LEARNING MODULE IN CS 14: PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH 1 and 2 S.Y.

2021-2022

LESSON 1 INTRODUCTION TO DANE

Dancing - is one of the oldest and most popular forms of exercise .

The human being has an innate yearning for regular rhythmic movement.
Whether this is in the form of athletics, activities of daily living, or dance,
the human body is the primary instruments for each (Myers, 2005). Dance
uses the body as an instrument of expression in time and space.

What is a dance?

Dance is a rhythmic and expressive movement of the

body in successive movement usually accompanied by
music.
Dance differs from athletics and other daily activities
because it focuses primarily on “an aesthetic or even
entertaining experience.” It provided variety of functions
throughout history due to its multidimensionality.

Nevertheless, the dances during

prehistoric time have not been fully
recorded. It was only during the Pre-
Christian Era that the real knowledge of
dance came with great Mediterranean and
Middle Eastern Civilizations.

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LEARNING MODULE IN CS 14: PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH 1 and 2 S.Y. 2021-2022

The ancient Greeks also thought

highly of dance. For them it was
closely linked with other kinds of
experiences. Dances were taught as
an aid to military education among
the boys of the Athens and Sparta.
Good Dance - contains a theme or a motif to be able to convey its meaning or
intention to the audience
Why do people dance?
A. To please the Gods
B. To please others
C. To please themselves or self-expression
D. To build community within an ethnic group or social interaction

What are the Features of dance?

a) Music – It is closely related to dance for it plays a significant role in
it.
b) Movement – it refers to action of dance with the use of their bodies
to create organized patterns
c) Theme – it pertains to the content or main ingredient of the dance.
d) Techniques – It refers to the skill in executing movement
e) Properties and costume – These can be the visual effect of dance.

LECTURE 2
ELEMENTS OF DANCE
SPACE
This is the area the performers occupy and where they move. It can be
divided into four different aspects, also known as the spatial elements.

a. DIRECTION – dance movements can travel in any direction, may also face
any direction while executing a single movement or several phrases.

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LEARNING MODULE IN CS 14: PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH 1 and 2 S.Y. 2021-2022

b. SIZE – movements can be varied by doing larger or smaller actions

c. LEVEL – movements can be done in a high, medium, or low level.

d. FOCUS – performers may change their focus by looking at different

directions.
TIMING
The movements in timing may be executed in varying tempo (speed.)
Performers move with the tempo of an underlying sound, known as beat or pulse.

DANCE ENERGIES
The movements here propelled by energy or force. A force can either
initiate or stop an action. There are six qualities of dance energies presented
below:

a. SUSTAINED – movements are done smoothly, continuously, and with

flow and control. It does not have a clear beginning and ending.

b. PERCUSSIVE – movements are explosive or sharp in contrast with

sustained movements. They are accented with thrust of energy. They have
a clear beginning and ending.

c. VIBRATORY - movements consist of trembling or shaking. A faster

version of percussive movements that produces a jittery effect.

d. SWINGING – The movements are relax and giving in to the gravity on

the downward part of the motion, followed by an upward application of
energy.

e. SUSPENDED – movements are perched in a space or hanging on air.

Holding a raise leg in any direction is an example of a suspended
movement.

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f. COLLAPSING – movements are released in tension and gradually or

abruptly giving into a gravity, letting the body descend to the floor. A
slow collapse can be described as a melting or oozing action in a
downward direction.

BODILY SHAPES
It refers how the entire body is molded in space or the configuration of
body parts. The body can be rounded, angular, or a combination of two. Other
body shapes can be from wide to narrow and from high to low. They can be
symmetrical and asymmetrical.

a. SYMMETRICAL – balanced shape, movements are

practically identical or similar on both sides.

b. ASYMMETRICAL – unbalanced shape, movements

of two sides of the body do not match or completely
different from each other.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD DANCE.

1. UNITY

The interconnected phrases of the dance are coherent and flow smoothly
together. The movements fit together and each plays an important role that
contributes to the entirety of a dance.

2. CONTINUITY AND DEVELOPMENT

The phrases of the dance that are organized progressively, making each
movement phrase move naturally into the next. There is a continuous

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LEARNING MODULE IN CS 14: PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH 1 and 2 S.Y. 2021-2022

development of the movement phrase and the audience is swept along to the
end
Some dance develop organically in much the same way a play or a novel
grows from a process of natural unfolding of an idea, or sometimes it is built
upon a structure ordinarily associated with poetry.

3. VARIETY AND CONTRAST

Making one or several variations that highlight the facet of the motif. This
provides the variety within the development of a dance. It introduces new
material, which is noticeably different from anything so far seen on the
dance. Variety and contrast in movement phrases add excitement and flavor
in the dance. Changing in direction, use of energy, timing of a movement
phrase, and avoiding repeating them in the exact way are ways to add
variety to the dance.

4. TRANSITION
This is the link between movement, phrases, and sections of the dance. It
makes the logical progression of the dance flow smoothly. Also, it is vital
because it keeps the unity and continuity of the dance. Transition may vary
from length and complexity. They may be long or short, gradual or abrupt.
They may also be simple or involving an entire phrase of movement.

5. REPETITION
It emphasizes movements and phrases that are important to the dance
and gives a feeling of closure to work. Some phrases need to be repeated in
choreography so that the audience can see those movements again and
identify its significance. Usually when a certain phrase or a section of
choreography is repeated, it is the main message of the dance. This function
to make clearer the meaning or intention of the dance.

6. CLIMAX

This is where the apex of energy in the dance is reached. It is similar to

climax in a story where a series of events culminates. The climax maybe fast
and enraged blast of energy and action, or it could fade away to a gentle and
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LEARNING MODULE IN CS 14: PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH 1 and 2 S.Y. 2021-2022

quiet exit that marks the end of a particular story. The music will often assist
both the choreographer and the audience when determining this point of
development.

All these characteristics are organized to contribute to the development of a

meaningful dance. It is easier to recognize a good dance when all these
characteristics have been applied in the choreography.

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