An Analysis of flouting maxim quality in onward movie directed by Dan

Scalon

Submitted to Fulfill the Assignment of: Semantics

Lecturer: Dian Ekawati, M. Pd

Written by :
Irsyad Drajat 1182040052

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG
2021
A. Background
The communication is really useful tools in connecting people. There are several
form in doing communication, but people commonly used speaking as form of
communication. In doing communication the participants have to understand
each other about the meaning of the topic that being discussed. When the
participants of conversation give too much information, out of context or even
not relevance to the topic can cause misunderstanding. When the participants do
such thing, dot the participants of conversation know about the maxim of
conversation? Do they understand how the Grace’s principles work in
suppoeting successful conversation? This phenomenon commonly exist among
our society.

In order to keep get in touch and socialize with other people, oral
communication is one of many option. The way people communicate can be
trough writing, Sign Language, but the common way is speaking. Along with it
there is also the existence of cooperative principles of grace's theory in the
science of language about application of maxim in conversation. There are four
kind of maxim in the grace’s cooperative principles, those are maxim of
quantity, maxim of relevance, maxim of manner, and maxim of quality. In order
to do the successful communication people have to concern about those maxim
of conversation. It means, the cooperative principles have a several restriction
for the people in doing conversation. The principle demand the people to adjust
their conversation to the maxim. When people are not concern the maxim in
conversation there is a chance to violate the maxim, even it is deriberately or
not. The violation can lead the participants of conversation to misunderstanding
the meaning.

The flouting maxim quality of conversation could be happen in many form of

conversation. it could be happen in the film, drama, conversation in novel and so
on. sometimes the reader or viewer misunderstand or even not understanding the
topic of conversation because of the flouting maxim. Therefore, researcher are
 interested in analyzing conversational maxims in a film, but the focus only on
maxim of quality in the film. The researcher chose the fantasy film named
“onward” beacuse this film contain great illutration, story and music that engage
the author since the begining until the end of the story. The film also contain the
unique conversation and interesting to understand and analyze if there is a
flouting maxim.

Related to the topic of flouting maxim of conversation there are several previous
study. Begin with “An analysis of flouting maxim in “Coco” movie” written by
Bayu Garna Pradika and Kori Amaliah Puji Rohmanti found that the maxim
quality is flouted the most, followed by relation and quality and the last is
maxim of manner. The second study is “An Analysis Of Flouting Maxim In
Conversation Speaking Of The Main Character In The Movie Of Home Alone 2
“Lost In New York” By John Hughes” this research focus to the main character
and found that the main character dominantly violate the maxim of quality.

The previous resarch and the importance of Grace’s cooperative theory make the
author interested in analyzing the same topic which is analyzing the maxim of
conversation. The focus of this reseach is only about flouting maxim of quality
in the movie named Onward directed by Don Scalon released in 04 march 2020.
The research title is “An Analysis of flouting maxim quality in onward movie
by Dan Scalon”.

B. Theoretical Framework
a. The Cooperative Principle
According to (Esterani Zebua, 2017) English Philosopher named H.P. Grice
(1975) was stated that The Cooperative Principle is the assumption that
participants in the conversation commonly acting to be informative, truthful,
relevant, and clear. According to Destra Wibowo Kusumo (2015 : 9) in (Bayu
Garna Pradika, 2018), in pragmatics the cooperative principles is the primary
principle where the participants have to make their conversation as cooperative
as possible, in accordance with the goal of the conversation. (Finegan, 2006)
state that the cooperative principle is the principle which govern the
interpretation of remark are various and complex, and somewhat the principles
differ from culture to culture.

b. Type of maxim

H. P. Grice in (Peter Cole, 1975) call the categories of cooperative principles are
Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner. (Zebua, 2017) in (Bayu Garna
Pradika, 2018) proposed four maxim of conversation in the cooperative
principles. Those are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation,
maxim of manner.

 Maxim of Quantity
In maxim of quantity the participants should give the information as is
necessary, they should give ‘enough information’ no less and no more
information.
 Maxim of Quality
When the participants of the conversation talk sincerely, it is categorize
as maxim of quality. The participants are believed not to talk anything
which they believe to be wrong or anything which they less evidence.
 Maxim of Relevance
When the participants of conversation are trusted to say anything which
related or relevant to what has been said before.
 Maxim of Manner
The participants of conversation have to orderly and be bold and avoids
obscurity and ambiguity.
c. Flouting maxim

According to (Grice, 1975: 49) in (Fatmawati, 2015) the flouting maxim is when
the speaker of a conversation deliberately violates the maxims in order to
communicate hidden meanings. Based on Thomas (1995: 65) in (Fatmawati,
 2015) states that maxim flouting implies purposefully neglecting to obey the
maxims of the Cooperative Principle without the aim to deceive or cause a
misunderstanding.

