Second Steps to

English Grcimmar
-rndSmps
e l l ~NR

by
Shiro 0saka

Nan 'un-do
 Second Steps to English Grammar

by
Shiro Osaka
@ 2006 All Right Reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written

permission from the author and Nan'un-do Co. Ltd.
1 . " Try, try, try again! "
(ZTfL,+<W[3iZ5kz;??Ii,/]\Jll i";-Ek)
2 . xi&@'\,t%i& -5- rn, *'-Q{Ll ~ \ f iL? 7 2 GI;, 2,i&G;M!y7&&fj C;;;?8Tgo
I

3 . ~ ] J & ~ & ~ j & ~ I ~3~<H9, R f~t~@ I;qfiBTTfco

F ! @ ~ % & j ! $ l ; , i , $ T j - , ~ ~ & j.lj -

4. ffi[;&fi, *i&?ygea/J\:${v,@;;j~&5[;, $$$19&L;,~~o

5. 1- b Lz&j&&:$t%FOz5 %L, & 5 ---RfI[riJ c2j&,i:@(r~&c (2:&77'/;)
* Z OEi&i&2 7 LH+lh]gh>h>i9 ZTV, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ K $ ~ ~ ~ ~ T T o
6 . I ~ [ Z ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q @ Q % 2Q7 1~< -9bQL Z~3 2T6 ~6 "\ nfiO-&i&~,l: ~ \ ~ ~ ~ ~ <
7 . {qlJ ~$lJ~t(l&;XC;Y~L, g f : X & &t;'if&+"
j ~ i : ~ ~ ~ &$j~xfiq,f j : "
8 . (;hj5>&+g7L&+f$5)e % , y b -iL, -~-;gT& fj5j'Tl/J7Fj@{'E77&&0
Unit 1 Unit 19

Unit 2 Unit 20

Unit 3 Unit 2 1

Unit 4 Unit 22

Unit 5 Unit 2 3

Unit 6 Unit 24

Unit 7 Unit 25

Unit 8 Unit 26

Unit 9 Unit 27

Unit 1 0 Unit 2 8

Unit 11 Unit 29

Unit 12 Unit 3 0

Unit 1 3 Unit 3 1

Unit 14 Unit 32

Unit 15 Unit 33

Unit 16 Unit 34

Unit 17 Unit 3 5

Unit 1 8
1 . %1*@ (S+V)
S V S V S V M
3 ~ ~ L ~ h 1 1 ,ZZ?L\
~ 1 15 ~ ~ ~ %I walk.
~ 6 He runs. He runs in the park.
fl%Rl,fi(MI12 2 a @ & L z & G&L)a
They went to the museum vesterdav. There are many books on the desk.
M M M M

2 . X2*@ (S+V+C) % S=C

j ~ $ ~ + $ J ~ ~ J + ~ ~ g ~ f i TC$[&~&f i $ l ;~h &
$ -~ ~$; (~, ~$&$lliisT,
l $ ~ ~ m+?&hY, &I -Hi
~ @ ~3"I
Ffi-
-7i4)1
tilLr,o
G.
$dil;/:LzCk?,l;d (%!3), ft%;lfl, fi??s;;il (?%I hT7k&o

+=*
,;I 1

I am ha He became a teacher. You look ha The kept uiet.

r=* L=I C

% 2 2ff$LL&< ~Ebfi&5hl,d
be, become, look, keep, seem, feel, remain, grow, etc.

3.%3*@ (S+V+O)
~ 6 1 ? $ + $ h ~ ~ ; j L [ ~(0)-@#~j&~;hB~9
l~(~l~~ [ k ~ s f l S#O, ~ X - ) L ~ J ! ~ ~ % T & L \ ~
a f 1 < j , ~ ; f i ~ 2 ~ f i j +ffiJFj&q
~"i~ blfi""" 2&a$$ +
C
k[w]$/fek L;&l,\Ififi?d + ~ $ J J : L ~ 1-1 fi';JLfi% 2 5 aL\$h$i] + ,zQ$jJz~iJ 2 >5
F[ h ~ ] ~ ~ C k ~ i ~ ~ ~ a ) - 2 < ~ $ h f ~ a ) . I $ h $ 2 ~ ~ r j&
(--LC,L f - Bg) J {; ~$ ~C~~j&
T&B ~. ~ ~
The have a house. He killed him. Nanc likes tennis.
* r L+zr+*T
F]fl';J:fit;&&Cg ... - ft%GiJ, +$:;I,
Ff.,;:,cyI,ld
5
$jj%$J, f?JjQY75';&&,
(411) 9GlI:iJ ($3)bk ldfl(Jl;fiCZ&5 &l,\o
I I want to eat something. iFh%,i4 She enjoyed skiing.
Ti I think that he did it. I know what he will do.
~ [ f i ' ; J ~ f i f ) ~ ~ ~$* $h~ ~~, r ~ i ] a ~ f i ~ +'$$l,
& ~ ~ $; j~J &
~ ~~ ~] a~ ~o \ ~ f i h > @ 2 & $ \ ~ ~ < ] ~
c I like to swim.
I like swimming.
x I want sleeping.
[ o I want to sleep.
x I enjoyed to ski.
[ o I enjoyed skiing.
1. My brother walks to school every day.
2. We studied English for three years.
3. The girl with the blond hair is Jane.
4. She became a famous singer.

1. We sat around the fire.

2. He is playing the guitar.
3. This knife cuts well.
4. You must keep quiet.
5. He keeps his promises.
6. She looks very well.

A. 1. He is running. 2. He is very kind.

3. He is under the tree. 4. He is liked by everyone. A. i

B. 1. She looked happy. 2. She looked at me.

3. She watched TV. 4. She saw them. B. ( 1

1. $LLk zaQ@:,zL7;rfaX z L7&

I finished (read) this book.
2. $Lkk tP7/@3"L\7:L~,
I want (learn) how to play the piano.
3. @ i i k 3 T Q @ + & 7 ~ ~
He stopped (talk).
4. %!dkE~\El!iR9 E1;F7z0
I continued (sleep) for a long time.
5 . :%a) ( ) IRcr):g%f 3 T % 4 k ' X T . iEL~\%*lz L G Z L \ ~
1. I don't know ( 1 is 2 who 3 girl 4 that ). 1. (
2. Do you know ( 1 goes 2 the 3 train 4 where )? 2. (
3. 1 wonder ( 1 he 2 a 3 if 4 is ) new teacher. 3. (

1. bStkP% 'I75+QT<L 2%j.f:L)LiF;c

He decided ( ) ( ) to America. 1. ( >(
2. 7f$kLk!zhx4T37:2s77L\3T3
She says ( ) ( ) likes cats. 2. ( 1( )
3. $LLk, 7fi5L\-3JC675\, $119 d @ k ,
I don't know ( ) ( ) will come. 3. ( >( )
4. $L7:%C&~lt%FI'r,77:RiL&3LiF:3
We ( ) ( ) songs. 4. ( 1(

7 . :%cr)S2CtZ'cr)232C~ELZdB'o f hQh 1 , 2 , 3 P?SXGZL\,

1. She became a famous singer. 1. (
2. We began to clean the room. 2. ( )
3. I went to the museum yesterday.
4. I wonder what he will do.
5. I love you very much.

8. c r ) ( 1 IRcr)W%S3T%4k'%T8 E3*2CC$$j%ft%fTYGZL\o
1. %f$ixtk3Ll, 2-rG'tfL?5 T T ,
She ( 1 today 2 busy 3 looks 4 very ). 1. (
2. $Lr:%tmin, 2 5 ~m L L
We ( 1 to 2 promised 3 tomorrow 4 meet ). 2. (
3. ffiirk2-r < t'L&h\L5,
I wonder ( 1 he 2 if 3 come 4 will ). 3. (
 I gave him a book. She showed me the-plcWr_e_.We bought her a pre~~ent.
li~i~,,~lz?l&->T.
% 4 *?iz?%3 34!biE375\Z6 L 2f3\W%6.
He teaches us English. I bought her a book.
[He teaches English t a . I bought a book f&.
EBlLx
M 3% buy, make. get, cook, find U l f [ j l z o r

XLlr;lnlh~fi~~RAq,fiCza%~Ee
She tells the truth. H nr;li5 ) - 7Eiffki!1~%i5frET&.
(that 2$-;?.fit;75\ 2 L \ 9 %z?
She told us that she is going- to get married.

