Phoenix Rising from the Ashes: A Narrative Analysis of a Woman

Surrenderee who Recovered from Illicit Drug Abuse

A Narrative Research Presented to Department of Arts and Sciences

UM Tagum College
Mabini Street, Tagum City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirement for the subject
Field Methods

CABULAO, TRIXIE
HUMOL, JOHNME
MATUTINA, NOVA MAE
PRATO, JUSA ALDREA

May 2023

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 ABSTRACT

The Duterte administration's anti-drug campaign, or Oplan Tokhang,

tries to persuade drug addicts to surrender and stop their illegal activities. In

accordance with this concept, the Municipality of New Bataan launched a

community-based program to help in the recovery of the surrenderees. This

research explores the life of a woman surrenderee who have recovered from

illicit drug abuse, utilizing qualitative approach through in-depth analysis of

narrative to better conceptualize human experience . The aim of this study is

to understand the experience of the woman before engaging in illicit drugs,

during her surrendering and her life after recovery. Being a mother is a

demanding job that comes with a lot of duties, including preparing for your

children’s bright future. One of the main drivers of improvement is being a

mother and loving your children. The results of this study demonstrate the

critical role that motherhood plays in the participants journey to recover,

support from family, which is where the study participant finds strength, and

support from the government and the different intervention it provides.

Keywords: Illicit drugs, community-based program, motherhood, Oplan

Tokhang, Woman surrenderee

Table of Contents

2
 I. Introduction
Page Number:
Background of the study
4
Reasons for Illicit Drug Abuse
5
Effects of Illicit Drug Abuse on Human’s Development
6
Treatment 7
Research Problem 9
II. Methodology
Research Design 10
Research Participant 10
Research Instrument 11
Data gathering procedure 12
Data analysis 14

Ethical considerations 14

III. Results and Discussion

16
Summary 36
Implications 37

References 38
Appendices 45

CHAPTER 1

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 INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Illicit drug abuse is one of the largest health problems the world is

facing today. Illegal drugs are typically labeled as illicit drugs by the Drug

Enforcement Administration (DEA), these are substances that have little or no

medicinal benefit and a high potential for abuse, dependency, or addiction

(Farache, 2018). Meanwhile, the use of certain chemicals to produce

pleasurable effects on the brain is referred to as drug abuse (Mandal,2023).

When prescription or over-the-counter drugs are used for purposes other than

those for which they were given, abuse occurs. There is a blatant sex gap

while consuming illegal substances. There is a blatant sex gap while

consuming illegal drugs. Men are more likely to abuse drugs and are prone to

visit emergency rooms or die from overdose compared to women (National

Institute on Drug Abuse, 2020).

It has pandemic proportions in the Philippines and is one of the top

items on the government's agenda. Ninety percent (90.47%) of those admitted

to the center are male illicit drug abusers, compared to only about nine

percent (8.83%) of those who are female. The ratio of men to women is 10:1,

and the mean and median ages are also 33. According to data, illicit drug

abuse is most prevalent among those between the ages of 18 and 25 (United

Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2018). Based on the reports, the onset of

drug misuse cases in just the Philippines ranges from 15 to 19 years of age

(Dangerous Drugs Board, 2021) the alarming fact is that cases are getting

younger.

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 According to a 2012 United Nations report, the Philippines had the

highest rate of methamphetamine abuse among countries in East Asia; about

two percent of Filipinos between the ages of 16 and 64 were

methamphetamine users (Simbulan et al., 2019) thus, making

methamphetamine also known as "shabu" or "poor man's cocaine as the most

commonly used illicit drug in the Philippines.

In New Bataan, Davao de Oro Province, illegal drug-related offenses

accounted for about five percent of all crimes in 2016. However, according to

the Crime Statistics for 2016 and 2017 reports from the New Bataan Municipal

Police Station (2018), it went up by two percent in 2017. The drug problem is

viewed as a serious security and health concern in New Bataan, according to

the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (2018) (Pelegrino,

2022).

Reasons for Illicit Drug Abuse

Abuse of illegal drugs is a complex problem that manifests itself

differently for each person. Numerous factors can lead someone to start using

and abusing drugs. Curiosity is one of them. The need to be curious is a

natural aspect of life, and teenagers are not exempt from it. Several teenagers

begin experimenting with drugs out of pure curiosity and a desire to know

what it feels like. They believe they are unbeatable when they are teenagers.

They don't think anything negative can happen to them, even though they are

aware that drugs are bad for them (Sclar, 2023). Additionally, peer influence is

another role. According to a 2016 poll by the National Institute on Drug Abuse,

1.9 million teenagers between the ages of 12 and 17 had taken illicit drugs

5
within 30 days of the survey. The majority of these teenagers claimed that a

peer had offered them alcohol or drugs. When their closest friends offer them

drugs or alcohol, it is doubtful that teens will refuse since they want to fit in

and be liked (Quinn & Wahed, 2022).

Effects of Illicit Drugs on Human’s Development

Young individuals who abuse illicit drugs regularly sometimes have a

wide range of issues, including issues with their physical, mental, and social

development. Teens who abuse drugs typically lose skills in several crucial

areas of brain development, such as impulse control, the capacity for pleasure

and reward, sensory perception, emotional growth, decision-making abilities,

the capacity for planning or thinking ahead, task completion, memory, and the

capacity for learning new things (Quinn & Fletcher, 2022).

Illicit drug usage can result in weight loss, along with other visible

physical changes including altered behavior. Participants who were either

normal weight or underweight in a study on women and HIV prevention had

significantly higher rates of drug use, particularly heroin abuse. Another study

of male cocaine users revealed that consumption was linked to a reduction in

body weight, particularly in terms of fat mass (Alyssa, 2020).

Unfortunately, social repercussions might happen when abuse occurs.

A person who struggles with illicit drug abuse and got addicted may lose their

friends, which frequently strains connections with friends and family. These

connections may be emotionally charged, and as a result, some people may

decide to cut off contact with the abuser because of their actions. A drug

abuser may also be dismissed from a university. Alcohol and drugs are not

6
permitted on school property and using them may result in legal

consequences (Center, 2020).

Treatment

The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Office on

Drugs and Crime (UNODC) view Community-Based Treatment and Care

(CBTC) programs for drug users and abusers as the option that offers the

least restrictive and most suitable sorts of assistance. The CBTC is based on

data suggesting that, of those who do develop problematic or dependent drug

abuse, the majority can be supported by informal services (self-care and

community care) without attending a residential treatment setting (Cole,

2022).

Moreover, UNODC commends the utilization of evidence-based

treatments for outpatient treatments without attending residential treatment.

The most robust evidence has been reported on cognitive behavior therapy

(CBT; Windsor, Jemal, & Alessi, 2015). According to CBT, drug use is a

learned behavior that can be overcome via the application of therapeutic

techniques. By addressing the dysfunctional thoughts and feelings that

influence behavior, it aims to alter behavior. Motivational interviewing is

another well-liked strategy that has been demonstrated to result in a modest

but consistent decrease in substance abuse. CBT aids the patient in making

the connection between their ideas, emotions, and subsequent behavior. It

helps them identify and understand their problematic thought patterns and

behavior, analyze it, and modify it for the better by tying how they think to their

feelings and actions (Smith, 2023).

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 Today, Albert Ellis's ABC Model is a common treatment in CBT

intervention. The Antecedents, Behaviors (or in some cases, Beliefs)

Consequences (ABC) model, offers a prism through which we can examine

the antecedent, or activating event (A), that caused an observed action or

belief in order to better comprehend it. Next, we look at the behavior's

consequences (C) and responses. In other words, an action is triggered by an

antecedent, and that behavior has an effect. Positive or rational behavior will

always result in healthy outcomes, whereas negative or irrational behavior will

always result in undesirable outcomes (Smith, 2023).

With this Community-Based Treatment and Care Program, Davao de

Oro Province initiated the launching of Oplan Liwanag, a province-wide

community-based transformative intervention program for voluntary

surrenders. It is a program that aims to rehabilitate and reform the

surrenderees through lectures and workshops on spirituality, psychosocial

awareness, health awareness, marriage and family enrichment, life skills, and

livelihood skills training (Antibo, 2017).

On the other hand, despite the number of abusers, in 2022, around 1.23

million drug personalities surrendered to the Philippine National Police

(Statista Research Department, 2023). However, according to the National

Institute on Drug Abuse, relapse rates while in recovery are 40% to 60%, and

only 48% are recovered and now living a normal life far from the perils

brought by illicit drugs (Caliwan, 2021). Additionally, the total number of beds

in all government and private drug rehabilitation centers in the country is only

3, 216. Worse, seven, or almost half, of the country’s regions, do not have or

lack government rehabilitation centers (Senate of the Philippines, 2016).

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 Since it has been widely distinguished that men are more likely than

women to use almost all types of illicit drugs, minimal research attention has

been directed towards illicit drug abuse in women (National Institute on Drug

Abuse, 2022). It has also been revealed in a study that women’s personal

narratives about the length of their recovery from illicit substance abuse are

scarce, leaving insufficient queries about the nature of the recovery process

over the course of life (Fox et al., 2023).

