calculus of voriotion

Introduction to

solutims
find the exact
canmot
Many otten we
variable. But wee
wwe

funetion or dependent
of a
as an admissi ble
of solutiom
assume the for m the essential
boun dary
satisties
functiom which tunctioms may be
admissible
Such
cmditicms onuy. arbitraTy in
and
for a porticulaT problem solutims for the
many descTibes the
mumber. Fiqure i loaded beam.
deflectiam of a
exact
solutim wC«) is the
The assume
solution. We can also
the solutim given by WC«)
as shown in Fig.1.
w:exact salutio0WC)+«mC
At o , WC =
WO =O
O.
at
Ym()= o
and it cam toke any Teal
Here
Here o1S a parameter WC) =
w( One can

scalar value except L zero. o,

at n20.

ot 1C*) such that C2) = a

the torm
as sume
essemtial boundary comditions,
s a t i s t i a s the
Since WC the
funehm. Simce by varying
it is anadmissible a
addm
missi ble
issib le imnumerous
asume

value ot , can we
funetin wik
im the v a u of the
the change
funchioms, solutiom tor amay valu of * is
respect to the exact
it is WC) C) W oyCa). his chamaa
ar bitr aTy amd the value of the.
5W. Such a ch anqe in
is denoted by exact
functi on o r the dependent variable with respect to
solutiom for a tized value of the inde pendent variable
variation ot The *uncti om
dependent
r the
is called the
The symbol s which
voriable. It c a m be obser ved that
c a l l e d the vafiatima
i s t r eated a s a n operator
operator
behaves ike a ditterential operator as tollaws;

Consi der atunction,t oB , w and w' where z is

The independent vaTi oable while w amd w' are tumctims
O.nd dapen damt a T i ables. The total di fferential
ot
of f is given by
df da + dw + 2t dw' -0
 wTitten as
variatiom of + is
The
sf 5w +
W
W'
w
the vaTiation ot +, 2 does not chonge
ch ange
During
During
Sn o Also, dm o.
Hence,

df =
dw + 3 dw
it be observed that
Comparing
amd , can

5 is similar to the
The voriati cmal cperatar
differential operator.

Some Tules:
sf,+5f
(f, +f) =

6
 tunchm
Existence of, a stran eneray dams1ty
ond Consthtutive relatiang

solid oecupying a aluma l

v
Considur a dtormad
to t e r r na tra.cim £Cm).
omd subectad
efarrna fores is
The fth
Power
ds
P : da +
t, Cn)u;

4 da +] ;"u ds
Naw,

Aaain d

+4Cy+á) d-

i,
d n +)',¬gda -
Using i m 0,

P ( + ) u da + iy dn

fuu d +

Kinene ener)y 15
IS 1VaM
V&n by

K d K =
fuüdn 5
 Using ) in

P K; E d
Is

The Las d Ther modymamucs

IVRm by

K Uda P+Q

wu Uis imtarna Rm Pa um
to
vsum amd Q1s +R Raasemgy-input
sy3tam.

trom k e ,
Ei d +å
K + U do = K i
('u d a =

tr
For adiabaie procass, a =o. Thus
emeudd
ba
voumu, it
cam

or bitrory
R
v-seajaercrmsndalitanval caa b

= di,6ij

is ncon d E::
a t h seid daturms
 e U
1 me ho U

ars 9s damg
Aeern
clld
celladsh aav

a pessassime sueh bo n APPAIY)

une h calhd hApary lasi
dans y
evGvA nsbe

cansh. hva ala hen

also 1
d

Ne us
wmatarmol
dK
math& mathcal modemod

eydayA lo pino
lhons an alastie d L d, Th
con stuuiv
dam unc hon RIP m d a d
siy
Toles seris abouE

U +CEi + Cie Ei Exa t Ciamn f x t ,

Luhan C Ci
a 1n a C on s t o t s

omd sml s h n s 0

R ASSpd

U C +

Rcol Ks.
o'v Ew mi nj
 U
6mn oEmn
= Cmn + Cmn KaEe + imn Ei3

6 Ci; +
CijkR Exae

hrass
C TApTASAmBs TR ink
tsSkd.
sass im
Tasi dual
In T osamu } such si dud s a ss,
may uwita
W

covkuka aahon
=
Ciie E
:
an
un lashe e a
Cylan ke
Ci a
emstanb T slka.

s he sikd baying w r , ralalk

calhs Cuar ska maltaia