Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–1...
Get Ready

Classify Polynomials 6. Expand using the distributive property.

1. Classify each polynomial by the number of a) 6m(2m − 4)
terms. b) −8xy(2x − y)
a) −2y c) 6a2(−3a + 4ab)
b) x2 + 3x + 2 d) −2a(b2 − 6ab + 7)
c) 6x2y + 2xy + 4
d) x2 + y2 7. A rectangular prism has the dimensions
e) 3x2 + 2x + y − 4 shown.

2. State the degree of each polynomial.

a) x2 + 3x − 1
b) x + 2y + 4z
c) 6 + 2y3 + xy
d) 7a3b2 + 6a2b2 − 7ab

Add and Subtract Polynomials

a) Find a simplified expression for the volume.
3. Simplify. b) Find a simplified expression for the surface
a) (3x + 7) + (3x − 6) area.
b) (2a − b) + (6a − 4b)
c) (3x2 + 2x − 4) − (2x2 − 5x + 1) Factors
d) (9y3 − 7y2 + 4) − (3y3 + 2y2 − 1) 8. Write all of the factors of each number.
a) 6
4. Simplify. b) 34
a) (6x2 + 2xy − 3y2) + (8x2 − 4xy − 2y2) c) 17
b) (8ab2 + 8a − b2) − (9ab2 − 7a + b2) d) 44
c) (6x − 8) − (4x + 7) + (6x − 2)
d) (6a2 + b) − (2b − 3a2) − (11b2 + 9a2 + 2) 9. Write each number as the product of prime
factors.
The Product of a Monomial and a Polynomial a) 12
5. Expand using the distributive property. b) 9
a) 2x(x + y) c) 40
b) −8(6a2 − 4a) d) 55
c) −6(a + 7)
d) 2(3x2 + 2x + 4)

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–1 Get Ready
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–3...
Section 5.1 Practice Master

1. What binomial product does each model 5. Expand and simplify.

represent? a) 2(x − 7)(2x + 1)
a) b) (x + 3)(x + 6) − 2(x + 1)
c) −(x − 4)(x − 1) + 5(3x − 1)(2x + 1)
d) (m − 2)2 − (3m + 2)2
e) −(m + 7)(m − 1) + 4(2m + 1)(3m − 4)
f) −6(2x + 1)(6x + 1) + 3(4x − 3)2
6. Write and simplify an expression to represent
the area of each shaded region.
b) a)

b)
2. Model each product using algebra tiles, virtual
tiles, or a diagram.
a) 3x(x + 3)
b) (x + 3)(x + 2)
c) (x + 1)(2x + 1)
3. Use the distributive property to find each
binomial product.
a) (x − 2)(x + 3)
b) (y + 6)(y + 2)
c) (n + 4)(n − 5)
d) (d + 6)(d + 7) 7. A rectangular prism has a width of
e) (x − 8)(x − 6) x centimetres. Its length is 4 cm more than its
f) (a − 6)(a − 3) width and its height is 5 cm more than its
width.
4. Use the distributive property to find each a) Draw a diagram of the prism.
binomial product. b) Write a simplified expression for the
a) (x − 2y)(x + 2y) volume of the prism.
b) (2x + 1)(x − 3) c) Write a simplified expression for the
c) (k − 6)(k + 7) surface area of the prism.
d) (2p − 7q)(2p − 5q)
e) (3 − 2s)(2 − 3s)
f) (−2t − r)(−3t + r)

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–3 Section 5.1 Practice Master
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–4...
Section 5.2 Practice Master

