© SAM Plans irey Swordfish in 1:48th od 77, NOVEMBER 1999 Price: £2.95 i 3 | | | | at 9 "770956" 16206. Gee Me eM Coke eM Tee Eo aLHee aea bay) g s Pay g 3 Ft 8 Pt Q a ESL} [Waar va Nea Pegs de Hava DAD 119 x x, Soph Sipe 2199S SA rss WAY TAY POSTAGE?-ITS REEWORINWS, =q Dept. SAM. P.O. Box 50 Whitstable Kent CTS 2UX GREAT BRITAIN Pict (227 277569 (24Hr line), Fax:+44 (0)1227 770195 fe | http://www.pegasusmodels.com e-mail sarah@pegasusmodels.com leinaers d ae oes Dynavector Air Models 1/48 Scale Quality Vacu-form Kit NEW! de Havilland Sea Hornet OS rterrinee | £31.00 eg eee eee Gives arate aap ino rawr rin ‘YMAVEGTOR SYSTEMS, 32 READING ROAD, TEE Ts Sas nag Tea SO) Trae aus ona FROG flav off wth the Fine Seale Modeler Mode! Kit ofthe Yoar ‘ward for the unbeatable 1:48 scale Bomm German Flak Gun. Aircratt Modelling VOLUME 21 NUMBER 9 ISSN 0956-1420 httpyiwww.samnet.co.uk Published by Guideline Publications ‘and printed by Regal Litho Ltd at! '382 Selbourne Road, Luton, Bedfordshire Lut BNU “Tel: 01882 505900 Fax: 01582 560731 Ermall:regalithohaBo@atlas.co.uk ‘Managing Editor: it Robineon asiatant Editor “Andy Sheppard Sulian Edwards Advertsing: hoa Taplin at BTA ko 215695 Fax: 07442 246024 Diswribution: ine, The Soho Building, 110 Groene Siroei Suite 705, ‘New York, NY 10012, Tel: (212) 226-3965 Fax: (212) 2265707 ‘Subscription Departmnt: io ATMLtG, P.O. Box 1000, Geteshoed NET? oGA ‘ols 0191 487 6222 Fax: 0191 487 6239 SUBSCRIPTION RATES the mbnerber own ban We seep peer Veo Mecrard ce card or Data dot carte ah lla, re Serene aca 344.5033 3am 10 Spm Pacific time, seven days © weak. Fax soca estes oon ieee eanereis fous te nowe deat tee seats tm conson Se TTL The etemal balancing act. letter | ecelved reco froma Yeager berating me for printing too mary World War Two features in recent issues of SAM sent me Mking {rough the back Issues of ths latest Volume, (volume 23), to check and See I Indeed this was the case On this cceasion I'might have to admit a tte gull, as a qulek ‘article count revealed that some 59% of articles features Word War Two fra subjects (with 40% postwar and % Word War One) 'My prob’, that World Wa Two Is sla Very popular subjct with aera enthusiast, modelers and kit manufacturers lke, and this is refseted In the artes we receWe fom Contributors Till ertalny pay more atention tothe balance of subjects in future, (and no | haven't {forgoton about Cail Aifinar modellor/enthusiasts. there are several anicles walting ready In ny es), but with the 60th Anniversary of the 1939 to 1945 war years now Upon Us, | an ‘rly warh you that we wil be running an indepth series of features on euch toples as the ‘ole de Guerre’. Finnish Sovet Winter War, Bate of France Battle of Brita "The Night Bitz, ‘Pearl Harbor’ to name but a few for the year 2000 and eary 2004, but this willbe balanced by equally fascinating features on "F158 over the Gur, iG 25 Foxbat, ‘USAF ‘Special Forces, ‘SFOR Helicopters In Bosna, “Jaguar into 2000’, and eral At Force Story Part 3: 1937-1998 Hopefully tis wil be enough to satisty most avaton/madeling enthusiasts. I'm also ‘leased to announce an atonal six more pages starting wih this issue, including a gatefold Section allowing us to otter scale drawings of larger aeraftin 1:72 scale and/or smal rant in 1:48 scale. “Tere had to be a sight cover price Increase to help offset Some ofthe cost, which Fm sure youl agre fs well worth : il Robinson Managing Editor Contents The in Tray 452 [New to us: new to you? New items received by SAM ‘Aircraft in Detail -P-47 ‘Bubbletops' in World War Two 54 Andy Sheppard descrives tho F170, M andNsub-ypes used by Aliod Forces 1n World War Two, with some oftheir colour schamas ilustrated by Skyweters Readers Write 166 Your chance to respond to previous articles in SAM or simply ar your views about aviation/modolling related topics of SKG 10 m 9 ” ‘Tom Evorit builds Aircraft in Miniature's latest 1:72 scale Rug Rat Resin ki, the HS Andover New! SAMplans . 7 Five pages of 1:48 scaled re Lowe converts the Avision Usk Ro 37 into an Ro S7bis, whilst Peter Groon ompanies the article with 172 scale plans and an alternative colour scheme Kits, accessories, books and decals reviewed by enthusiast modellers Tailpiece Ed Mike McEvoy's dangerous habit of talking to people! On the front cover: Revell's magnificent 1:32 scale Tornado, in ‘Desert Storm’ markings; tone of two models made by Paul Lawson for his feature starting on pagedS3. Inset: P-47D of tho 56th Fighter Group, in that famous unit's distinctive markings Al studio photography, unless otherwise credited, by John Ruddleston Photography Lt. 451,| called at the MPM shop in Prague to get 2 Fairey Barracuda, only to be told that it would be another three of for weeks before it was available; but someone must have convinced the Czechs that ‘Exporting is fun!" as it was already on Sale in the UK on my retumn. It comes with an injectionmoulded canopy and markings for four Royal Naval aircraft, Including two of the British Pacific Fleet, ‘Accompanying it are the Arado Ar 95A/W floatplane - four choices again, one of the Chilean Navy - and the Finnish variant of the MS 406, the Morko Morane In 1:48th ‘and in wartime and postwar colours. And from the same organisation, but with the Special Hobby tag, is the 1:48th ‘Sikorsky R4B/HSNA, in the markings of the USAAF, USCG and USN, To give you a headsup for a future decal page, Aeromaster have four new 1:48th sets for early Luftwaffe aircraft, two of them of Condor Legion aircraft types are early 109s and the Heinkel He 51. There Is also the first I'ie Seen of the 1:72nd ‘Thunderjets over Korea, although this is. labelled Part Il. The suggested kit Is that from Heller, so you might have to tread gingerly if Using the more complicated shapes on the new Tamiya kit, 452 Tl ¢ -" Sag ns [AMR have sent us a box of recent feeasea (eer rerceases, a except forthe Booty 6176. Ts 1 based on the Academy i. but has has adltonaly the neve wensporerey antl unt fer the Mer bo 17F Ts cates for te attematne. Tong. and short. noses Saroutaged Poker Beaver of 40001 BG fas he ‘congo tal and sharkmouted Ratu! met Mk Bat of 30st 96 te Cheyenne tll ret Fst of tose wth new docal sheets for ond mous ste Ewotgner phon wich now fae the Markings, mare te” Typhoon logo, worn by DA.5 at Famborough 1998, wir the caret comoutoge sckere ft that ‘area ond’ for teslan OAT, Suggested Spanish scheme. tnd the’ UR DA.2, complete with the England Rugby great on the fin The Meteor fil og three sets of markings for EE239/YQ.Q of S16 Squodton at caren times. ots career ‘ncudrg an awnfe Mish, end troiner for E€318) 402 of 4 Saucon ax colerne mmpeditly eter ewer Last of these boxes ts fre Republe FORT ‘Trundorsuvatr ant a Vly splenld set of decals for on er of te talon Dol focal sorbate team 1989, “ond ther eect as ero fait tess Colo anatural meted of 340 fire Grea At Force in 1964, wo ont Berge and on ved and elon hose bel Thevi:deny fv 190 ond Mustang which Wore memoned ere recerty sno tvalable as "State Seto with pa Frosh aed cement, but wih the. sams thot of mating: The same Vente fas bean gen twee anes; the wel remembered Boehng. 