(&,:z+$h$q+ nht~,g+ffiig) 09,

o= c
3 5 *ff,'Jtz&%$tl,$I
(~scjfi;tf$j"g)

name -2
[
%Jbf
::%ed ;:Ann.
-%3
-

We named our baby Tom.

6
33 5 her = Ann

call ( - 2 V S ) O!&tz make -e,..r:aa His coach made him a champion.

think -+...klui I think her kind.
rLx

elect -+...b:zs They elected him President.

leave -G,,,Iz L7X: < Leave me alone. 3

1
zJ$pE*:q2jBz*;qR+$j:ELz 2 % 5jln4
We saw him swimming. 33 The boy had his hair cut.
=he was swimming Z =his hair was cut
I heard her singing. Mother had her bag carried by him.
=she was singing Sl =her bag was carried
We felt it sinking. I made myself understood.
=it was sinking =I was understood
%>E+$),gq+
an
am;g+ to T ' A z - - -
I think him to be happy. = he is happy ask, get, expect,
I want you to go there. = you go there suppose, force, etc.
He got his sister to wash his shirt. get+ nsq,l;2+to = ...bz-sea -
SV 7c2~5b:d We ran in the park.
SVC +;tSt&ki;ll He is a doctor.
SVO A2fl!!FhM I love you.
svoo z ~ f f i ~ i 1 1 She gave me a pen.
SVOC 4 ~ % l # % b ~ ~ l We call her Ann.
 1. He will give you a doll. 2. We made him a doctor.

3. Please teach English to us.

2. : R a ) f t a ) T @ ~ ~ ~ H ~ t E % % C ~'O,
%~E%%C~Clit:3$2%%~~~
1. People in this city elected him mayor. 1. (
2. I saw Tom running after school. 2. (
3. She bought her father a nice present for his birthday. 3. ( 1
4. We call him &. 4- ( )
5. Do you have a pen? 5. ( 1

1. Mr. Osaka teaches us English.

Mr. Osaka teaches English ( ) us. 1. (
2. My mother made me a dress.
My mother made a dress ( ) me.
3. I asked him the question.
I asked the question ( ) him.
4. I think that he is honest.
I think him ( ) be honest.
5. Do you know her to be a famous pianist?
Do you know ( ) she is a famous pianist? 5. ( 1
6. Did you write him a letter?
Did you write a letter ( ) him? 6. ( 1
1. $ ~ i k q g i ~ ~ t i z g ~ ~ ~ ~ r : k , g z ~ r : ~
I advised him that he ( ) do his homework. 1- ( )
2. 7@kCk$L~z,+ ( F . L P C Z ~ I ~ ~ W WCJ-r:k
& T r:-97z0
G
She told me ( ) she was going to marry him this year. 2. ( )
3. $ L C ~ ~ @ C Z ~ % ~ X T ~ G ~ T T : , ~
I got him ( ) wash the dishes.
4. ~ - Y Y - M $ L , ~ z ~ \ . ~ L ~ L >< AIn?:,
J~%
Nancy gave a pretty doll ( ) me.

1. His father made him a doctor.

2. She showed me her picture.
3. I expect to see him there.
4. You must go to the library to borrow the book.
5. He told me that he would come here.
6. I think them to be happy.

1.
( 1 Michael 2 named 3 they 4 baby 5 the ). 1. (
2. $LCk92Q3?%~JJ97G597c0
( 1 hair 2 had 3 I 4 cut 5 my ).
3. f@ikl!d.lii%<%ZhrzO
( 1 stolen 2 he 3 his 4 had 5 wallet ). 3. (
4. $LCk;F?;iO@T.8 8 h Z f 3 r R X ' i T L ~ 4 ~ ~ R W L ~ 7 c 0
( 1 a 2 heard 3 howling 4 wolf 5 I ) in the woods. 4. (
5. &kl:Ck%,ST;iZ75'.;B Ld$h\,
( 1 you 2 can 3 make 4 yourself 5 understood ) in English?
5. (
1. 3REBri=i% (am,are, is)+(
I 3
-
i n 6
ing) r-LTL\b]
I watch TV eyeryday. Rrl!ff3
[ I am w a t c h b TV now. fl!&iii%iii:
z $< ~g-o~
k;?$]fc ... b e @ I $ J @ ~ Q ~ T 7
They are swimming Yes, they are.
[ & they swimming? NO, they aren't.
&ZA ... b e @?Itlli4m?&~not @R< , They are using the book.
They are not using the book.
f27x53:~lmf? 975
1 . ;BTok;Je : ~~?I,~DKF%CLing walk-walking, go-going
2 . Z5EV e T % %Z56S
b : e gkQ-3 7 ing make-making, come-coming
3. 5 7 - :E 7 ing cut-cutting, run-running
2. 23% B$?%
was,were+E5!fZ'IfZfilT & L , r--LTL\T:] kl\j,8F#%&'6,
( I am washing the dishes now.)
I was washinn the dishes then. She was s l e e p u when we came home.
hiF!l2 ... b e !d~~~l%;i(flTiGZ&?t~
You were listening to the radio. Yes, I was.
Were you listening to the radio? No, I wasn't.
$Y$;i( ... b e $h;i;]a)f&t; @z .
not <
It was snowing when we arrived in Hokkaido.
It was not snowing when we arrived in Hokkaido.
*RB$?E
willbe+R;f~%;7 ~ - - L ? L \ ~ ? L A ~~%I ~ & 6 @ C ~ j f f : f T r t ~ D ~ t r 1 T ~
He is sleeping now. ...ar't II#-J?L\~
He was sleeping when I came back. ... 32, ORTT=
He will be sleeping when I come back. .. & A H R - J T L \ ~ ? L A i
It will be snowing when I arrive.
k f W 2 ... will 2 2 @ b Z W T ,
He will be taking a test this time tomorrow.
JViJ he be taking a test this time tomorrow?
f i Z A ... will D?&lZ not @,9f: <
He will
.
be taking a test this time tomorrow.
He will not be taking a test this time tomorrow.

4Kk!@&d$j~$4 be, have, belong, like, know, seem, etc.

3 @ I see, hear, smell, feel, etc.
 1. t-LCi?, %@'IE-3?L\&T0
Tom ( 1 am 2 are 3 does 4 is ) washing his car now. 1. ( >
2. %Ll~Zitfif3\1;O+$~8.t-37L~~To
I ( 1 has 2 have 3 am having 4 to have ) a letter from my friend. 2. ( )

He ( 1 belongs 2 to belong 3 belonged 4 is belonging ) to a soccer club.

