otf

o Virtual WoTk or Virtuol Wark Prmciple

Principle

Bernoulli. l t states that in the

Iniroduced by the total
equilibrium stade of a defor*med body,
work is zero. The principle of virtual
viTiual
in two d i t ieTent for ms: the principle
woTk is used
and the
of virtual
pTinciple
of virtual foreces

displacements.

of virtual disploce ment is mosty used.

Principle
de for med body
1s undeT equui brium
a
Com sider
difBerent torces and moments.
to
while subjeet has underame
consider that the
detormed
body
Also,
viTtual displace m e n t s .

ome can wTIte

Thus
+)su, dn =o

Nou

)-4()

Als

Putting &i n 0,
+
2 5u)- j 5ej +
f5u;d =o

f 5u d =

Jn
T , 5u; ds + , 5u,dn - y seyd

t 5u ds + | s u ; dn sUdn =
s|U da

W SW'

U sirain e ner9 density

w' =
U da amd SW' is the internal virtual

woTR.
is the external virtual wark.
SW

From9
sCw+v) = o V = -

wis total
enteral work done.

w+V
1
Virtual work PTinciplee
 ment theories
Dis plac :

Camsi deeT he Taylor series ex pansin aB The

displacement alnthe -direction abaut z =o
u z=« as

uCx,,z) = u
Cz, z)+z. . . +
3 ztt
wik Hrst ordJar
Truncating after The term
we have
derivative ,

C, 9,z) =
uCo3 + z 0gCa, 3)
S
s TRpTesam tad by 8,x,9)
hTAthe unbnoun
shrt span aa
abaut pon
a

Taylor seriis is valid ovar

fun ehm cam ba

ehom ge in t
Such That The ineramam tal ot TRat paint.
dami vahvas af tk funchion
tR
s h matad by
directiom is usualy emsi darad as
Sinee the thicaness much sYmaller tRam
and The tKiehmess is
t a z- direc hon Tan
dimamsims af a structura
d T +ws abaukz-o.
cmsidared "abaut zea.
dr u ( a , 9, 2) is cmsidared
SeTiAs xpansim
almg y- ditecham
Simi lary ,
the displa.cament, v

as
com be xpTassad

v Ca,z) = V» Ca, 5) + z
e,C,)
mamB w al cma Thu z- diraction
If The tha displace
ba constont, R rasulin
is assumed to
sheodurrmahicn
is called k a i r s t ordar
TRuery
Tesry CFSDT
and
is9iven by
u Ca 9,z) = u (a,9) +z B,C,9)

vC,,z) =
V. C% ) + z
&y (a,)
w . )

TAYASant
Physically, C*,) , V.Ca,) am d
W. C%)
a t om p cint m ratLTAna
R a i a l disp lacamamts
al ona y- amd di YAcHoms, T e s pechvy. z-
plane 7 : o along - ,
The tunchms Bx , y ) amd Gy C,y) aprsent

The rotahnsof any mrmal to Tk refarama

but obsarvad
plone-a) )witk respact to z- axis
in z omd yz. plomes, Tespectivaly, The figura
dammsrates tR FSDT
below geometTically

u Uot z &

Wo

|zBy V V +zey
 FTOm he FSDT, ha transveT sA shear strains
com be obtai ned as

+ ,+

yz + e ,+
we tind
If z amd z are mealected ,

W cam d

as
Thus, T FsDT is augmented
u Ca,z) = usl, ) - z W

v C,,z) = V. C*,5) z
-z

wC, WCx,)

and The Tesulhmg Thaary is callad classica

plate shell thasry.

abeam elassical +kaery is

In case

beam Theary r Enginuring

called classica beam TRory amd
Eulur Baneui
beom Thor
is givan by
z
W md w(x, z) » W.Ca)
uCa, 2 =
us C ) -
v C, z) v.V. ( ) -
z