Sum of maxim flouting is the same number of the maxim in cooperative

principles there are four type of it, quantity maxim flouting, quality maxim
flouting, relevance maxim flouting, and manner maxim flouting.

 The term "flouting maxim of quantity" refers to when the speakers in a

discourse fail to fulfill the Cooperative Principle's maxim of quantity. It
covers whether the speakers are less informative than necessary or more
informative than necessary. When speakers violate the quantity maxim,
they become less or more informative.
 When a speaker violates a maxim of quality, he or she simply says
something that does not reflect what he or she truly believes. The speaker
fails to meet the quality maxim; a maxim that demands the speaker to
make a contribution that is truthful, that is, not saying what is thought to
be untrue and not saying what the speaker lacks enough proof for.
 When the maxim of relation is violated, the speakers in a discussion fail
to communicate effectively. Speakers are frequently disconnected in their
disregard for maxim of relevance. However, being irrelevant does not
always imply that the speakers do not wish to be relevant. Speakers are
sometimes irrelevant because they wish to hide something or convey
something to others indirecly
 All speakers strive to be clear in their communication. However,
ambiguity does occur on occasion, whether the speaker means it or not.

C. Research Question
1. Is there any flouting maxim of quality in the onward movie?
2. If there is any flouting maxim of quality, what is the explanation?
D. Finding and Discussion
The finding of this research which is focus on the flouting maxim of quality in
the “onward” movie directed by Dan Scalon spesifically in the minute 48.00 –
51.00, the researcher found there is two times Ian Lightfoot, the main character
of this movie violate the maxim of quality in conversation.
The Data Conversation:

No The Conversation (contain flouting maxim of Reason /discussion

. quality)
1. local officer : Bronco, I thought you were The reason it is
working on the other side of town? flouting is because
Ian Lightfoot (disguise as officer Bronco) : he lied that he
I, Uh Changed my mind changed mind to
working there, and it
is proved by the
magic is gone each
time he lie.
2. Local Officer : Something wrong ? The reason is
Ian Lightfoot (disguise as officer Bronco) : because he is liying
Just a little neck cramp (hiding his ear) about his neck
cramp.

The second analysis is focus on the conversation in 01.00.00 – 01.02.00 i found

barley which is Ian’s older Brother violate the maxim of quality in conversation.
The Data Conversation:

No The Conversation (contain flouting maxim of Reason /discussion

quality)
 1. Ian Lightfoot : You still got the rope right? (it The reason is
means the rope that secures ian if ian falls ) because Barley lie to
Barley : Yeah I got it (the truth is already untie Ian and it is violate
in the because it is not strong enough) the maxim of
quality.

E.Conclussion
According to the finding and the discussion above, the researcher conclude that
there are several flouting maxim of quality, two in the first time section which is
48.00 – 51.00 and one in the second time section which is 01.00.00 – 01.02.00.
The researchers also hope that this research may be beneficial to future
researchers that perform pragmatic studies, particularly on maxim in
conversation. The researchers also recommend that future scholars do linguistic
study on the maxim discourse from a different point of perspective and with
other goals. Beacuse when the researcher analyze the maxim of quality there is
also the conversation that indicates other maxim of conversation.

F. References

Referensi
Bayu Garna Pradika, K. A. (2018). AN ANALYSIS OF FLOUTING MAXIMS
IN ”COCO” MOVIE. project, 658.
Esterani Zebua, D. R. (2017). The Violation and Flouting of Cooperative
Principles in the Ellen Degeneres Talk Show. : Journal lof Language and
Literature, 104.
Fatmawati, S. N. (2015). A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF MAXIM FLOUTING
PERFORMED BY SOLOMON NORTHUP IN 12 YEARS A SLAVE
MOVIE. http://journal.student.uny.ac.id/, 1-2.
Finegan, E. (2006). Language: Its Structured and Use, Fifth Edition. Michael
Rosenberg.
Peter Cole, J. L. (1975). Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 3, Speech Acts. New York:
Academic Press.