737" comes, wh Bitsh Airways an Ar race colors The ober to re 1: 3000 sealer 8 75.200 inthe esours of South Aton ard Unted, and 777 of sh Aways ta Sigapore atines The anes ae packoged wi veo ts of pat 0 tube Girereent ana sh, and the fers Rave an eoone! pot pal For me the quintessential fighters of the ‘20s have always been Hawker’s Fury and Nimrod, but "have almost as soft a spot for their American equivalents, the Boeing P-12 and FAB; 1:48tn scale kits ‘of both, obviously with a common core, hhave come from Classic Airframes. Both hhave engines to be built from resin with separate cylinders, exhausts _ and ppushrods (2), and the same material is Used for the inside of the cockpits. Markings for the P-42€ are for a classic Olive Drab/Orange Yellow aircraft of 26th Pursuit Group at Panama in 1932, and a rather less usual scheme of a natural metal fuselage, still with yellow fying surfaces, of an aircraft of the 308th Observation Squadron of the Organised Reserve - which begs the question about the Disorganised Resene - in 1939, Both naval F46-4s are in USN light grey with yellow upper wings, that of VE3B having ‘willow green cowlings, stripes end tall surfaces, while that of VF6 carries Felix the cat, black cowl and stripes and a white tail Modet-Aire International seem to surface from time to time with a kit of some oddity; their latest, moulded by Greg Meggs of High Planes, is of the Payen PA-22 Flechair, an aircraft that ‘was originally designed for recing in the late “30s to be powered by an early ramjet. When this didn't materialise Nicolas Payen fitted an piston engine, which at 180hp was somewhat Underpowered. Completed in the mid- blue colour characteristic of French racers of the period, the outbreak of war halted its racing career, but it was later repainted in Luftwaffe markings and flown briefly by the Germans before being destroyed by allied bombing. Decals for both periods of its lite are Included in the Kit. ModebAlre also tell us that they are preparing Volume Three of a quarterly magazine, the Encyclopaedia of i:72nd Scale Models. ‘Subscription is $25.00 per volume in the Us, $30.00 outside; those interested should write to ModetAire Intemational ‘at PO Box 584, Corte Madera, California 94976-0554, or email ‘them at MAIESMe@AOL.COM. ‘Another reissue from longer ago and farther away is the Tamlya Boeing 6520 Stratofortress in 1:100th scale. Tamiya hhad quite @ long flirtation with this scale = for some time their range included the only decent Buccaneer - but its popularity ‘seemed to have waned. Ths kit has both Internal and external non-nuclear Warload, and markings for three aircraft, ‘an unatiibuted natural metal/white ‘52 with the SAC band, and two camoufiaged with ‘black undersides, Snoopymarked East to Westover of 3468S/99BW and the splendid Lavender Panther from 92 88/92 SAW. While | should probably put this in the references section, we have been sent by Hubert Cance, a French illustrator whose plans have ‘appeared in several UK ‘magazines, a letter about his plans service. He has subjects in both ‘aircraft ‘and ‘gound support’ categories, and the examples sent are very clear, the aircraft ‘coming with cross-sections as well as @ sbeview. The aireraft example is a Payen 350 CD, 2 development of the Rlechair mentioned already, and the choice of plans in M.Cance's catalogue is almost as exotic. Most are available in 4:48th, 41:72nd and 1:1.44th scales -athough the Breguet Atlantique is in 4:144th only {and sometimes in several variants; there ‘are nineteen varieties of Brewster Buffalo, and as many of the Sukhoi Su27 Flanker family. Price Is £1.00 an Aa sheet, the number of sheets depending in the size and complesity of the subject. Those wishing to know more should write to Huber Cance at 56 B4.E.Lintilhac, 15000 Aurillac, France requesting his catalogues, RE rN ‘ANlation Usk is an American company ‘ith an eye for an unusual subject and a sense of humour that sometimes bursts out over its box tops. Init latest release, the SavolaMarchetti SM.84 trimotor, it refers to those who choose its products, as 'Uskomers'. The kit Is Injection moulded, with resin engines and a very ‘small metal fret_with a fim for the instrument panel. The decals are for two Italian aircraft and one of the Slovak Air Force. The back of the box has a listing ‘and partial illustration of the Av-Usk decal range, which Is describes as ‘modelers candy’ From almost my earliest plastic ‘modelling days - especially if you exclude Frog’ Penguin series - Monogram has been among the most respected names in the hobby, with a quality rarely ‘approached by’its early competitors. Its relationship with Revell has appeared to fluctuate, but parent company Binney and Smith has obviously appreciated ‘what Monogram has to offer, and is re launching many of its best remembered kits, of various ages, under the ‘Monogram Classic label. They are almost all in 1:48th ‘scale; the exceptions are the Ford Trimotor and the Grumman Albatross in 1:72nd and the Lockheed 10496 Constellation in 4:438th (you may or may not consider that to be close enough to 4:144tn, but itis the one in TWA colours featured on the cover of Come Fy With Mel). They come largely from the era of raised panel lines and occasional working features, but where else would you find a Wright Fyer? (think that was the ast model 1 figged, while | was on gardening leave from the air