This study examines the etiology of a woman upon using illicit drugs

using the narrative analysis approach, this could provide a better

understanding of women thus, gradually eradicating the gender gap,

characterized by greater prevalence in men in terms of illicit drug abuse.

Research Problem

The overall purpose of the study is to know and understand the life

stories of a woman who has recovered from illicit drug abuse and their

insights as well as to discover the overall meaning they put to their

experiences. Specifically, the researcher sought to answer the following

research questions:

• What are the experiences of the participant upon starting illicit drug

abuse?

• What are the experiences of the participant upon surrendering drug

abuse?

• What are the experiences of the participant after recovery?

• How did the participant put meaning to her overall experience?

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 CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

This is qualitative in nature. This chapter presented the research

design, research participant, research instrument, data gathering procedure,

data analysis , and ethical considerations.

Research Design

This study made use of qualitative research design utilizing narrative

research approach to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the

respondent's drug-using experience and how she recovered from it. The

researchers interpret and give meaning to the participant’s experiences by

closely examining the stories or episodic narratives that the participant shared

within the specific context.

Participants

The participant (1) is a 26 year old, a mother from Katipunan New

Bataan, Davao de Oro and was chosen through purposive sampling

technique. Muhammad Hassan explains that purposive sampling is a non-

probability sampling technique used in research to select individuals or groups

of individuals that meet specific criteria relevant to the research question or

objective (Hassan, 2022). The researchers were guided by the following

inclusion criteria in finding the participant: they should 1) a woman drug

abuser since it is less explored compared to men drug abuser, 2) a noted

abuser of illicit drugs, 3) surrendered and have joined in any community-

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based treatment and care program voluntarily, 4) recovered for at least five

years, a person is considered in long-term recovery or remission when they

have stopped or moderated their substance use and improved their quality of

life for at least five years (Loewe, 2018).

Meanwhile, the researchers were guided by the following exclusion

criteria in finding the participant: 1) not a woman drug abuser, 2) non noted

abuser of illicit drugs, 3) involuntary surrendered and did not join in any

community-based treatment and care program, 4) not recovered for at least

five years.

Research Instrument

The instrument is used to collect data for a semi-structured interview,

specifically episodic narrative interview. A semi- structured interview is both

structured and unstructured interviews mixed. Most of the questions, on the

other hand, are unplanned. Semi- structured interviews are often open-ended,

allowing for adaptability. You can see patterns more easily with less structure

while still being able to compare responses from the respondent (George,

2022).

Further, an episodic narrative interview is a research method that

combines various theoretical foundations and interview techniques to

generate individual stories of experience related to a specific phenomenon.

This approach recognizes the value of personal narratives in understanding

complex human experiences. By conducting semi-structured interviews,

researchers aim to gather detailed and context-specific accounts from

participants, allowing for a deeper exploration of the phenomenon. Overall,

11
the episodic narrative interview method provides a comprehensive

understanding of the phenomenon by focusing on individual experiences and

interpretations (Mueller, 2019).

For this study, the researchers did not ask the participant about her

whole life story, but instead, asked about specific topics. In this case, the topic

was the course of her drug-abuse experience and how she recovered from it,

asking for her memories that she will never forget.

Moreover, we conducted a face-to-face interview to obtain precise

information regarding the participant’s beliefs and her motivations in

surrendering. Obtaining data was done through in-depth interview, as this

allows the researchers to delve deeply into participant’s experience, behavior,

feelings, and/or attitudes to uncover underlying concepts and develop a

theory about the research issue. The use of voice recorder was also

observed, but the researchers made sure to ask the participant’s permission

first and gave her the assurance that the data collected will be kept

confidential only by the researchers.

Data Gathering Procedure

The following steps were employed in gathering the data.

First, the researchers presented permission to conduct an interview. A

letter of permission to conduct an interview was presented and signed by the

Field Methods Professor as well as by the Program Head. The letter of

invitation to the Participant and letter of Intent were also checked.

Second, the researchers sent an initial invitation to conduct an

interview. After the letter of permission to conduct was signed, the

12
researchers are now allowed to conduct an interview with the prospective

participants. Since the sampling used in this study was purposive, the

researchers already identified the participant and immediately asked her

permission if she is available as the participant of the said research.

Third, the researcher sent the letter to conduct an interview with the

participant. The participant agreed to the invitation sent to her to have an

interview next was, the researchers sent the letter of permission to conduct

right away, afterwards, the time and place for the respective interviews in

accordance with their schedules was discussed . The interview was finally

conducted at Katipunan, New Bataan, in her own house, started around two

o’clock and lasted for almost four hours.

Fourth, during the interview briefing about the research was done first

at the same time establishing rapport towards the participant. Researchers

discussed the research as well as the process of conducting the interview.

This is to make sure that misunderstandings between participants and

researchers will be avoided.

Fifth, a face-to-face interview through an in-depth interview was done

to address the research questions. Voice recorder was utilized to make sure

that the researchers will not miss every significant detail that the participant

shared, for this to be successful, the researchers asked the permission of the

participant first.

Sixth, debriefing after the interview. During this time, an array of topics

is addressed and discussed, and the participant is given an opportunity to ask

questions.

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 Seventh, presenting incentives. The researchers initiated to give the

participant an incentive after the interview as an active participant in the study.

Data Analysis

The researchers used holistic content analysis in analyzing the data of

this study. A holistic-content analysis retains the temporal dimension of

everyone’s story so that the parts within the story are interpreted in relation to

other parts of the story and the outcome of the story (Beal, 2013).

The researchers kept reading and rereading the narratives until a

pattern emerged. In order to draw out the narrative focal themes, the

researchers went back to the narratives and found the focal themes. Because

the researchers were interested in finding the meaning behind starting and

ending recovery from using illicit drugs.

In identifying each story’s major themes, the researchers looked for the

topic or topics that the participant repeatedly referred to or allotted the most

time talking about throughout the entirety of her narratives. And lastly, the

researchers summarized the participant's story using their unique focus points

and significant themes.

Ethical Consideration

Ethical Consideration is essential to ensure that the correct rules of

conduct necessary are carried out during the research. In this study, the

researcher made sure to follow ethical considerations for the good of our

participant.

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Respect. Before deciding to participate, the participant was given a thorough

explanation of the study by the researcher. The researcher gave the

participant a brief explanation of the study's purpose and the researcher made

sure that the participant understood it fully well.

Consent. The researcher ensured that the participant received a letter of

consent containing their responsibilities as a participant and that they were

not required and forced to take part in the study. The researcher also

explained to the participant that she have the right to withdraw from the study

anytime.

Beneficence. The researcher was mindful of the participant's wellbeing and

acknowledged cultural differences. The researcher was careful to avoid

offending the participant during the interview by carefully selecting the

appropriate words.

Confidentiality. The researcher made sure that the identity of the participant

is kept hidden and private using aliases, the researcher also assured the

participant that the data gathered from her will be confidential.

Justice. The researcher is aware of the huge contribution of the participant,

and as a way of acknowledgement, the researcher provided an incentive that

was given after the data gathering.

Debriefing. The participant was made aware of the study's purpose by the

researcher. Following the interview, the researcher made sure to address the

participant's queries and any confusion she had regarding the study.

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 CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of this study are sectioned by narrative. Section is divided

into two parts, namely: Summary of narrative and focal themes which is

divided into four parts (before surrendering from using and abusing illicit

drugs, focal themes upon surrendering, focal themes after being recovered,

major focal theme).

Summary of narrative

Mimi’s journey with illicit drugs began at the age of sixteen and lasted

until she turned nineteen. Over the course of three years, she found herself

caught up in a daily routine of using these substances, considering it a normal

part of her life. She acknowledged that her friends played a significant role in

influencing her decisions whenever she saw them indulging in illicit drugs.

Initially, she was hesitant and fearful about trying them, but as time went on, a

growing desire took hold. As she shared her experiences, we observed the

effects of illicit drugs, both positive and negative in her life.

Mimi’s story highlights the dangerous allure of illicit drugs and the

devastating impact they can have on an individual’s life. It serves as a

reminder of how influential peers can be and the importance of early

intervention and support from loved ones. Moreover, a significant turning point

arrived when she discovered that she was pregnant during her third year of

16
using illicit drugs. Initially, she contemplated the option of aborting her child,

overwhelmed by the challenges ahead. However, her innate maternal instinct

prevailed, reminding her of the responsibility she had to provide her child with

the best possible life. Recognizing that eradicating illicit drugs from her life

was the crucial step towards achieving this, Mimi resolved to make a change.

It was during the period of Oplan Tokhang, implemented under

Duterte’s administration, that Mimi made the decision to surrender herself to

the transformative intervention program known as Oplan Liwanag. The fear of

potential consequences, including the possibility of being killed if they did not

surrender promptly, pushed Mimi to take this step. Above all, she aimed to

secure a brighter and safer future for her daughter. She emphasized the

extensive support they received throughout their participation in the Oplan

Liwanag Program. Beyond the transformative intervention itself, the

government provided financial assistance and conducted various livelihood

training sessions. The measures were designed to empower individuals like

Mimi, equipping them with the skills and resources necessary to rebuild their

lives and create sustainable opportunities for themselves and their families.

