that is 4m long and has its fulcrum placed 1m from the
load block.

Answer: The velocity ratio is 1/3 and the input force required is
35316 N.
6. a) The velocity ratio is given by the ratio of the distance moved by the
effort to the distance moved by the load. In this case, the effort is
applied at the rim of the wheel and the load is suspended from the axle.
Therefore, for one revolution of the wheel, the load is lifted a distance
equal to the circumference of the axle. The circumference of the wheel is
given by 2πr, where r is the radius of the wheel. Similarly, the
circumference of the axle is given by 2πr', where r' is the radius of the
axle. Therefore, for one revolution of the wheel, the load is lifted a
distance equal to (2πr)/(2πr') = r/r'. The velocity ratio is therefore equal
to r/r'. Substituting r = 20 cm and r' = 4 cm gives a velocity ratio of 20/4
= 5. The ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) is equal to the velocity ratio
in the absence of energy losses. Therefore, IMA = 5.

b) The theoretical effort required to lift a load of 30 N assuming no

energy losses can be determined using the equation for ideal
mechanical advantage: IMA = load/effort. Rearranging this equation
gives effort = load/IMA. Substituting load = 30 N and IMA = 5 gives an
effort of 6 N.

Effort = 6 N

c) The efficiency of a machine is defined as the ratio of output work to

input work, expressed as a percentage. In this case, output work refers
to the work done on the load (i.e., lifting it out of the well), while input
work refers to the work done by the operator in applying a force to turn
the wheel. The actual effort required is given as 10 N. Therefore, input
work = force x distance = 10 N x circumference of wheel = 10 N x 2πr =
10 N x 2π(20 cm) = 1256.64 Ncm. The output work is equal to the work
done on the load, which is given by force x distance = 30 N x height of
bucket. The height of the bucket is not given in the question, so we
cannot calculate the efficiency without this information.