| UNIVERSITY°F re BIRMINGHAM Short Laboratory Report 2015 MP2.2 Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle Chloé Marie Taylor 1322748 Lab Group: Mech 18 Date of Experiment: 10" November 2015 Date of Lab Report: 24” December 20151 = Summary 2 — Introduction ~ 3 — Aims of Experiment 4 — Theory of Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycles 5 6 7 a = Set-up and Procedure: '~ Observations and Results. — Discussion and Analysis of Results ~~ — Sources and Discussion of Error 9 = Conclusion 10— References. 11= Appendi 1- Summary An air conditioning unit was used for the experiment. The purpose of the experiment was to study the performance of a vapaur compression refrigeration cycle by caleulating the unit's coefficient of performance (COP,). Air was heated, humidified, cooled and dehumidified and then reheated during the process. Temperature readings for the air and the refrigerant and working parameters of the unit were recorded during the experiment. The state of the air at each point was plotted on a psychometric chart, which showed that the unit did not reduce the humidity of the air as much as ‘expected. This was suggested to be due to the refrigerant not removing as much heat from the air as, expected. The refrigerant cycle was plotted on a p-h diagram, where the ideal and actual cycles were shown along with irreversible processes. It was shown that the actual cycle moved more into the super-heated region meaning more heat was rejected into the environment than the ideal cycle. The cooling loads from the air and into the refrigerant were calculated, giving values of 2.5SkW and 2.78kW eospeetively. The difference between these values was said to be due to the unit being badly insulated hence the refrigerant absorbed heat from the environment as well as the air. COP, values for the refrigeration cycle were calculated based on the air and the refrigerant cooling loads, yielding values of 1.19 and 1.3 respectively. The COPs based on the refrigerant was said to be more accurate as it did not have the inaccuracies of the wet bulb temperature readings that the air hased COP, had, Sources of error, how to minimise them and improvements for the experiment and the air conditioning unit are discussed.2 Introduction introduction Heat pumps are very important in today's society, being the basis for re freezers as well as some heating methods. Heat pumps are machines which move heat from a lower temperature reservoir (called the source) to a higher temperature reservoir (called the heat sink) driven by a wark input. Depending on the aim, they can be heaters by rejecting heat into the heat, sink, oF refrigerators by absorbing heat from the source. Their performance is measured by the ratio of cooling obtained to work required, called the coefficient of performance (COP) shown in equation Lbelow. a COP, we eq Where: 1, = cooling load [heat removed from source) (Wp W = Work input (Wy) COP values will generally be above 1 as more heat will be removed from the source than work is put in due to the nature of the cycle (discussed in 3 ~ Theory of Vapour Compression Refrigeration cycles). This experiment aims to find the COP of a vapour compression refrigeration eyele as itis used tocol and dehumidify air. Ireversibilities of the process and ather points of interest willbe discussed. 3- Aims of Experiment An alr conditioning unit operating @ vapour compression refrigeration eyete will be used to heat air to a warm and humid state, then dehumidify and cool air. Temperatures of the air and the refrigerant working fluid will be recorded from the air conditioning unit. Other working parameters including differential pressures, mass flow rates and voltage/current values will be recorded. These set of results will allows +The path of the air conditioning process to be plotted on a psychometric chart, +The state of the air-at each point to be found and comments to be made on the final quality of the air + ‘The cooling load from the air during the air conditioning cycle to be calculated + ‘The ideal and real cycle for the refrigerant on a p-h diagram to be plotted + ‘The cooling load for the refrigerant during the cycle to be calculated + The coefficient of performance of the refrigerator (COP) to be calculated4- Theory of Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycles Carnot Cycle This experiment uses a vapour compression refrigeration cycle which cools air down. Though the air is heated and cooled in the air conditioning unit it is the refrigeration cycle (using R12 refrigerant as the working fluid) which is the main focus of the experiment, The refrigeratian cycle removes heat from the air and rejects it to the environment, acting as a reverse heat engine — commonly called a heat pump. Heat pumps are based around reverse Carnot cycles, which are exactly the same as Carnot cycle but the process directians and hence work and heat inputs and outputs are reversed. Figure 1 and 2 below are the pressure-volume (p-v) and temperature-entropy (T-s} diagrams for a reverse Carnot cycle, V