Through her engagement in the program, Mimi not only found a path to

recovery and personal growth but also developed the resilience and

determination needed to create a better future for her child. The combination

of her unwavering maternal love, the support received during the program,

and the government’s commitment to their well-being played pivotal roles in

Mimi’s journey toward a life free from the shackles of illicit drugs. Embracing

change is the key to a good life. You can feel how difficult Mimi’s situation is

as you listen to her story, but she was brave enough to change so that she

17
could give her child a good life. The best thing about her recovery is the

support from the people around her. Indeed, she is a phoenix rising from the

ashes, a symbol of rebirth from the ashes of the past. An emblem of hope,

renewal, strength, and transformation despite the destruction.

Research Question 1: What are the experiences of the participant upon

starting illicit drug abuse?
Focal themes
Peer Influence. Mimi’s story highlights the powerful influence that friends can

have on our choices and behaviors. She mentioned that observing her friends

using drugs and seeing them happy and content contributed to her decision to

try illicit drugs herself. This curiosity, coupled with the desire to understand the

actual experience, eventually led her to make the decision to try it.

Tungod man pud to sauna sige ko ug laag ug naka barkada ko

ug ga use ana, unya ma ingganyo man pud ko sa ila ba kay
once mag gamit sila ana ba kay lami kaayo ilang paminaw. Unya
mura sila ug way problema kanang lingaw sila tan-awon kay
sige ug ngisi.

Peer influence is widely recognized as a significant factor in adolescent

drug behavior. It is generally considered a major cause of substance use

among teenagers. Peer influence refers to the impact that friends and social

groups have on an individual’s thoughts and behaviors. It can play a

significant role in shaping decisions, including the use of illicit drugs

(Bukowski, Laursen, & Rubin, 2018). The social dynamics and pressure from

peers can strongly impact adolescents, leading them to engage in drug use

(Henneberger, Mushonga, & Preston, 2021).

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Curiosity. It is not uncommon for individuals to be influenced by the

behaviors and actions of their social circle. Observing others engaging in

certain activities can create a sense of peer pressure or the belief that

participating in those activities will lead to similar positive outcomes. In Mimi’s

case, seeing her friends happy and content while using drugs likely reinforced

her perception that illicit drugs were a source of pleasure and enjoyment.

Mimi’s decision to try illicit drugs also highlights the potential consequences of

ongoing exposure and normalization of drug use within her social group.

Continuously going out with her friends and using drugs every day for three

years indicates a pattern of regular drug use that became a part of her

lifestyle. Over time, her initial fear subsided, and she began to enjoy the

experience.

Tungod ato sa sige nako ug sabay sabay saila na curious pud ko ug

unsa jud feeling mao kusa jud ko ni try. Sa tulo ka tuig nako ga
gamit ug drugs kay adlaw adlaw jud to ba kay tungod lagi sa sige nako ug
sabay saila mag lingaw lingaw mi. Sa sugod nahadlok ko pero
kadugayan kay naganahan nasad ko kanang mag sige naki ug
pangita.

Changes in cognitive, physical, and social development. However, it is

important to note that drug use, particularly illicit drugs, can have severe

negative consequences on cognitive, physical and social development.

Continued and prolonged drug use can lead to addiction, health problems,

strained relationships and overall decline in quality of life. Mimi’s story

underscores the importance of surrounding oneself with positive influences

and making informed choices. While friends can shape our individual

experiences, it is crucial to evaluate the impact of their actions on our well-

being and consider the potential long-term consequences of our decisions.

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 Isa pud na sa kuan kanang once mo gamit ka ana kay ang imong
huna- huna ana ba kay lutang kanang di ka huna huna na ug tarong,
mag sige alingasa.

Along the interview Mimi informed us also that illicit drugs had a

significant effect on her body. She revealed that her physical health took a toll

as she experienced significant weight loss and persistent fatigue. These side

effects left her yearning for the drugs once again, as she hoped they would

provide the energy and vitality she longed for.

Kapoy imong lawas kanang once gani na murag mahupas na siya

(drugs) kay kapoy kaayo imong lawas gusto napud nimo mo resbak
napud kag take ug balik kayaron imong lawas ug ka abtik.

Additionally, Mimi bravely shared the emotional consequences she

faced. She reached a point where she felt ashamed for her actions while

under the influence of illicit drugs. The substances had altered her behavior,

making her timid and self- conscious in social settings. The once vibrant and

confident individual had become burdened with sense of self-doubt and

insecurity, hindering her ability to freely interact with others.

Kanang isa pud na sa kuan kanang mag himamat gani mo sa tao gani
kanang okay ra sa imong uyab kay anad naka pero kanang sa uban
tao gali kay kanang murag mataha ka, mataha ka mo storya kay
tungod sa na use nimo na drugs gani kay naa biya uban no na ang
nawong mag hiwi- hiwi maka take ana uban kay mag hiwi hiwi ang
nawong mo storya unya maulawsad pud biya ta no.

Teenagers are particularly vulnerable to the influence of peer pressure,

making them more at risk for engaging in substance use. Adolescence is a

stage of development where the presence of risk factors, such as peers who

20
use drugs, can contribute to the initiation of substance use (National Institute

on Drug Abuse, 2020). Same with Mimi’s case, curiosity and peer influence

are one of the significant factors that can influence drug use. Her decision to

begin using drugs was a voluntary choice. Witnessing her friends using drugs

and observing their apparent happiness and contentment increased her

curiosity and became interested in knowing what it truly felt like.

The earlier young people start using drugs, the greater their chances of

continuing to use them and become addicted later in life (Medicine Plus,

2023). She said in the interview that she got addicted to it and would sell any

belongings just to purchase and have illicit drugs back then. Addictive

behavior becomes compulsive and overrides rational thinking, leading to

continued cycle of drug abuse despite negative consequences (Help, 2023).

Research Question 2: What are the experiences of the participant upon

surrendering drug abuse?
Focal Themes

A mother’s love for her child. The moment Mimi knew that she would bear a

child, she immediately stopped using illicit drugs but just like any other typical

cases of drug abuse it wasn’t that easy. She’s having difficulties coming up

with the right decisions. It came to a point where she was on the verge of

committing abortion during her first pregnancy. Yet, she came to realize how

pitiful her baby would be if she would keep thinking like that or continue using

illicit drugs since having a baby and providing for their needs is costly.

Nya pag buntis na nako mao to giundangan na nako sya kay

naghunahuna ko ba ay ipadayon nako ni...huna huna biya nako
ato kay kuan ang baby nako ba akoang ipa kuan [abort]...
nya nalooy man ko mao tong gi undangan najud nako [use of

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 illicit drugs] kay gasto biya kaayo nya isa pud akong ikuan sa
akoang baby.

It wasn’t long when Mimi gave birth to her child that the Oplan Liwanag

program in their barangay was being launched. Escaping the possibilities of

being one of those killed because of not surrendering right away, Mimi, upon

the implementation of the Oplan Liwanag Program, a localized version of

Oplan Tokhang of the Duterte’s administration in the municipality of New

Bataan, Davao de Oro, didn’t take twice to think about surrendering to the

authorities. She gave an emphasis that it was her pregnancy and intrinsic

motherhood sense which have made her decide to stop using illicit drugs.

With a sound of total conviction, she added that if she will continue using illicit

drugs it will never help her to feed her child.

Hadlok oy kay uso biya tong patay noh nya noted biya pud ko diha nga
user ug kuan ug drugs nya mao to nga likay na jud ko... Wala
najud ko nikuan...nibalik. Kanang kuntahay mag sige ko ug gamit nya
nana koy baby nya unsa may ikuan nako sakong anak ipalit ug
gatas unya mugamit gihapon ko ana nga butang wala rakoy
makuan sa akong anak.

Even while she was interviewed, it was apparent in the way she was so

specific about her experiences and processes involved how much she wanted

to be understood where she is coming from. She was indeed afraid for her life

because of the rampant killings towards illicit drug users. The urge for her to

surrender doubled because she’s one of the noted users in their barangay.

It was stated that being a parent and becoming pregnant were strong

motivations to stop taking illegal drugs. When they learned they were

expecting a child, the tendency is young mothers stop using drugs (Healthtalk,
22
2018). As a mother, being a provider not just of love and care but as well as

meeting the basic needs of her child, Mimi’s intrinsic motherhood sense which

have made her decide to stop using illicit drug, triggers her thoughts that if

she will continue using illicit drugs it will never help her to feed her child and

will just put her life in danger and difficulties.

Family Support plays a vital role in recovery. Despite all the odds that

came her way towards surrendering, Mimi didn’t falter because of the support

she got from her family and made it as an added fuel to keep going. When

she finally decided to surrender, she returned to her parents and

communicated her decisions. It wasn’t that hard for her since her parents

have accepted her and gave her the support that she needs.