force). The press release says that where possible new or ‘additional decals have been included, but | don't yet know with which kits. Bilek from the Czech Republic is noted for co-productions, but its latest product is one | haven't Seen in anyone else's Catalogue recently. It 1s a MiG21F-13 Fishbed C which was | think the variant made by Alffix in the late ‘60s, although I'am assured that this is an all-new ae pr Fanaa € mould. The instructions have details for @ camouflaged and @ natural metal Czech Fishbed, @ SovAF aircraft with the recognition stripes for the 1968 invasion ‘of Czechoslovakia and the well-known Israeli 007". The decal sheet also has DOR markings, and the boxtop shows a Czech 21 taking lumps out of a SovAF 1128! The Bilek "99 catalogue included with our review sample promises @ MIG. 21PF and a MIG-21PFM, Spitfires IX and Iie and an FAE/F and R46, ve always associated Czechmaster with resin kits - theirs must have been the first from which 1 started to build ‘those odd German projects - but they've branched out in to accessories. ‘Amongst their recently released sets in 4:48th are an Alison V-1740 engine and three packets of parts for Tamiya Fw 190s. The Armament. set Is applicable to A, F or G subtypes, the interior detail box, which includes a vacform canopy, is for an A3 and the engine set, which would make a notable ‘model by itself, comes with the firewall ‘and a complete cowling and is for the &- 8 or F&, There is also an interior set for the Tamiya Mosquito B.1V, including canopy, seats, radios and crew entry door, and @ photo-etched fret with the instrument panels and backing film, If you're looking for additional storage, Magna Models have just produced a 4:72nd scale Blackburn Beverley, though {to gain access to the interior you will hhave to separate the clamshell doors from the fuselage halves. These, with the one-piece wing halves, are as big a piece Of resin casting as I'can remember, at least since the fleeting appearance of Toad Resins monster Daimler-Benz. AS well as a one piece cockpit interior and many bits of white metal, the kit also has decals for a camouflaged aircraft of 84 ‘Squadron, and two in the white-op finish from 30 Squadron and 242 OCU. Perhaps you should start saving now, not Just the £82.75 of the purchase price but also the 280 grams of weight needed for the nose! Eduard’s plans include 4:48th kits of @ 90/400 Arcade, P63 Kirgeab, Roland Gi, Sopwrn Carl, Neupent 345 SEA, new {ooing of thie Pas DiIR and that ite "eropane the Messer Me" 108 Tn s : 2 : 5 : ae oh Pz, ez, anu Hy Bl pageON te Nama THE Republic P-47 Thunderbolt originated from the drawing board of Alexander Kariveli of the Seversky Aircraft Corporation (renamed Republic Aviation in 1939), stemming directly trom the ‘SEV-AXP of 1935 via the P.35 and P43, Built in larger numbers than any other ‘American fighter - 15,683. examples ‘came off the assembly line before pro duction ended - the P-47 is considered fone of the three top USAAF fighters of World War 2 along with North American's P51 Mustang and Lockheed's P38 Lightning. At one point in 1944, no less than 31 frontline fighter groups on all fronts were flying Thunderbolt. RAZORBACK TO BUBBLETOP The aircraft which ultimately emerged {rom Republic's factories was quite ciffer tent from the originally conceived design, and like most aircraft it further evolved during its service life. The 3,962 Farmingdale-built P-47D-4RE to -22RE, 1,464 Evansville bullt D2RA to -23RA, and 354 Curtissbullt G4-CU to -15CU, Thunderbolts all had the ‘razorback’ fuse lage decking and framed sliding canopy Of the first production version, the P-478. Combat experience showed, that these features resulted in a serious blind spot to the rear, and in an attempt to improve visibility a few P.47Ds were field:modified with the British "Malcolm 2 Spitfiretike bulged canopy in fairly widespread use on the P518 and C Mustang - P-47s fitted with it were rare however, in comparison. Ina Search for a more lasting solution, in July 1943 a standard P-4705RE alr frame - serial 42.8702 - was fitted with a bubble canopy from a Hawker Typhoon, for which the rear fuselage had to be cut down, The resulting XP-47K showed this modification to be feasible, and it was immediately introduced on both the Farmingdale and Evansville production lines. Ordinarily, the USAAF would have ‘given such a major conversion a new var: ant letter, as with the similar installation fon the PSD Mustang, but for some rea son it only applied @ new production block number in the Dseries. Therefore, the first batches with the ‘bubble’ canopy were the Farmingdale P-470-25-RE and Evansulle P47D26RA, which also had the R-280059 or -63 ‘engines, 13foot diameter Curtiss Electric paddle-bladed propellor frst introduced on the D:22-RE and D23RA, and ‘universal’ wing fitted from the D20RE, A single P-47D20RE - 42:76614 was taken ffom the production line and became the XP-47L, fitted not only with a bubble canopy lke the XP-47K but also with increased capacity fuel tanks which raised internal fuel capacity from 305 to 370 US gallons, a feature also incorpo- rated into P-47D.25-RE production, Early “bubble top’ Thunderbolts. suf fered from some directional instability as 2 result of the loss of aft keel area, cured from the P-47027-RE production batch by a dorsal filet fitted forward of the fin Underwing zerolength launching stubs for 2 total of 10 fiveinch HVAR rockets were fitted from the -30RA_blooks. The high diving speeds which the Thunderbolt was capable of put the aircraft on the edge of compressibility, and to improve controlla- bility new bluntnosed ailerons were fit. ted, along with an electricallyoperated flap on the underside of each wing to help with dive recovery. ‘THUNDERBOLTS OVER EUROPE, The Thunderbolt had entered service in Europe with the Eighth Air Force in the spring of 1943, and it was just over a year later, in May 1944, that the first ‘bubble-top’ examples were delivered for use by that organisation. By that time, haif of its P-47-equipped units hhad con- verted to the P51 Mustang, and just four, th FG P-47 was the personal mount ‘ ‘Gabroski, the highest-scoring ‘Thunderbot wee, (USAF) the 56th, 78th, 353rd and 356th Fighter Groups, received the -25RE. By the end of the year