CHAPTER-01

INTRODUCTION TO
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
1.1 About the Sustainable Development Goals

 Sustainable development “ Use of renewable and non-

renewable resources to meet current needs but does not
compromise the future availability of resources”.

 According to the United Nations, sustainable development

"meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs".
sustainable development goals.

 Introduction At the United Nations Sustainable

Development Summit on 25 September 2015, world leaders
adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

 This agenda includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals

(SDGs) to end poverty, fight inequality and injustice and
combat climate change by 2030.

 Each goal has specific goals to achieve over the next 15

years. To achieve our goals, everyone should contribute to
Governments, the private sector, civil society, and people
like young youth.

 It addresses the root causes of poverty and the universal need

for development that benefits all. • The new goals are
universal and apply to all countries, whereas the MDGs were
intended for action only in developing countries.
 A set of 17 goals, backed up by a set of 169 detailed Targets.
 Negotiated over a two-year period at the United Nations.
 Agreed to by nearly all the world’s nations, on 25 Sept
2015.
 Achievement of all goals to be accessed at every 5-year
interval i.e. 2020,2025 and 2030.

 A central feature of the SDGs was the mobilization of

financial resources as the means of implementation and the
transfer of capacity building and environmentally sound
technology. The new goals recognize that tackling climate
change is essential for sustainable development and poverty
eradication. SDG 13 aims to foster urgent action to address
climate change and its impacts.
 Sustainable Development Goals
 On 25 September 2015, the United Nations General
Assembly adopted a new development agenda for the
period 2016-2030, containing a set of Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).
 17 SDGs and 169 sub-goals are linked and supported
by the 3 pillars of sustainability.
 Economic development
 Environmental protection
 Social justice
1.2 SDG TARGETS

1.End Poverty In All Its Bureaucracy Everywhere

1.1 with the aid of using 2030, eliminate severe poverty for
everybody everywhere, presently measured as humans residing on
much less than $1.25 a day
1.2 with the aid of using 2030, lessen as a minimum the aid of
using 1/2 of the share of guys, girls and, youngsters of every age
residing in poverty in all its dimensions in step with country-wide
definitions
1.3put in force nationally suitable social safety structures and
measures for all, together with floors, and with the aid of using
2030 attain sizeable insurance of the bad and the prone
1.4 with the aid of using 2030 make sure that every guy and girl,
specifically the bad and the prone, have the same rights to
financial sources, in addition, to get getting right of entry to
primary offerings, ownership, and manipulation over land and
different styles of property, inheritance, herbal sources, suitable
new technology, and monetary offerings together with
microfinance
1.5 with the aid of using 2030 construct the resilience of the bad
and people in prone situations, and decrease their publicity and
vulnerability to climate-associated severe occasions and different
financial, social, and environmental shocks and disasters
1.6 make sure good-sized mobilization of sources from a whole
lot of sources, together with thru more suitable improvement
cooperation to offer an ok and predictable method for growing
countries, especially LDCs, to put in force programs and rules to
stop poverty in all its dimensions
1.7 create sound coverage frameworks, at country-wide, local and
worldwide levels, primarily based totally on pro-bad and gender-
touchy improvement techniques to guide expanded investments in
poverty eradication actions.

2.End starvation, acquire meals safety and advanced nutrients and

sell sustainable agriculture
2.1 with the aid of using 2030 cease starvation and make sure get
right of entry to with the aid of using all people, mainly the
terrible and those in susceptible conditions consisting of infants, to
safe, nutritious and enough meals all 12 months round
2.2 with the aid of using 2030 cease all kinds of malnutrition,
consisting of attaining with the aid of using 2025 the across the
world agreed goals on stunting and losing in kids below 5 years of
age, and deal with the dietary desires of adolescent girls, pregnant
and lactating women, and older persons
2.3with the aid of using 2030 double the rural productiveness and
the earning of small-scale meals producers, in particular women,
indigenous peoples, own circle of relatives farmers, pastoralists
and fishers, consisting of thru stable and identical get right of
entry to to land, different efficient sources and inputs, expertise,
economic services, markets, and possibilities for price addition
and non-farm employment
2.4with the aid of using 2030 make sure sustainable meals
manufacturing structures and enforce resilient agricultural
practices that boom productiveness and manufacturing, that assist
preserve ecosystems, that make stronger potential for model to
weather change, excessive weather, drought, flooding and
different disasters, and that steadily enhance land and soil quality
2.5 with the aid of using 2020 preserve genetic variety of seeds,
cultivated plants, farmed and domesticated animals and their
associated wild species, consisting of thru soundly controlled and
various seed and plant banks at national, local and global levels,
and make sure get right of entry to to and truthful and equitable
sharing of blessings springing up from the usage of genetic
sources and related conventional expertise as across the world
agreed
2.6 boom investment, consisting of thru more advantageous global
cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural studies and
extension services, generation development, and plant and cattle
gene banks to beautify agricultural efficient potential in growing
countries, mainly in least advanced countries
2.7 accurate and save you alternate regulations and distortions in
international agricultural markets consisting of with the aid of
using the parallel removal of all kinds of agricultural export
subsidies and all export measures with equal effect, according
with the mandate of the Doha Development Round
2.8 undertake measures to make sure the right functioning of
meals commodity markets and their derivatives, and facilitate well
timed get right of entry to to marketplace information, consisting
of on meals reserves, on the way to assist restriction excessive
meals fee volatility.