Dako jud to sya ug tabang kanang looking back ingun ani... murag
inspiration nato nga nakaagi ko ato nga butanga... ug wala pud ko
nahadlok kay naa man pud akong parents... supportive man

All that she has been through, she made it as an inspiration seasoned

with the undying support coming from her parents.

Along the process of the program, Mimi’s family never failed to offer

her enough ongoing support and encouragement. It has been said that as a

family member, friend, or spouse, support can be critical in assisting a loved

one in attaining full physical and emotional health. Family support will demand

dedication, especially in the early phases of recovery (Clark, 2023).

Strong will of character. After knowing that she was being impregnated by

her boyfriend who happens to be a soldier, an illicit drug user, which was the

23
reason they get the chance to know each other, and bound to get married to

another woman, she was left with no choice but to cut ties with him.

O buntis pako... wala jud mi ingun nga nag ipon, kay uyab uyab paman
mi, nya naa man diay syay asawa nya pag kabalo niya nga buntis ko
didto pud sya ni ingun nga naa pud syay asawa..bag-o pud ko
nanganak. Ah dawat dawat...akong gihuna huna jud dili ko mag stress
stress... Ginoo ko akong gi huna huna akong baby. Wala jud mi,
nagbulag jud mi ato, ako nakig bulag, unya kay kaslonon napud
biya sya nag one-year biya akong anak pero kadtong once nga
buntis pako naga support sya sa akoa taga bulan hangtod nanganak
ko sya jud nag bayad sa hospital nya kay sundalo man gud... nisulti
pud sya nga kuan di gani sya katoo na buntis ko ana ana...lain pud sige
kog gukod niya

Upon knowing that she was pregnant, her boyfriend also confessed

that he is with another woman, and they are to get married in the same year.

She took the initiative of breaking up with him, but her ex-partner continued to

support her pregnancy until she was to deliver the baby. Her ex-partner paid

for the bills. When her pregnancy and delivery was over, she didn’t attempt to

chase after her ex-partner.

As she went through the program with the support coming from her

family which has given her a strong will of character which means she’s now

able to show compassion specifically to the wellness of her child, have self-

discipline in creating and meeting goals during the whole duration of the

program, make excellent decisions, show respect to others, show courage in

standing up for convictions, have a strong sense of duty and preserve self-

respect (Cal Coast.Edu, 2022). To sum it up, Mimi has regained herself.

A newfound lifeline. With the desire to have a new and a fresh start, Mimi

paved her way on meaningful participation towards the Oplan Liwanag

Program for drug surrenderers in New Bataan, Davao de Oro wherein they

24
were introduced and exposed to different religious, physical, counseling and

source of livelihood activities.

O kanang three days didtoa mi natulog sa simbahan... o libre tanan...

daghan ug activities taga buntag namo kay nanguli naman mi
diria noh taga Buntag ay taga Dominggo ato mag exercise mi
kami tanan... kami tanan kay pag human mag bible study dayon. Sa
gym na sa dira sa amoa sa barangay (Katipunan). Then naay mga
pastor na gaanhi nya by groupo mi ana six kabook like groupo tas isa
isa mog pastor.

During the first three days of the program, they stayed in the church

where they underwent physical exercises every morning, seminars and bible

study afterwards. They are being grouped having six members and they are

being assigned to a particular pastor for group counseling and discussion.

Kanang naa miy livelihood kanang training sa kanang maghimo ug

embutido, tagaan ka nilag puhunan unsaon pag tun-an ka unsaon
pag buhat ug embutido para kadto napud imong himoong
puhunan ba para di naka kabalik naka ana nga butang... mm
tagaan ay tibook naman jud to tanan naman jud to di man gi isa isa sa
amoa...

The following days inside the program, they are being taught to make

frozen products that they could eventually sell and make a living. She said

that it is a way of helping them to divert their minds for any reasons of coming

back into using illicit drugs and focus more on making products where they

could earn money to sustain their living.

By session... walay jud kay absent... naa may attendance nya mutime
pud ka kanus-a ka ning kuan... pwede man nga mananghid lang
kag tarong ana para tapos iconsider gihapon nila nga naa ka...
pero dili jud ka iset nga dili jud ka mutambong, mutambong jud ka.

25
 It was apparent in the way he was so specific about his experiences

and processes involved how much she wanted us to understand things the

way she understood it herself.

O kanang maka huna huna ka nganung nisulod ka ani na mga

butang... didto jud ko nangayo ug pasaylo sa Ginoo nag luhod luhod
jud ko ato, hilak hilak jud ko ato sa counseling. O ning gaan nya
pag human ato wala najud nabag-o nami mga kadtong parehas
anang cash for work gina pa apil jud mi... mga surrenderees apil jud
mi ana.

Mimi’s realization about the whole situation gets the most out of her

where she was able to see the bigger picture. She experienced a breakdown

during counseling, regrets and asking for forgiveness for committing such a

mistake. She also added that her colleagues acquired major improvements

upon joining the program. She’s actively participating in livelihood programs

such as cash-for-work where they are getting paid for their services and labor.

Murag lahi najud karon kay nanambok nako di ko parehas sa una nga
halos nga...ang kaon nako karon normal, taod taod nako mukaon di
parehas sa una…nga sa isa ka adlaw ka isa rapud mukaon...
Sauna..kay mataha man jud ta sa una noh murag lain….man [talk to
other person], O okay na karon di nako maulaw... nya kanang
karon di naka maulaw ikaw pay manawag di parehas sa una
nga hulat pakag una tagdon.

Finally, Mimi has regained her appetite which has made her weight

back to its normal shape. Also, her confidence has been boosted and she is

no longer hesitant to face other people. She even initiates conversations

which she finds hard back when she was still under the influence of illicit

drugs because she is so conscious of her response and the way she looks

and behaves when she is talking to someone who is not a user.

26
 With all her realizations in mind, she doesn’t want to get involved any

further with illicit drugs. Mimi decided to surrender and submit herself to a

community-based treatment and care program named as Oplan Liwanag at

Barangay Katipunan, New Bataan, Davao de Oro, where she was immersed

into different set of undertakings from religious consultation and counseling up

to livelihood and physical activities.

The most economical strategy for helping those who are impacted by

drug use and dependence is community-based treatment. Evidence from

around the globe demonstrates that patients who utilize community-based

treatments have a marked decline in the frequency of hospital stays, ER

visits, and criminal activity (Community Based Treatment and Care for Drug

Use and Dependence Information Brief for Southeast Asia, 2014).

During the process of the program, Mimi’s family never failed to

offer her enough ongoing support and encouragement. It has been said that

as a family member, friend, or spouse, support can be critical in assisting a

loved one in attaining full physical and emotional health. Family support will

demand dedication, especially in the early phases of recovery (Clark, 2023).

As she went through the program, Mimi regained herself. She paved

her way from being a user to a woman who recovered from illicit drug use.

The program helped her to gather herself back by exposing her to different

activities. Community-based addiction therapy aims to lessen the harmful

impacts of drug use while also helping those who are affected in the family

and community. Those with active addictions can have access to tools that

can eventually help them get clean and stay clean by increasing the quantity

27
of collective knowledge aimed at avoiding and decreasing drug usage

(Nelson, 2022).

Research Question 3: What are experiences of the participant after

recovery?

Focal themes
Engaging livelihood skills training. Change can be scary, but what is

scarier is that allowing fear to stop you from growing, evolving, and

progressing. Mimi, together with other surrenderees embraced the new

changes in their life, for nothing could be more satisfying than choosing to

challenge themselves and seize the brand new beginnings. Along their

journey, they received a lot of support from the Oplan Liwanag program under

Oplan Tokhang by Duterte’s Administration even after they graduated.

Various opportunities were given to them, the government provided them with

a monetary fund for their preferred activity and took them through numerous

training sessions for the livelihood program, which serves as the mainspring in

her recovery.

Gitudluan mi unsaon pag-himu ug embutido para pwede namo

gamiton sa pag panginabuhi. Oo, gitagaan mi kwarta as puhunan tapos
depende na na siya ug unsaon namo ang kwarta like mag
negosyo ba.

One thing that she is gladly grateful for is the people she met in the

program. Mimi took pleasure and grew close to other surrenderees, whom

she refers to us as “classmates”. For her, it is the friends we meet along the
28
way that help us appreciate our journey. Altogether, they conduct an array of

activities whenever there is an event in their community.

Tapos ug naay araw or fiesta, basta naa event diri sa among lugar kay
tagaan jud mi ana ug fund kanang mura mig prioritized gud. Dihay
kausa nga ang kwarta na among nadawat kay gigamit namo sa murag
concert for a cause nag facilitate mi ana tas ang kwarta na among
nalikom kay gi hati namo.

It is clear from the way she speaks that the program helps her to

surpass her dark days and fully recover from the illicit drug abuse. Aside from

the monetary fund offered by the government, Mimi also found a new job in a

salon, where she felt secure and fully accepted, and embraced herself and

capabilities as a recovered individual. Mimi shared that applying for that salon

is just smooth sailing because her boss understands her.