1. Draw a diagram to represent each product. 7. Expand and simplify.

a) (x + 3)2 a) (6g − 7h)(6g + 7h)
b) (x + 2)2 b) (3x + y)(3x − y)
c) (g − 9x)(g + 9x)
2. Expand and simplify. d) (4x − 5y)(4x + 5y)
a) (x + 4)2
b) (y + 7)2 8. A cube has length, width, and height of
c) (a + 8)2 x metres. Each dimension is increased by
d) (q + 5)2 y metres.
a) Write a simplified formula for the volume
3. Expand and simplify. of the new cube.
a) (3y + 6)2 b) Write a simplified formula for the surface
b) (3x + 2y)2 area of the new cube.
c) (2x + y)2
d) (6c + 7d)2 9. A parabola has equation y = (x − 3)2.
a) Identify the coordinates of the vertex.
4. Expand and simplify. b) Expand and simplify the equation.
a) (x − 6)2 c) Verify that the coordinates of the vertex
b) (b − 25)2 satisfy your equation from part b).
c) (r − 11)2
d) (e − 7)2 10. The side length of a square is represented by
x centimetres. The length of a rectangle is
5. Expand and simplify. 3 cm greater than the side length of the
a) (8a − 1)2 square. The width of the rectangle is 3 cm
b) (2u − 3v)2 less than the side length of the square. Which
c) (6p − 7)2 figure has the greater area and by how much?
d) (5q − 8r)2
11. Expand and simplify.
6. Expand and simplify. a) (4x2 + 3y2)2
a) (v − 2)(v + 2) b) (3x2 + 2y2)(3x2 − 2y2)
b) (x + 6)(x − 6) c) (x − 3)2 − (x + 3)(x − 3)
c) (x + y)(x − y) d) 3(2b + 1)(2b − 1) + (b − 3)2
d) (r − s)(r + s) e) (3x2 + 5x − 1)2
f) (2x − 3)3

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–4 Section 5.2 Practice Master
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–6...
Section 5.3 Practice Master

1. Use algebra tiles or a diagram to illustrate 6. Factor.

the factoring of each polynomial. a) 3x(6 − y) + 2(y − 6)
a) x2 + 3x b) 2y(x − 3) + 4z(3 − x)
b) 2x2 + 10x
c) 3x2 + 6x 7. Write an expression in factored form for the
area of each shaded region.
2. Factor fully. a)
a) 3x + 6y
b) 17ac − 34ad
c) 16x2y2 − 24xy
d) 27x3y3 + 18x2y2 + 9xy
e) 6n2p2 + 12np2 + 36n3p3
f) 33c4d3e2 − 11c2de
g) 3g2 + 6g + 9

3. Factor fully.
a) 2x(x + 7) + 3(x + 7) b)
b) a(b − 7) + 2(b − 7)
c) 4s(r + u) − 3(r + u)
d) y(x + s) + z(x + s)

4. Factor by grouping.
a) ax + ay + 3x + 3y
b) 4x2 + 6xy + 12y + 8x
c) y2 + 3y + ay + 3a
d) 25x2 + 5x + 15xy + 3y

5. The formula for the surface area of a

rectangular prism is SA = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh.
a) Write this formula in factored form.
b) If l is 10 cm, w is 5 cm, and h is 8 cm, find
the surface area using both the original
formula and the factored form. What do
you notice? Explain why this is so.

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–6 Section 5.3 Practice Master
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–7...
Section 5.4 Practice Master

1. Illustrate the factoring of each trinomial using 5. Determine two values of b so that each
algebra tiles or a diagram. expression can be factored.
a) x2 + 5x + 6 a) x2 + bx + 12
b) x2 + 6x + 9 b) x2 − bx + 18
c) x2 + 8x + 15 c) x2 + bx − 15
d) x2 + 12x + 27 d) x2 − bx − 18

2. Find two integers with the given product and 6. Determine two values of c so that each
sum. expression can be factored.
a) product = 48 and sum = 14 a) x2 + 4x + c
b) product = −15 and sum = 2 b) x2 − 9x + c
c) product = −30 and sum = −1
d) product = 2 and sum = −3 7. A parabola has equation y = 3x2 − 30x + 48.
a) Factor the right side of the equation fully.
3. Factor, if possible. b) Identify the x-intercepts of the parabola.
a) x2 + 8x + 12 c) Find the equation of the axis of symmetry,
b) c2 − 3c − 18 find the vertex, and draw a graph of the
c) d2 + 10d + 21 parabola.
d) d2 − 12d + 35
e) x2 + x + 1 8. Determine expressions to represent the
f) c2 − 11c + 30 dimensions of this rectangular prism.
g) y2 + 15y + 56
h) x2 − x − 72