3.Ensure healthful lives and sell well-being for all in any respect
ages
3.1 via way of means of 2030 lessen the worldwide maternal
mortality ratio to much less than 70 according to 100,000 stay
births
3.2 via way of means of 2030 cease preventable deaths of
newborns and under- 5 children
3.3 via way of means of 2030 cease the epidemics of AIDS,
tuberculosis, malaria, and ignored tropical illnesses and fight
hepatitis, water- borne illnesses, and different communicable
illnesses
3.4 via way of means of 2030 lessen via way of means of one-1/3
pre-mature mortality from non-communicable illnesses (NCDs)
via prevention and remedy, and sell intellectual fitness and well
being
3.5 make stronger prevention and remedy of substance abuse,
consisting of narcotic drug abuse and dangerous use of alcohol
3.6 via way of means of 2020 halve international deaths and
accidents from avenue site visitors accidents
3.7 via way of means of 2030 make certain time-honored get
admission to to sexual and reproductive fitness care services,
consisting of for own circle of relatives planning, records and
education, and the mixing of reproductive fitness into countrywide
techniques and programmes
3.8 attain time-honored fitness coverage (UHC), consisting of
monetary hazard protection, get admission to to fine critical
fitness care services, and get admission to to safe, effective, fine,
and cheap critical drugs and vaccines for all
3.9 via way of means of 2030 drastically lessen the wide variety of
deaths and ailments from dangerous chemical substances and air,
water, and soil pollutants and contamination
3.10 make stronger implementation of the Framework
Convention on Tobacco Control in all international locations as
appropriate
3.11 aid studies and improvement of vaccines and drugs for the
communicable and non- communicable illnesses that commonly
have an effect on growing international locations, offer get
admission to to cheap critical drugs and vaccines, according with
the Doha Declaration which affirms the proper of growing
international locations to apply to the total the provisions
withinside the TRIPS settlement concerning flexibilities to defend
public fitness and, in particular, offer get admission to to drugs for
all Sustainable improvement goals
3.12 boom drastically fitness financing and the recruitment,
improvement, and education and retention of the fitness group of
workers in growing international locations, mainly in LDCs and
SIDS.

4. Ensure inclusive and equitable nice schooling and sell lifelong

gaining knowledge of possibilities for all

4.1 through 2030, make sure that every one woman and boy whole
free, equitable, and nice number one and secondary schooling
main to applicable and powerful gaining knowledge of outcomes
4.2 through 2030 make sure that every women and boy have to get
admission to nice early formative years of improvement, care, and
pre-number one schooling so that they're prepared for number one
schooling
4.3through 2030 make sure same get admission to for all men and
women to less costly nice technical, vocational, and tertiary
schooling, which includes university
4.4 through 2030, boom through x% [to be decided] the number of
adolescents and adults who've applicable capabilities, which
include technical and vocational capabilities, for employment,
respectable jobs, and entrepreneurship
4.5 through 2030, dispose of gender disparities in schooling and
make sure same get admission to all stages of schooling and
vocational schooling for the inclined, which include men and
women with disabilities, indigenous peoples, and youngsters in
inclined situations
4.6 through 2030 make sure that every adolescent and at the least
x% [to be decided] of adults, each guy, and woman, gain literacy
and numeracy
4.7 through 2030 make sure all rookies collect the know-how and
capabilities to sell sustainable improvement, which includes
amongst others schooling for sustainable improvement and
sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promoting a
subculture of peace and non-violence, international citizenship,
and appreciation of the cultural range and subculture`s
contribution to sustainable improvement
4.8 construct and improve schooling centers which can be child,
incapacity, and gender touchy and offer safe, non-violent,
inclusive, and powerful gaining knowledge of environments for
all
4.9 through 2020 increase through x% [to be decided] globally
the number of scholarships for growing international locations
especially LDCs, SIDS, and African international locations to sign
up for better schooling, which includes vocational schooling, ICT,
technical, engineering, and clinical programs in advanced
international locations and different growing international
locations
4.10 through 2030 boom through x% [to be decided] the delivery
of certified teachers, which includes global cooperation for trainer
schooling in growing international locations, in particular LDCs
and SIDS.

5. Achieve gender equality and empower all girls and ladies

5.1 stop all varieties of discrimination in opposition to all girls

and ladies everywhere
5.2 dispose of all varieties of violence in opposition to all girls and
ladies in public and personal spheres, consisting of trafficking and
sexual and different kinds of exploitation
5.3 dispose of all dangerous practices, which includes child, early
and compelled marriage and girl genital mutilations
5.4 apprehend and price unpaid care and home paintings thru the
availability of public services, infrastructure and social safety
policies, and the merchandising of shared obligation inside the
family and the own circle of relatives as nationally appropriate
5.5make sure girls’ complete and powerful participation and
identical possibilities for management in any respect stages of
decision-making in political, financial, and public life
5.6 make sure commonplace get right of entry to to sexual and
reproductive fitness and reproductive rights as agreed according
with the Programme of Action of the ICPD and the Beijing
Platform for Action and the final results files in their evaluate
conferences
5.7 adopt reforms to offer girls identical rights to financial
sources, in addition to get right of entry to to possession and
manage over land and different varieties of property, monetary
services, inheritance, and herbal sources according with country
wide law
5.8 decorate using permitting technologies, especially ICT, to sell
girls’ empowerment
5.9 undertake and make a stronger sound.