Ang salon na akong gina trabahuan kay naa sa [place] mayo raman
pud pag tagad nila sa ako didto kay nakasabot pud ang tag-iya ba,
among amo kay same man pud mi ug kaagi nga dati nagagamit pud.
Oo drug user and abuser pud siya dati pero karun nag bag-o na
tapos naa na siyay 3 ka salon.

The Dangerous Drugs Board (2016) of the Philippines reported that 90%

of those who have voluntarily surrendered could be treated in the community.

Given the overwhelming number of clients, communities have created their

own programs consisting of community service (e.g., cleaning, beautification,

tree planting, gardening), recreational activities (e.g., sports activities, Zumba,

yoga), counseling, and spiritual formation (e.g., bible study, prayer groups)

(Cepeda, 2016).

29
 Following her surrender and involvement in the program, life of Mimi

appears to be doing really well. They participated in a three-day seminar

during the program where they learned how to make an embutido that they

could use as their business after the program, and they were then given

money by the government as capital to ensure that their journey to begin a

new life is completely supported. It was a huge benefit to Mimi since it kept

her mind occupied and prevented her from ever considering using drugs

again. The livelihood program was suggested by the United Nations Office on

Drugs and Crime as a necessary provision of community-based drug recovery

support. (Hechanova et al., 2018)

Personal morals. Every day we live our lives in constant motion, and with

that motion, there will always be a flow of change that follows. Mimi’s story

only proved that it is never too late to change our life. She grabs the moment

and eliminates a mindset that throws up roadblocks. One of the cornerstones

of Mimi’s successful life post-addiction is the process of abstaining, the

process of not engaging in, or avoiding relapse in using illicit drugs. She

draws strength from her daughter, family, newfound friends, and those people

who believe in her. Although some of her friends still encourage her to use it,

she strongly stands her ground in saying “No” because she believes that

abandoning her past wrongdoings is the right thing to do.

Naa gud koy pipila na mga friends na ning balik ug gamit gud tas pag
magkita mi manghagad pero mo ingun nalang jud kag dili jud kay
graduate naka ana.

30
 Recovery happens gradually, day by day, step by step. But every

moment of it is worthwhile. It is the stage in which one learns how to live- eat,

sleep, work, and socialize, without the dark cloud over the head. As time goes

by, Mimi learns to live life again away from the perils brought by illicit drugs. It

was evident how grateful Mimi is towards the Oplan Liwanag Program, her

eyes showed the strength of her soul which we observed during the interview.

Truly, the Oplan Liwanag Program brought them to light during her gloomy

days and has helped her in her recovery. She also shares that the said

program conducts a monthly surprise drug test just to ensure that

surrenderees are truly drug-free.

Naay time na patawagon mi surprise sa gym [insert place] pero wala

mi kabalo unsay purpose niya surprise diay to nga drug test…sirad-an
ang gym para wala juy maka gawas sa pamaagi ana kay para
mahibal-an nila [authorities] kung ga balik ba ka ug gamit or wala.

Mimi also emphasized that after the program, she never feels that her

body craves it, and glad that she fully recovered from using illicit drugs and

never feels nervous every time there is a surprise drug test conducted by their

local.

Mimi made sure to avoid using drugs once more because she was

adamant about continuing her new life path without them. She was honest

when she claimed that even after the program, her friends would still try to get

her to use drugs, but she would always say no. Her being abstinent from

drugs was also one of the things that helped her to recover and be drug-free.

It has been suggested that the most typical kind of treatment in the US is

abstinence. In order to improve the chances of recovery, SUD treatment

31
professionals in the US have suggested that people with SUDs should always

be told to refrain from substance usage (Xin et al., 2022).

According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Administration (SAMHSA), abstinence-based treatment is the safest approach

to treating drug addiction. Many experts believe that those struggling with

drug addiction cannot successfully moderate their substance use, without full

abstinence (Lodge, 2022).

Regaining life. Guilt and shame are the shackles many people wear after

ending a battle with something like abuse. In Mimi's narrative, forgiving

oneself is one of the most important keystones in regaining life as this will give

you the strength and peace you need in order to move forward. Mimi rebuilds

herself from within. She loved herself even more and released the bottled-up

emotions. the war was finally over, Mimi put an immense effort to restore her

life and did not waste time looking back.

Na ulaw jud ko sa akong ginikanan sa mga maling gipang buhat naku,

naabot ko ana nga sitwasyon sa kinabuhi ba [addict], pero karun okay
naman nag istoryahanay sad mi na dili najud ko muotro gipasaylo
naku nila ug gipasaylo napud naku ang akong kaugalingon.

Support coming from the people surrounding you is indeed one of the

great factors in recovering from certain abuse. Mimi stated that it was their

warmth that helped her to bounce back in life. Their kind gesture of being

compassionate literally heals Mimi’s wounds from the past.

Ning hilak sila kadtong pag graduate jud, tulo man na ka bulan before
maka graduate unya sa pag graduate man gud nimu ana gud sa
counseling namu e surprise man gud ka . wala ko kabalo ba na
gitawagan sa kapitan akong family para e surprise ko…kagawad mo
32
 surprise didto apil sa counselling kay graduate na lagi mi
nagpasalamat sila kay na drug free nami diri ana. makahilak kag apil
kay tingala nalang ka kay naa sa likod imu parents matingala ka, mao to
nalipay mi oy.

Although there were some instances that did not favor Mimi, she still

looks for the silver lining out of scratch. Her positive outlook in life helped her

rise from the ashes, she also shed light that being a mother and the Oplan

Liwanag Program served as the impetus in transforming her.

Una jud, akong anak sa ila jud ko nagahugot ug inspiration na mo fight

sa kinabuhi. Dako pud ko ug pasalamat sa program na Oplan Liwanag
kay tungod ana naka recover ko, dili naku parehas sa una nga ma
anxious, murag ma paranoid sa gamay na butang, ning balik napud ko
ug ka himsog dili parehas sa una katong naga take paku nga hasta
nakong payata tapos dili napud ko maulaw makihalubilo sa mga tao
tas tungod pud sa kana nga program naka gain ko ug new friends.

It is undoubtedly true that persistence will eventually pay off. Mimi

eventually had a life free from drugs and revealed that she never wants to

experience addiction again thanks to her hard work during the program and

perseverance in abstaining from drugs. It's fortunate that Mimi has such a

strong determination to never use drugs again because relapse prevention is

essential for drug addiction therapy to be effective. Humans may experience

drug seeking and relapse after being exposed to environmental triggers linked

to drugs (Fuchs et al., 2008).

Research Question No. 4: How did the participant put meaning to her

overall experience?

Major Focal Theme

33
Driven by the involved relationships. From her peers' influence which have

feed her curiosity and made her have a taste of illicit drugs down to her

pregnancy that marks the beginning of her motherhood which is the very

reason why she surrendered and gather herself back to her senses, and her

family’s constant support which strengthened her positive outlook to prevail

despite the circumstances, Mimi’s story shows how relationship creates

significant impacts and influences and how it could alter the choices and

perspective of an individual.

She seemed to be intrigued about how drugs make her feel and has

considered consuming them whenever she witnesses her pals using them.

She also revealed that she used illicit drugs daily for three years straight since

she went out with friends every night to have fun. She was initially frightened,

but as time went on, she seemed to enjoy it.

The intrinsic values of being a mother providing immediate love and

care have been the driving force for Mimi to stop using illicit Drugs. Mimi quit

using illegal drugs the moment she found out she was having a child. In her

way to motherhood, she submitted herself voluntarily to Oplan Liwanag, a

program intended for drug surrenderers initiated by the municipality of New

Bataan in line with the fight against illegal drugs program of the former Duterte

administration.

Having her baby and being a mother to them fueled her to become a

better person that can attain and obtain the needs of her children by being a

primary provider. Because of that it fuels her more to participate in the series

34
of activities being organized by the program from counselling sessions up to

the livelihood initiatives.

The most distinct part of her narrative where she demonstrated how

her curiosity escalated because of her peers using illicit drugs and how a

mother’s love for her child can shape a woman to become the better version

of herself not just for her but for her child could be seen in the way she talks

about her struggles during pregnancy and eventually becoming a completely

grown-up mother.

Mimi’s realization about the whole situation gets the most out of her

where she was able to see the bigger picture. She experienced a breakdown

during counselling, regrets and asking for forgiveness for committing such a

mistake. She also added that she and her colleagues acquired major

improvements upon joining the program. She’s actively participating in

livelihood programs such as cash-for-work where they are being prioritized

and getting paid for their services and labor.

Relationships are our natural environment as social beings. Our close

relationships shape who we are and have a significant impact on our mental

health and well-being (Cozolino, 2021). A relationship is any link between two

people, whether beneficial or negative. Relationships vary in a wide range of

people, including family and friends (MSEd, 2022).

Mimi’s story shows and explains how and why individuals frequently

disregard their own opinions in favor of those of others. Asch and Sherif's

early experimental results demonstrated how the judgments of others

influence individuals' judgments. People will occasionally mimic the actions of

35
others, even if they supply incorrect information (Schöbel et al., 2016).

Because of peer influence, it awakens the curiosity in her which makes her

engage in illicit drug abuse.