3. ( )

1. He was lying on the grass when I saw him.

I . ta1t~,fi3ar=a4,
t$:l+xfl,~m~L\r~,,
2 , hfiLZbaI
2 . f%ii$L7'~';E6
3. ff$LL$Lfi?RT:H3,4 x 0 t:L%LZB? TL\r::
4. w t m ~ r : ,tp3m,>-jD
2. Who was standing here at that time?
I. TOB, z c i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f i i ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~

2. ;LLL,i%.h~L\EE
Lr=h)-
3. ?On$, C Z L ~ , X h \ ' ~ ' i ~ Llzk),
?b~b
4 . TOR?, ;~ c , ; ~ ~ r:,
~\afi>~
3. I am not reading a book now.
I . $LLi9, $Z?;;/L.TL>~@/L:
2. $!,Licfih\5*@;;z3BL~~
<
3. $!,LL4, .tl;@i%&r: BL',
4. $I\L~*%,~?/LTL~
7::~ ! I ' ~

3 . :hcDWSftti$Edd8& 5 CC, ( ) 2 :gEgZg$~\,

1. Is he watching TV? yes,( )( ).
2. Are you studying English now? No, I ( ( 1.
3. Will he be sleeping when I come home? No, ( )( ).
4. What were they doing then? ( )( ) playing tennis then.
5. Was she pronouncing the word correctly? No, ( )( ).
 1. He swims in the river. ( i~?r~tia>ki.:
He ( ) ( ) in the river. 1. ( 1(
2. It is raining now. (not ?fC-;,r:fi;-ZX~: )
It ( ) ( ) raining now. 2. ( 1(
3. She was singing happily. (eraitlz )
( ) ( ) singing happily? 3. ( )(

1. f@L&?aF%, 911*4Z%& TL@IIZ, €;%hT&-3 -cL\rzo

He ( ) ( ) at full speed to catch the train then.
1- ( >(
2. $ L T ~ 5 ~ % & L ; ~ , f l j F : ~ 1fJ$%CkIrS%L?L~BTLdc
'6&~, 3 ?,\I
( ) ( ) they be doing when we visit them? 2. ( 1(
3. $LTz5L&+, 6 f t % f 2 4 7 L \ Z T o
We ( ) ( ) lunch now. 3. ( )(
4. &&k k%LbL+, Z"fi%?Z&L7L\3T0
You and I ( ) ( ) English now. 4. ( 1(

6. ~ROZftOT;#3OtSYEEC<S%fi'R%$L\,
1. She cooking at this time yesterday. 1. (
2. Are they shut the window? 2. (
3. I will am listening to the radio while you sleep. 3. (

7. ( 1 F13cl)%Ef =7"3t<fi'RT. iELL\Zft%fFY%$L\O

1. Who ( 1 the 2 waiting 3 bus 4 for 5 is )?
2. Was ( 1 her 2 at 3 cleaning 4 room 5 she ) that time yesterday?
3. Whose ( 1 you 2 reading 3 book 4 are ) now?
1. ( 1 2.( 1 34
 I finished my homework. ;UA% t~xr:
I have just finished my homework. ,' 7: 3 -q .. . 7
8~{.E;%
I bought a car.
[ I have bought a car. She has gone to London. 402 F ~ I : L ~ ~ . . . $ ~ : ! E
You have already done your work.
<.
.E-
5ZC7r;C ... have @3;($ib;;;f? Have you done your work yet?
Yes, I have. 1 No, I haven't.
iI;-$*...have ~ @;;$ <
a ) f % inot You h-a-ye not do-ne your work yet.

2. %,%...R?ZbTa)%%GWb r - - L t c Z t : t j ; d j 6 ~
+ H ~ ' ~ ~ R T ~ : ~ ~ Jt~kh<%t\,
before (PLKI 1. ever (?%-Cic) ~ ~ L ~ I L ~ I ; & B
once, twice, -times, often, never I visited Hawaii.
f~ m -14 L ! ~ L I S E C C L , [ I have visited Hawaii

3. #E...3Sa)Bf+?3HEtji3RG%T#%LTL\&Ll:bRbrb.>t:--LTL\6_1
since - (-ll%),for - (-I:il) tr%lZJ~llL\l;4l&L 2q3L\o
I lived in Japan two years ago. 2 Biij
[ I have lived in Japan for two years. 2 +N
He was sick last week. 3=~71&57T L 7:
[ He has been sick since last week. ( 3 ~ )
jt:;m~y,~~->tr~;.;!;;'x(7~

-How
- - - - - long
.- . have you known her? Y t l < 5L>(ONlE?l)- ?

3j$j'$;z j'O*;;C;bk, BJ 5 ~ J \ ; ; C Z # ~ D ~ ~ , ~ @5Z[Tr]-q

~ ~,nT when
;~ZQ + , Z 2 tktfl$&L)\,
72fifi.j
+%OR,;-ti, &j& Tg;Q
tj ,
ago (-fit), last (5E-), yesterday ( f @ L l ) , then ( T-OFj), just now ( 35 E"?)~
x When has he gone to America?
o When did he go to America?
1. I ( )just done my homework.
1 am 2 have 3 was 4 were
2. She ( ) gone to Kyoto.
1 have 2 was 3 has 4 had
3. Have you ( ) to Hokkaido?
1 went 2 be 3 had 4 been
4. I have ( ) cooked dinner.
1 already 2 yet 3 ago 4 been

1. $Ah2 1 ~EIPn~,9-32755ir:o
I ( ) ( ) ill for a week. 1. ( >( )

3. 7rSktA3-~~1?Cz%r-3
~ L 275'&Q,
L
She has ( ) ( ) Europe before. 3. ( 1( )

4. mr~C.iL\-x+-eL Z L ~ Z A \ ,
When ( )( ) ski? 4. ( >(
5. 7Eh;lrbEzz t z j ? ? ~ \ a ~ \ ~
He has not come ( )( ). 5. ( 1( 1

1. He has lived in Hawaii for a long time.

I tzLrzz khy66 2 t t ~ r : ~ ~r:h )3c~ K A T L \ ~ ~

2. I have already washed my car.

1 5.k 5 2 2 T T K 3 EL\F:B

3. She has seen a panda before.

1 R7:lfh\i3iF? 2 R7L\& 3 kl7:Z khs66

4. It has been fine since yesterday.

1 LFt-lh\r? 2 @HZ?: 3 VHrP
1. Have you ever seen a ghost?
2. She has become a musician.
3. I have been busy since this morning.
4. Have you studied English yet?
5. He has gone to England.
6. I have never seen a panda.

1. He went to the bank. He isn't here.

He ( ) ( ) to the bank. 1. ( >(
2. My grandfather died about five years ago.
My grandfather has ( ) ( ) for about five years.
2. ( (
3. I haven't got a letter from her for a long time.
She hasn't ( ) ( ) me for a long time. 3. ( >(
4. Mike came to Osaka last year. He still lives here.
Mike ( ) ( ) in Osaka since last year. 4. ( >(

1. ?Eirtikti 1 8 % 0 6 1 5 \ 5 , ? C @ S $ Z L T L \ ~ - ~ ~
She ( 1 since 2 a car 3 driven 4 has ) she was 18. 1. (
2. Tjll~FC&5 5 25jSCzaiL\7z 2 z5T-6,
The train ( 1 just 2 has 3 at 4 arrived ) the station. 2. (
3. ?LrdC:A??rdBP@Hf:L 215'd39 b T h ) ,
Have you ( 1 such 2 seen 3 ever 4 a ) big egg? 3. (
4. 2 Z T h % ? @ r d < L b LYzh',
( 1 you 2 have 3 lost 4 where ) the camera? 4. (
~&&D&&!T$,~*J$L~!LZ, ?D@zTLZ$hf'~h';;T L 7 L \ r z c 2@$<-qC
(I have already finished the work.) 6 5 $$~r:
I had already finished the work. $%XT L & ~ ? L \ T C
I had already finished the work when he came. ... BF 2 &;BE
The train had already started when I got to the station.

~ ~ E D ; & , & R ! ~ J , ~ L?~hSk ~LJ\%

~D. $ h 4 7 D $ ~ Z ' i n i ? D F ; f - L Z . t % - > 7 ~k*&T,
\7~~
L T L z -,
(-Lr~sr;-/?an:jb?r.i~... -cL\rc)
She had gone to London.
She had gone to London when I wanted to visit her.
I had lost my watch bv the time I got there. 7co>~:ib~i;

L Z ~ L \ ~r-, Lr:z wmj3rCj ~ L \ ? , Z ~ + W : T ~

; L J ~ o & ~ R ~ , ~ ?DGZTLC
(He has been to America twice.)
He had been to America twice b-efor_e_the war.
I never seen a koala before I went to Australia.
We didn't_invite her because she had broken her promises many times.