6. Ensure availability and sustainable control of water and

sanitation for all

6.1 with the aid of using 2030, gain generic and equitable get
admission to secure and low-priced ingesting water for all
6.2 with the aid of using 2030, gain get admission to to ok and
equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and cease open
defecation, paying unique interest to the wishes of girls and
women and people in inclined situations
6.3 with the aid of using 2030, enhance water high-satisfactory
with the aid of using decreasing pollution, disposing of dumping
and minimizing launch of unsafe chemical substances and
materials, halving the percentage of untreated wastewater, and
growing recycling and secure reuse with the aid of using x% [to
be decided]
6.4 with the aid of using 2030, appreciably boom water-use
performance throughout all sectors and make sure sustainable
withdrawals and deliver of freshwater to cope with water scarcity,
and appreciably lessen the variety of human beings laid low with
water scarcity
6.5 with the aid of using 2030 enforce incorporated water sources
control in any respect levels, along with via trans boundary
cooperation as appropriate
6.6 with the aid of using 2020 shield and repair water-associated
ecosystems, along with mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers,
aquifers and lakes
6.7 with the aid of using 2030, amplify worldwide cooperation
and capacity-constructing aid to growing nations in water and
sanitation-associated sports and programs, along with water
harvesting, desalination, water performance, wastewater
treatment, recycling, and reuse technologies
6.8 aid and fortify the participation of neighborhood groups for
enhancing water and sanitation control.

7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern

energy for all

7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and

modern energy services
7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy
in the global energy mix
7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy
efficiency
7.4 By 2030, enhance international cooperation to promote access
to clean energy research and technology, including renewable
energy, energy efficiency and advanced clean fossil-fuel
technology, and improve energy infrastructure and clean energy
technology promote investment in
7.5 By 2030, strengthen infrastructure and technology to provide
modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing
countries, in particular his LDCs and SIDS.

8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable financial increase,

complete and effective employment and respectable paintings for
all
8.1 maintain in line with capita financial increase according with
country wide circumstances, and mainly as a minimum 7% in line
with annum GDP increase withinside the least-advanced nations .
8.2 gain better ranges of productiveness of economies thru
diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, together
with thru a focal point on excessive fee brought and labour-
extensive sectors
8.3 sell development-orientated guidelines that assist effective
activities, respectable process creation, entrepreneurship,
creativity and innovation, and inspire formalization and increase
of micro-, small- and medium-sized organizations together with
thru get admission to to monetary offerings
8.4 Improve progressively. thru 2030, worldwide aid performance
in intake and manufacturing and endeavour to decouple financial
increase from environmental degradation, according with the 10-
yr framework of programmes on sustainable intake and
manufacturing, with advanced nations taking the lead .
8.5 with the aid of using 2030 gain complete and effective
employment and respectable paintings for all ladies and men,
together with for younger human beings and folks with
disabilities, and identical pay for paintings of identical fee
8.6 with the aid of using 2020 drastically lessen the percentage of
children now no longer in employment, training or training
8.7 take instantaneously and powerful measures to stable the
prohibition and removal of the worst types of toddler labour, get
rid of compelled labour, and with the aid of using 2025 quit
toddler labour in all its paperwork together with recruitment and
use of toddler soldiers
8.8 shield labour rights and sell secure and stable running
environments of all workers, together with migrant workers,
especially ladies migrants, and people in precarious employment
8.9 with the aid of using 2030 devise and put into effect guidelines
to sell sustainable tourism which creates jobs, promotes nearby
subculture and merchandise
8.10 reinforce the potential of home monetary establishments to
inspire and to make bigger get admission to to banking, coverage
and monetary offerings for all
8.11 growth Aid for Trade assist for growing nations, especially
LDCs, together with thru the Enhanced Integrated Framework for
LDCs eight.12 with the aid of using 2020 expand and
operationalize a worldwide approach for children employment and
put into effect the ILO Global Jobs Pact.

9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable

industrialization and foster innovation.

By 2030 raise significantly industry's share of employment and

GDP in line with national circumstances, and double its share in
LDCs. Increase access of small-scale industrial and other
enterprises to financial services including affordable credit and
their integration into value chains and markets by 2030 upgrade
infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable.
10. Reduce inequality within and among countries .

10.1by 2030 progressively achieve and sustain income growth of

the bottom 40% of the population at a rate higher than the national
average .
10.2 ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome,
including through eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and
practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and
actions in this regard adopt policies especially fiscal, wage, and
social protection policies and progressively achieve greater
equality .
10.3 improve regulation and monitoring of global financial
markets and institutions and strengthen implementation of such
regulations .ensure enhanced representation and voice of
developing countries in decision making in global international
economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more
effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions .
implement the principle of special and differential treatment for
developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in
accordance with WTO agreements .
10.4 encourage ODA and financial flows, including foreign direct
investment, to states where the need is greatest, in particular
LDCs, African countries, SIDS, and LLDCs, in accordance with
their national plans and programmes .
11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient
and sustainable
11.1by 2030 progressively achieve and sustain income growth of
the bottom 40% of the population at a rate higher than the national
average .
11.2ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome,
including through eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and
practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and
actions in this regard adopt policies especially fiscal, wage, and
social protection policies and progressively achieve greater
equality .
improve regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and
institutions and strengthen implementation of such regulations
11.3.ensure enhanced representation and voice of developing
countries in decision making in global international economic and
financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible,
accountable and legitimate institutions .
11.4.implement the principle of special and differential treatment
for developing countries, in particular least developed countries,
in accordance with WTO agreements .
11.5 encourage ODA and financial flows, including foreign direct
investment, to states where the need is greatest, in particular
LDCs, African countries, SIDS, and LLDCs, in accordance with
their national plans and programmes.
12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

