NAME: GLEMVER B.

LUMANLAN SECTION: 11-STEM ARCTURUS

ACTIVITY 3

1.Chain Isomerism-It is known as skeletal isomerism as well. Chain isomers are molecules with
the same molecular formula, but various carbon skeleton arrangements. In the branching, chain
isomers generally differ about carbon. Obviously, as the number of carbons in the molecule
increases, there is often more than one way to branch off groups of carbons from the main
chain, which contributes to the large number of possible isomers.
2.Position Isomerism-Position isomers differ in the positions of the functional groups or
substituent atoms. The part of a molecule giving it its reactivity is a functional group in organic
chemistry. This isomerism typically involves the attachment of the functional groups in the
carbon chain to various carbon atoms.
3.Functional Group Isomerism-These are isomers, also referred to as functional group isomers,
where the molecular formula stays the same, but the type of functional group in the atom is
changed. For different functional groups, distinct functional group isomers are possible.
4.Geometric Isomerism-It is commonly referred to as cis-trans isomerism. In three-dimensional
space, such isomers have different spatial arrangements of atoms. Compared to single bonds,
which can rotate freely, the rotation of these bonds is restricted. This means that if two
different atoms, or groups of atoms, are attached to each carbon of the carbon double bond,
the different molecules can be arranged in different ways.
5.Optical Isomerism-Such optical isomers are known as enantiomers as well. The groups
around the carbon are given priorities, then the lowest priority group is oriented pointing away.
Similar bonds but different spatial arrangements of atoms forming non-superimposable mirror
images are compounds that exhibit optical isomerism. Enantiomers differ in their optical
activities from each other.
NAME: GLEMVER B. LUMANLAN SECTION: 11-STEM ARCTURUS
NAME: GLEMVER B. LUMANLAN SECTION: 11-STEM ARCTURUS