B2D&&H$,&lZSL\T, 3?hk 5 fifjO$hf??gkf$!'iniT7 2 k f L \ 7 L > f ~2Z% & q c

(I have lived in Canada for ten years.)
I had lived in Canada for ten years before then. i@&O?D@3T
He had studied Japanese for three years before he cam-e to Japan.
She had been sick for two years before she entered school.

j&ZD& & El$,Gg&JLf!(z, T h k [J gizifjDjflgZP&Tfl$LzfJ 5

He showed me the watch which he bought. ... &~~ZJ'!~HDBZ
He showed me the watch which he had bought.
Because he had studied hard, he passed the exam.
= He studied hard, and passed the exam.
and 9 but 8FT!;QtfaQfitcLk, Z D k 5 rd85g 26Dh'jH;j@
1. His father ( ) for five years.
(1 was dead 2 has been dead 3 had dead 4 been dead) 1. (
2. She ( ) her homework by then.
(1 finished 2 has finished 3 have finished 4 had finished) 2. ( )
3. He wore the hat he ( ) the day before.
(1 bought 2 has bought 3 have bought 4 had bought) 3. ( 1

1. 7$FSL;h~?rit~7~@,
8BLkECZkkZ 9 7 t > 7 c c
The game ( have ) already started when they arrived. 1. (
2. $$LA, $LhPWL?&tf&ZT, I\.LLY l-%i;'Zk7zZ2hP8h\->7:,
He had never read "Hamlet" before I ( lend ) it to him. 2.(
3. ~ ~ ~ L L Y I~B L E ~Z ~ G
~ z~~ ~T ~, ) G G P ; - ~ G ~ ~ z ~
She ( is ) ill for a week when she was sent to the hospital. 3. (
4. %&LA$LLZ,izH, 13$i+%,F7 7: 2;-9
He told me he ( buy ) a bicycle the day before. 4. (

I . $L;fS',mr~%, ~ ~ . E Z L Z + J ~L~Z~ R
T L~\ ~~ ZJ ~T C
He ( ) already had breakfast when I ( ) up. 1. ( >(
2. $L.L,tA?DA+ZT, 6 ~FEFI%,?LZB~TL>~:~
I ( )( ) in Tokyo for six years before then. 2. ( (
3. $L1k, !rYhCUW?5fTir;jCZ, +fE% ,?t>J:,
I ( ) written ( ) Ken before he left Japan. 3. ( >(
4. 76kLi. $Lng13HLZG < L7;R?,ff-RR3lf iF=,
She ( ) the watch that I ( ) lost the day before.
4. ( 1(
1. I have never seen such a beautiful city as Kyoto, which I visited last year.

2. He showed me the camera which he had bought the day before.

1. $LbkZD?;*@LzAYT&Kjh>5, ffiLc%Kj%Rl~TL~7:,,
I ( 1 entered 2 known 3 before 4 his name 5 had 6 I ) this school.
1. (
2. ~ D S ~ D~ C I ~ Zw~w~zTr:o
Z A E Lr:,
She ( 1 she 2 had 3 heard 4 said 5 about ) the accident.
2. (
3. $!mz:zLrmC~tk, MCLT'T;"CLP+~~~ LTL\~:,
My sister ( 1 called 2 when 3 had 4 gone 5 I 6 out ) her.
3. (

1. I had never been to Shikoku till then. 1. ( )

2. I heard he had become a teacher. 2. (
3. I had been in England for a long time till then. 3. (
4. I had just finished my work when you came. 4. (
5. Until then I had never been to the US. 5. (
6. I had lived there for ten years when my father died. 6. ( 1
7. My family had already eaten when I came home. 7. ( 1
1. 3R?ZE7%?7%( 1
~&f~>r;flGdT$Whi L-r?~6QhYf+?&To
(They are discussing the matter.) (3) ~B%L-CL\B
They have been discuss& the matter. 2 ) ;z,;$LTL\~
(iiji5>5?-~
He has been w a t c h b TV for three hours.
I have been look& for her since then.
It has been snow& for a week.

-
2 . E!?ZR7Bt7% ( 2 )
~KE~$K$Z[LL~%T~~~,
$hfT'?)$l%Eb ~~ 'b
Ek
qG
?fi3%4$5
r ~t-tf~a~tl'l?
J M, HOW long -- ? %!$?,

I have lived in Tokyo for five years. dX%e-f%h?.~\6

I have been play& the piano for an hour. %tlfT-T-~kS%S S h f 7L\6
kZ872 You have been studying for two hours. Yes, I have.
Have you been study& for two hours? No, I haven't.
How long h-a-yv_e_
you b-eeeenstudying?
(I have been studying)For two hours.

(She has been sleeping for ten hours.) ~ f l -i --pH963 k...L?L\73

She had been sleep& for ten hours. ; --pSq?,
- 2-..LTL\TZ
He had been watch& TV for more than two hours when I c-am-ehere.

4. iBSR7B??%(2
aEa;riae,gz-pa~ K ~ E O R ~ + ~ - ~ Z ; ; ~ V ~
g?)]{'f:a$-
R{gl&-%TjfEfTR
?': 5
She had lived in Tokyo for a year when I met her. 4%E
He had been wait& for an hour when I came. +tlrT
I had been study& French for two years before I went to Paris.
I had been read& the book for an hour _b31_th-at-ti.-e_. TOII?~X-C~;
1. I ( wait ) for him for a long time.
2. He ( write ) letters all day.
3. They ( know ) her for seven years. 3. ( )
4. She ( teach ) English for five years. 4. ( )

1. 5RP,t;FII,ii! L?:B?, 7Biffl;f; 1 k5FIII$L\7L\?zC

He ( )( )( ) for an hour when he arrived at the station.
1. ( 1( 1(
2. 7fikcA?hZ?.7i;c1(2 FILE L7b\Tz,
She ( )( )( ) a brass band till then.
2. ( ( >
)( )
3. 7k?if'S127/9-- l-?I3R,3h\&Z T , , ~ ~ X $ L D % < ~ ; ? % ~ ~ T L ~ L \ T : ~
He ( )( )( ) with his uncle until he found an apartment.
3. ( )( 1( )
4. 3 s :I T~, U ~
T L Y , ~$LtmiGi:ftL-rb\r:a
~
I( )( )( ) Yokohama before I moved to Tokyo.
4. ( 1( ( )

1. It has been raining since the day before yesterday.

1. fil-lh)b -AH*, 1:[;ii5rL:t~TL'6.
2. -IY[:Rlt-[1$, 1:l:ih'l;:T->71>T~
3. - - t l ' p ~ ~ T - $ - J , P , l . \ : j h ~ ~ : f ~ 7 L \ r : ~
4. -lIT'Hh.i;-g~ &1l.j~G:f-->7L\& 1. (
2. My sister had been doing her homework when I returned home.
I. m q G ' c L r c ~ , a i s T~ T F E Q . F L T Lz6r:~r:~
~Z~
2. % ~ f i v ~ : . - c ~ rtr,~ ~~~*i;lt722ri@
-~-, ~ 7 ~ 1 5 ,
3. $!,fiQj,,:cgLr:flj. 5 'k 5 z ~ ( & + i ! ~ @ $ % + 7cL5r:Tr:7
rztr
4. $!,15';hic$bQflf, & l & b T [ ~ ' f & Z l g % ' : ; ? ~ 7 ~ ~ r ~ 2. ( )
1. I have been remembering him since I met him.
2. He has been watching TV when I called for him.
3. She had been sleeping when the telephone rang.
4. He had been playing tennis after I met him.
5. How long have you been waiting for her?
6. How much has the charge been costing? ( )( )

