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    Arni Yusnita
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    The document proves Lagrange's theorem that the order of any subgroup H of a group G divides the order of the group G. It first shows that the left cosets of H partition G by assuming two cosets have a common element, which leads to a contradiction. It then argues that since the cosets partition G and all have the same size as H, the index of H in G, represented as |G:H|, multiplied by the size of H must equal the size of G. This implies the size of H divides the size of G, proving Lagrange's theorem.

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    The document proves Lagrange's theorem that the order of any subgroup H of a group G divides the order of the group G. It first shows that the left cosets of H partition G by assuming two cosets have a common element, which leads to a contradiction. It then argues that since the cosets partition G and all have the same size as H, the index of H in G, represented as |G:H|, multiplied by the size of H must equal the size of G. This implies the size of H divides the size of G, proving Lagrange's theorem.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 views3 pages

    Nemen

    Uploaded by

    Arni Yusnita
    The document proves Lagrange's theorem that the order of any subgroup H of a group G divides the order of the group G. It first shows that the left cosets of H partition G by assuming two cosets have a common element, which leads to a contradiction. It then argues that since the cosets partition G and all have the same size as H, the index of H in G, represented as |G:H|, multiplied by the size of H must equal the size of G. This implies the size of H divides the size of G, proving Lagrange's theorem.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    g_1=h_j∙〖h_i〗^(-1)

    Because h_j∙〖h_i〗^(-1)∈H, so g_1∈H


    This contradiction g_1∉H
    Assumption is wrong, then claim is true.
    *Construction 2 :
    Pick g_2∈G not in H or g_1 H
    g_2 H={g_2∙h for all h∈H}
    H and g_2 H do not overlap
    g_1 H and g_2 H do not overlap
    Claim: g_1 H and g_2 H have no element in common
    Assume there is an element in g_1 H and g_2 H
    This means g_1∙h_i=g_2∙h_j for some h_i and h_j in H
    g_1∙h_i=g_2∙h_j
    (g_1∙h_i )∙〖h_j〗^(-1)=(g_2∙h_j )∙〖h_j〗^(-1)
    g_1∙(h_i∙〖h_j〗^(-1) )=g_2∙(h_j∙〖h_j〗^(-1) )
    g_1∙(h_i∙〖h_j〗^(-1) )=g_2∙e
    g_1∙(h_i∙〖h_j〗^(-1) )=g_2
    g_1∙h_k=g_2
    Because g_1∙h_k∈H, so g_2∈g_1 H
    This contradiction g_2∉g_1 H
    Assumption is wrong, then claim is true.

    G is split into non-overlapping left cosets: H,g_1 H,g_2 H,… ,g_n H


    Each coset is the same size
    Pick a coset gH and suppose it has duplicates
    g∙h_1=g∙h_2
    g^(-1)∙(g∙h_1 )=g^(-1)∙(g∙h_2 )
    h_1=h_2
    This contradiction
    Each coset has size |H|=d.
    G partitioned into cosets
    |G|=N,|H|=d
    Let’s call the number of cosets = k
    Index of H in G=|G:H|=k
    So d∙k=n⟹d|n
    This means |H| divides |G|
    Hence langrange’s theorem is proven.
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