On the other hand, it is also because of significant relationships that

made Mimi prosper in the process of her surrendering and recovery. Her

motherhood fuels her desire to stop abusing illicit drugs because she then

knew and realized that it would not benefit her child in any way. Also, her

family’s support is a big contributing factor why she remained firm with her

decision to surrender that paves her way to recovery.

Summary

As Mimi narrates her story, she started using drugs because she was

influenced by her friends, and she then uses them when she wants to be

physically active because, in her opinion, they enable her to do her chores

without getting tired. However, as her story progresses, she finally made the

decision to give up drugs and seek treatment because she wanted to be a

better mother to her children.

Fortunately, the government program was there to help her in

recovering through the various activities they offer. The way Mimi shared her

story makes it quite evident how becoming a mother has altered her

perspective in life. Her commitment to the Oplan Liwanag Program and desire

to complete her recovery are both driven by her deep love for her children.

She had a lot of realizations throughout the program, was able to continue her

recovery through it, and was made even stronger because she saw her

daughters as her inspiration for change.

36
 This suggests that giving up drugs is not something a drug addict can

easily do or overcome; it requires a strong will to decide to completely stop

using drugs, as well as motivation to never go back and a lot of support to get

going.

Mimi's story also demonstrated how her recovery was significantly

aided by her optimism. She did not receive the type of counseling that rehab

centers provide; Her recovery, however, was substantially supported by Oplan

Liwanag's initiatives, so she chose to rely on them and helps herself by

socializing and gaining strength from her family especially her daughters to

take her mind off of ever wanting to use drugs again.

Research Limitation

As with the majority of studies, the design of the current study is

subject to limitations. The researcher cannot guarantee the perfect

recollection of the experiences of the participant due to the fact that the real

stories shared are past events and are subject to human error in terms of

memory.

Implications

This narrative analysis study explores and understand the life stories of

a woman who have recovered from illicit drug abuse. Based on the results,

one of the main factors that help the participant to recover is the

implementation of community based treatment and care program, specifically

the Oplan Liwanag initiated by their local. This study suggests that enacting

this kind of intervention will serve as the keystone to the recovery journey of

illicit drug abusers as this will help them to rehabilitate their life. Additionally,

37
for the government to develop and provide an effective mechanism or

measures through sustainable program treatment.

The findings of this study would also add to the existing literature of

Psychology, respectively in Cognitive Behavior Therapy as powerful tool to

help dismiss false beliefs and insecurities that lead to substance abuse,

provides self-help tools to better the mood of those individuals who have

fallen victims to drug abuse or dangerous drug dependence, and to teach

effective communication skills.

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Sclar, K. (2023). Teenagers and drugs: 11 real reasons why teenagers

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APPENDICES

44
A. Letter of Intent

45
B. Letter of Invitation to Participant

46
C. Informed Consent Form

47
D. Interview Guide Questions

48
The researcher sought to answer the following research questions:

• What are the experiences of the participant upon starting illicit drug

abuse?

• What are the experiences of the participant upon surrendering drug

abuse?

• What are the experiences of the participant after recovery?

• How did the participant put meaning to her overall experience?

E. Research-made Questionnaire

49
 BEFORE:
1. How long did you use illicit drugs?
(Unsa ka kadugayon nag gamit ug gina dili na droga?)
2. What are your reasons why did you engage yourself in illicit drug use?
(Unsay rason nimu nganong ning sulod ka sa pag gamit sa bawal na droga?)
3. Looking back, how does your family background affect your life decision
(drug use exploration) ?
(Sa unsa nga pamaagi naka apekto ang background sa imong pamilya sa
desisyon nimu sa kinabuhi (pag gamit ug gina dili na droga) ?
4. What are the effects of illicit drugs to your physical development? cognitive
development? and social development?
(Unsay epekto sa pag gamit sa gina dili na droga sa imong pisikal? sa imong
pang huna-huna? pagkighimamat sa uban?)
5. What specific illicit drugs did you use?
(Unsa nga gina dili na droga imong gi gamit?)

DURING:
1.What are your reasons for surrendering?
(Unsay rason sa imong pag surrender?)
2. What are the major challenges you have faced in the midst of withdrawal?
(Unsay mga hagit na imong na agian samtang naa ka sa proseso sa pag
paayo?)
3. How did you manage to cope up? and in what significant ways did it
contribute to your recovery?
(Giunsa nimo pagsagubang sa nahitabo? ug sa unsa nga pamaagi kini naka
tabang sa proseso sa imong pag paayo?)
4. How long did you undergo in the program?
(unsa ka kadugayon sa kato nga programa?)
5. What activities in the program helped you to recover?
(Unsa nga mga aktibidad sa maong programa ang nagtabang sa nga maka
rekober?)

6. What are the effects of illicit drugs to your physical development? cognitive
development? and social development?

50
 (Unsay epekto sa pag gamit sa gina dili na droga sa imong pisikal? sa imong
pang huna-huna? pagkighimamat sa uban?)

AFTER:
1. How long did it take you to stop using illicit drugs? How long have you been
free from using illicit drugs?)
(Pila ka tuig bago ka ni undang ug gamit ug illegal na droga? )
2. Do you feel ashamed towards your family? Towards society?
(Na ulaw baka sa imong pamilya? sa katilingban kung aha ka nagpuyo?
3. How has using illicit drugs affected your ability to make a living?
(Unsay epekto sa droga saimong panginabuhi?)
4. What ways of dealing do you take after you quit taking illicit drugs?
5. What did you do to avoid relapse?
(Unsay gibuhat nimu para makalikay ka sa pagbalik?)
6. What are the effects of illicit drugs to your physical development? cognitive
development? and social development?
(Unsay epekto sa pag gamit sa gina dili na droga sa imong pisikal? sa imong
pang huna-huna? pagkighimamat sa uban?)

INSIGHTS:
1. What factors, after so many years of drug use, persuaded you to finally
surrender?
( Sulod sa pipila ka tuig nga naga gamit kag droga, unsa man ang mga naka
engganyo nimo nga mu surrender?)
2. What are the things that helped you to recover from the addiction?
( Unsa ang nga butang nga nakatabang nimo nga maulian ka gikan sa pagka lulong
sa droga?)
3. What life lessons have you learned from your experiences?
( Unsa nga mga leksyon ang imong natun-an gikan sa imong kaagi?)
4. What advise can you give young people regarding drugs given that you
were 17 when you first tried using them and already know it wasn't a nice
experience?
( Unsa may ma tambag nimo sa mga kabatan-onan, kay ikaw 17 anyos paka unang
nakagamit ug droga ug karon kabalo naka nga dili maayo ang imong naagian?)

F. Transcript of Interviews

51
 BEFORE
1. How long did you use illicit drugs?
(Unsa ka kadugayon nag gamit ug gina dili na droga?)

- Mga 3 years jud ko nag gamit, 16 years old ko ato ug 26 years old
nako ato..
- Sa 3 years everyday jud ko ga gamit kay tungod lagi sa akong mga
barkada ma ingganyo ka sige laag sa balay ana..

2. What are your reasons why did you engage yourself in illicit drug
use?
(Unsay rason nimo nganong ning sulod ka sap ag gamit sa bawal na
droga?)

- Tungod man pud na sauna sige ko ug laag ug naka barkada pud ko

ug ga use ana..niya ma ingganyo man pud ko saila ba kay once
mag gamit sila ana ba kay lami kayo ilang paminaw ba..edi ni try
pud ko ug sulay ana ba..
- Ako jud kusa na mo try ug gamit..
- Ay nahadlok jud ko sa sugod pero nagkadugay..samtang ga gamit
man gud ka ana ba magkadugay kanang murag maganahan naka
ba.. pangitaon na nimo na nga butang
- Sauna dli man jud mi sa balay ga use ana.. kanang na kuan rajud
ko sa akong barkada ba hangtod sa na lala ko ana nabutang ba…

3. Looking back, how does your family background affect your life
decision (drug use exploration)
(Sa unsa nga pamaagi naka apekto ang background sa imong pamilya
sa desisyon nimo sa kinabuhi (pag gamit ug gina dili na droga)

- Pag mo uli ko sa amoa kay nag separate naman gud mi sa akong

mama ug pinuy.anan ba kay didto man ko sa sentro sa among
balay unya sige ko ug laag sauna ba unya mo uli ra ko sa balay
ana. Didto lang ko nagpuyo sa among isa ka balay kay wala man
nagpuyo didto unya naa pud akong lola didto ana….didto gud ko
nag dako..didto lang jud ko ga tulog
- Isa pud na nga..isa pud na sa hinungdan na mag sige ug away
lalis.. isa pud na sa reason nga mag sige sila ug away tungod kay
ni gamit ko ana nab utang ug mao ra sad na reason mag lalis2.
Close man mi nila jud. Okay man akong family sauna tung wla pako
ga gamit
- Isa pud na nga..isa pud na sa hinungdan na mag sige ug away
lalis.. isa pud na sa reason nga mag sige sila ug away tungod kay
ni gamit ko ana nab utang ug mao ra sad na reason mag lalis2.
Close man mi nila jud. Okay man akong family sauna tung wla pako
ga gamit

52
 -
4. What are the effects of illicit drugs to your physical development?
Cognitive Development? And Social Development?
(Unsay epekto sa pag gamit sa gina dili na droga sa imong pisikal? Sa
imong pang huna-huna? Pagkighimamat sa uban?)

