Complied by : Manish Jain

Gr. Floor, Ashoka apartment

Bhawani Singh Road
C-scheme, Jaipur -302001
Rajasthan ( INDIA)
Ph. 91-0141-2743536,91-9829063132
Email: fdarchitect@gmail.com
Web : www.frontdesk.co.in

PRINCIPLE OF
ARCHITECTURE

by AI. Manish Jain ( www.lrontdesk.co.in)

 THE GOLDEN RATIO

Two quantities are in the golden ratio if the ratio of the sum of the
quantities to the larger quantity is equal to the ratio of the larger quantity to
the smaller one.
a
b ;;::;;: rp.
a b

'----
- y --~-'
a+b 1--- - - - -6 - - - - I t

cp =
l+V5
2 = 1.. 61.803 3'9887 .. .. .
1

by AI. Manish Jain ( www.trooldesk.co.il)

THE GOLDEN RATIO

Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens.

This ancient temple fit5ff:rll'tfrjS'f!f}JT'eci'Sel!f"i1'm:Jn'a golden rectangle.
 THE GOLDEN SPIRAL

Assume that rectangle ABCD is a Golden Rectangle.

Hence , AD/AB =AE/ED.
But, FE =AE,
FE/ED= Phi.
Hence , rectangle FCDE is a Golden Rectangle.
We have two similar rectallgiesal!fndUSC!Y"Sitweskoo il)
Phi= AD/EF then BD/CE = Phi.
 The first example of the
golden ratio in the average I
human body is that when the •
distance between the navel
and the foot is taken as 1 r,
•
II
•
unit, the height of a human
being is equivalent to 1.618.
•
••

tt:\.
---
--·--- .,'-· v
·':'_-,...... 1 j
I
•
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I -~--====~{UJj
_ _ Some other golden proportions in the average human body are:
The distance between the finger tip and the elbow I distance between the wrist
and the elbow,
The distance between the shoulder line and the top of the head I head length,
The distance between the navel and the top of the head I the distance between
the shoulder line and the top of the head,
The distance between the na~a..m~neewJv-dlsmtmel between the knee and the
end of the foot.
PRINCIPLE OF ARCHITECTURE

AXIS
--·----- A Line established by two point in space
about which form and spaces can be
arranged in symmetrical and balanced
manner

SYMMETRY
The balanced distribution and
arrangement of equivalent forms and
spaces on opposite sides of dividing
plane or about a center axis

HIEARCHY
The articulation of importance and
significance of form or space by its
size shape and placement relative to
by A< Manisbtffe'F'fd~ ~fi'Ct spaces of organization
PRINCIPLE OF ARCHITECTURE

AXIS
--·----- A Line established by two point in space
about which form and spaces can be
arranged in symmetrical and balanced
manner

SYMMETRY
The balanced distribution and
arrangement of equivalent forms and
spaces on opposite sides of dividing
plane or about a center axis

HIEARCHY
The articulation of importance and
significance of form or space by its
size shape and placement relative to
by A< Manisbtffe'F'fd~ ~fi'Ct spaces of organization
 PRINCIPLE OF ARCHITECTURE

RHYTHM

011111 1J C 0¢QO Unifying movement characterized by patterned

repetition or alteration of formal elements or
motifs in same or modified forms

.
.., DATUM
A line plane or volume that, by its continuity
' <> I

and regularity, serves together, measure and

organize a pattern of form and spaces

TRANSFORMATION
The principle that an architectural concept or
organization can be retained, strengthened
and built upon through a series of discrete
by !'fnanipt!JtatiOJ:tl1efld>tra ns to rmati o ns
 AXIS

INDUCE MOVMENT
The axis is a linear condition , it has qualities
of length and direction and induce movement
and views along its path

. ·- ·- -·- · -·· TERMINATION AT BOTH ENDS

- RENFORCED BY DEFINING EDGES

0 GO
·-· ·- · -·
\/ ESTABLISHED BY SYMMERTICAL
0
C7 0 D. ARRANGEMENT
by AI. Manish Jain ( WNw.trooldesk.co.il)
AXIS

u ·

DARWIN D. MARTIJINtOOS'e';&'£ST'M''E"':;'buffalo New York

, 1904. Frank Lloyd Wright
AXIS

DARWIN D. MARTIJII'tt0051:';&,£ST'M"'E"':;'buffalo New York

, 1904. Frank Lloyd Wright
AXIS

DARWIN D. MARTIJII'tt0051:';&,£ST'M"'E"':;'buffalo New York

, 1904. Frank Lloyd Wright
 AXIS

..