4. Factor fully by first removing the greatest

common factor (GCF).
a) 3x2 − 12x − 36
b) −2x2 + 2x + 4
c) 6x2 − 42x + 72
d) −3x2 − 18x − 24
e) 4x2 − 40x + 84
f) x3 + 7x2 + 12x

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–7 Section 5.4 Practice Master
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–8...
Section 5.5 Practice Master

1. Use algebra tiles or a diagram to factor each 5. The area of a rectangular parking lot is
trinomial. represented by A = 6x2 − 19x − 7.
a) 2x2 + 7x + 3 a) Factor the expression to find expressions
b) 6x2 + 11x + 4 for the length and width.
c) 3x2 + 7x + 2 b) If x represents 15 m, what are the length
d) 4x2 + 18x + 20 and width of the parking lot?

2. Factor. 6. The height, h, in metres, of a baseball above

a) 6x2 + 10x − 4 the ground relative to the horizontal distance,
b) 56x2 − 9x − 2 d, in metres, from the batter is given by
c) 9x2 + 6x + 1 h = −0.005d2 + 0.49d + 1.
d) 12c2 − 26c − 16 a) Write the right side of the equation in
e) 2d2 − 11d − 6 factored form. Hint: First divide each term
f) 2r2 + 13r + 20 by the common factor, −0.005.
g) 6s2 − 29s + 35 b) At what horizontal distance from the batter
h) 15r2 − 7r − 2 will the baseball hit the ground if it is not
i) 4r2 − 20r + 25 caught by an outfielder?
j) 13x2 − 57x + 20
7. Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is
3. Factor. unusually wide for a long-span bridge.
a) 6x2 − 5xy − 4y2 It carries two rail lines, eight road lanes,
b) 9x2 + 12xy + 4y2 a cycle lane, and a walkway.
c) 12r2 + 7rs − 10s2 a) Factor the expression 10x2 − 7x − 3 to find
binomials that represent the length and the
d) 15r2 − 23rs + 4s2
width of the bridge.
e) 2x2 − 19xy + 42y2
b) If x represents 50 m, what are the length
f) 18y2 + 21yx − 4x2 and the width of the bridge, in metres?
4. Find two values of k so that each trinomial 8. Factor.
can be factored over the integers.
a) 10x4 − 3x2 − 18
a) 12x2 + kx + 14
b) 20x6 − 59x3y2 + 42y4
b) 6x2 + kx + 10
c) 4x2 − 12x + k
d) kx2 − 40xy + 16y2

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–8 Section 5.5 Practice Master
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–10...
Section 5.6 Practice Master

1. Factor. 5. Determine the value(s) of b so that each

a) x2 − 25 trinomial is a perfect square.
b) y2 − 49 a) bx2 + 10xy + y2
c) 9k2 − 1 b) 36x2 − bxy + 49y2
d) 16k2 − 49
e) 25w2 − 36 6. Determine two values of k so that each
f) 4 − 9w2 trinomial can be factored as a difference of
squares.
2. Factor. a) 25x2 − ky2
a) x2 − y2 b) kx2 − 16
b) 36x2 − y2
c) 25r2 − 36s2 7. Factor, if possible.
d) 144r2 − 49s2 a) (5c + 3)2 − (2c + 1)2
e) 121x2 − 9y2 b) 100 + (x − 3)2
c) 9x2 + 8x + 25
f) 100r2 − 81s2
d) 25x2y2 − 150xyab + 225a2b2
3. Factor.
a) x2 + 14x + 49 8. A parabola has equation y = 4x2 + 32x + 64.
Rewrite the equation in factored form to find
b) x2 − 6x + 9
the coordinates of the vertex.
c) x2 − 8x + 16
d) 100 − 20x + x2 9. Find an algebraic expression for the area of
e) 4x2 − 12xy + 9y2 the shaded region in factored form.
f) 49x2 + 56xy + 16y2

4. Factor fully, if possible.

a) 2a2 + 12a + 18
b) 25x2 − 16y
c) 75x2 + 210xy + 147y2
d) 9x3y − 16xy3
e) 36m2 − 96mn + 64n2
f) 20x2 + 20xy + 5y2