12.1implement the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on

sustainable consumption and production (10YFP), all countries
taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into
account the development and capabilities of developing countries
by 2030 achieve sustainable management and efficient use of
natural resources by 2030 halve per capita global food waste at
the retail and consumer level, and reduce food losses along
production and supply chains including post-harvest losses .
12.2 develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable
development impacts for sustainable tourism which creates jobs,
promotes local culture and products rationalize inefficient fossil
fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing
market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances,
including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful
subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts,
taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of
developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts
on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the
affected communities.
13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
Integrate climate change measures into national policies,
strategies, and planning improve education, awareness raising and
human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation,
adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning. Promote
mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change
related planning and management, in LDCs, including focusing on
women, youth, local and marginalized communities.

14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine
resources for sustainable development
14.1 UNCLOS SIDS Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine
Technology call for sustainable development of the oceans, seas
and marine resources for developing countries (SIDS and LDCs)
by 2025.
14.2 The UNCLOS criteria and guidelines include: Conserve and
sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to
avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their
resilience, and take action for their restoration, to achieve healthy
and productive oceans.
14.3 by 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which
contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, and eliminate
subsidies that contribute to IUU fishing, and refrain from
introducing new such subsidies, recognising that appropriate and
effective special and differential treatment for developing and
least developed countries should be an integral part of the WTO
fisheries subsidies negotiation
14.4 by 2030 increase the economic benefits to SIDS and LDCs
from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through
sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacities, and
transfer marine technology taking into account the
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and
Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, to improve
ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine
biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in
particular, SIDS and LDCs provide access of small-scale artisanal
fishers to marine resources and markets, ensure the full
implementation of international law, as reflected in UNCLOS for
states parties to it, including, where applicable, existing regional
and international regimes for the conservation and sustainable use
of oceans and their resources by their parties.
15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial
ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification,
and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
15.1 Combat desertification and restore degraded land affected by
drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land-degradation-
neutral world.
15.2 By 2030 ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems,
including their biodiversity, to enhance their capacity to provide
benefits that are essential for sustainable development. Integrate
ecosystems and biodiversity values into national and local
planning, development processes ,and poverty reduction
strategies, and accounts for the Sustainable Development Goals.
15.3 mmobilizeand significantly increase from all sources
financial resources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity
and ecosystems, mobilise and significantly increase from all
sources financial resources to conserve and sustainably use
biodiversity and ecosystems mobilise significantly resources from
all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest
management, and provide adequate incentives to developing
countries to advance sustainable forest management, including for
conservation and reforestation enhance global support to efforts to
combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by
increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable
livelihood opportunities.