the latter three groups had also switched to Mustangs, leaving the ‘56th FG as the Eighth’s sole remaining Thunderbolt unit. Flying the type exclu sively throughout its combat deployment, the 56th was the highest-scoring USAAF Group in the ETO, destroying 1,006 German aircraft for a loss of 128 Thunderbolts, a ratio of almost eight to fone. Many pilots became aces - achieving five or more victories - while fling the Thunderbolt, and outstanding among these were Lt Col Francis S’ “Gabby’ Gabreski, the highest scoring P-47 pilot with 31 kills, Capt. Robert § Johnson with 28, and Col Hubert ‘Hub’ Zemke with 20. ‘Once the P-51 Mustang began to take over longrange bomber escort duties, the -47 was increasingly diverted to ground attack role, where the type was to gain its reputation as a tough, rellable, and high- Iyeffective tactical aircraft. The 362nd and 365th Fighter Groups were the first Units of the Ninth Air Force, transferred to England from North Africa to be the USAAF tactical air component in the inva sion of Europe, to recelve P-47Ds in its ceatier ‘razorback’ form, and were joined by the 358th Group from the Eighth Air Force. By May 1944, when the first of the Ninth’s "bubbletops’ began to arrive, these groups had been joined by others fequioped with P.47s to provide support for the DDay landings in Normandy. By the end of the war, the 36th, 48th, oth, 354th, 366th, '367th, 368th, 37 ist, 373rd, 404th, 405th, and 406th Fighter Groups had all flown Thunderbolts in providing effective ground support for Allied forces as they advanced across idcamouflaged with RAF Dark Green and Sky. (USAF) France and into Germany. With its heavy ‘machine gun armament, bombs and rock ets, the type proved it was extremely effective in striking enemy ground forces, ‘and able to withstand considerable dam ‘age from ground fire and still retum its pllot safely. There was more than one Instance of a Thunderbolt fying home with entice engine cylinders shot away! ‘Thunderbolts also saw use in south em Europe, where they were employed in similar manner to those in the northwest. of the continent. Serving with the Twelfth Air Force, wiich in November 1943 took fon the role as the USAAFS tactical air Component in the Mediterranean theatre, the 27th, 57th, 79th, 86th, 324th and ‘350th Fighter Groups were all based on Corsica and flying P-47s in mi¢-1944 when the ‘bubble-top" Ds began to arrive ‘The 57th, 86th and 350th Fas all subse. ‘quently moved to Italy, where they flew ‘groundattack missions against German forces for the rest of the war, whilst the 45527th, 79th and 324th Fs moved to France in August 1944 in support of the Allied landings there. Eventually assigned to the 1st Tactical Ar Force, these three ‘groups operated like their Ninth Air Force counterparts, proving direct support for the advance of grounc forces up across France and into southern Germany Top left: A line-up of 304th FS, 367th FG tireraft. Bottom left Duck But © highly- ‘colourful machine of the same group's S82nd FS. Right: Before and after pictur Of “dust Bess" also of the 382nd FS. 456 47M - FASTEST OF THE JUGS The P.A7M was 2 ‘special’ highspeed version of the Thunderbolt - though con- trary to many accounts, it was not specif ically produced to counter the V2 fiying bomb, nor the new Jet- and rocket-pow- fred fighters that entered service with the Luftwaffe towards the end of the war, but was simply @ result of continual attempts to increase performance. Four “Above: ‘Chet Si-O. Wath’ ofthe 405th FG ‘e featured on the 4°72 scale Academy KI ‘decal shoot. (USAP Loft Subject of snoth- [the wettknown personal mount of tho ‘oath Fo» Maj Glonn Eagloston: (USAF) P.47D-27RE airframes were taken off the Farmingdale production line end fitted with the Pratt & Whitney R:2800-57(0) engine equipped with a larger CHS turbo- supercharger, which with water injection offered a higher war emergency power. Underwing air brakes were fitted to aid eceleration in dives, and the converted aircraft were redesignated YP-A7M. The new engine installation wes ‘ordered. into production in. September 41944 for the last 130 P.470-30RES to tte delivered by Farmingdale, these ait craft being redesignated P-47M-1-RE. The first was delivered in December 1944, and all the production Ms were assigned to the 5éth FG in early 1945, but engine problems delayed thelr combat use until the closing weeks of the war in Europe. Underwing racks were not fitted at frst, as the P-A7M was meant to be operated purely 25 @ fighter, not in the fighter: bomber role for which the Jug was mainly ‘employed by that time, but - again con trary to many accounis - the need to increase range meant these racks were retrofited for carioge of crop tanks. ‘THE PACIFIC AND THE LONG-RANGE N The first P-47Ds to arrive in the Pacific theatre were the ‘razorbacks’ which entered service with the Fifth Air Force's 348th Fighter Group in June 1943, oper ating from Australia on long-range mis- sions against Japanese targets in New Guinea. The 348tn was joined by the 35th and 58th FGs, and all three event ally received ‘bubbleton’ Ds as they Decame available. By mid1945, nowev: er, the 58th was the only Fifth Alr Force unit stil equipped with Thunderbolts, the ‘other two having converted to Mustangs. ‘Thunderbolts alsp equipped a handful Cf units of the Tenth and Fourteenth Air Forces in the Pacific region, though the aircraft used nearly all came from the ear ler ‘razorback’ blocks - the lack of rear. ward visibility not being as much of a ‘drawback in the face of less alr oppost tion. An exception was the Tenth’s 1st Air Commande Group, operating in the China-Burmaindia (CBI) theatre, which received ‘bubbletop" Os in 1945. ‘One version of the Thunderbott, how. ever, which did see fairy widespread use was the P-47N. The last version to be ‘manufactured in quantity, it was a spe cialised longrange variant built specif. cally for service in the Pacific theave, where the ranges required of fighters were greater than those for operations over Germany. In pursuit of better long range performance, in mid-1944 the third YP-47M prototype - 42:27387 - was redesignated XP-47N after being fitted with a slightly larger span and area wing which, for the first time in the ‘Above right: This P-47D shows