Back Formation:

Back formation is the morphological term also known as

deaffixation or back derivation, forms new lexemes by means of
suffix-like segment extraction.
Back formation is a minor word formation process (by which
new words are produced either by modification of existing words
or by complete innovation) but it holds a special position among
the other types of the word formation process. In fact, you will
be surprised to know, it is the opposite of most processes.
Instead of adding affixes to words, in the back formation process,
affixes are removed from original words to create new words.
This results in new, shorter, and less complex words of English
vocabulary.

Like Action>Act

Back Formation is the reverse of affixation:

If affixation means forming a word by adding an affix
(e.g frosty from frost, refusal from refuse,
instrumentation from instrument,) then back
formation is essentially this process in reverse, it
adapts an existing word by removing its affix usually a
 suffix (e.g sulk from sulky, proliferate from
proliferation, back form from back formation).

Definition:

If we define back formation we can say that,

It is the process of forming a new word by extracting actual or supposed affixes from another

word, shortened words from longer words.

( e.g beg was back formed from beggar)

Coined:
The term back formation was coined by Scottish Lexicographer James Murray in 1889.

• It is the process in which a word changes its forms and function.

• A noun becomes a verb or vice versa.

• In back formation, word of one type which is usually a noun, is reduced and used as a verb.

• Simply, back formation is a shortend word created from a longer word.

Examples:
• Type was back formed from Type writer.

• Edit was back formed from Editor.

• Vaccinate was back formed from Vaccination.

• Complete was back formed from Completion.

• Donate was back formed from Donation.

• Televise was back formed from Television.

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