16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable

development, provide access to justice for all ,and build effective,
accountable ,and inclusive institutions at all levels
16.1 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable
development, provide access to justice for all ,and build effective,
accountable ,and inclusive institutions at all levels.
16.2 end abuse, exploitation, trafficking ,and all forms of violence
and torture against children
16.3 promote the rule of law at the national and international
levels, and ensure equal access tto justicefor all
16.4 by 2030 provide legal identity for all including birth
registration.
16.5 ensure public access to information and protect fundamental
freedoms, ibynational legislation and international agreements.
16.6 strengthen relevant national institutions for building
capacities for preventing violence and combating terrorism and
crime.
16.7 promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for
sustainable growth and development.
17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global
partnership for sustainable development
17.1 Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt
sustainability. Addressing external debt of highly indebted poor
countries (HIPC) to reduce debt distress. Promoting environmentally
sound technologies to developing countries on favorable terms.
17.2 promote development, transfer, dissemination, and diffusion of
environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on
favorable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as
mutually agreed
17.3 fully operationalize the Technology Bank and STI (Science,
Technology, and Innovation) capacity-building mechanism for LDCs by
2017, and enhance the use of enabling technologies in particular ICT
17.4 enhance international support for implementing effective and
targeted capacity building in developing countries to support national
plans to implement all sustainable development goals, including through
North-South South-South, and triangular cooperation Sustainable
Development Goals 72 Doha Development Agenda:
17.5 promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and
equitable multilateral trading system under the WTO.
17.6 increase significantly the exports of developing countries, in
particular with a view to doubling the LDC share of global exports by
2020
17.7 realize timely implementation of duty-free, quota-free market
access for all least developed countries consistent with WTO decisions.
17.8 enhance global macroeconomic stability including through policy
coordination and policy coherence.
17.9 respect each country's policy space and leadership to establish and
implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development
17.10 enhance the global partnership for sustainable development
complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships.
1.3 History Of These SDGs, Implementation Progress
 There is no question that we must reorient the global economy
from one of growing disparities, social exclusion, and tremendous
environmental threats to one of sustainable development.
 A global path in which prosperity is shared, communities are
inclusive, and the environment is protected.
 To that purpose, all United Nations member states agreed to adopt
"Transforming the World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development" in September 2015.
 It is a worldwide action plan for global collaboration on
sustainable development from 2015 to 2030.
 To ensure that no one is left behind, the 2030 Agenda established
17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 169 targets.
 Clearly, that was a difficult task that took time to complete.
 Though these Global Goals were adopted in 2015, their history
may be traced back several decades.
 A quick recap of key significant events will help us better
appreciate how the SDGs are raised.
 Rachel Carson, an American biologist, awakened the world to the
environmental impact of chemical pesticides in 1962 with her book
"Silent Spring," which spurred the global environmental
movement. Silent Spring is largely regarded as the most influential
environmental book of the twentieth century.
 The Santa Barbara Oil Spill, which occurred seven years later in
January 1969, spilled almost 15 million liters of oil into the
California shore, killing thousands of animals.
 This accident, the worst oil spill to that point, drew worldwide
attention. It became yet another wake-up call for the globe to
examine people’s responsibilities for environmental conservation.
 This resulted in the inaugural Earth Day (April 22, 1970), when 20
million people gathered to honor the planet.
 The event pushed environmental issues to the forefront that had
previously been ignored by the media and policymakers, and
environmentalists began to develop "Green" political movements
in the shape of activist non-governmental organizations and
environmentalist political parties.
 As a result, the "Conference on the Human Environment" was held
in Stockholm in 1972. It was the first UN member-state conference
to identify that the economy, on one side, and the environment, on
the other, were on a collision path. The rising impact of human
activities on nature was causing environmental hazards of historic
size.
 The Club of Rome, in partnership with the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT), published "The Limits to Growth" in the
same year, which stunned the globe.
 Because more people were becoming aware of environmental
issues, the modern green movement concentrated on promoting
environmental and social principles as well as altering government
policy.
 Thousands of people throughout the world joined the campaign
and began demanding policy reforms, particularly against the
expansion of nuclear power. The devastating events at Three Mile
Island, followed by the one in Chornobyl, were watershed
moments in the fight against deforestation in the Amazon and
Indonesia.
 In response to concerns about unsustainable economic
development, the United Nations formed the "Brundtland
Commission" in 1983, led by Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland.
 "Our Shared Future" The phrase "Sustainable development" was
defined in this commission's 1987 report.
 It is a development that fulfills the requirements of the present
generation without jeopardizing future generations' ability to
satisfy their own needs.
 During the 1992 "Earth Summit," the notion of Sustainable
Development was established as a common worldwide concept.
 However, on the 20th anniversary of the Earth Summit in 2012,
when UN member states convened in Rio for the "Rio +20
conference," it became clear that the idea of sustainable
development had not been adopted or implemented.
 The other pressing fact, as warned by scientists and scholars, was
that the globe cannot continue to develop at an unsustainable rate.
 As a result, they have chosen the concept of goal-based
development to assist steer the behavior of governments,
corporations, and civil society in a common direction.
 The UN nations were acting in the framework of another set of
goals known as the Millennium Development Goals at the time of
the "Rio+20" meeting (MDGs).
 As a result, the concept spread that the MDG period will be
followed by a Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) phase from
2015 to 2030. The debate over what these SDGs should be has
begun.
 The SDGs were developed through the UN's largest-ever
participation process.
 10 million individuals from all across the world participated in the
consultation process to help define the 2030 Agenda.
 Over three years, an original list of roughly 300 proposed goals
was discussed, prioritized, and aggregated objectives, yielding 17
goals by the middle of 2015.
 Priority objectives for prosperity, people, planet, economic, social,
and environmental goals.
  Few months before the United Nations Sustainable Development
Summit in 2015, Pope Francis said in his second encyclical,
"Laudato si," that climate change is one of the most serious
concerns confronting mankind.
 The Pope called for a "new discourse" and urged the entire world
to adopt "rapid and coordinated global action."
 Finally, on September 25th, 2015, the member states approved
those 17 goals as part of the broader commitment to the 2030
Agenda at the UN Sustainable Development Summit.
 The SDGs have become the roadmap for a better, more sustainable
future for everybody. They are frequently referred to as a radical
blueprint for mankind and a new manner of "doing" progress.
 A few weeks after the United Nations Summit in Paris, another
worldwide accord to combat global warming and human-caused
climate change was established. The "Paris Climate Agreement" is
inextricably linked to the 2030 Agenda.
 As a whole, these two important accords provide an overarching
framework of global collaboration for sustainable development.
 We have the technology and resources in place to meet both the
SDGs and the Paris Climate Agreement. What we most need to get
there is active collaboration.
 Our job is to recognize urgent, agree on a course of action, and
work hard to attain these objectives.
 We are at the start of the "Decade of Action" (2020-2030), and in
order to achieve the goals, everyone must contribute: governments,
the corporate sector, and civil society.

Implementation Progress
 A few weeks after the United Nations Summit in Paris, another
worldwide accord to combat global warming and human-caused
 climate change was established. The "Paris Climate Agreement" is
inextricably linked to the 2030 Agenda.
 As a whole, these two important accords provide an overarching
framework of global collaboration for sustainable development
 We have the technology and resources in place to meet both the
SDGs and the Paris Climate Agreement. What we most need to get
there is active collaboration.
 Our job is to recognize the urgent, agree on a course of action, and
work hard to attain these objectives.
 We are at the start of the "Decade of Action" (2020-2030), and in
order to achieve the goals, everyone must contribute: governments,
the corporate sector, and civil society.
 The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2022 gives a global
summary of progress toward implementing the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development, based on the most recent data and
forecasts. It monitors global and regional progress toward the 17
Goals by conducting in-depth studies of chosen indicators for each
Goal.
 According to the Report, a series of interconnected problems are
threatening the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well
as humanity's basic survival. The Report emphasizes the gravity
and depth of the issues we face. The convergence of crises, led by
COVID-19, climate change, and wars, is having repercussions on
food and nutrition, health, education, the environment, peace and
security, and all of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
 The Progress Chart 2022 clearly shows the degradation of progress
toward numerous objectives, including poverty, food security,
malaria eradication, vaccine coverage, and employment, as a result
of the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and violence. The
problems of reaching the SDGs have been exacerbated by recent
cascading crises. Urgent, scaled-up, and coordinated steps by all
nations are required to expedite SDG implementation and prevent
 catastrophic consequences in order to get back on track and chart a
road for greater recovery.
1.4 Takeaways from Global Sustainable Development Report
(GSDR) 2019 available at