s Figure 1: Pressure Volume diagram showing Figure 2: Temperature-Entropy graph with Carnot cycle. a saturation curve showing Carnot cycle. The processes relating to the points in figure 1 and 2 are detailed below: 1-2: lsentropic compression — work is done on the working fluid at a constant entropy, resulting in ‘an increose in temperature 2.3: Isothermal heat rejection = heat is rejected into the high temperature reservolr 344: Isentropic expansion ~ work is done by the working fluid at a constant entropy, resulting in a decrease in temperature 41; Isothermal heat absorption —heat is absorbed {@),) from a low temperature reservoir Note that figure 2 shows the saturation curve for the cycle. Enclosed in the saturation curve the refrigerant is a mixed state of vapour and liquid, To the left of the saturated liquid line the refrigerant is a sub-cooled liquid, to the right of the saturated vapour line the refrigerant is superheated vapour, The importance of this is discussed below. To base a refrigeration cycle around the reverse Carnot cycle, a working fluid must be found ‘that |s capable of isothermal heat rejection and absorption at the temperatures of the high and low temperature reservoirs (Ty and 7\). This can be obtained by using fluids that condense and evaporate around these temperatures as phase changes are processes in which heat is input or output with no temperature change. This. can be understood more by looking at the Carnot cycle encased in 3 saturation curve (figure 2). By choosing a refrigerant which has saturation temperatures (T,, and T,) at the required pressures, the phase changes of the refrigerant can be used to facilitate the isothermal processes 2-3 and 4-1. The refrigerant will have a law boiling point allowing it to change phase (and absorb heat) from an already cool temperature.Practical vapour compression refrigeration cycle In practice the reverse Carnot cycle is adjusted to the vapour compression refrigeration cycle shown below in figure 3, The working fluid isa refrigerant that suits the high and low temperature reservoirs temperatures, 5s Figure 3: Temperature Entholpy diagram showing vopour compression refrigeration cycle. The pracesses in figure 3 are as follows: 1-2; entropic compression — the refrigerant is compressed to a super-heated vapour 2.3: Heat rejection — the superheated vapour is cooled to the saturation temperature (1,)) then rejects heat at constant temperature until it reaches the saturated liquid paint 3-4: Expansion ~ the refrigerant is cooled quickly by use of a throttle valve to T,, forming @ liquid vapour mixture 4-4: Heat absorption ~ the refrigerant absorbs heat (Q) from fow temperature reservoir until it reaches the saturated vapour point The differences in figure 3 are mainly due to the practicalities of running a reverse Carnot cycle. Stage 1-2 is the most notably different as itis shifted completely out of the saturation curve. Compressors da not have high efficiency and require mare maintenance when they operate with a mined state medium, hence the compression stage is shifted into the superheated vapour region. This means that process 2-3 can no longer be isothermal as the super-heated vapour must first be cooled saturation temperature (T,) before it can underge the phase transition to-the saturated liquid. Process 3-4 is an irreversible expansion process using a throttling valve. Throttling valves are used rather than isentropic expansion engines {which expand saturated liquids) as there is only a small ameunt of work output to be gained - the costs for an engine would not be justifiable, The throttle valve reduces the pressure of the saturated liquid abruptly, causing flash evaporation (partial evaporation of liquid due ta sudden drop in pressure) of the liquid and reducing its temperature. It is ideally-a constant enthalpy process. Figure 3 shows an ideal refrigeration cycle. In reality the compression process (1-2) is likely to inot be isentrapic hence an increase in entropy will be seen. This will also mean that the super-heated vapour will also reach a higher temperature meaning the heat rejection process will have to reduce the temperature more before reaching the saturation temperature (T,.). There will be other generally frictional losses during the process which will can cause pressure drops within the processes,5 - Set-up and Procedure Equipment The apparatus used is an air conditioning unit, The unit is divided into stations where various readings can be taken, At station A air is taken in from the room and enters the unit. Station B is for mixing re-citeulating air that has already passed through the unit in with the fresh air from the roam. Air will not be re-circulated during the experiment so any readings from station & and 8 should be identical. Between station B and C electric pre-heaters and steam injection occurs to bring the air to the conditions of a warm humid: ate. Between station C and D the air passes though an evaporator where it is cooled and excess moisture is condensed out. The evaporator uses