1. fE1$4$flh\1;-6'->2$fiFiW%ZLTL>&c
He ( 1 reading 2 since 3 a newspaper 4 been 5 has ) this morning.
1. ( 1
2. ~f$irfktdma-cwmL - ~ T L \ ~ ' L
She ( I a 2 been 3 walk 4 taking 5 had ) till then.
2. (
3. Z f i < I;L\Q)lI7, 'f;f3i'R97L\Qh\c
How ( 1 has 2 snowing 3 it 4 been 5 long )?
3. ( )
4. ;tiG7ct$, L4)jfij$!,i~hT237h\51iIZ?
L?L\7:h\,
What ( 1 you 2 been 3 have 4 since 5 doing ) the last time that we met?
4. ( )

1. I- .LLifiL&T&$iK, 72~J97Z-739T L \ k C
( 1 Tom 2 he 3 been 4 have 5 had 6 his
7 went 8 doing 9 before 10 homework 11 out ). 1. ( >
2. F - f i Z T , 2 0 < I ; L \ f , % % f 3 ~ - i T L ~ 7 ~ 0 T ' 6 h ~ ~
( 1 you 2 till 3 him 4 been 5 how 6 waiting
7much 8 for 9 long 10 had 11 t h e n ) ? 2. ( 1
 will, shall, can, may, must 82al&CL, be $hhI, have, do 'tflh$hu.12 LT+2btLB0
5?1;;laRff%5\
BhFl~ifi,da>?%l~Ck, < 8,
(1) be 5htl;d - B"IT% I am walking.
2?l~fillti".
I loved by her.
(2) have ;tT% I I finished the work.
(3) do FZPC~~A &J you like me? - R ~ ~ ~ J ; P I Oz;crrt'~~,
~O~~~C:I
f i Z 2 I & not like him. - ~ ~ ~ H J , , :2@4T& Io~o~~'z
I;% $1 I & love you. Gh,,pI (love) ;'rS$,JR
kV~5j~itlj4aNi&O$J71!1J- be 5h$fkFil c,
(1) i%Jfig4Lz ' 2L 8 L \ (533) He can swim. ... E k k Z ; : i ~ . t $ b l ; i ' s ~ ~ ~
(2) Dh$hd~3O%~k3tL~h~~~J4>Rfl3 He will come tomorrow.
(3) 1 . 2 @ 8 I can do it. Can I do it?
(4) 6ZPCk, ut13hitl,iid07%tL not @htL8 You must go. You must not go.

2 . will, shall
X%1;3R!f$ll@&THr;-Czffl~~8ni,?Olfil~G~>5~\58S:%ni;ti,B.
shall Ik_+,iSni 1 A$I;~)&+?,
l2jhtL6 L 2nidjj8, will 4?FRL\TGil;$b8L\,
He will be busy tomorrow. &A: I shall meet her tomorrow. lii-%E;i;%
We shall visit him tomorrow. lii.@AJ~ * 7' % 1) 7S4E,';?TLi,B<T will
will, shall tkhTF7 2 K k 8 2. Y3WIkG%@S.iTL275Ti66,
Shall I carry your bag? -L 3 L A i fi) ? Yes, please./ No, thank you.
Shall we dance? -
, . I btthfi> ? Zlfitr6 Yes, let's. / No, let's not.
Will you lend me some money? - L ? < $L8ii\fi>? (kt57
All right. / I'm sorry, but I can't.
Won't you come in? -
L % e h h \? ,I?%\
Yes, thank you./ No, thank you.

3 . would
(1) will O%&fP He said (that) he would come. n?;Lllm-F~
(2) B 1 She would oftm tell us the story. somet~mes&!tizf+b$L&
(3) B&aS3L\,3,ET She would not listen to my advice. k i L ? . t - L a L >
(4) H&b2<%! Would you help me? % Will you -- ? dc '1I- "
+
I would like to have a cup of tea. want to -- dc '7 r;"'

4 . should
(1) ~-T+$T:J xtg. 3,q You should come home earlier.
r-g-<$~&t,\~ You should not say such a thing.
(2) r - a h k ~ r ? ~fi47 She should arrive here tomorrow.
 1. fEiffC;kflRU,J%'I;SW+~'rETQf?53.
He ( ) leave for America tomorrow.
2. 7EiffktffC;k;t-a3fBt;K$$3f?5
3
She will ( ) the game.
3. nnB, $ ~ b ; t ; - f = x g ~ a ~ \ - s(3,rfo
I ( ) play tennis tomorrow.
4. $:A, 7EL&$fimc\QT< QT-675> ? LffC;kL), ?? 3 T-6,
( ) he go to China next month? Yes, he will.

1. %%Ellt% Lm 5 h>, L;~;L\, & I , R L \ L ~ T ,

( ) ( ) open the window? Yes, please. 1. ( >(
2. 7flRqu;'b L m 3 15\, L)L\X, b2.fPiT-6,
Shall I call him? No, ( ) ( ). 2- ( 1(
3. r a % $ ~ i e i ~ l~ ;- zr ~d - e L~\ L~\ T~T &~,
( ) ( ) send this letter? All right. 3. ( >(
4. F7'%MlfT < Inb-@/,k\, L\L>X, BT'6,
Will you open the door? No, ( ) ( ). 4. ( 1(
3 . :2o)B;drWo);$jR%%d&5CZ, ( 1 KIfi'GB3%;to)%f %Fi'Cr"%$L'O
1. 9ElQT@, ?:X%LbLm ih),
( 1 Will you 2 Shall we 3 Shall I ) play tennis this afternoon? 1. (
2. Z O/J\ZR%ZLT&lffbL m 3 h),
( 1 Will you 2 Shall you 3 Shall I 4 Do you ) read this book to you?
2. (
3. ?4>*6?-t.J137 < 4'l&@Lh\,
( 1 Will you 2 Shall we 3 Shall I 4 Do you ) cut down the tree? 3. (

1. He asked the question, but she refused to answer.

He asked the question, but she ( ) not answer. 1. (
2. I used to play with him.
I ( ) often play with him. 2. (
5 . :hcl)*cl) would cl)H% ( 1 -I!&% 2 -RCIJcl)-B 3 -?ELF. 4 - 3 B ) %.
?!$*T?sx&-21.'o
I . Would you like to have something cold to drink? 14 )
2. He said he would study French. 2. (
3. She would often play the guitar. 3. (
4. Everyone sleeps at night, but he wouldn't. 4- ( )

1. ; t j 8 ~ z C k ~ ~ @ ~ 5 ~ C ~ ~ ,
You ( ) ( ) your homework. 1. ( ( )
2. $ L C ~ ~ ~ E C ~ B ~ ~ Q < C T C ; I ~ ~ L \ ~
I should ( ) ( ) late for the meeting. 2. ( )( )
3. %87:M$EG5G'6<CTC;Ir&L\3
You ( ) ( ) cheat anybody. 3. ( >(
4. fEkh%5 O G 2j%E0
It is natural that she ( )( ). 4- ( >( 1
5. TO~Z;P;-LL,w;e k a <E$a A 3 l ; r + z s L r ~ ,
The doctor ( ) ( ) I should get up earlier. 5. ( >( )
6. E!+.Ck$fiC;, Z$5t$O~FiG@T& 5 I L Z T rzo
The teacher said that he ( ) ( ) for the exam.
6. ( 1(

1. I gave him some apples, but he ( 1 shall 2 will 3 should 4 would ) not eat them.
2. It is natural that he ( 1 would 2 should 3 will 4 shall ) speak German well.
3. You ( 1 should 2 had 3 ought 4 have got ) tell the truth.
4. ( 1 Can 2 Will 3 Would 4 Should ) you like to play with us?
I.( >2.( 1 3 4 )4.( )
 This is ( 1 ) story about a boy named Tom. Now, Tom is a lucky boy because
he lives near ( 2 ) river and he has a boat. A boat is ( 3 ) very nice thing to have.
But Tom's boat is a rather small one, and sometimes this causes problems.
Today, for example, Tom wants to take three things across ( 4 ) river- ( 5 ) fox,
( 6 ) goose, and ( 7 ) bag of corn. ( 8 ) problem is that they can't all cross the
river at ( 9 ) same time.
I.( )2.( )3.( )4.( 1
54 164 174 184 )
9- ( 1