 The Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR) is

produced by an Independent Group of Scientists appointed
by the Secretary-General.
 It will be published once every four years, to inform the
quadrennial SDG review deliberations at the General
Assembly.
 The negotiators knew that the Agenda would be complex,
and unprecedented in ambition, and that the traditional
siloed approach to development would not be adequate.
 The Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR)
originated in the Rio + 20 outcome, when Member States
were laying the groundwork for the 2030 Agenda and the
Sustainable Development Goals.
 In 2016, Member States decided that the report should be
produced once every four years, to inform the quadrennial
SDG review deliberations at the General Assembly.
 It should be written by Independent Group of Scientists
appointed by the Secretary-General.
CHAPTER- 2 ESG FRAMEWORK
IN INDIA
2.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF ‘E’, ‘S’, AND ‘G’ IN BUSINESS
 The E in ESG stands for environmental criteria, which include the energy
your organization consumes and the garbage it emits, the resources it
requires, and the effects on living beings as a result.
 Last but not least, E includes carbon emissions and climate change. Every
business consumes energy and resources; every business influences and is
influenced by the environment.
• S, social criteria, addresses your company's relationships and reputation
with people and institutions in the communities where you do business.
 S stands for labor relations, as well as diversity and inclusion. Every
business exists inside a larger, more diversified society.
• G, governance, refers to your company's internal system of practices,
controls, and processes for governing itself, making effective choices,
complying with the law, and meeting the demands of external
stakeholders.
 ESG-oriented investing has risen dramatically in tandem with the rising
zeitgeist.
 Global sustainable investment currently exceeds $30 trillion, a 68 percent
increase since 2014 and a tenfold increase since 2004.
 2 The acceleration has been fueled by increased societal, political, and
consumer focus on the broader effect of firms, as well as investors and
executives who recognize that a strong ESG offer may ensure a company's
long-term success.
 The volume of investment implies that ESG is much more than a passing
trend or a feel-good activity.
 ESG-oriented investing has risen dramatically in tandem with the rising
zeitgeist.
 Global sustainable investment currently exceeds $30 trillion, a 68 percent
increase since 2014 and a tenfold increase since 2004.
 2 The acceleration has been fueled by increased societal, political, and
consumer focus on the broader effect of firms, as well as investors and
executives who recognize that a strong ESG offer may ensure a company's
long-term success.
 The volume of investment implies that ESG is much more than a passing
trend or a feel-good activity.
 ESG-oriented investing has risen dramatically in tandem with the rising
zeitgeist.
 Global sustainable investment currently exceeds $30 trillion, a 68 percent
increase since 2014 and a tenfold increase since 2004.
 2 The acceleration has been fueled by increased societal, political, and
consumer focus on the broader effect of firms, as well as investors and
executives who recognize that a strong ESG offer may ensure a company's
long-term success.
 Global sustainable investment currently exceeds $30 trillion, a 68 percent
increase since 2014 and a tenfold increase since 2004.
 2 The acceleration has been fueled by increased societal, political, and
consumer focus on the broader effect of firms, as well as investors and
executives who recognize that a strong ESG offer may ensure a company's
long-term success.
  The volume of investment implies that ESG is much more than a passing
trend or a feel-good activity.

