Unit 2- Food & Digestion

1. Main digestion of food takes place in ________. Small intestine

2. The function of large intestine is to absorb _________ and Water

mineral salts.
3. Enzymes are ______ that speed up chemical reactions. Substances

4. Distinguish between chemical and physical digestion. Mechanical digestion

involves physically
breaking down food
substances into smaller
particles.
Chemical digestion is
the further breakdown
of food by digestive
enzymes into small
molecules to be
absorbed into the
bloodstream.
5. If you eat a plain biscuit and chew it for a longer time, it Because the saliva
tastes sweet. Explain why. breaks down the starch
in the biscuit to sugar.
6. Fibre is not being digested by human beings yet it is an Fibre helps to keep
essential part of a balanced diet. Justify. food moving easily
through the digestive
system. It is an
essential part of a
balanced diet.
7. Look at the model of intestines below and answer the (a) Visking tubing
questions. represents the wall of
the alimentary canal.
(b) water represents
the blood in the blood
vessels around the
alimentary canal.
(c) starch and glucose
represent the foods
before and after
digestion.
(d) saliva represents
the enzymes in the
What do these substances represent in the model? alimentary canal.
(a) Visking tubing
(b) water
(c) starch and glucose
(d) saliva
8. A balanced diet includes carbohydrates, proteins and fat. (a) Rice, wheat.
(a) Name two natural sources of natural carbohydrates. (b) Protein is used for
(b)Give two uses of proteins in the body. making new cells.
(c) Explain how you would test for the presence of sugar Protein is also used
in a food. for making many
important chemicals
in the body.

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9. This diagram shows the digestive system in the human (a) A = Liver, B = Large
body. intestine, C =
oesophagus, D =
Stomach, E =
pancreas, F = Small
intestine.
(b) Salivary glands
secrete saliva
(contains amylase
enzyme).
(c) The bile (is stored in
the gall bladder).
(d) Hydrochloric acid
kills micro-
organisms in the
food.
(e) The undigested
food collects up and
(a) Name parts A to F. forms faeces.
(b) X is a gland below the mouth. What substance does X
secrete?
(c) Y is connected to the liver. What substance is stored in
Y?
(d) D contains a strong acid. What is the purpose of this
acid?
(e) What process takes place in B?
10. Why are there blood capillaries in the walls of small There are blood
intestines? capillaries in the walls
of small intestine.
Through these
capillaries, nutrients
pass into the
bloodstream.
11. A food contains protein. Describe what happens to this Large molecules of
protein after the food reaches the stomach. protein are digested
into smaller molecules
of amino acid.
12. Name the enzyme that catalyses the digestion of dietary Lipase
fats.
13. What are the products of fat digestion? fatty acids and glycerol.

14. Name the substance produced by the liver that helps in the The substance that
digestion of dietary fats. produced by the liver is
called bile.
15. This table shows the percentage of starch converted into (a) pH6 at 40°C
maltose by a synthetic enzyme, amylase Q, under different (b) the rate of reaction
conditions. of the digestive
enzyme will increase
until reaching an
optimum temperature,
but when the
temperature is higher
than the optimum

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 temperature the rate of
reaction will decrease.

(a) What are the optimum conditions for Amylase Q?

(b) What is the effect of an increase in temperature on
enzyme activity?
16. Suggest why fat is considered as a useful constituent of our Fat is a source of
daily diet? energy. It is need to
make new cell
membranes. Fat
carry fat-soluble
vitamins.
17. Mineral salts are required by our body in very small Vitamins are essential
amount yet they are essential. Explain. because they can
promote the growth and
development of the
body. Minerals are
required in very small
amount because they
only account for about
5% of human body
weight.
18. Which organ is labelled X in the drawing below?
A. Small intestine B.
B. Stomach
C. Liver
D. Mouth

19. In the diagram above what does the organ labelled X do? A.
A. It mixes up food with acid and breaks down proteins.
B. It adds vitamins to the food.
C. It takes the water out of the food.
D. It stores waste food until it can be got rid of.
20. The main chemicals used to digest foods are: D.
A. vitamins B. saliva
C. digestifs D. enzymes