1. $L?z%kkFlC~T-To
We are ( ) ( ) age. 1- ( 1( )
2. friL&E%@I-&,
Birds ( ) ( ) feather flock together. 2. ( 1( 1
3. fiaJ%zAkL\iA s . & ~ ~ ? C C ~ L \ ~LLk%0 ~
A Mr. Kato came ( ) ( ) you. 3. ( 1( 1
4. $LlEE&Rk4>k5 8 h C c 8 '3 kt\,
I ( ) ( ) be a Yukio Mishima. 4. ( 1( )

1. Todayis(1 day 2cold 3 a 4 t o o 5swim 6 t o ) .

1. ( 1
2. I have never met ( 1 kind 2 man 3 so 4 a 5 as ) he.
2. ( 1
3. ( 1 this 2 what 3 a 4 wonderful 5 is 6 dress )!
3- ( 1
4. He ( 1 handsome 2 as 3 is 4 a 5 boy ) as his brother.
4. ( )
 We enjoyed ourselves ( 1 ) much that we didn't want to leave. Everyone was
so friendly, and they were such helpf111 people, too. We've never made ( 2 ) many
friends before. There were ( 3 ) many restaurants that we ate ( 4 ) a different
one every evening. I've never had ( 5 ) good dinners. We ate ( 6 ) much that
we put on a lot ( 7 ) weight.
[ l s u c h 2 i n 3 s o 4of1 1.( ) 2.( ) 3.( ) 4.( )
5.( )6.( )7.( 1

I . $L,ikB;wa acz, 30 mw:,ZT,

It ( 1 half an hour 2 to 3 for 4 me 5 takes ) get to school.
1. (
2. < B f l g < a f l i t , %&ikMPYrrx?;LfdLI:,
He ( 1 day 2 to 3 continued 4 practice 5 after ) day.
2. (
3. (r'k%ik$AZCz274)&Z?,i5!ibi^k $ CCZTlz,
Our teacher ( 1 us 2 to 3 told 4 read 5 all ) the books.
3- (

1~ ~
) k~A6%%%
6. :ha)~tfta);$Pjti&%ji8&j~~8
( %~~%sL\o
1. %&FSktkh,'t\7#~Df1@1 eL_F111->7L\bT,
She keeps ( ) black and white dog. 1. ( )
.
2. cl~diRck 'r$O37k20k2fG7T75\,
Is Mr.Yamamoto ( ) principal of his school? 2. ( 1
3. ?a CDEtA l o v:$l:~&'3Z T ,
The CD shop is on ( ) tenth floor. 3. ( 1
4. ~ a ? ~ ~ ~ ~ k9??FIT~ < 7l ' L~\ Z~T 3o Z b
The planet goes around ( ) sun. 4. ( 1
m 1 i 7 l f 2. f$i;52 L749;h;h6Q3RIiiL;
1. ~ % ~ ~ P k f ' l Y I A ~ i ~ S - kind,
T beautifill, old, new, big, etc.
2. %kY!i?@&T many, some, little, one, two, etc.
3. 4 % this, that, all, each, etc.
a. FEZ a bin house, a kind girl, something new
fflik I have a & car. I want something to drink.
-thing ~$'<?3afcr,,;,i~ot$";.,
+~~~,;~11;t.~,;,lo~i;.5~;;;r:h~h
b. 3 My house is bin.
Eli& Her story makes me happy.

this, that, some, each, all, both r6 2 b ~ & i ~ $ ' , ~ ~ % % Z R5@;';d01l$tl3%'6&~

Y~7,

c is my house. 41:
2. & house is mine. I& [ 2
1. I lost
. 1 lost gl
J of
the money. %
my money. 41:
1. Each person has his own car. If2 1. Both men are gentle. IF?
[2. Each of the people has his own car. 41: [2. Both are gentlemen. 4i:

~fi]c;s:[%Tg
iri@&$fJ\,
2
' :?@$<$fJ)Tfl~ ,~,~lfJ~F~XllZ.?zQ.
\Qff57-SL

many books J dogs, pens, ...

much water J money, bread, ...

I ate a lot of oranges. %2

I ~I
I ate much bread. 'I !.

I have a few friends. Z2

I have some books. Z?
He has some money. 7

I have money. hi
He drinks !it& water. hi:

I no money. r~-1
I have !I!.

no friends. ?;2
1. SfrtZh%$EBi?iCZ 2, 3 DA7SgFlIZ L k o
A ( ) people arrived before the lecture started. 1. ( 1
2. L2LD9 ~fi*~7Sg9%-37L'& r3f-m0
We only have ( ) little gas left. 2- ( 1
3. ?n& r 2 2, 23Tr 2C;jrEllr:,
To know is one thing, to practice is ( ). 3. ( 1

1. <',l 575'1924?$3-37222Lir;h'o
Did you bring ( ) bread?
2. 7k759?A&~cL'DTThCo
I'd like ( ) water, please.
3. ?=4--$Y bL~9L$I%75~&'7
ZT0
There is ( ) tea in the teapot.
4. % L M 4 7 23 fRD$%,RL'% Lr:,
I bought ( ) pen and three books.

1. I didn't buy some milk.

1 2 3 4
2. There is many food, but not little to drink.
1 2 3 4 24
3. A little students are going to fail the exam.
1 2 3 4 3.( 1
4. This soup is good. Will you have any?
1 2 3 4
1. % & L z ~ A % A O E Z ~ ~ ~ L \ E ~ T ~
He has ( ) ( ) friends. 1. ( 1(
2. f&CcCkEAk?&2L\Z@tL0
He ( ) ( ) friends. 2. ( >(
3. $.r bD@C;ii7l.t75%"J/\&9 Z T o
There is ( ) ( ) water in the pot. 3. ( >( 1
4. $,r b O@C~127k1i%2?%fz->TL\Z-tfL,
There is little ( ) ( ) in the pot. 4. ( 1( 1

1. He spent all the money he had.

He spent all ( ) the money he had.
2. Neither of the ways is easy.
Neither ( ) is easy.