2.2 Components of Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report(BRSR)

 The base document behind the BRSR is the National Guidelines on
Responsible Business Conduct (NGRBC), which emanates from Social
Development Goals (SDGs).
 The MCA report objectifies BRSR to serve as "a single comprehensive
source of non-financial sustainability information relevant to all business
stakeholders – investors, shareholders, regulators, and the public at large."
 Alignment with ESG Concept The underlying intent of the BRSR can be said
to be a seamless alignment of the various regulatory frameworks with the
long-term objectives and sustainability goals of the company, which are key
requisites for the decision-making process of various stakeholders.
 Sustainability regulatory frameworks are key requisites for the decision-
making process of various stakeholders.
 The underlying intent of the BRSR is the seamless alignment of the various
regulatory frameworks with the long-term objectives and sustainability
goals of the company.
 At the onset, the company shall be required to provide a statement
highlighting ESG-related challenges, targets, and achievements.
 Details of basic details such as name, CIN, registered office address, and
contact details of the person responsible for BRSR's operations, products,
and turnover.
 Further details about the gender ratio of employees and workers,
representation of women at the top management and turnover ratio of the
employees have to be disclosed.
 The disclosures sought in this section are internal and mostly available with
the reporting entities.
 It is important to note here that the company does not have to necessarily
formulate a new policy(ies) altogether for each of the principles but existing
policy(ies) or procedure(s) adopted in the company can also serve the
purpose.
 India's Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 requires companies to disclose
whether the companies have formulated an anti-bribery policy / anti-
corruption policy.
 The legislation does not mandate the companies to have a written policy
against corruption.
 It provides safeguards to companies against the corrupt practices of its
employees.
2.3 BRSR requirements, essential BRSR disclosures
 Permanent employee or "permanent worker" is defined under Sec 2(l) of
the IndustrialRelations Code, 2020 and means a person (other than an
apprentice engaged under the Apprentices Act, 1961) employed on wages
by an establishment to do any skilled,  unskilled or unskilled, manual,
operational, supervisory, administrative, technical or clerical work for hire.
This does not include any member of the Armed Forces of the Union.
 The term "other than permanent employee" refers to employees or
workers who are employed for a fixed term that ends when a specific time
period expires, or on the end of a project or return of a replaced employee.
Permanent employee or permanent worker refers to an employee or
worker, employed for full-time or part-time work, for an indeterminate
period.
 Other than employees or workers could be employed directly by the entity
or through third-party contractors.
 Redressal Mechanism refers to a mechanism for stakeholders individually
or collectively to raise and resolve reasonable concerns affecting them
without impeding access to other judicial or administrative remedies.
project or return of a replaced employee.
 the listed entity may disclose if it has a specific commitment, goal or target
against the principles of sustainable development and environmental,
social, and governance (ESG) as outlined in the section below.
 The issues for each of the principles can be covered in a running format.
 The listed entity must disclose the highest executive in the organization
who is responsible for their implementation and the highest authority
responsible for oversight.
  Such could be a director, committee of the board, senior management
personnel or a committee of employees.
 The disclosure must be made at the beginning of the report or under
Section B.
 “Sustainable Sourcing” essentially refers the integration of
 social, ethical and environmental performance factors into
 the process of selecting suppliers.
2.4 ESG policy and culture of Capgemini company
 Capgemini's culture and business practices have been inspired by our
seven core values - Honesty, Boldness, Trust, Freedom, Fun, Modesty
and Team Spirit.
 These guiding principles are at the heart of our purpose as an ethical
and responsible business. Capgemini has committed to helping achieve
11 of the 17 SDGs, as we believe that they reflect our ability to integrate
material ESG challenges in the way we do business.

 The Group is realistic when it comes to the promises of technological
innovation: their role is to make it useful, accessible, and ethical.
 TheirE carbon reduction targets are validated by the Science-Based
Targets initiative (SBTi).
 measures to reduce energy and water use, including the deployment of
highly efficient air handling units, the smart management of lighting,
heating, and cooling systems, through building management systems;
 • Transitioning the entire Capgemini group to renewable electricity.
 There are three main priorities to our new renewable energy strategy:
 continuing to scale up solar capacity at our offices in India, where we
have the greatest potential both in terms of scale and the amount of
sunlight available;
 securing renewable Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) in areas where
our electricity consumption is of sufficient volumes; and
 pursuing renewable electricity contracts backed up by Guarantee of
Origin certificates where these are available (in Europe) or high-quality
renewable certificates where no other options exist;
• Managing our waste effectively is important in terms of minimizing
our use of finite natural resources, as well as being a tangible, impactful
way of demonstrating our environmental commitments to our people.
 We have sought to apply the principles of circular economy to our
operations 10 OBJECTIVE 2: Transition to 0% renewable electricity by
2025, and electric vehicles by 2030.
 Capgemini: Capgemini's financial statements meet the European Union
Directive and French regulations on the non-financial statement, known
as the extra-financial performance declaration (Declaration de
performance extra-financière) and DPEF).
 the ten principles of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC),
 the French duty of care ("Devoir de Vigilance") and anticorruption law
 the International Integrated Reporting Framework published by the
IIRC
CHAPTER-3 INSIGHTS ABOUT
THE CAPGEMINI AND
INDUSTRY’S SDG AND ESG
PRACTICES
3.1 Mapping of Capgemini Business Practices with SDG/ESG
 Capgemini's focus is on improving its environmental, social, and
governance (ESG) performance and developing solutions and services to
substantially improve the environmental performance of its clients.
 Capgemini has eight key priorities that have significant positive impacts on
its business model and value drivers.
 Leveraging the spirit and energy of Capgemini teams, and using their
operational excellence, innovative assets, and added-value partnerships,
we continually increase our ESG performance and develop solutions and
services to substantially improve the environmental performance of their
clients.
 Therefore, they focus on eight material ESG priorities that have significant
positive impacts on Capgemini's business model and value drivers, as well
as for their stakeholders.
 Capgemini was one of the first companies in its sector to have its carbon
reduction targets validated by the Science-Based Targets initiative.
 They set in 2016, was to reduce our total carbon footprint per employee by
20% by 2020 and by 30% by the end of 2030.
 They achieved this 2030 target in January 2020, more than 10 years ahead
of schedule and before the COVID-19-related lockdowns.
 These changes reflect its continued commitment to address climate change
in line with the latest climate science.
 Capgemini has a global ISO14001 certified Environmental Management
System (EMS) and a carbon accounting system that provides a
comprehensive data set about our environment carbon impacts.
 Only 17% of organizations in our survey, for instance, have deployed
measures to use green energy in their data centers. However, barring such
actions from some organizations, the majority of data-centers are still
largely powered using fossil fuels. towards powering their data centers with
renewable energy.
 Google also plans to shift completely to carbon-free energy.
 Microsoft, for instance, has announced plans to switch to. The production
and disposal of electronic devices have a significant environmental impact.
 Estimates indicate that the carbon cost of producing these devices is nearly
equal to, or exceeds, the cost of using them.
 Extending the lifespan of electronic devices is therefore critical. The
extraction of metals used to manufacture smartphones, for instance, is
linked with ecological destruction and generates large volumes of toxic
waste.
 Only 17.4% of global e-waste generated in 2019 was recycled.