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21. In digestion: B.
A. soluble food substances are made into insoluble ones.
B. insoluble food substances are broken up into soluble
ones.
C. food is stored inside in the body until it is needed.
D. Waste food is removed from the body.
22. The enzymes in humans work best at body temperature. A.
What temperature is this?
A. 37 °C B. 0 °C
C. 100 °C D. 98 °C
23. The pH of the mouth is about pH7. The conditions that A.
enzymes in the mouth work best at are:
A. neural B. acidic
C. alkaline D. basic
24. When digested food is taken into the blood it is said to be: C.
A. egested B. ingested
C. absorbed D. insoluble
25. Digested food is carried around the body in the: B.
A. digestive system B. circulatory system
C. breathing system C. nervous system
26. What is the digested food used for inside our bodies? B.
A. to provide energy only
B. to provide energy and chemicals to make new
substances
C. to help us go to the toilet more easily
D. to provide substances to make sure that the blood does
not become too runny.
27. Iron is needed to make blood. 15 year-old female
Explain why a 15 year-old female might need more iron might need more iron
than a 15 year-old male. than boys to make
more blood to replace
menstrual losses.
28. Table 2 shows the recommended daily amount of calcium (A) 1200 mg
for a person in four stages of the human life cycle. We (B) Breastfeeding
need calcium for healthy teeth and bones. affects a mother’s
bones. Studies have
shown that women
often lose 3 to 5
percent of their bone
mass during
breastfeeding.

(A) Use information in table 2 to estimate how much

calcium a breast-feeding woman should have each day.
(B) Explain why she would need this amount of calcium.

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Unit 3: Circulatory System
1. (a) A, B, C
(b) C
(c) D, E
(d) D, E, F

Use the above diagram and write the correct part’s

letter(s).
(a) Write down three letters that show arteries.
(b) Write down one letter that shows capillaries.
(c) Write down two letters that show veins.
(d) Write down three letters that show vessels
containing deoxygenated blood.
2. Name the three types of blood vessels. A. Capillary
B. Artery
C. Vein

(A) (B) (C)

3.

Answers: (a) plasma, (b) red, (c) dissolved, (d) Oxygen, (e) germs, (f) platelets, (g)
cut, (h) scabs

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4.

Answers: 1) vessels, 2) veins, 3) pump, 4) heart, 5) walls, 6) cells, 7) waste

5. a) What is the name of the tiny blood vessels that a) capillary
connect the veins and arteries and allow oxygen b) in capillaries
and nutrients to pass through? c) heart
b) Where does the blood pick up oxygen?
c) The main organ of the circulatory system and
hardest working in the body is ________.
6. A. artery to lungs
B. valve
C. vein from lungs
D. left upper chamber
E. left lower chamber
F. right lower chamber
G. valve
H. right upper chamber
I. vein from body
J. artery to body

7. Cardiac cycle events can be

divided into diastole
(relaxing) and systole
(contracting).
The stage of the cardiac
cycle that is shown by the
arrows in the diagram is
diastole (relaxing).

8. Complete the sentences

(a) The function of the heart is to pump _______
around the body. (a) blood
(b) The right side of the heart pumps blood to the (b) lungs
______. (c) body
(d) pressure
(c) The left side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of
the _____.
(d) Blood in the arteries is under higher _____ than
blood in veins.

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9. Name the part of the heart that pumps blood to the Right lower chamber
lungs.
10. Name the part of the heart that pumps blood to the Left lower chamber
body.
11. Name the part of the heart that receives blood from Right upper chamber
the body.
12. Name the part of the heart that receives blood from Left upper chamber
the lungs
13. Explain why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than Right ventricle pump the
the right ventricle. blood to two lungs only.
Left ventricle needs more
force to pump the blood to
all other parts of the body.
14. The liquid part of blood is called _______. Plasma
15. The solid parts of blood are ________, _______ and Red blood cells, white blood
_______. cells and platelets.
16. Write RED BLOOD CELL or WHITE BLOOD a. white blood cells
CELL in response to each statement below. b. red blood cells
a. _____ fight any infection that might enter the body. c. red blood cells
b. _____ contain a pigment called hemoglobin. d. white blood cells
c. ______ transport oxygen around the body. e. white blood cells
f. red blood cells
d. ______ may be phagocytes or lymphocytes.
g. white blood cells
e. _____ some engulf germs and destroys them.
f. _____ looks like a donut from above and the
number 8 from the side.
g. _____ some release antibodies to fight germs.
17. Use the words in the box to fill in the gaps: 1. pressure
2. oxygenated
3. Veins, low
4. thinner, deoxygenated
5. valves, backflow
6. capillaries
7. oxygen, carbon dioxide

1. Arteries carry blood at high _____ away from the

______.
2. The blood in most arteries is ______ blood.
3. ______ drain the blood back from the tissue to the
heart at ______ pressure.
4. Veins have _____ walls than arteries, and carry
______ blood back to the heart.
5. Veins have _____ to prevent the _____ of blood.
6. _____ are the smallest blood vessels.
7. Capillaries are where gases are exchanged,
including _____ and _____.

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