1. 718 ( )-eighths
2. 114 one-( )
3. 1935 nineteen ( )-five

1. ET;hF;h$%-4>H&%ti;l-~7L\ZTo
( 1 own 2 his 3 person 4 has 5 each ) taste. 1. ( )
2. ~ - r - % ; 5t -m,\fiwiw7~\.
( 1 cup 2 you 3 would 4 like 5 another ) of coffee?
2- (
3. 2030 @ltCzi~2$75';%itTB2 L \ 5 'i;-Z-%GC ZTh\,
Do you believe the prophecy ( 1 says 2 the earth 3 will 4 be 5 which )
destroyed in the 2030s?
3. (
1 . %RQE@bb3JR
-.
~ i ~ J ~ ~ ~ l ~ G $ f i ~$JJFJO~I$~~~~?IT&&~
k f $ ~ ~ $ O -2+bZgbf6f~CiT?i$,
~~~, 1 . $!J:ZJO~?~%,
2 . 357, 3 . X E *;F?I'&S, In. 3 T t >50

He spoke. He drives a car.

He spoke slow1 . He drives a car carefully. 2~
--TY
Now he can easily finish the work alone. -, - -
- --;clp . ZR.
6G;Hp*'
--c
Tz25.-4-w.I] ,7
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never
.I-
-fi.~gj~:q~$j She always watches TV.
be $j~&iJaE He is seldom at home.
a$h;%~af% I have never been to America.

2. %BBFibE%Tb3J3
so, too, very, enough 8 2 ODI,di$, E?36~12b%fW'68,
I am so happy.
The question is too difficult.
She is verv kind. He is verv tall.
He was kind enough to show me the way.
The ground is large enough to play baseball.

3. 3JAEE%bQ3JR
very, so, too, enough % 2 ~;;llidbk, (ftka) Sll,~12fl%filF-4-
6,
n
He wilks slohly. You eat too much.
He walks sloyly. You walk fast.
u
I got up early enou h to catch the first train.
d
4. ftf @EE%Tb3JtFi
happily, fortunately % 2O;f;'llZJi$,3 ? 8 ~ 7 ~ ' - h T225?{$%li%f6'6&
~&
1. They li\.fed hadpilv for a long time.
2. Happily, they lived-_ - -.-.fora!ong. time.
-.

fortunately J:-;'$Lz L Fortunately, he passed the exam.

unfortunately .r;;%cz L Unfortunately, he lost his son.
actually 'E I:?i z Actually, I don't like Japanese food.
hopefully l m < ~tf Hopefully, we will win the gold medal.
1. Y 5 h>i%h~C;BkT< t ' ~ k L \ h >$LI&bk
~ .j 2 L 7 L \ B L E c
Would you play ( ), please? I'm trying to sleep.
2. ? R ~ ~ ~ R I ~ I ~ ~ ~ @ ~? ~J ~~T~~ T ~ G%~ E! ~T? $+ ~T LL%~%~; ~F $ Z T ~ ~
He has seen lots of traffic accidents. So he drives very ( ).
3. $ L ~ & $ A ~ ~ $ I L ? M ~ ; $ T &y~ F
. <; &~~$; ,i ' ~ ~
I got up ( ) in the morning in order to study for two hours.
( 1 early 2 fast 3 quietly 4 very 5 carefully )
I.( 124 )3.( )

1. U A T 2-66 HLC&. ~ 0 F %+ Y ~ Ln1.t

~ L~'L&L>~
( ) I will go to Germany this winter. 1. ( 1
2. XCA?%L?z;'@%f$%kL'O
He is ( ) absent from school. 2. ( 1
3. ~ L C ~ L ~ T S ~ ~ / V ~ > ~ ~ - Z % ~ E Z T ~
Tom ( ) watches the TV news. 3. ( )

1. Hcnry isn't very strong.

He can't lift the rock.
Henry isn't ( ) ( ) to lift the rock. 1-( 1( )
2. She is very clever.
She can find another job.
She is clever ( ) ( ) find another job. 2. ( )( 1
3. Rose is very beautiful.
She can be a movie star.
Rose is beautiful enough ( )( ) a movie star.
3. ( >( )
1. $Lt&&4TF7zo %?&%?I' 5L75j73x,!EL\a
I ate too much. ( ), I don't feel well.
2. fh!?L&&3 ~ Z I Z E Z ? ~ Z T & L \ ~
He ( ) gets angry.
3. f@fikt&P-B+ZJLc .
G $LZ?BfiLfT < 417~~
She was ( ) enough to help me.
4. W'IZ 9 , ~ L ~ Z ~ M ~ F EI-XY ~CW\ X~ ~ ; ~ 5C Z ~ A
( ), we were able to see her before she left for Boston.
5. $ L t & k < $ P 2 4 M t 1 t1~+ P t ~ - k - 1 fi@$flfiI~t 5 Z T o
1( ) have two eggs, a slice of bread, and a cup of coffee for breakfast.
I 1 kind 2 seldom 3 fortunately 4 naturally 5 often 1
1 4 1 2 4 1 3 4 )4.( )5.(

1. &&7zi&, 7&2%26 CGL\O%5iY&9 Z T

You are brave ( ) to fight him. 1- ( )
2. t O f V n ' l t ~ $ f L T 3 ' 6
This question is ( ) difficult. 2. ( )
3. %$I,~ ? ~ G ? O ~ T F I I ZGt'LaL\7?5
%A 5
( ) nobody will be able to answer the question. 3. ( 1
4. 7 ~ ? k t & 5 2 0 ~ R Z ? # i 2 ~ A T L ' Z @ L
She hardly ( ) her father's face. 4. ( 1

1. 2Ol?iUh,lfktZY7 I- $--lLZ? L Z T b ,
How ( ) do you play softball?
2. $LI&A%4$9--@U$ %To
I ( ) play the guitar.
.
3. %arZt;f; 7 ~ 710~~ I \Z C ~ $ : Z T ~ P ~
Do you ( ) go to bed at ten?
4. B4TF7t&L'1$Z@LO
Don't eat ( ) much.
YFfi
at
in
on
J
" at the bus stop, at the door, at the end of the street
~ k E W ~ l i ; ~ ~ ~ M F f ithe park, h the room, b Japan
7.fZmi t4M on the field, on the grass, on the desk, onthe wall
above d; 9 L;L\t;iiFt The plane is flying above the clouds.
below d; 'I ~EL\!I'C;;?: He lives on the floor below us.
over !%I: There is a bridge over the stream.
under 5r;tz The subway runs under this street.
between Mr. Sato was standing between Nancy and Bill.
among You may divide this money among you three.
to I walked the door. We went @ Canada last year.
for She left for China yesterday.
toward She was running toward the station.
across The ball rolled across the street.
through We walked through the woods.
along I walked the beach / the river.
around The earth moves around the sun. % aroond=round

at I usually get up at six in the morning. 1 noon .at night

on I often go to church on Sunday. / on Christmas
in School begins .I.April. 1 1945 1 the evening
within Please come back within an hour. I % ~ e ~ ~ , ~ h l i z
in Please come back an hour. I u-.t~ar:7 r: 5
after He came back after an hour. 1 ~fiY4lW1z
for for two hours, for a week, for three years
during during the concert, durina the vacation
through (all) through the night
from We live here from April to November.
since We have lived here since last year.
until I waited for her until five o'clock.
by He will come back & six o'clock.

1 MFl. E23 . from -T Wine is made from grapes. / of -7, into -I;
2 ~~~
IT!&• of -T My father died of cancer. / from, at, for -T
3 + by -T I go to school & bus. I in, \Nith % foot
1. Peter is ( ) the kitchen.
2. He comes ( ) Kyoto. (;r%a&?)
3. The man jumped ( ) the pool.
4. He is ( )home.
5. I waited ( ) the bus.

1. ~~;I~F;EW[IWTL\Z~.
He is walking ( ) the stairs. 1. ( 1
2. f$&tt;ZifiL\lZtE~TL\3T~
She is running ( ) the road. 2- ( )
3. %R&%@fiT6H3it; , i-kZ L&$ L ) ~
Be carefill when you walk ( ) the street. 3. (
4. VIL~.~@BZT~I~LTL~~~@~T&@RT~%A.
Look at the plane flying ( ) the building. 4. ( )

1. We sat and ate ( 1 down 2 under ) the tree.

2. The man is shouting ( 1 next 2 below ) my window.
3. He tells me everything. There are no secrets ( 1 among 2 between ) us.