3.2 Sources of data collection

 While tech solutions can help solve environmental issues, IT as a whole has
a significant carbon footprint. For instance, data centers represented
nearly1% of the world's energy demand in 2019.

 In operations, there most material environmental impacts result from the
use of energy in our facilities, business-related, travel, the commuting of
employees from their homes to the office, the disposal of office waste, as
well as from the goods and services they buy.
 They are committed to creating a diverse and inclusive workplace where
every employee, contractor, and stakeholder brings the best value to our
clients.

 Making our people feel welcome is critical to our long-term success, as well
as ensuring their safety and health, safeguarding their health, safety and
well-being.
3.3 Presentation of the insights about the company data
 Only 80% of organizations improve brand reputation and better ESG ratings
through sustainability initiatives.
 This means aligning business teams and sustainability executives along the
organizational sustainability agenda, working with customers and suppliers
to reduce indirect emissions, building transparency through effective
reporting and ensure accountability, incorporating sustainable ways of
working and operating culture, and investing in technology and data-driven
innovation to ensure sustainability goes hand in hand with profitability.
 Successful manufacturers understand that environmental responsibility not
only meets the needs of the planet and wider society, it is also an integral
part of the entire manufacturing value chain and delivers significant
business opportunities and benefits.
 Capgemini is committed to leading the way to positive futures with our
ecosystem. To this end, the ESG Policy frames 11 objectives that will ensure
that we deliver against our priorities. Capgemini's commitment extends to
ambitious national, regional, and global initiatives. They have been
signatories of the Women's Empowerment Principles since 2011.
 Capgemini's commitment extends to ambitious national, regional, and
global initiatives.
 For example, they have been signatories of the UN Global Compact since
2004; we support the principles of the 1948 Universal Declaration of
Human Rights and the fundamental conventions of the International Labor
Organization (ILO) refusing the use of forced labor or child labor; we have
been signatories of the Women's Empowerment Principles since 2011; and
joined the World Economic Forum's Alliance of CEO Climate Leaders to help
deliver the transition to a net-zero economy.
 For each sub-topic, we map (ESG Index) our existing disclosures to the
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI Content Index), the Sustainable Accounting
Standards Board (SASB), and the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial
Disclosures (TCFD) voluntary disclosure frameworks.
 Capgemini's commitment, as well as the ESG policy, the indicators
dashboard, the 2025 and 2030 objectives, and the strengthened reporting
process, meet the European and French regulatory obligations.
 the Ten Principles of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC),
 Capgemini's commitment, as well as the ESG policy, the indicators
dashboard, the 2025 and 2030 objectives, and the strengthened reporting
process, meet the European and French regulatory obligations, and are in
line and consistent with the requirements of internationally recognized
standards: the European Union Directive and the French regulations on the
non-financial statement, known as the extra-financial performance
declaration ("Declaration de performance extra-financière" or DPEF).





CHAPTER-4 MAJOR INITIATIVES
IN LAST ONE YEAR OF THE
COMPANY
 70% of the automotive industry is focused on overall emissions reduction
across the value chain.
 Two-thirds of automotive organizations expect to achieve a reduction in
carbon emissions by 2040, and 57% are going beyond ESG compliance to
make sustainability a key business driver.
 At current rates, automotive organizations are not in line to meet the
overall goal of net zero emissions by 2050 under the Paris Agreement. Less
than 10% of organizations are showing the way toward a sustainable
automotive industry.
 However, since 2018, the automotive industry has reduced overall
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by only 5%, with a further 19% reduction
expected to be realized by 2030.
 Rising costs across the energy grid as well as complicated charging methods
are halting progress and adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs).
 A demand for GHG emission reductions has pushed automotive
organizations to focus their efforts on Electric Vehicles. Customers are
reluctant to switch to electric due to range anxiety and costs for charging,
 and find the ease of availability for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle
spare parts and servicing options more attractive.
 Fewer than half (41%) of executives surveyed note that their organization
has a dedicated sustainability initiative for battery end-of-life; this drops to
28% for second-life batteries.
 Investment in sustainability initiatives is defined as investment in
technology, processes, and skills to meet organization's sustainability goals,
not including large capex investments that automotive organizations make
in EV R&D/manufacturing among others.
 Sustainability in the automotive industry involves a comprehensive view of
planet- and human-friendly operations, processes, products, and services.
Sustainability in the automotive industry involves a comprehensive view of
planet-friendly operations, processes, products, and services. Capgemini
Research Institute has focused on environmental sustainability aspect out
of the three "ESG" aspects.
 Scope 1 emissions are direct emissions released to the atmosphere from
owned or controlled sources.
 Scope 3 emissions are indirect greenhouse gas emissions other than scope
2 emissions that are generated in the wider economy. The circular
economy is a concept, regenerative by design, aiming at gradually
decoupling growth from the consumption of finite resources.
 REFERENCE

 https://www.capgemini.com/in-en/insights/research-library/sustainable-
operations/
 https://investors.capgemini.com/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/
2/2022/08/EnvironmentalSustainabilityReport-Final1-27th-July.pdf
 https://sdgs.un.org/publications/future-now-science-achieving-sustainable-
development-gsdr-2019-24576
 https://investors.capgemini.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/
ESG-policy2021.pdf