Villa Madama, Rome 1517

, Raphael Sanzio
 AXIS

--- · - -·-------·· ·- .. . -.....

'-J--.. . . . . . . ,....,._>;IOJ..
.......,.,,l~u•~

~tu~..t ........te
...tc..»-20"
*'fll<

-
by AI. Manish Jain ( www.tronldesk.co.il)

Northen Palace at masada , israel c.30-20B.C.

 SYMMETRY

Types of symmetry

Bilateral Symmetry Radial Symmetry

Balanced arrangement Equivalent elements balanced
of equivalent elements about Two or more axes that
about a common axis intersect at center point

0 0 0 0

0 DD 0
0
DD 0

by AI. Manish Jain ( www.~onldesk.oo.il) 0 0

0 0
SYMMETRY

·'
'·.

II '

3
r

Unity Church : oak pal'k~HtmofS~O&.sffahk Lloyd Wright

 SYMMETRY

,
r·
•• •
...
m(/

Great Stupa at Sanch i , india by Ar. ManishJaln (www.oonldesk.oo.in)Gru,5wpo"S..n<W.- ' IOOOC

c.100B.C. ~
 SYMMETRY

tttt+t+ t+Htt+

'I ,.J, . • l l
J·-,.mrrmm-rr
lii!JIIII ...,~' ::TT!lmmmmmrrmm
II llllllllllllll!• "II ill llllllllllllllllllll
••••••••• , . ........... "0 .............. .

Baths ( thermae) of Caracalll\,y AI. ManishJain (www.~onldesk.oo.il)