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–10 Section 5.6 Practice Master
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–11...
(page 1)
Chapter 5 Review

5.1 Multiply Polynomials 8. Expand and simplify.

1. Use the distributive property to find each a) (x − 3y)2
binomial product. b) −5(2x + 5b)2
a) (x + 7)(x + 3) b) (y − 3)(y + 5) c) (11x − 13y)(11x + 13y)
c) (x − 3y)(x + 2y) d) (3a + 8b)(5a + 6b) d) −(a − 6b)(a + 6b)
2. Expand and simplify. 9. A square has side length 4a. One dimension
a) −4(a + 6)(a − 3) is increased by 6 and the other is decreased
b) −3x(x + 2y)(x + 6y) by 6.
c) (10y + 6)(3y + 7) − (y + 2)(y − 4) a) Write an algebraic expression to represent
d) 2b(4b − 7)(3b + 2) − b(5b + 2)(b − 6) the area of the resulting rectangle.
e) −x(x + y)(2x + y) − y(3x + y)(x − y) b) Expand this expression and simplify.
c) Write and simplify an algebraic expression
3. A parabola has equation y = 2(x − 3)(x − 6). for the change in area from the square to
a) Expand and simplify the right side of the rectangle.
the equation. d) Calculate the new area of the rectangle
b) State the x-intercepts of the parabola. if a represents 5 cm.
c) Verify in the expanded form that these
5.3 Common Factors
are the x-intercepts.
10. Use algebra tiles or a diagram to illustrate
4. a) Write a simplified algebraic expression the factoring of each polynomial.
to represent the area of the figure. a) x2 + 5x b) 8x2 + x
11. Factor.
a) 2x2 + 4x b) 5x2 + 3x
c) 10x2 + 20y2 d) 3xy − 7xz

12. Factor by grouping.

a) 2x2 + 2x + 3xy + 3y
b) Expand and simplify your expression b) x3 + x2y + yx + y2
from part a). c) 5ab − 5a + 3b − 3
5.2 Special Products d) 3a2x + 3a2y + b2x + b2y
5. Draw a diagram to illustrate each product. 13. Factor, if possible.
a) (x + 5)2 b) (y + 3)2 a) 2z(x + y) + 3xy(x + y)
6. Expand and simplify. b) x2 + y2 + z2
c) 6a3 + 3a2 + 12a + 6
a) (x + 6)2 b) (r − 3)2
c) (y + 10)2 d) (e − 5)2 d) x2yz2 − x2z2 + xyz

7. Expand and simplify.

a) (b + 9)(b − 9) b) (y − 11)(y + 11)
c) (m + 13)(m − 13) d) (14 − x)(14 + x)

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–11 Chapter 5 Review
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–11...
(page 2)
14. Write an expression in fully factored form 5.5 Factor Quadratic Expressions of the Form
for the shaded area. ax2 + bx + c
19. Factor, using algebra tiles or a diagram if
necessary.
a) 12x2 − 5x − 3
b) 3x2 − 13x − 10
c) 10x2 + 9x − 7
d) 21x2 + 4x − 1
20. Factor, if possible.
a) 3x2 + 15y + 33
5.4 Factor Quadratic Expressions of the Form b) 2x2 + 7x + 9
x2 + bx + c c) 30x2 + 9x − 12
15. Illustrate the factoring of each trinomial d) −6x2 − 34x + 12
using algebra tiles or a diagram. 21. Find a value of k so that each trinomial can
a) x2 + 6x + 9 be factored over the integers.
b) x2 + 12x + 35 a) 3x2 + kx − 10
b) 24x2 + 47x + k
16. Factor.
a) x2 − 4x − 12 5.6 Factor a Perfect Square Trinomial and
b) x2 − 7x + 12 a Difference of Squares
c) x2 − 4x − 45 22. Factor fully.
d) x2 + 9x + 14 a) x2 − 100 b) c2 − 25
17. Factor completely by first removing the c) 9x2 − 16 d) 128 − 18x2
greatest common factor (GCF). e) 1 − 225y2 f) −3x2 + 27y2
a) −2x2 + 16x − 30 23. Verify that each trinomial is a perfect square,
b) x3 + 3x2 − 28x and then factor.
18. Determine binomials to represent the length a) y2 + 16y + 64 b) x2 − 20x + 100
and width of the rectangle, and then c) 225 − 90y + 9y2 d) 121c2 + 308cd + 196d2
determine the dimensions of the rectangle if
24. Factor, if possible.
x = 11 cm.
a) 9y2 + 24y − 16 b) 50x2 − 60xy + 18y2
c) (x − 3)2 − (y − 4)2 d) x2 + 9y2
25. A rectangular prism has a volume of
4x3 + 12x2 + 9x.
a) Determine algebraic expressions for the
dimensions of the prism.
b) Describe the faces of the prism.
c) Determine the volume if x = 3 cm.
d) Determine the surface area if x = 3 cm.