the 350th Fe lightning flash tal marking. (USAR) Thunderbolts career, contained fue! tanks. When maximum extemal tankage was carried, the 93.US gallon tank fitted in each wing, brought the total fuel load Up to 1,266 US gallons, allowing a range (of 2,350 miles to be achieved. The larg er fuel load resulted in an increase in gr0ss weight, which meant the undercar- riage had to be stiengthened, a move that increased weight stil furthert The new wing also incorporated larger ailerons and squaredoff wingtips which improved rollrate and manouverabilty, and the dorsal fin filet was made deeper than on the P47. USAAF confidence in the basic Thunderbolt design was enough for 41,00 production aircraft to be ordered a month before the prototype's frst fightin July 1944. The first P-47N-1-RE appeared in September of 1944, to be followed by the “SRE which, along with subsequent batches, had zerolength rocket launch. rs added, whilst the R-2800-77 engine was installed in late production models such as the -25RE. Four units serving with the Seventh Air Force - the 318th, 413th, 414th, and 507th Fighter Groups flew the N model operationally, though of these only the former was actually assigned to the Seventh, the other three being attached Twentieth Air Force units fiying under the Seventh’s contol. fifth Seventh Air Force unit, the 508th FG, was also equipped with P-47Ns, but stationed in Hawai for air defence duties it saw no combat with the type. The P-A7N gave ‘excellent service, particularly in escorting 8.20 Superfortress bombers all the way from Saipan to Japan and on many other long, overwater fights during attacks on the Japanese mainland. 4578201 Encuadron, which came unt the Soth's control (USAF) END OF THE LINE 1,667 PA7Ns were rolled out by the Farmingdale plant, and 149 more were built by the Evansville factory. VI Day, ‘and subsequent cancellation of 5,934 Thunderbolts on order brought production of the type abruptly to an end, and the Thunderbolt production line finally closed down in December 1945, ‘A number of other groups were equipped with the Thunderbolt. during World Wer 2 but saw little or no action, either through serving Stateside as train- ing units or being formed too late to enter combat. After the war P-47Ds and Ns remained in service with the USAAF and then USAF for several years, flying with SAC, TAC, and ADC squadrons, before eventually reaching Air National Guard squadrons. After being redesignated in 1948 as the F47D and FA7N, the ‘Thunderbolt was finally phased out of US sence in 1955. LEND-LEASE TBOLTS: total of 2,547 ‘bubbletop’ P-47Ds were produced at Farmingdale and a further 4,632 at Evansville. From the P-47025/- SORE and P.47D30/-40-RA blocks, the Royal Air Force was supplied with a total (of 587 aircraft, known as Thunderbolt Is. Most served in the Far East, Nos.5, 30, 34, 42, 60, 79, 81, 113, 123, 131, 134, 146, 258, 261 and 615 Squadrons being equipped with the type there between July 1944 and August 1945. Primarily, the “Tbolts' flew in the fighter. bomber role, replacing the ageing Hurricane, with secondary bomber escort duties, but they saw little aictoair use. After VJ Day, most of the Thunderbolts, ‘quickly disappeared, the squadrons hav ing elther disbanded or reequipped with British-bulltalrcraft-by the end of 1945, although Nos.5, 30 and 81 Squadrons flew theirs unt mid1946, and No.60 kept its examples until December. ‘A total of 446 P-47Ds was supplied to the Free French forces during the war, the vvast majority of which were “bubble-tops' from D.25RE and subsequent batches. Two Escadres de Chasse were eventually established with the type, 4éme and 3éme Escadre in mid- and late-1944 respectively. Flying initially from Corsica, the French Thunderbolts eventually moved to southern France as part of the 4st Tactical Air Force, fying in support of US and French ground forces. Postwar, @ number of Groupes de Chasse operated the P-47 until it was replaced in frontline home service by the de Havilland Vampire uring 1951. Many of the Thunderbolts, were then transferred to Algeria, and Were used by 202me Escadre against nationalist forces during the Algerian civil war, before finally being phased out of ssenice in 1960, OF the 196 Thunderbolts the Soviet Union received under LendLease in 1944-45, about half were P-470-27-RES, but they saw litle actual wartime use, being assigned to the 11th ZBAP (Reserve Bomber Air Regiment) for train ing purposes only. Postwar, in May and June 1945 a handful were alloted to the {Air Defence of the Southwestern Front (PVO ZF) and stationed in the Ukraine along with a larger number of ‘razor backs", but their service was short-lived In Soviet Naval Aviation (WS VMF) use. though, the type fared better. After being tested by an experienced combet unit, the 255th IAP (Fighter Air Regiment), in November 1944, Thunderbolts - most of them ‘bubble‘top’ -27-REs - then went on Left: Another Thunderbolt depicted on a kit docel shoot a this yellow-talod P-A7N, ‘of the 463ed FS, 507th FG, which war the fubioc of the 1:72 Halley afterina (USAR) Below: Another 458 to serve with the same unit as part of the Northern Fleet for several years, before finally being scrapped. LITTLE KNOWN ALLIES Although previously covered in the Vol.14 No.6 Aircraft in Detall ‘Latin American Thunderbolts’ the wartime service of the ‘bubbletop’ 47s of two other Allied nations deserves brief repetition here. Not widely known is the fact that the Brazilian Air Force participated in combat ‘on the Allied side in World War 2. With an establishment of 25 P-47Ds, a squadron 1 Grupo de Caca- was attached to the US Twelfth Air Force's 350th FG on the Italian front and entered combat on 11. November 1944, mainly fling fighter bomber missions. By the end of the war, the Brazilian Air Force had received 88 Thunderbolts, some of which equipped a home-based Unit- details of postwar use ‘can be found in the earlier issue. Even less widely known is that the Mexican Air Force also served with Allied forces during World War 2. Equipped with 25 ‘secondhand’ P.470s of mixed vari ants drawn from USAAF stocks intheatre, 201 Escuadron Aereo de Pelea operated {5 part of the US Fifth Air Force's 58th FG ‘based in the Philippines from May 1945, ‘op right: Another RAF Thunderbolt, this time's natural metal finished aircraft of INo‘2 squadron in company witha camo Serving with the 300th FG in Raly- to fe ‘natural metal finished machine. and flew a number of ground:attack mis- sions against Japanese forces in the ‘Southwest Pacific region. At the end of hostilities, by which time the intial mix of aircraft had been replaced by new D-30- RAs, the unit's Thunderbolts were all retumed to USAAF charge, and the 201st retuned to Mexico to receive brand-new P-47s there - again, postwar use Is detailed in the afore-mentioned issue, ‘along, with that for various other South ‘and Central American air arms, 459Aircraft in Detail P-47 ‘Bubbletop’ Thunderbolts Artwork by Skywriters462 P.47D Thunderbolt 44-20156:03.V 257th Fighter Squadron, 268th Fighter Group, ‘th Ai Fore, May 1945, Note stylised serial number. 