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Rolling element bearing failure detection techniques |

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Aug 21, 2023 3:34 PM

https://power-mi.com/content/rolling-element-bearing-failure-detection-
techniques
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Rolling element bearings

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Rolling element bearing

failure detection techniques
By Alfonso Fernandez

Introduction to maintenance

Vibration analysis fundamentals

Vibration sensors and measurement devices

Vibration standards

Imbalance and phase measurement

Low frequency fault diagnosis

Plain bearings

Gears

Rolling element bearings

Rolling element bearing failure detection techniques

Rolling element bearing components and failing frequencies

 Prediction of the bearing damage severity level

Typical bearing defects and spectral identification

Deterioration stages

Demodulation or envelope analysis

AC induction motors

Resonance

The techniques for determining bearing damage are based on the detection of strong
impacts or pulses happening during the shaft rotation. We will distinguish two major
groups as follows.

Techniques based on the analysis of

simplified parameters
Overall RMS or peak velocity vibration value: usually ISO 10816 is applied.

Crest factor: is the ratio between the peak value and the RMS value.

Kurtosis: is a statistically calculated parameter from the time waveform that

informs of the amount of peaks present in the waveform.

Skewness: is also a statistical parameter calculated from the time waveform,

that gives information on how the signal is symmetrical with respect to its mean
value.

Variable high frequency band: typically defined between 1 kHz and 20 kHz.

HFD: high frequency band between 5 and 30 kHz in acceleration.

Spike-energy: high frequency band between 5 and 60 kHz.

SPM or Shock pulses: measures high frequency vibration between 30 and 40

kHz.

Acoustic crack detection / IFD: band between 80 and 120 kHz.

Acoustic emission: band with a range higher than 200 kHz.

The main limitation of these techniques is their inability to discern between bearing
problems and other machine problems that also generate high frequency vibration
such as: gear issues, cavitation, electrical frequencies, etc. Other limitation, no less
important, is the limited frequency response ranges of the sensors they use and the
mounting method used to attach them to the machine.

Techniques based on spectral and

time waveform analysis
Spectral and time waveform analysis is decisive in diagnosing the damage of a
rolling element bearing, allowing us, by comparison of the evolution of the spectral
amplitudes, to predict the future degree of deterioration and plan its replacement well
in advance. In this chapter we will go deeper into the use of these techniques.

IN THIS PAGE:

Failure detection techniques

Analysis of simplified parameters
Spectral and time waveform analysis

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