The diagram describes how bricks are manufactured for the building industry.
Overall, there are 7 main stages in the process of manufacturing bricks,
beginning with digging up the clay and ending with delivery of the bricks to the customers. Firstly, clay is dug up by using a big digger. Then, clay is placed on a metal grid and small pieces drop onto a large roller. At the third stage, sand and water are added to the clay. After the bricks are shaped by using a wire cutter or a mould, they are moved to a drying oven for 24 to 48 hours. The process continues with burning the bricks in a special kiln at a moderate temperature about 200oC – 980oC. Afterwards, they continue to be heated for the second time at a higher temperature about 870oC – 1300oC in another kiln. Before being packaged at the sixth stage, the bricks are treated in a cooling chamber for 48 to 72 hours. The process finishes with delivering the entire bricks to the customers. The chart below illustrates the circulation of water in nature, which is the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Overall, it is clear that there are 3 main steps in this process. Ocean water evaporates, falls as rain or snow, and then goes back into the ocean. At the first stage of the process, as a result of the sun’s heat, water from ocean evaporates into the air. It is estimated that about 80% of total water vapour in air comes from the ocean. Afterwards, a cloud is form by the condensation of water vapour. At the next stage, water from the clouds falls as rain or snow. At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater may take various paths. Some of it may fall into lakes or be absorbed into the ground, become groundwater. The surface runoff which is made from rainwater flows back to the ocean without reaching the impervious layer. The process finishes with the salt water intrusion.
How it Works: Dealing in simple language with steam, electricity, light, heat, sound, hydraulics, optics, etc., and with their applications to apparatus in common use
The Modern Bricklayer - A Practical Work on Bricklaying in all its Branches - Volume III: With Special Selections on Tiling and Slating, Specifications Estimating, Etc