1-470 Thunderbolt 4-33710-90-U “Always Marge! Soe as A. TEoo G - “90 = < < tr = f SSS (P-470 Thunderbott 4226473:83. ‘Dorothy K° {roi Fightor Squadron, 3734 Fighter Group, ty Air Fore, Eery 1948, P-47D Thunderbolt 42:229140:7-Y opin Fighter Squadron, 404th Fighter Group, Bh Air Foren, Mareh 195, 1-470 Thunderbolt £2.20147-G9.K “The Tuto No.10" Eonin Fighter Squadron, 405t Fighter Group, ‘ty Air Foro, Early 1945, P-47D Thunderbolt &¢-39033:4-« Ertin Fighter Squadron 4060 Fighter Group, Sth Bi Fores, May 1948 Rear fuselage stripes indicat fight leader. 1-470 Thunderbolt € (srl not eared Exe righ Squadron, ego Gro, 12th Ale Force ate 194, 7 1-470 Thunderbote «2:27090:35 ‘5250h Fighter Squadron, 85h Fighter Group, {ain Air Forco/st TAF, Carly 1985. P-47D Thundorbott 42:27277:60 Miss An ‘Simin Fighter Squacton, 224th Pipher Grou, {ath AirForce/it TAP, Early 1948 470 Thunderbolt 42:26785105 ‘Oh Johnnie’ Sabin Fighter Squadron, 350% Fighter Group, atm irForee, Early 1945.P.47D Thunderbolt 42.26485:51 {0th Fightar Squadron, 25th Fighter Group, Sin Air Force, Mid T94 '-470 Thundorbott 42.29088:40 ‘10th Fighter Squadron 58h Fighter Group, Sun Air Force, August 18, faardrghtar Saad. 00 Fomor Grup, 47M Thunderbolt 107 (seria not worn) ‘ye Shell Pusher ‘6drd Fighter Squadron, 507th Fighter Group, Tey ale Fore, Mid 198. 464 10th Air Foren, Mid 1948: P-47D Thunderbolt I K202,AW-P P-47D Thunderbolt 4419691391 Gcilia'Ardonnes’ st Franch Air Corps, et TAF February 195, 1-470 Thunderbott 29 1" Gruppo de Cara 12th Air Free, Early 1948, P-470 Thunderbolt 44:29721:18 201 Eecudon, Bath Fighter Group, Sth Ale Force, Eoay 1945 Mexican Insigoia cari on low portend upper starboard wingsCAVREADERS’ WRITE Belgian Stripes Dear Nel, T ound the article by Frank Campey on the Belgian F84F in the August issue of SAM most interesting, 25 | recall Seeing this alrerat at 9 Wethersfield air display in 1964. Even after 35 years I can remember that Belgian Majors very tow flying. was. so impressed that | too bought the Modeldecal sheet 38 and made model of it. It does not hap- pen very often but the Modeldecal instruction sheet had a srl {ror on it, and Frank Campey has, I'm afraid copied It. If you will look at my accompanying photographs, you will see that the Dayglo/White stripes on the wingtips are not at 90° to the line of fight as depicted but swept back at the same angle as the wing. Ais al te iter stinng was of equal spacing, plus ‘along the tailing edge of the wit ‘appeared along ig edge Fiess tanee ‘Sawston Cambridge Your chance to write to SAM with topics of interest to Scale Aircraft Modelers. £ ‘Aerials and flaps Dear Nel, ‘AS a fesult ofthe otherwise beautiful artwork forthe Whitwind feature in the September issue of SAM, I feel | must apoly fingers to word processor. This comes about as a result of al those act Tat wires Shown danging fom rast to fn in each case, and which T'see on many models at various model shows. From the winter of 194044, RAF Fighter Command was equipped with VHF radios. This meant thatthe wires applicable to the previouslyused HF radios were eliminated - only 2 30 inch ‘whip" aerial was needed for VHF, and in most cases (Spitfire, Hurricane, Whitwind, Mesguito NED, this was contained within the ongnal radio mast. The only wires (rom rear fuselage to tailplane) camied by these aitreft were for the eariy FF Mk I {equipment which was superseded in the spring of 1943 by IFF Mk. Il, which only needed a vertcal blade aerial. (So, atists and mod. lies, take note - no aerial wires. on RAF fighters ffom 1941 forwards! And note thatthe IFF wires were very, very thin, 50 as to be almost invisible). inthe case of the fighterbomber and bomber Mosquitos, the situation is ate more complex. Mosquito FB.Vis built at Hatfield had their VHF aerials hidden in the wooden fuselage and carried no mast, those ult by Standard Motors always caried a mast - ‘Some used by Coastal Command caried aerial wires. and al Far East aircraft did. Bomber Mosquitos caried aerial wires unt mice 1943, when they were deleted. However, some B.IXs and B.XVIs ‘heeded wire aerials for Loran navigational equipment from late- ‘1944, and these were strung between the fear ofthe canopy and the fin. Bigger bombers lke the Wellington and Lancaster always, cared HF/MF rado so they aways nad a mast and aerial wires. Incidentally, another modelling aspect that bugs me from time to time is the assumption that RAF aireraft were often parked with thei laps dangling down. This is incorect. Itwas a feature ofall pilots’ afterlanding checks that they raised the flaps as they left the runway. Ithey failed todo so, they could be fined five shilings by thelr Fight Commander! The oniy tie one saw flaps down on perked aire was n hangars when undergoing maintenance, or ‘on Mustangs where the laps ‘bled’ down after engine shutdown, ‘Ted Hooton ‘Aylesbury Buckinghamshire Correcting a correction!! Dear Nei, Thank you for publishing my letter, (SAM YoI24/7 September) but t must be the hot weather, the gemins are multoying You ‘quote me as Sayin the code for 25 San is XK and look at my Copy I'see ft should read 2K, | dont know if you con find the pave fora corection, but i not, modellers wil ake note for the ‘ture and when put straight wil bare me Ron Durand Littlehampton West Sussex [Ed Note: Oooopst Sory Ron, my fault - ‘must have slipped on the keyboard] Starkey Markings Dear Nei, ‘Your request for information on_the “Operation Starkey’ markings in the September issue of SAM brought my thoughts back to a subject thot have studied earlier. “Operation Starkey” is not very well known, and the special markings apolied ave often mistaken as a variation of the AEAF markings. However, the Starkey markings consisted of two white and three black bands on Both sides of the wings, the outermost band being, \wider than the rest and covered the entire wingtip. No fuselage bands were applied, but some airraft had the nose painted white The October 1996 issue of SAM featured a good photo (on page 376), of @ couple of No 88 San Bostons with the ‘Operation Starkey’ markings applied. ‘The caption incorrectly states that these are AEAF markings though, Another photo, from my own collection, is this one of No 332 (Norwegian) Squadron Spitire Mk iXc lineup. Notice that ihe stripes cover the underside roundels, the upperside roundels are probably overpainted as well. The Spitfires did not have white noses, Nils Mathisrud ‘Sandvik ‘Norway More on Hurricane statistics! Dear Neil Following Peter Cooke's article and illuminating drawings in the October issue of SAM, it appears that we now have Confirmation of the 4 inches, but there Is no explanation of What lies beneath the panels. If we use the other latest ref erence, the ‘Modellers Datafiie‘2'- The Hawker Hurricane’ by Richard Franks, the bonding diagram on page 98 shows the glycol header tank at the rear of the engine (very nearly over the radiator, with consequently shorter pipe runs), with the fuel tank behind it and separated by the "firewall. Both are covered by the reat top panel as can be seen on page 96, photo 4, where the rear upper panel Is placed over the front uring replenishment. Let us refer to them as the engine bay and the fuel tank bay, forward and aft of the bulk head firewall’ These panels, plus their associated side panels, meet ledge to edge on a hoop which is set forward of the rear of the tengine bay - and could easily be mistaken for an “extra bay’ Can we all now agree that @ Mk It kit if accurate) cannot be modelled as @ Mk I if the offending 4 inches Is not removed, "suggest from the rear of the upper rear panel and the front Of the rear side panels. Count the forward panel ring as 7.5 inches, the engine bay panels are then 43 inches for all Marks, and the tank bay panels are as stated 41 inches and 45 inches for Mks | and Il respectively - 0.5mm in 1/44 scale, or 6mm in 1/24. ‘On page 27 of the Modellers Datafile, the fallacy of the ‘extra bay’ In the Mk ll Series 2 adding 7 inches is relterated Possibly misinterpreted by manufacturers as the reason for, late Mk I’ and early Mk Il being assumed as having the same length? Turn to pages 140-143 and you will find that ail Mk Is, both early and late are 31 feet 4 inches long and all Mk lis, both Series 1 and Series 2, are 32 feet 2.25 inches long ifthe Series 2 had the extra bay, then it would be 32 feet 9.25 Inches long surely? Imm or 12mm, 1/44 or 1/24 scale! But accept the total difference between Mks | and Il as 10.25 inches less 4 Inches above leaves 6.25 inches extra for variable pitch propeller so Mk Is s0 fitted should be 31 feet 10.26 inches long: QED? Can we now - please Mr Manufacturer - have a Mk I kit with’a Watts two-blade wooden propeller and fabric covered wings, with alternative propellers and metal covered wings to follow?” Preferably within the next four years when my "three ‘score and ten’ run out! We could then all discuss making the prototype and/or making a Henley? Ain't modellin’ fun? AL least in theory. Jack Long Burley in Wharfdale ‘West Yorkshire [Ed Note: We understand that MDC will be producing a 1:48 Scale fabricwing Hurricane conversion set, together with & Watts twoblade wooden propeller, to be on'sale at the IPMS. (UK) Nationals} Bubbletop or turtleback? Dear Nell, | have a query about the two Mk XIV Spitfire drawings on page 239 of the July issue of SAM (21/5). Has David Howley got photographic proof that these two ‘aeroplanes are ‘turtle deck’ alrames? I's just that in my nest of reference photos, RN113 'F of No 2 Sqn RAF is a ‘bubble top’. The only reason Iam querying the drawings is that RN113, RN414 and RN19 are all so close in sequence. | must point out that the above Is not a criticism, but a ‘comment only MG Hampton Hokitika South Island New Zealand [Ed Note: Mr Hampton letter sent me sounying to my Spite refer ences, and m rooved to confirm that RNI14 and RNAS wore both "turtle deck’ Spite XIVs the accompanying photographs shou. ‘As for RN113:- This Spitfire was part of an order for 406 Mk XIVs, dated 23 October 1943, in a block N13 to 160. It served with No 2 Sqn from November 1944 until 18 January 11945 but 2s yet | can find no photograph of it] Getting Closer? Dear Neil, In response to Peter Oliver of Southampton whose letter in the July issue requested a photograph of Lancaster LM220 WS. ‘Old Father Younger’ - the figure portrayed as ‘Getting Younger Every Day’ was used in advertisements by the brewers. Wm. Younger & Sons of Aloa, now part of Scottish Brewers Ltd of Edinburgh. Their Customer Service Department (0645 607 (080) might have knowledge of WS-Y, which seems to have sur ved more then twenty operations, including the Tallboy raid on Tipite whieh included the more illustrious 9 Sqn Lancaster WS- J Johnnie Walker’ with over 100 operations. and "Stil Going ‘Strong’ as the BBMF Lancaster. Derek Kenny ‘stiting Scotland Guinness Book Record Attempt Dear Nei, ‘only build aircraft from World War One. At the time of wit. Ing have 600, each one carefully researched to make sure that, they have the correct paint scheme and markings. “The reason | am writing to you is that | am attempting the World Record for the largest model aircraft collection. - The 467record stands at 1,105 and what | would lke to know is can you help in any way with the attempt? | have written over 450 let ters t0 lots of different firms, and model shops, and my local ‘model shop has told me that if| get any donations of any type Of hit, (as long as itis sealed and not been opened), then they will exchange it for a WWI aircraft. So, if you and SAM'S read- fers ean help me in any way, | would be very grateful Darrel Kilsby 19 Tandré Beanhill ‘Milton Keynes Buckinghamshire MK ALL [Ed Note: Mr. Kilsby enclosed @ letter from the Guinness Book ‘of Records confirming that the world record for @ model airraft collection stands at 1,105 by Bader Yousef of Bahrain) Sea Hurricane - fact and fiction Dear Neil, T recently purchased Modelers. Datafile 2, ‘The Hewker Hurricane’, By Richard Franks, albeit only partly on the basis ‘of your generally favourable review. Whilst I admit | am no ‘expert on Hurricanes, | can claim some considerable expertise fon the Royal Navy's version as a result of concentrated frchival research over the past four years or so. On that score I'm affald Mr Franks has seriously missed the mark - some of his treatment of the Sea Hurricane is inaccurate and danger ously misleading, especially to model builders (the target aud ence?) ‘The first problem is the Sea Hurricane le. As far as | can tell from the documents only FOUR airframes can even vague- ly be associated with this Mark, and only ONE was incontro- vertibly @ Sea Hurricane le, i.e. V6741. All the others are dubi- ‘us, especially 24642 (Supposedly operated by 880 Sqn ‘aboard HMS indomitable during ‘Operation Pedestal ‘Owen Dinsdale, of the Shuttleworth Trust, interviewed sev feral NCOs from the Squadron, including the Squadron armour- te (who should have been able to distinguish 2 cannon from @ ‘machine gun), and they all denied emphatically that such 2 beast existed at that time. Mr Franks lists no less than seven, FAA firstline Squadrons operating Sea Hurricane les, yet an ‘exhaustive search of Squadron logs, accident reports, and air. craft record cards has falled to turn up any mention of this {ype, which is incomprehensible if the type were in such wide- spread use, but perfectly reasonable if the Mark did not exist. The preponderance of the evidence Is that the Mk Ic existed only as_2 single airframe an experiment, and this assertion has been relatively widely citculated for several years. ‘My second area of concen more directly affects. mod. cllers. The Sea Hurricane Ib (and le, iFit existed) always used the Di4 Hamilton Hycromatic propeller because the additional ‘Weight of this Unit was needed to counterbalance the weight Of the arrester gear. (This equipment Is specifically mandated In the conversion contracts). I is seriously misleading to tell modellers (more than once) that they have the option of fitting the Rotol propeller, especially as that is the only propeller available in the recently issued Hasegawa 1:48 scale Hurricane Mk | kit. Stil on issues concerning madels, the captions for two of the Sea Hurricane colour profiles are in error. The yellow wing leading edges applied during “Operation Pedestal’ extended only from outboard of the gun ports to one foot from the wing tip (quoting from the Admiralty signal) and not along the entire wing leading edge. Furthermore. the Sea Hurricane in “Operation Torch” markings was STILL serving in the Royal Navy- the US markings were applied to all FAA aircraft for this ‘operation because Allied Commanders believed (mistaken) that the French would put up less resistance to American invaders and (correctly) that they stil resented British attacks ‘on the French Fleet in 1940. This again is not new informa: tion it has been well known since just after World War I. Finally, a brief note. "There was no such animal as a Sea Hurrieane , XI, or XIlin the Royal Navy. There were indeed many Canadien built Hurricanes converted to Sea Hurricane Standards but the Admiralty designated all of them Sea Hurricane la, Ib, 1b or lle. Some of the conversions (and oth- ‘ers bull as such in Canada) were retained by the RCAF and may have used these Canadian Mark designations, but not fone Admiralty document follows sult. ‘realise this is rather a long letter, and apologise for that. Given my special interest in FAA aircraft | must admit that | personally found this a rather disappointing study of the Hurricane and | wonder how reliable its other data may be!?! 468 I'm also disappointed to read yet another book that demon- strates that so. meny publishers and authors stil think researching a subject only requires exhaustive reading of pre- viously published secondary material and selecting the most plausible account rather than referring to primary documenta tion. Paul E. Fontenoy Curator of Maritime Research ‘North Carolina Maritime Museum USA Whirlwinds in winter Dear Neil, | enjoyed the feature on the Whirlwind in the September Issue (Vol 24/7)._It took me back to the winter of 1940/41, when No 263 Squadron was based at Exeter. They signalled their arrival by “beatingup’ the city at lowievel......a Memo riable 10 minutes! Enclosed are two photographs of Squadron aircraft - one in snow, the other during the thaw - taken in January 1941. Of interest are the black port underwings with yellow outlined roundels, and the tonal differences between the propeller spinners and the rest of the undersurfaces, both nominally painted Sky. It'was a bitter winter and | remember being off school with measies and building @ 1:24 scale balsa/tissue model of a Hawker Hart which | painted as a Trainer. ‘The trees seen behind the aircraft are sti there, and the dispersal area Is now Exeter Aiport Fire Section Training Area, Note the ‘elderly’ Albion bowser - straight out of the mid 1930s! Michael Payne Nunton Wiltshire Vanguard internals Dear Neil, T always like to offer a helping hand when a cry for help ‘comes from out of the wildemess: Le the P-66 Vanguard article, in SAM Vol.21/7 September 1999 by Dave Neale, where he ‘bemoans the [ack of available cockpit information. There are in fact at least two good articles covering the aircraft with a bit of information. For your reference: ‘Fine Scale Modeler’ January/February 1984 issue, page 32, ‘Building a paper tiger’ by Doug Emmons, ‘drawings by Dick Gleason, and, AAHS Joumal, Vol 29 No 2, ‘Summer 1984, page 102, ‘The Vitiated Vanguard’, drawings by Dick Gleason show cockpit details in addition to structural diy ‘grams. ‘Details such as these don't tend to be very prominent, but 2 ‘rue modeller will draw great satisfaction beacause he/she knows its there. Such is the nature of the beast. Happy modeling iI Ford atlanta Georgia USA SDA Ce omy West Midlands B90 3LP. 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