dichlorodifiuaromethane (R12) refrigerant ~ the cycle of the refrigerant is of key importance to the experiment and will be discussed in more detail in Section 7 = Discussion and Analysis of Results. Between station D and E there is re-heating of the air to increase its temperature and reduce its humidity. Each station has two thermocouple thermometers — a wet and a dry bulb, By taking these two readings we can determine the state of the air its relative humidity). Other readings about the unit such as mass flow rates, current in compressors, relative pressures and temperatures in the refrigerant cycle willbe recorded, Set-up and Procedure Hat and humid air must be produced for the air conditioning cycle, This air will then be cooled and dehumidified and then reheated to a required temperature of 20°C. ‘The unitis turned on and air lovris set to a minimum of 0.07kgs" (any lower and the reliability of the wet bulb thermocouples will be poor). The boilers and refrigeratar units are turned on and allowed to stabilise for about 5 minutes. Once steam is being produced by the boilers, two of the three bollers are turned off and the re-heater between station D and E is turned on, adjusting it so that the air before the cooling is heated to 25°C and a relative humidity of 90% (a warm humid climate). The unit is then left again to stabilise for 10 minutes, after which the re-heater is adjusted to give a temperature of about 20°C and relative humidity of 50-60% after the cooling as it exits the unit. After allowing the unit to stabilise for 10 minutes once more, thermocouple readings and other parameters at each station can be taken, The results can be seen in the section below. 6 - Observations and Results The temperature readings from the thermocouples (wet and dry bulbs) were recorded and shown in table 1. The corrected values for the wet bulb temperature are also shown =the correction value was found using figure 6 which shows the relationship between ‘Screen’ and ‘Sling’ wet bulb temperatures when the dry bulb temperature known, Figure 6 and a brief explanation of how correction values are obtained is shown in the Appendix. Station Dry Bulb Temperature | Wet Bulb Wet Bulb ee) Temperature Temperature fobserved) (°C) (corrected) (°C) ‘A= Intake 20.0 16.0 16.4 B= After Mixing 21.0 17.0 a C=Alter Pre-heating | 275 275 275 and Steam injection D=After Coolingand | 183 183 18.3 Dehumidification E-After Re-heating | 240 22.0 22.2 Table 1: Dry, Wet bulb and corrected wet bulb temperature readings from each station.Note that when the readings for station C and D were taken the wet bulb temperatures were higher than the dry bulb temperatures. The wet bulb is meant to be less than or equal to the dry bulb 50 the wet bulbs were given the same temperature as the dry bulb, No correction values were obtained for these temperatures. Thisis further discussed in the section 8 - Sources of Errar. The air at A and B is expected to be identical as there is no change in the air between these two points. However at station B there is an increase in temperature of 1°C for bath the wet and the dry bulb, This could be due to the air conditioning unit acting as an insulation to the outside environment so air further in the unit (station B) willbe warmer whereas station A is not well enclosed. It could also be due to a too short stabilisation period. ‘The temperature readings from the refrigerant cycle are shown in table 2. These will be used in Section 7 — Discussion and Analysis of Results to plot a more realistic cycle on a p-h diagram, R12 Temperature: Temperature (°C) Before Expansion valve 33 ‘After Expansion valve 0 ‘After Evaporator 25 ‘Alter Compressor 2 Table 2: Temperature of R12 refrigerant at various stages through cycle. The voltage supply, and currents through the relevant equipment are recorded, shown in table 3. Reading Voltage (V) 233 Pre-heater current (A) 2 Boiler current (A) 8 Compressor and cooling fan current (A)_| 9.2 Re-heater current (A) 2 Circulating fan current (A) 08 Table 3: Voltage ond current readings from the unit. Using the value of voltage and compressor and cooling fan current we can calculate the amount of power the campressar and cooling fan require. This is calculated using equation 2 below and we obtain a power of 2.144kW, Power = I¥ = 9.2x233 = 2143.6W, 9.2 This value of power is the work input to the refrigerant cycle. It will be used later to find a value for the COP, of the refrigerant cycle, Other variables of the unit which were recorded are shown in table 4. They will be used in later calculations finding the COP and mass flow rates of the air and refrigerant. Reading Units Orifice Differential (intake) mmnH0 07 Orifice Differential (outlet) mmHs0 O7 Evaporator Pressure (gauge) ‘kPa 200 Condenser Pressure (gauge) | Pa 750 Refrigerant mass flow rate gs 0.024 Table 4: Orifice differential intake and outlet, evaporator ond condenser pressure and refrigerant moss flow rate as recorded from the unit. Page 7 of 13,7 - Discussion and analysis of Results Air Calculations Psychometric chart ‘The temperature readings (dry and wet corrected) from table 1 are plotted on @ psychometric chart to enable the state of the air at each station to be found, This is shown in figure 4 below (1) Each point has been labelled and from the graph we can find the specific enthalpy, % saturation and ‘specific volume of the air at each station. The data obtained from the graph is shown in table 5 below. i Ko | Hi! Lelia ee Figure 4: Psychometric chart for air at 101.325kPa with paints of air at each station plotted on. (1) Table 5: Specific enthalpy, % soturation and specific volume for air at each station read from figure 4. We can see that the states of A and & are very similar — this is expected and was discussed earlier in section § - Set-up and Procedure. Station C was aimed to have aX saturation of 90 and a temperature of around 25°C, table 5 and table 1 show that actual values were 100% saturation and 27.5°C. Station E was aimed to be at 50-60% saturation and around 20°C, table and 1 show that actual values were 88% and 22.2°C. The actual % saturation at £ is considerably higher than expected, showing the re-heating process between and E did not reduce the relative humidity as much as expected. The final temperature of the air leaving the conditioning unit (station E) was 2.2°C above ‘the aimed value, suggesting that the refrigeration process may not have reduced the temperature as. much 35 was required, Had the refrigeration cycle cooled the air more, more heat could have been Page B af 13,added back duiring the re-heating process which may have decreased the % saturation more, closer value of both % saturation and temperature to the aim. Other differences between the aimed and actual values are commented on in the section 8 - Sources of Errar. inga Cooling Load The cooling load on the air is the amount of heat removed from it as it passes through the heat exchanger where the cooled refrigerant flows. itcan be calculated using equation 3 below. Qe = witht, — hy), 29-3 Where: mass flow rate (kes) (ait) /hy = specific enthalpy of air before cooling (station C) (ki/kg) iy = specific enthalpy of air after cooling (station 0) (Ki/kg) The walues of h, and hy, from table § are 87 ki/kg and SO ki/kg respectively. The mass flow rate of air can be calculated using equation 4 shown below. where: ‘ip = intake orifice differential pressure (mmH,0) Ua = specific volume at intake (station A} (m’/ke} The value for Ap was recorded to be 0.7 mmH,0 (table 4) and the value of u, was found to be 0.843 m’/kg (graph 1 and table 5). These two values can be substituted into equatian 4 and give a value of 0.0630kgs* for the air mass flow rate. Substituting the mass flow rate and both specific enthalpies far station D and C (table 5) into equation 3 a cooling load on the air of 2,55kW is obtained, Refrigerant Calculations Refrigeration Cycle on pressure-enthalpy Diagram ‘The readings that were taken during the experiment can be used to plot a p-h diagram for the refrigerant cycle. A pressure enthalpy (p-h) diagram shown in figure 5 (2} can then be used to find the enthalpy of the refrigerant at each stage and hence the cooling load can he calculated. This can then be used to calculate the COP, of the refrigeration cycte.. A pressure enthalpy diagram for dichlorodiflueromethane (R12) was used, by plotting the points the changes in phase af the refrigerant can clearly be seen. Note that on this graph there are multiple axes. In order to plot the points the absolute pressures at which the condenser and evaporator are running on must be calculated, The gauge running pressures of the evaporator and. condenser were recarded to be 200kPa and 750kPa respectively (table 4), To convert the values to absolute pressure the atmospheric pressure (taken as 100 kPa) is added to each value. Fram this the ‘evaporator pressure is found to be 300kPa and the condenser pressure is found to be 850kPa.. Eachpointis plotted on the diagram (figure 5), note that the sane nomenclature for the paints is used as in the theory section (4) above. Point one represents the refrigerant as @ superheated vapour as it exits the evaparator, It is platted at 0.3 bar (evaporator pressure} and an the saturated vapour curve. Process 1-2 is a constant entropy compression of the refrigerant to the condenser pressure (0.85 bar}, so point 2 is plotted at 0.85 bar (condenser pressure) and at entropy as point 1 (0.7 ki/kg/k). Process 2-3 is a condensing process where the refrigerant is cooled and phase changes into a liquid. Point 3 can be plotted at 0.85bar (condenser pressure) and on the saturated liquid curve. Process 3-4 is a constant enthalpy expansion process where the refrigerant is bought to the evaporator pressure (0.3 bar) 30 point 4 is plotted at the same enthalpy as point 3 and on the ‘evaporator pressure line.Point 1 has been plotted assuming that the evaporator only heats the refrigerant to the saturated vapour point. The actual point 1 (1,) can be plotted on the graph using the temperature of the refrigerant as it exits the evaniorator which from table 