Dry Lab 4 Integumentary System

Objectives

After completing this exercise, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge on the
concepts related to the integumentary system. Specifically, describe the structures of the
human skin and their functions.

Introduction
The skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves make up the integumentary system. Its major
role is to protect the body from the outer world by acting as a barrier. It also keeps body fluids
in place, protects against sickness, eliminates waste, and regulates body temperature. To
accomplish these goals, the integumentary system collaborates with all of your body's other
systems, each of which plays a role in maintaining the interior conditions that a human body
requires to function effectively.
The integumentary system serves a range of purposes, most of which are related to
safeguarding you and managing your body's internal operations. It protects the body's internal
living tissues and organs against infectious organisms, prevents dehydration, and protects the
body from temperature variations. It aids in the disposal of garbage. It is a touch, pressure,
pain, heat, and cold sensor that stores water and fat.
Your body is a complex system with several subsystems that work together to keep it running
smoothly. These subsystems provide a range of functions and require certain materials and
ways to communicate with other areas of the body to work effectively. As a result, the skin
and other portions of the integumentary system collaborate with other body systems to
maintain and support the circumstances necessary for your cells, tissues, and organs to
function effectively.
The integumentary system collaborates with the digestive system to promote calcium
absorption by helping to manufacture and absorb vitamin D. Through the capillary networks
in the skin, this chemical reaches the bloodstream. The digestive system is linked to the health
of your skin since the digestion and assimilation of dietary fats and oils are required for the
body to produce the protective oils for your skin and hair.
 Throughout your body, the integumentary system collaborates with the circulatory
system and surface capillaries. Patches can be used to deliver medications for ailments
ranging from heart difficulties (nitroglycerin) to smoking cessation since certain chemicals
can enter the bloodstream through the capillary networks in the skin (nicotine patches). The
skin also aids in the regulation of body temperature. If you're too hot or cold, your brain sends
nerve impulses to the skin, which has three ways to increase or decrease heat loss from the
body's surface: hairs on the skin trap more warmth if they're standing up, and less if they're
lying flat; glands under the skin secrete sweat onto the skin's surface to increase heat loss by
evaporation if the body is too hot; and capillaries under the skin secrete blood into the skin to
increase heat loss.
In terms of touch, your skin is really important in your body. In the detection of the
outside environment, your nervous system relies on neurons embedded in your skin. It
interprets information from your senses, including touch, and takes action depending on that
information. When you stub your toe, for example, nerve cells in your foot send impulses up
your leg, up the spinal cord, and into your brain. These messages are perceived as pain by the
nerve cell connections in the brain.
In addition to interacting with body systems as described above, the integumentary
system plays a role in various physiological processes, particularly those that entail the
management of the body's interior environment to maintain a stable state. Changes in the
pattern of blood supply to the skin and perspiration, as noted above, are examples of how the
skin aids in temperature regulation.
 Dry Lab 4
Report Sheet
PART I. The following diagram is a section through the epidermis. Label the parts indicated.

STRATUM CORNEUM

D
E
R
M
I
S

MITOSIS
STRATUM CAPILLARY
1. Stratum Corneum
2.
GERMINATIVUM
Dermis
3. Mitosis
4. Stratum Germinativum
5. Capillary
6. Langerhans Cell
7. Melanocyte
8. Sensory Neuron
9. Merkel Cell
 The following diagram is a section through the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Label the
parts indicated.

1. Epidermis 9. Sebaceous Gland

2. Dermis 10. Hair Root
3. Subcutaneous Tissue 11. Hair Follicle
4. Sweat Gland 12. Sensory Receptor
5. Hair Shaft 13. Nerve
6. Stratum Corneum 14. Vein
7. Stratum Germinativum 15. Artery
8. Papillary Layer
 BURNS
1. Match each type of burn with the proper description.
Use each letter once.
1) First-degree burn A. The skin is charred and may painful
at first. not be 3

2) Second-degree burn B. The skin is painful but not blistered. 1

3) Third-degree burn C. The skin is painful and blistered. 2
2. a) Extensive third-degree burns may be very serious because of the loss of which layer of
the epidermis? STRATUM CORNEUM
b) State the two potentially serious problems for patients with extensive third-degree burns.
INFECTION AND DEHYDRATION
 CROSSWORD

ACROSS

2. sweat gland, maintains normal body temperature ECCRINE

5. Produced in follicles in the scalp HAIR
7. Covers the surface of the body SKIN
8. Tissue that connects the skin to the muscles SUBCUTANEOUS
10. Protects living skin from exposure to UV rays MELANIN
12. Protects the end of a finger NAIL
13. Small arteries ARTERIOLES
16. Detect changes in the environment RECEPTORS
17. Waterproof protein of the epidermis KERATIN
18. Sunshine vitamin VITAMIN D
19. Produces melanin MELANOCYTE

DOWN

1. Stratum , produces new epidermal cells GERMINATIVUM

3. Gland that secretes cerumen CERUMINOUS
4. Decreases blood flow through arterioles VASOCONSTRICTION
6. Increases blood flow through arterioles VASODILATION
7. Gland that secretes sebum SEBACEOUS
9. Uneven junction of the dermis with the epidermis (two
words) PAPILLARY LAYER
11. Outer layer of the skin EPIDERMIS
14. Inner layer of the skin DERMIS
15. Stratum , prevents entry of pathogens to the body CORNEUM

PART V. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the correct answer for each question.
1. The outer layer of the skin is the:
A. papillary layer
B. dermis
C. subcutaneous tissue
D. epidermis
2. The mechanism of heat loss that depends upon evaporation is:
A. fat storage
B. sweating
C. vasodilation in the dermis
D. vasoconstriction in the dermis

3. The protein in epidermal cells that makes the skin relatively waterproof is:
A. keratin
B. collagen
C. melanin
D. elastin

4. The tissue that stores fat in subcutaneous tissue is:

A. adipose tissue
B. areolar connective tissue
C. fibrous connective tissue
D. stratified squamous epithelium

5. The glands of the skin that are most concerned with the maintenance of body
temperature are:
A. apocrine
B. eccrine
C. sebaceous
D. ceruminous

6. In the dermis, the receptors for pain are:

A. encapsulated nerve endings
B. axons
C. free nerve endings
D. Langerhans cells
7. Vitamin D is formed in the skin when the skin is exposed to:
A. pressure
B. friction
C. stress
D. ultraviolet rays
8. The layer of the dermis that contains capillaries to nourish the stratum germinativum of
the epidermis is the:
A. follicle layer
B. papillary layer
C. collagen layer
D. subcutaneous layer

9. The part of a hair follicle that undergoes mitosis to form the hair is the:
A. hair root
B. hair shaft
C. generative layer
D. keratin portion

10. The part of the epidermis that undergoes mitosis is the:

A. stratum corneum
B. papillary layer
C. stratum germinativum
D. stratum melanin

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