4. School starts ( 1 on 2 in ) Monday.
5. He studied hard ( 1 while 2 during ) the winter.
6. Turn to the left ( 1 in 2 at ) the next corner.
I.( 1 2 4 134 144 1 5 4 164 )
1. rYP2bi$A~%a7%3 iz% 9 Z T o
My school is ( ) my house.
2. ?O$R7Ti& , @lw2EkX - ~ ~ - - a K ~ K9&%To
The bank is ( ) the post office and the supermarket. 2. ( 1
3. ?a~t$77RiA2:a~t:@jR/LTL\ZTa
The plane is flying ( ) the clouds. 3. ( 1
4. ? a ~ l ~ i & ~ - , ~ f 9i %To
GO~~~&
The park is ( ) to the library.
5. f&t&?OLXb 3 2 h \ i ; f e 7 3 2 L k ,
He went ( ) of the restaurant.

1. Let's meet at eight ( 1 in 2 on ) the morning.

2. I waited ( 1 until 2 by ) nine o'clock and then went home.
3. She will leave ( 1 to 2 for ) New York tomorrow.
4. He went to Tokyo ( 1 on 2 in ) business.
5. I go to bed ( 1 in 2 at ) eleven o'clock.
6. There is a house ( 1 after 2 behind ) the hill.
I.( )2.( )3.( )4.( )5.( )6.(

1. Can you visit me tomorrow ( ) one and two o'clock? 1. ( )

2. We took a trip ( ) the summer vacation. 2. ( 1
3. The money was divided ( ) her four children. 3- ( 1
4. Mother looked ( ) my child while I was in New York last year.
4. ( )
@ , % I , and, but, or, for, so jFs FhT&7;,
3 4 $ @ F Z l ; ~ ] F ~ h \ f i & ~ ~ ? ?2; (L j\ :5( ~ i
1. and =e ~7 I like English and math. I went home and went to bed.
$+A+ and = - L ~ $ L \ . ? i t h ~ d H - u ~ uand p , you'll be in time for school.
2. but L ~ > L He is poor cheerful. He passed the exam, but I didn't.
3. or % Will it be fine a rainy tomorrow?
-
;;;i+*+ or = L ~ ' ~ s L ? \ , 5 ~ k ~ \ t l Hum-up,
. - .-..
. a you'll miss the train.
4. for k l i \ i a)ci He wasn't afraid, for he was a brave man.
5. so - 6 I was tired, so I went to bed early.
L\5.
&QZEh'Xlla)$,%J2b;~U~L~T-~~t~~T~~l4)~4i11$%-68.5,a)@tARtl4E$;2
1. both A and B Both he and his brother are tall.
2. not only A but also B She ate not only cake but (also) cookies.
3. either A or B He speaks either English a Spanish.
4. neither A nor B I speak neither Chinese nor French.
5. not A but B She is not my sister but my friend.

MTI2 fZEf3i@$?iS+G$2;40~ , , < that,if,whether

~ ~ l ~?%~&
~6 ~
1 That vou study hard is important. S
Whether he can do the work is a difficult question. S
2. , I thought that she was kind. I wonder if he will visit me. 0
3. M dE The fact is that I don't know anything about it. C
4. Fl $3 The-fact that he is ill is well known. id4%
$l];;J$$@lr;i < j&~T,;zJ
1 7 when When I entered the room, I saw a stranger. -0
while While I was in London, I often went shopping. - 0FW
until (till) Please stay with us until our mother comes back. - 2 7
2. 53% because I was absent from school because I was sick. --a>?"
since I was late for school since I missed the bus. - a ~
as I stayed home yesterday as it was very cold. --a)?"

3. %4+ if If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.

- 6 L-86
unless Unless you stop that, I will call the police. L L-?"aL\tiI?
4. 33% though Though he is poor, he is happy.=Although -r:~ifiz.t
even if I don't mind even if I fail the in the exam. T:~,%-TL
1 . Za)B*fra);$Fk&3!??& 3 CC, ( ) CCh5Bsg 2 3 5 E g z e 3 ~ t ~
1. f i - > E < " ? j 3 8 Z L \ ,? 5 ' 6 ; h C ~ ~ I ~ 1 ~ E ~ ~ X Z ' s 0
Go straight on, ( ) ( ) will see a post office.
1. ( 1( )
2. 2 , 3 ' 8 Z L \ , Z G a L ~ k Y k ~ l z E t l F E ' 6 k o
Huny up, ( ) ( ) will be late for school.
2. ( 1( )
3. 3J,"OIkEPRbzGL\CZL~53 L Y L \ ~
( ) ( ) see me next Saturday. 3. ( )( 1
4. $ L C ~ ? - Z C Z L %khT,
! J ~ - ~$ L O % C ~ L \ ~ L ~
I was not there, ( ) ( ) sister was. 4. ( 1( 1

1. 6 8 7 z E L f T 8 < , 7fikGi*;fThT&?50
( 1 she 2 you 3 not 4 but also 5 only ) is to blame. 1. ( )
2. 687~GfEG?;h%Fdi':L 2h%L\0
( 1 nor 2 neither 3 you 4 has 5 he ) sccn it. 2. ( 1
3. tfiiffknclh;,raT& c 2 C A ~ ~ W T L ~ L \ ,
( 1 she 2 home 3 will 4 come 5 that ) is not certain. 3. ( 1
4. ff!iCik-%!%@aG%TBh\ L 1;,
( 1 if 2 will 3 work 4 wonder 5 he ) hard. 4. ( 1
5. ffi#&$.7EiT6Qh~fih~Ck. ~:L\L~:E~;ETC~~LL
( 1 is 2 he 3 whether 4 rich 5 or ) not doesn't matter much.
5. ( )
I ~E ~ ) Z S = P ~ R ~ ~ L ~ ~
C ~~ c~ c( ,) C Z A . ~ B ~ ~ t; S
3. : A ~ ) H * * ~ ) S R C&
1. $ L T W T ~< f f i k ~ ~ - - a zrf x~ kfii&a0
~
She as well as I ( ) been to Rome.
2. El 4>EB 5 -5CZ 7 Li;I%15;h3 ( Pf-R%ZhTTk )
Make hay ( ) the sun shines.
.
3. %I& f&h'~ZSh'b&h \ 2 5 h\/N\h\5kL\,
I don't know ( ) he will succeed or not.
4. DFIElE75'B458Cftllif, 9lZfS3Z'ifo
P3-3~

We will go on a picnic unless it ( ) tomorrow.

[ 1 have 2 during 3 while 4 if 5 has 6 rains 7 whether 8 will rain 1
I.( )2.( )3.( )4.( )
1. $Lik~;EG7.32X,,GGL117;@GL~0
I can speak ( ) English nor French.
2. $ l , i k M ~ ~ E i 5 ~ I ; T<i 7,
k 8 Ml;f LGLffiifG 1;8L\h\L;4-LF@RGL\,
I don't watch TV, not ( ) I don't like it but because I must study.
2. ( 1
3. ~ M 0 l J ~ ~ ~ [ & 5~, fG@G1;, j T L & Il:il:firithCTP37L\&h>L;,
It will rain this afternoon ( ) the barometer is falling. 3. ( )
4. %"fiL&4$11A T k 7 ' % hT+Li%ZfiZio
I)

English is spoken in ( ) England and America. 4. ( 1

1. Not only you but also she is beautiful.

She as well as ( ) ( ) beautiful. 1. ( 1( )
2. I don't play either tennis or baseball.
I play ( ) ( ) nor baseball. 2- ( 1( )
3. Go and see who it is.
Go ( ) ( ) w h o it is.

1. $Lik7f$l~t~nat3A:&h~kjFzd;tafz~
I asked him ( ) ( ) would come the next day.
1. ( 1( 1
2. 7fiixlk7$l/ h7Y%%?LX%, 'if'3 ~ J Z R ~ C Z L \ & T ~
She has been in Kyoto ( ) ( ) came from America.
2- ( 1( 1
3. ,Z,E!&?52~?33&9~(Sf;)
( ) ( ) is a will, there is a way. 3. ( 1( )
4. ~ - : ~ X - # ~ ! E G ~ ? J J Lf&M$f@~?5Zk153,%%GL~,
~~G,
( ) ( ) works hard, he can't afford to buy a car.
4. ( >( 1
5. 7$kckf4~7:tffi2e,, !2>~3iXL\,
Child ( ) ( ) is, she is thoughtful. 5. ( 1( 1
Second Steps to English Grammar
R;JinL \y .;;"4EXiL;-+ 5 f -

%7Tz FEZ -@ Kazunori Nagumo

yCfTr$ fir^^$^ fiz:q
T 162-0801 %Z%l;%fil8Rd 361
IL~~IIIJ
NAN'UN-DO publishing CO.,Ltd.
361 Yamabuki-cho. Shinjuku-ku. Tokyo 162-0801. Japan
EF:.ar+ : 00160-0-46863
TEL : 03-3268-23 1 1 ( if& j / FAX : 03-3269-2486
$G%!fi K.Atsu

Printed in Japan

E-mail nanundo@post.ernail.ne.jp
URL http://\vww.nanun-do.cojp