2 is found to be 21.5°C, Note that this is much higher than the ideal temperature value of 0°C, It is seen that point 1, is in the superheated region in the p-h diagram, meaning the evaporator has heated the refrigerant more than is expected. The importance of this will be discussed when calculating the cooling load on the refrigerant (later in, section). Point 2 has been plotted assuming the process 1-2 is isentropic (constant entrapy). In reality it will not have been an isentropic process, there will have been a small amount of heat transfer into the refrigerant resulting in a higher final temperature. & more realistic point 2 can be plotted by using the temperature of the refrigerant at the end of the compression process. Fram table 2 the value is, found to be 92°C and can be plotted (as point 2,) on the condenser pressure line (0.85 bar) using a constant temperature line. It is seen that the actual point (2,) is further to the right than the ideal isentropic point (2), a8 the ideal point is at a temperature of 40°C. This means that mare cooling is needed to cool the superheated refrigerant to a saturated vapour, and also represents an irreversibility in the cycle, Point 1, and 2, have been conneéted and drawn on figure S, to allow comparison between the actual and ideal cycle. z ree a ohh 5 fi 7 = Fai 3 fd _ mia B Jo A al | 1 = T i) /, / i : va y ‘ y 7 1 q Ps | a Me Specific Enthalpy (ki\ke) Contr pec Enteopy [hie \K) Figure 5: Pressuré-enthaipy diogram showing the refrigerant cycle. Note that point 1 and 1, and the isentropic (2) anid actual (2,) points of the compressian are shown. Dashed lines represent irreversible pracesses, [2] Irreversibilties in the vapour compression refrigeration cycle have been shown on figure 5 by dashed lines, Process 1, to 2a s Irreversible as It does Is not an isentropic process (due to there being. small amounts of heat transfer) hence it eannot be reversed. Pracess 3 to 4 is irreversible due to the nature of the air conditioning unit, this was discussed in Section 4 — Theory of Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycles. Page 10 of 13Cooling Load ‘The cooling Joad on the air can be calculated using equation 3 from above, note thath, and hy carrespand to the specific enthalpies of the refrigerant at points 1 and 4 on figure S ~ 186 ki/kg andl 70 ki\kg respectively. These values and the mass flow rate of the refrigerant from table 4 of 0,024 kgs” can be substituted into equation 3, giving a cooling load of 2.78kW. Note that this is larger than the cooling load calculated for the air {2-55kW}, showing that the refrigeranit gained more eriergy ‘than the air inthe unit lost. This difference is further discussed In the section 8 - Sources of Error. Coefficient of Performance ‘The COP, can be calculated for the refrigeration unit using equation 1 shown below. ou COP, eq Where: 0, = cooling load (W) W = Work input (power-of the compressor) (W) The work input into this cycle is the compressor, its power was calculated in section 6 - Observations and Results and was found to be 2.144kW. This and the value far cooling load from above (2,78kW) can be substituted into equation 1 yielding a COP, of 2.30, This COP, value means that for every LkW of work input, 1.3kW of heat will be removed from the air. ‘The COP, can also be calculated using the cooling load based on the air’s calculations. The compressor power and the cooling load based on the air (2.55kW) can be substituted into equation 4 to give a COP, of 1.19. This is smaller than the COPs based araund the refrigerant, and is due to the cooling load of the air being lower than the cooling load for the refrigerant. This COP, value means ‘that for every LkW of work input, 1.19kW of heat will be removed from the air. The significance of this is discussed in seetion 8 ~ Sources and Discussion of Error 8 - Sources and Discussion of Error [As this experiment was mainly descriptive, it is difficult to quantify any errors. No fits or expected trentls can be compared to the results, instead the systematic and experimental errors and improvements for the expetiment and the air conditioning unit are discussed, ‘The air conditioning unit was used in. large room with other large pieces of equipment running nearby. Intermittent construction work was going on in the room adjacent, meaning that the quality ofthe air may have fluctuated during the experiment. itis also possible that the air had a higher dust and particulate content than nofmal. The experiment was conducted within a 2 hour session, this time Constraint limited the time that could be used for stabilisation of the unit. If the expetiment were to the done agai, an isolated, air conditioned and filtered room should be used and longer tines should be allawed for the stabilisation of the unit. All readings were taken from needle scales which were fluctuating, increasing the error in the results, The unit was nat calibrated before usage and hence the results obtained may have systematic error. A digital scale may have increased the precision of the results