, Rome 211-17 AD
 SYMMETRY

st........................ .......................s
:TTBL_.J ·;_:_jf~(
...i?triff.I-,Jl:fl,-
: ;.:I.
tJ?:f.t-
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(
.~
~- ... . .. ...
0 =
• ••••• 0 •• -
~~~~
•

Palace of Diocletain , Spalat<ty AI. ManishJain (www.~ontdesk.oo.il)

,Yugoslavia, c. A.D. 300
 HIERARCHY
Hierarchy Achieved by

By SIZE
Dominate architectural composition
D ODO
DOD
00000
by being significantly different in size DOD
ODD o

BY SHAPE 00000
00000
Can be made visually dominate by clearly 0 0000
differentiating their shape from other
00000
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By PLACEMENT DO
Strategically placed to call attention to 0 DO
themselves as being the important
DO
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elements in compositian"'l'nishJain (www.~onldesk.oo.il) 00000
HIERARCHY

a• • • • • • • • - • l • •• •• :
• •
•
•

• •
I
by AI. Manish Jain ( www.lronldesk.co.Kl)
•
Villa Trissino in Meledo : Andrea Palladio
 I
• •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • J =
HIERARCHY
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Ill
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_.........
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBttf'BtHt!DtNG ~,o•Gs,moi
tiCAL

complex, Chandigarh, india 1956, Le corbusier

DATUM

DUBAR SQUARE, Patan, Nepal, Renovated 171h century

 DATUM

Piazza san marco venice , italy,

by AI. Manish Jain ( www.trooldesk.co.il)

DATUM

by AI. Manish Jain ( www.trooldesk.co.il)

Marin County Civic Center, San Rafael, California 1957 , Frank Lloyd Wright
 DATUM

Salvation Army Hostel , Paris

, 1928-33 Le corbusier
R.H.Y.T.H.M.

Rhythm refers to any movement by a patterned recurrence of elements or motifs

at regular or irregular intervals . The movement may be of our eyes as we follow
recurring elements in a composition.

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IJf rrtfi1'rllltLr¥.Jit.llw ~t N)' kofttoteytJH• tolcwrcumttdtfttlf•aur~·1*.
(If(I-~~ li!Jiito'JIIU ,.,.. J ~IIUof tf~ II Cl\her"""" tilfU- Mcorporltn 1t.
...Wf'lffl.II~CW~tof~UOIIH, .tt.~et loO~)W.( roms.-.~ SP"ft'" ~

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Clf~ t. ~ tN ,_ ,ll.•t ,j.WII rlrttl- r'IJ cHM fA k,_, '11,;A

• • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • •
•
• • • IIIIl I
•
•
by f.,. M<\nis.hJain:( +w.~<louJesk.o4.i1J I IIIII0 0 0
REPETITION
• ki!II~R'ft!Cj • .t~CII•; I I ' •. . . . . U>

• """"'~ .. ,.....~ " . . II'IIIPfr

• Ur iJMlCUJI!lll!,:a Ill) t11n •wr!'IW
We tend to group elements in ra1
Their closeness or proximity to one another
.
""' ......
.,,_...fl~·- .....lliftfc.IIIIAfflf....'""""'........

The visual characteristics they share in common

000
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by AI. Manish Jam ( www. ~onldesk.oo . il);:)_60

I
ODD c
REPETITION

Unite'd' habitation , Marseilles 1946-52, Le corbusier

by AI. ManiSh Jain ( www.trooldesk.co.il)
REPETITION
•

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.. ... .. .. .. ...... ....-
t!
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0

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Jam a Masjid , Gulbarga , IQ,'Ml!J.,~§J.in (www~onldeskoo il)

REPETITION

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•

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t.....,.
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by A1. Manlsh Jain ( www.• ontdoSI\.coJn)

Katsura imperial Villa , Kyoto , Japan , 17 century1h
RHYTHM

- ~
>-- ~ Hr
-· - •

by AI. Manish Jain ( www.tronldesk.co.l'l)

I
 RHYTHM
Pueblo Bonito , Chaco
canyon USA 10111 -13'h
Centuries
 RHYTHM
Multiple Rhythm can be laid over one another in the fa~ade of building
RHYTHM

2 . Jl' .J ., • 2 ;, •.) •., • ' •

' ... tJ , ~ :a , 2 2i . .
A · U C JH.:·ll C lh \.

6·~·-·~ · , · ~ ·# ~ 4
G·.J·~·• , .J, a·c
.\:B-c;.n.<:.n <: n A

' • • • ' · lor •' •" •:. · lr . ' •, . :; ..•...

l " •l •.. ~ II 'l (, .1 r 4

.\ ·JL\. B ,\(; .\. UA IL \. ..

by AI. Manish Jain ( www.trooldesk.co.il)

Studies of internal Fa~ade of a Basilica by Francesco Borromini
 RHYTHM

Church at Vuoksenniska , Finland

, 1956 , Alvar Aalto
RHYTHM

r~==~·
'II?--
•••
• ••••
• •
..

JLrl rllriJD

by AI. Manish Jain ( www.trooldesk.co.il)

Culture Center, Wolfsburg Germany, 1948 ·62, Alvar Aalto
 TRANSFORMATION

Scheme for 3 library By Alvar Aalto

Library of mount angel, Oregon 1965-70

-
Library , Seinajoki , Finland 1963-65

/Jil!i!?7
Library , Rovanieml, Finland 1!16't-"A
WAf. ~~ hJ 81111
• ~~
. WWW.IIO!l
1
- .:: "-
"'4/.
R.
- ........, 1 _ _ ,,.-y..:t."-••
8-E • v
L: ·--\ J
Cruciform Plan organization • .. ..
by FL Wright
L.... ~
TRANSFORMATION . . .

~· ~tt~
IJ
(1

I
Free Plan Organization ,
The-Ramp-in-a-Square ,
·~". J

By Le Corbusier

I~

. . . .
by AI. Manish Jain ( WNw.tr6n!de .oo.in)

~IWI,.,_.Sct ......;j ,.
TRANSFORMATION . . .

~· ~tt~
IJ
(1

I
Free Plan Organization ,
The-Ramp-in-a-Square ,
·~". J

By Le Corbusier

I~

. . . .
by AI. Manish Jain ( WNw.tr6n!de .oo.in)

~IWI,.,_.Sct ......;j ,.