Class Criminal Procedure 1

Topic Jurisdiction over a criminal case is DETERMINED by the allegations in the complaint or information

Petitioner DANTE LA. JIMENEZ, in his capacity as Respondent HON. EDWIN SORONGON (in his capacity
President and representative of as Presiding Judge of Branch 214 of the
UNLAD SHIPPING & MANAGEMENT Regional Trial Court of Mandaluyong
CORPORATION City), SOCRATES ANTZOULATOS,
CARMEN ALAMIL, MARCELI GAZA and
MARKOS AVGOUSTIS
Reference G.R. No. 178607 Ponente Justice Arturo Brion

Promulgation December 5, 2012

Date

Doctrine Section 35 (1), Chapter 12, Title III, Book IV of the 1987 Administrative Code. This section
explicitly provides:

SEC. 35. Powers and Functions. — The Office of the Solicitor General shall represent the
Government of the Philippines, its agencies and instrumentalities and its officials and agents in
any litigation, proceeding, investigation or matter requiring the services of lawyers.... It shall
have the following specific powers and functions:
(1) Represent the Government in the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals in all criminal
proceedings; represent the Government and its officers in the Supreme Court and Court of
Appeals, and all other courts or tribunals in all civil actions and special proceedings in which the
Government or any officer thereof in his official capacity is a party.

REVISED RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, Rule 110, Section 5:

Who must prosecute criminal actions. — All criminal actions commenced by a complaint or
information shall be prosecuted under the direction and control of the prosecutor.

Facts  The petitioner is the president of Unlad Shipping & Management Corporation, a local manning
agency, while Socrates Antzoulatos, Carmen Alamil, Marceli Gaza, and Markos Avgoustis
(respondents) are some of the listed incorporators of Tsakos Maritime Services, Inc. (TMSI),
another local manning agency.
 On August 19, 2003, the petitioner filed a complaint-affidavit with the Office of the City
Prosecutor of Mandaluyong City against the respondents for syndicated and large scale illegal
recruitment. The petitioner alleged that the respondents falsely represented their
stockholdings in TMSI's articles of incorporation to secure a license to operate as a recruitment
agency from the Philippine Overseas Employment Agency (POEA).
 On May 4, 2004, the information was filed with the RTC. However, in a December 14, 2004
resolution, the City Prosecutor reconsidered the May 4, 2004 resolution and filed a motion with
the RTC to withdraw the information.
 In an August 1, 2005 resolution, the RTC denied the motion to withdraw information as it found
the existence of probable cause to hold the respondents for trial and ordered the issuance of
warrants of arrest against the respondents.
 On August 26, 2005, respondents Antzoulatos and Gaza filed an omnibus motion for
reconsideration and for deferred enforcement of the warrants of arrest but this was denied.
 On September 26, 2005, respondent Alamil filed a motion for judicial determination of
probable cause with a request to defer enforcement of the warrants of arrest which was
 denied.
 On October 10, 2005, respondent Alamil moved for reconsideration and for the inhibition of
Judge Capco-Umali, for being biased or partial.
 In a January 4, 2006 order, 20 Judge Capco-Umali voluntarily inhibited herself from the case
and did not resolve respondent Alamil's motion for reconsideration and the petitioner's motion
to expunge. The case was later reraffled to Branch 214, presided by Judge Edwin D. Sorongon
 In its March 8, 2006 order, 21 the RTC granted respondent Alamil's motion for reconsideration.
It treated respondent Alamil's motion for judicial determination as a motion to dismiss for lack
of probable cause. It found: (1) no evidence on record to indicate that the respondents gave
any false information to secure a license to operate as a recruitment agency from the POEA;
and (2) that respondent Alamil voluntarily submitted to the RTC's jurisdiction through the filing
of pleadings seeking affirmative relief. Thus, the RTC dismissed the case, and set aside the
earlier issued warrants of arrest.
 Petitioner filed a motion for reconsideration, but was denied by the RTC. Petitioner then filed a
notice of appeal. In its August 7, 2006 joint order, the RTC denied the petitioner's notice of
appeal since the petitioner filed it without the conformity of the Solicitor General, who is
mandated to represent the People of the Philippines in criminal actions appealed to the CA.
 On October 18, 2006, the petitioner elevated his case to the CA via a Rule 65 petition for
certiorari assailing the RTC's March 8, 2006, May 10, 2006, and August 7, 2006 orders. In its
November 23, 2006 resolution, the CA dismissed outright the petitioner's Rule 65 petition for
lack of legal personality to file the petition on behalf of the People of the Philippines. It noted
that only the Office of the Solicitor General (OSG) has the legal personality to represent the
People, under Section 35 (1), Chapter 12, Title III, Book IV of the 1987 Administrative Code. It
also held that the petitioner was not the real party in interest to institute the case, him not
being a victim of the crime charged to the respondents, but a mere competitor in their
recruitment business. The CA denied 30 the motion for reconsideration that followed.

Procedural History

RTC  Refer to the facts above.

 RTC eventually denied petitioner’s motion for reconsideration and notice of appeal against the
granting of motion to dismiss for lack of probable cause by Alamil.
CA  Denied the petition for lack of legal personality of the petitioner on behalf of the People of the
Philippines

Issues Whether or not the petitioner has legal standing/personality to assail the dismissal of the
criminal case.
Ruling(s) 1. The petitioner has no legal standing/personality to assail the dismissal of the criminal case.

2. The appeal was denied. The twin resolutions of the Court of Appeals dated November 23,
2006 and June 28, 2007 in CA-G.R. SP No. 96584 are AFFIRMED.

Rationale Procedural law basically mandates that "[a]ll criminal actions commenced by complaint or
by information shall be prosecuted under the direction and control of a public prosecutor."
In appeals of criminal cases before the CA and before the Supreme Court, the OSG is the
appellate counsel of the People, pursuant to Section 35 (1), Chapter 12, Title III, Book IV of
the 1987 Administrative Code.
The People is the real party in interest in a criminal case and only the OSG can represent
the People in criminal proceedings pending in the CA or in the Supreme Court.

The petitioner has no legal personality to assail the dismissal of the criminal case since the
main issue raised by the petitioner involved the criminal aspect of the case, i.e., the
existence of probable cause. The petitioner did not appeal to protect his alleged pecuniary
interest as an offended party of the crime, but to cause the reinstatement of the criminal
action against the respondents. This involves the right to prosecute which pertains
exclusively to the People, as represented by the OSG.