- Isa pud na sa kuan kanang once mo gamit ka ana kay ang imong
huna2 ana ba kay lutang unya di ka katulog mag alingasa kanang
gusto nimo sige inom unya dugay kayka mahubog ana basta once
mo gamit ka ana.. mao ng karon nag move on najud ko nga di
najud ko mo balik ug gamit ana… kapoy imong lawas kanang once
gani na rag mahupas siya kanang wala na iyang kanang kuan pag
take nimo ana kay murag mahupas mana siya kay murag kapoy
kayo imong lawas gusto napud nimo mo resbak napud kag take ug
balik kay aron imong lawas mo balik ug ka abtik or askil
- Isa pud na sa kuan kanang once mo gamit ka ana kay ang imong
huna2 ana ba kay lutang unya di ka
- Ohh payat jud kayko jud mura nakog bukog na siguro
- Ay dili najud ka maka desisyon ug tarong kay pataka nalang jud ka
sa buhaton nimo sa gusto nimo na buhaton mao lahi rajud bsta
normal ka..
- Once maka gamit jud ka ana..ako kanang ako makagamit ko ana
sauna mo storya lng jud ko kay ka na agian na biya jud nako na
no.. pag maka gamit jud ko ana sauna kay hilig jud kayko mag hinlo
niya gutso ko mag lihok lihok jud.. niya kana pud siya di ka ganahan
mo kaon… sauna dijud kayko gai nom inom jud ga gamit rajud ko..
pag maka try ka ana kay kanang gusto nimo mag lihok2 ka.. ang
uban mag wild kakang padulongay na mawala ang effect sa drugs
ba..
- Dli ko inition ug ulo wala pudkoy ka away tung ga gamit ko ana
wala kalma lang..
- Kanang is apud na sa kuan kanang mag himamamt gani mo sa tao
gani kanang okay ra sa imong uyab kay na anad nakapero kanang
sa uban tao gali kay kanang murag mataha ka, mataha ka mo
storya kay tungod sa na use nimo na drugs gani kay naa biya uban
no na ang nawong mag hiwi2 maka take ana uban kay mag hiwi2
ang nawong mo storya unya maulaw sad pud biya ta no..effect sa
sobra ug gamit mag hiwi2 ang uban una mag pangadhot uban mag
dila2, mangatol..ma 6hrs sguro bago ko mo gamit nsad maka gasto
kog 600 adlaw panagsa libre pud sa barkada..
- Naabot pud anang mga gamit nako, cellphone ipang prenda kay
tungod lang makapalit ka ana managawat nag dats kwarta sa
mama..
- Oo naga skwela ko during ga gamit ko.. mga ikaduha rapud to ke
beses nap ag nsiulod ko na nag take ko ato.
- Pag 3 yrs nako dira pa nakabalo akong parents kay payat naman
kayo ko.. wala man nausab sa akong Batasan..tas natingala naman

53
 akong mama ug magdala siya grocery di makuhaan mag abot iyang
gipamalit kay di naman ko mo kaon mao gipanid.an ko..
- Pagkabalo nila suko kayo sila jud, gina badlong ko ko tas gahi man
jud kog ulo di man ko kasabot mao to gikapoy na sila ug badlong..
and then naka stop sad kog skwela na..
- Na baligya jud nako ang cellphone tagsa I prenda hangtod sa wala
nakoy ikabayad ma remate na.

5. What specific illicit drugs did you use?

(Unsa na gina dili na droga imong gi gamit?)

- Shabu akong gina gamit sauna kanang mura na siya ug asin.. tas
sa isa ka adlaw kanang tag duha ana rajud tulo..katong gamay lang
na siya..sa akong barkada ko ga kuha ana ga laag sa balay…
kasagaran chip in mi usahay libre niya…depende na siya ang
pinaka barato 300 uban 1000 ang 300 sakto rana siya sa duha ka
tao …ang ako ma afford lang kay 300kay wala biya koy work ato no
di nako afford gas kwela paman ko ato na panahon..

DURING
1.What are your reasons for surrendering?
(Unsay rason sa imong pag surrender?)
• Ah kanang naundang jud to nako kadtong naa nakoy baby nabuntis ko
• Nya pag buntis na nako mao to giundangan na nako sya kay
naghunahuna ko ba ay ipdayon nako ni...huna huna biya nako ato kay
kuan ang baby nako ba akoang ipa kuan... nya nalooy man ko mao
tong gi undangan najud nako kay gasto biya kaayo nya isa pud akong
ikuan sa akoang baby
2. What are the major challenges you have faced in the midst of
withdrawal?
(Unsay mga hagit na imong na agian samtang naa ka sa proseso sa pag
paayo?)
• Ay wala man ko nag agi ug kanang nag lisod jud kayo ko
• Wala... di kayo kona ingun nga nabug-atan kayo ko sa pag recover
dili, gihinay hinay jud nako hangtod nga naka recover jud ko
3. How did you manage to cope up? and in what significant ways did it
contribute to your recovery?
(Giunsa nimo pagsagubang sa nahitabo? ug sa unsa nga pamaagi kini naka
tabang sa proseso sa imong pag paayo?)
• Dako isa pud na (family support)

54
 • Ah dawat dawat...Ay dili akong gihuna huna jud dili ko mag stress
stress... Ginoo ko akong gi huna huna akong baby.
• Dako jud to sya ug tabang kanang looking back ingun ani... murag
inspiration nato nga nakaagi ko ato nga butanga...
• Ay wala pud ko nahadlok kay naa man pud akong parents... supportive
man
4. How long did you undergo in the program?
(unsa ka kadugayon sa kato nga programa?)
• Wala nako gagamit sa first(baby)… kuan 2 (gap) 2 years... wala na kay
mao naman tong program ni Duterte.
• Niaging tuig (start sa session) ay di diay, dugay dugay naman to oy...
kuan to November... ang bulan ato kay november... basta kadto gud
pag kuan pag inject ug mga pang covid pang vaccine... O mao to basta
mao toy pag inseet sa barangay sa COVID... mga murag October
(2021)
5. What activities in the program helped you to recover?
(Unsa nga mga aktibidad sa maong programa ang nagtabang sa nga maka
rekober?)
• O kanang 3 three days didtoa mi natulog sa simbahan... o libre tanan...
daghan ug activities taga buntag namo kay nanguli naman mi diria noh
taga Buntag ay taga Dominggo ato mag exercise mi kami tanan... kami
tanan kay pag human mag bible study dayon. Sa gym na sa dira sa
amoa sa barangay (Katipunan). Then naay mga pastor na gaanhi nya
by groupo mi ana six kabook like groupo tas isa isa mog pastor
• Kanang naa miy livelihood kanang training sa kanang maghimo ug
embutido, tagaan ka nilag puhunan unsaon pag tun-an ka unsaon pag
buhat ug imbotido para kadto napud imong himoong puhunan ba para
di naka kabalik naka ana nga butang... mmm tagaan ay tibook naman
jud to tanan naman jud to di man gi isa isa sa amoa...
• Murag isa ka tuig ug tunga siguro kay daghan man tog kuan mga
program gud nila... kuan mga 2019 or wala pa wala pay pandemic.
• Kuan pareha atong nag seminar mi 3 days tapos pag abot sa tulo ka
adlaw tagaan mig certificate nga kuan kadtong kanang... participation
ana nya gipatawag napud mig balik atong kuan... unya hangtod na pag
naa nay pag announce diria nga drug free tagaan mig certificate nga
pangalan namo gibutang drug free... o mao natoy graduation nya paso
paso jud mi tagaan mig certificate sa graduation nya picturan ka ana
• By session... walay jud kay absent... naa may attendance nya mutime
pud ka kanus-a ka ning kuan... pwede man nga mananghid lang kag

55
 tarong ana para tapos iconsider gihapon nila nga naa ka... pero dili jud
ka iset nga dili jud ka mutambong, mutambong jud ka.
• Pag naay mga program dnhia parehas anang cash for work gina pa
apil jud mi... mga surrenderees apil jud mi ana

6. What are the effects of illicit drugs to your physical development?

cognitive development? and social development?
(Unsay epekto sa pag gamit sa gina dili na droga sa imong pisikal? sa imong
pang huna-huna? pagkighimamat sa uban?)
• Murag lahi najud karon kay nanambok nako di ko parehas sa una nga
halos nga... ang kaon nako karon normal, taod taod nako mukaon di
parehas sa una nga sa isa ka adlaw ka isa rapud mukaon... makafeel
kag pan nimo diha sa kilid di jud nimo magalaw
• Sauna kay mataha man jud ta sa una noh murag lain man, paminaw
nimo sa una laina paminaw nimo sa imong kaistorya ba naonsa man
sila oy mangistorya kanang pilosopo ana... ako ba sa una... kaingun ta
akong kaistoya ba nga naunsa man ni si mimay pilosopo man kayo mu
istorya... basin atobang ta sa iyaha ga hiwi hiwi atong nawng wa ta
kabalo di biya ka kabalo ana sa kanang o, parehas gud sa akong
amiga nga lain kay sya ba mag hiwi hiwi ang baba pag mag istorya mo
lain kayo mag hiw hiwi mura jud gi kurentehan... mao akong ingun jud
sauna nga lahi rajud basta normal di ka kagamit gani
• O okay na karon di nako maulaw... nya kanang karon di naka maulaw
ikaw pay manawag di parehas sa una nga hulat pakag una tagdon.