obtained though this would require adjustment on the unit, In section 6 the results obtained showed that for two of the veeetded temperatures the wat bull was higher than the dry bulb temperature - this may have happened due to the unit not having enough time to fully stabilise. In section 7 it was show that the ainied temperature and saturations at statiovis € and E were different to the values aittied for, This was suggested fo be due to the refrigeration cycle not removing ‘as much heat from the air as expected. This is supported by the fact that the cooling load on the air was found to be less than the cooling load gained by the refrigerant (2.55kW to 2.78kW, section 7), showing the refrigerant was removing more heat than was lost from the air. The extra heat gained by the fefrigetant Could be due to it also absorbing heat irom the surroundidg envitonment as the unit,imiay not be well insulated on the section where the heat exchange accurs, The extra heat absoration is also supported by the actual cycle plotted on the p-h diagram where the evaporator increases the temperature of the refrigerant as well as changes its phase (pushing it into the superheated region). ‘Two COP) values were calculated, one using the cooling load to the refrigerant (1,3) and one from the cooling load from the air (1.19).-The COP, based on the air is more conservative as it uses, the cooling load that was directly measured from the air and is the desired outcome of the conditioning process. However the refrigerant based COP, is more accurate as it does not have the inaccuracies in measurement of the wet bulb readings as the air COP, does. ‘The COP, values obtained for the unit could: be improved in.a number of ways. From equation 1 it is clear that the COP value can be increased by making the cooling load larger, or the work input stnallet. The cooling load could be made larger by insulating the heat exchange section to ensure that all heat absorbed by the refrigerant is from the ai. It could also be increased by using a contra-current flow of the refrigerant and air when the exchange takes place a5 this maintains a higher temperature gradient increasing the amaunt of heat exchange. Work input could be reduced by using a more efficient compressor. 9=Conclusion ‘The results obtained allowed us to plot the state of the air on appsychometric chart, Itwas shown that the % saturations of the air were different to the values that were aimed for, this was attributed to the refrigerant removing less heat from the air than expected hence removing tess humidity. The temperatures of the air were relatively close to the almed values, though the final temperature of the air was 2.2°C above the aimed value, again suggesting that the refrigeration cycle did not reduce the air’s temperature enough ‘The refrigerant cycle was plotted ona p-h diagram, showing the idea! and actual cycle along with irreversibilities, The actual cycle mioved into the super-heate vapaur region of the graph much more than the actual cycle, meaning that mote heat was rejected to the environment than expected. The cooling loads on the air and to the refrigerant were calculated, giving 2.55KW and 2.78KW respectively. This higher refrigerant cooling load was said to be due to the air conditioning unit not being well insulated so heat was removed from the surrounding enviranment as well as the air. COP, values were calculated based on the cooling loads for the air and the refrigerant, yieleling Values of 1.3 and 1.19 respectively. The COP, based on the air’s cooling load was said to be more conservative as it used a smaller cooling load and the desired outcome of the refrigeration, however it is more inaccurate as it includes the measurements of the wet bull temperatures which are inherently inaccurate, Improvements for the air conditioning wnit were discussed including using a more efficient compressor and a counter-current flow in the heat exchanger. 10-References [2] - Hetkal Morgan R., Miller A. , (2011), AIR CONDITIONING. Available: hetp://wwew.thenmapedia.com/content/550. Last accessed 24th Dec 2015. Edited. [2] - University of Birmingham (2015). Loboratory Experiment MP2.2. Appendix 5 — Enthalpy diagram for R12, pO. Edit [3]- University of Birmingham (2015). Loborarory Experiment MP2.2. Appendix 6: Relationship between “Screen” and “Sling” wet bulb temperatures. p11. Edited.141 — Appendix Relationship between “Screen” and “Sling” wet bulb temperatures os os WET BULB TEMMERATURE (SCREEN) 1c (ALE 2 2-0 mye) Figure 6: Relationship between ‘Screen’ and ‘Sling’ wet bulb temperatures. [3] For the readings from station A values of 20°C and 16°C were obtained for the dry and the wet bulb respectively. To obtain the correction value for the wet bulb temperature a line was drawn up from 16°C on the-x axis until the dry bulb temperature of 20°C was reached. A line was then drawn horizontally and we obtain a correction value of 0.4°C. The same process was used for each set of thermocaupled readings and the corrected values are shawn in Table 1. Page 13 of 13