AFTER
1. How long did it take you to stop using illicit drugs? How long have
you been free from using illicit drugs?)
(Pila ka tuig bago ka ni undang ug gamit ug illegal na droga? )

 3 years jud ko nag gamit ug shabu kanang didto rajud ko ning

undang pagkabalo naku nga buntis ko kay gihuna-huna naku
ang bata kay unsaon nalang….
2. Do you feel ashamed towards your family? Towards society?
(Na ulaw baka sa imong pamilya? sa katilingban kung aha ka
nagpuyo?
 Oo, sa ako parents na ulaw ko oy kay naabot ko ana nga
sitwasyon ba.. pero karun okay naman nag istoryahanay sad mi
na dili najud ko muotro

56
  Ning hilak sila kay kadtong Nawala n ajud, kadtong pag
graduate jud sap ag graduate man gud nimu ana gud sa
counselling namu e surprise man gud ka . wala ka kabalo ba na
giatwagan sa kapitan imung family kay pag gradute e surprise
kag adto didto sa graduation…kagawad mo surprise didto apil
sa sa counselling kay graduate na lagi mi nagpasalamat sila kay
na drug free nami diri ana. makahilak kag apil kay tingala nalang
ka kay naa sa likod, naa na imu parents . matingala ka, mao to
nalipay mi oy.
 Sa katalingban, ning agi jud ng medjo ilag sila sa akoa. Kanag
mga classmate naku sa una halos dili na paduolon sa ako kay
basin daw makagamit pud daw
 Murag malain ka, kaya ikaw nalang pud maglikay para dili maka
dungog ug istorya na maot

3. How has using illicit drugs affected your ability to make a living?
(Unsay epekto sa droga saimong panginabuhi?)
 Oo, naa sa una labi na tong bag-o pajud . pero karun okay
naman, naan a gani ko trabaho karun salon, sa parlor sa
(Compostela) mayo raman pud pag tagad nila sa ako didto kay
nakasabot pud ang tag-iya ba, among amo kay same man pud
mi ug kaagi nga dati nagagamit pud. Oo drug user and abuser
pud siya dati pero karun naa na siyay 3 ka salon
 Gidala man ko didto sa akong amigo ba, assist assist lang sa
buhok ana ako tig banlaw niya hantod naabot ko ug 6 months
na pagtrabaho didto kabalo naku magmanicure, mag extension
ko ko ug pilok, color sa buhok hantod daghan nakug nahibal-an

4. What did you do to avoid relapse?

(Unsay gibuhat nimu para makalikay ka sa pagbalik?)
 Naa gud koy mga friends na ning balik ug gamit gud tas
pagmagkita mi manghagad pero mo ingun nalang jud kag dili
jud. Sa paglikay mao jud ako pamaagi nay mang galgal dili lang
jud
 Pero wala najud ko ka feel anang magpangita jud

5. What are the effects of illicit drugs to your physical development?

cognitive development? and social development?
(Unsay epekto sa pag gamit sa gina dili na droga sa imong pisikal? sa

imong

57
  Murag na gaan-gaan na kanag kung unsa imung gusto buhaton
mabuhat na imu
 Dako jung tabang tong program
 Inspirasyon jud naku akong anak sa pagbag-o
 Naa koy naka uban sa program na adik gud siya nap uno ug
tattoo iya lawas tanan, akrun di ta makablo no nga pastor na .
naa gihapon iyang mga tattoo peor karun dyosnon na kaayo.

INSIGHTS
1. What are the things that helped you to recover from the addiction?

( Unsa ang nga butang nga nakatabang nimo nga maulian ka gikan sa pagka
lulong sa droga?)

 Kuan, laag-laag tapos bonding bonding. Kasagaran foodtrip, sa

pagkaon nasad namo gibuhos among time. Samtang nagkaon mi
makaingon gud mi nga sauna di jud namo ni mahimo ning ing ani nga
bonding ba kay magtapok rami sauna if mag gamit pero karon kay lahi
naman kay nabag-o naman so mga foodtrip na. Tapos naga apil sad
kog Zumba sa gym kauban ang ubang mama taga buntag...Ana lang
jud aron healthy tapos malimtan jud nako ang drugs

2. What life lessons have you learned from your experiences?

( Unsa nga mga leksyon ang imong natun-an gikan sa imong kaagi?) 
 Kanang di nagyud ko mubalik ug take jud ato kay base sakong na
experience, di gyud lalim. Dako gyud kaykog pagmahay..... Gimahay
gani nako akong amiga nganong naka tuon kog take.... Nadamay ko sa
iyang kabuang. Nagmahay ko kay kung nagtarong pa kog skwela way
siguro maestra na guro ko, nakahuman unta kog skwela kay ang mga
ka batch nako lami nag mga trabaho. Murag feel nako ako nalay
nabilin.

3. What advise can you give young people regarding drugs given that
you were 17 when you first tried using them and already know it wasn't a
nice experience?
( Unsa may ma tambag nimo sa mga kabatan-onan, kay ikaw 17 anyos paka
unang nakagamit ug droga ug karon kabalo naka nga dili maayo ang imong
naagian?)

 Akong advise lang jud no kay di lang jud sugdan ni nga droga kay
wajud kay future, wakay mahimo nga maayo. Di ka makapuyo nga
hapsay maong di jud mugamit ana. Kay ako natagam najud ko. Tapos

58
 pilion sad ang mga barkada nga tarong, di gyud muuban atong
barkada nga sigeg pang galgal

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Data

Surname, First name: Trixie S. Cabulao

Address: Tagum City, Davao del Norte
Mobile Number: 09164422593
Date of Birth: November 04, 2002
Place of Birth: Tagum City
Email: t.cabulao.134581.tc@umindanao.edu.ph

Education

Since 2006 Magugpo Pilot Central Elementary

School
2015-2019 Tagum Nation Trade School
2019-2021 STI College Tagum
2021- Present University of Mindanao Tagum Campus

Research Focuses / Title of Dissertation

Focuses Life Experiences of a Woman Surrenderee who

Recovered from Illicit Drug Abuse

59
Title Phoenix Rising from the Ashes: A Narrative
Analysis of a Woman Surrenderee who
Recovered from Illicit Drug Abuse

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Data

Surname, First name: Johnme S. Humol

Address: Katipunan, New Bataan, Davao de Oro
Mobile Number: 00815915720
Date of Birth: October 5, 2002
Place of Birth: Union, Monkayo, Davao de Oro
Email: johnmesaga@gmail.com

Education

Since 2006 Assumption Academy of Compostela

2015-2019 Assumption Academy of Compostela
2019-2021 Assumption Academy of Compostela
2021- Present University of Mindanao Tagum Campus

Research Focuses / Title of Dissertation

Focuses Life Experiences of a Woman Surrenderee who

Recovered from Illicit Drug Abuse

60
Title Phoenix Rising from the Ashes: A Narrative
Analysis of a Woman Surrenderee who
Recovered from Illicit Drug Abuse

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Data

Surname, First name: Nova Mae V. Matutina

Address: DAPCO, Panabo City
Mobile Number: 09486827641
Date of Birth: November 2002
Place of Birth: Panabo City
Email:
n.matutina.134582.tc@umindanao.edu.ph

Education

Since 2006 Magsaysay Elementary School

2015-2019 Don Manuel A. Javellana Memorial
National High School
2019-2021 Don Manuel A. Javellana Memorial
National High School
2021- Present University of Mindanao Tagum Campus

Research Focuses / Title of Dissertation

61
Focuses Life Experiences of a Woman Surrenderee who
Recovered from Illicit Drug Abuse

Title Phoenix Rising from the Ashes: A Narrative

Analysis of a Woman Surrenderee who
Recovered from Illicit Drug Abuse

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Data

Surname, First name: Jusa Aldrea Prato

Address: Davao de Oro, Philippines
Mobile Number: 09079800541
Date of Birth: July 23, 2002
Place of Birth: Davao del Norte
Email: pratojusaaldrea@gmail.com

Education

Since 2006 Mawab Central Elementary School SPED

Center
2015-2019 Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High
School
2019-2021 Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High
School
2021- Present University of Mindanao Tagum Campus

Research Focuses / Title of Dissertation

62
Focuses Life Experiences of a Woman Surrenderee who
Recovered from Illicit Drug Abuse

Title Phoenix Rising from the Ashes: A Narrative

Analysis of a Woman Surrenderee who
Recovered from Illicit Drug Abuse

63