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–11 Chapter 5 Review
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–13...
(page 1)
Chapter 5 Practice Test

1. What binomial product does each diagram 4. If it is possible to remove a common factor
represent? from the expression 2x2 + ky + 4, where k is
a) an integer, what can you state about the
possible values of k? Explain.

5. a) Write an algebraic expression for the

volume of this rectangular prism.

b)
b) Expand and simplify the expression.
c) Find the volume if x = 2.

6. Factor fully.
a) x2 + 10x + 25
b) 25r2 − 20rs + 4s2
c) 5x2 − 5
d) 1 − 49m2
e) 5m2 + 17m + 6
f) m2 − 9mn + 14n2

7. Factor, if possible.
a) 3y3 − 7y2 + 2y
2. Expand and simplify.
b) 4m2 + 16
a) −2x3(4x2 + 2x + 4)
c) 6y2 + y − 1
b) −xy(6x2 + xy + 1) − 2(x3y + 4xy)
d) x(m − 2) − 4(m − 2)
e) y2 + 2x + 2y + xy
3. Expand and simplify.
f) 9t − 4t3
a) (x − 3)(x − 9)
b) (2x + 3)(2x − 1) 8. A ball is thrown into the air and its path is
c) −3(x − 4)2 + 2(x − 3)(x + 3) given by h = −5t2 + 20t + 25, where h is the
d) (3c + d)2 + 2c(c − d) height, in metres, above the ground and t is
e) 2(x − 1)(x − 6) − 3(2x − 1)2 the time, in seconds.
f) (2c + 3d)2 − 3(c + 1)2 a) Factor the right side of the equation fully.
b) When does the ball hit the ground?
c) Find the height of the ball 2 s after it is
thrown.

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–13 Chapter 5 Practice Test
Name: ___________________________________
9. Determine two values of k so that each
expression can be factored over the integers.
a) x2 + kx + 36
b) 3x2 − 8x + k
c) 36x2 − kxy + 49y2
d) 49x2 − ky2
10. Write and simplify an algebraic expression
for the area of the shaded region.
11. The volume of a rectangular prism is
represented by the equation V = 12x3 − 3x.
a) Factor the right side of the equation fully.
b) Draw a diagram of the prism.
c) If x represents 6 cm, what are the
dimensions of the prism?
12. The face of a Canadian $20 bill has an area
that can be represented by the expression
10x2 + 9x − 40.
a) Factor 10x2 + 9x − 40 to find expressions
to represent the dimensions of the bill.
b) If x represents 32 mm, what are the
dimensions of the bill, in millimetres?
Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource
BLM 5–13 Chapter 5 Practice Test
Date: _______________________________
…BLM 5–13...
(page 2)
13. Describe the steps needed to determine
whether the expression ax3 + bx2 + cx can
be factored over the integers.
14. Factor to evaluate each difference.
a) 232 − 222
b) 252 − 232
c) 812 − 772
d) 1542 − 1502
15. a) Two numbers that differ by 2 can be
multiplied by squaring their average and
then subtracting 1. For example,
14 × 16 = 152 − 1, which is 225 − 1,
or 224. How does the product of the sum
and difference (x − 1)(x + 1) explain the
method?
b) Develop a similar method for multiplying
two numbers that differ by 4.
c) Show how the product of a sum and
a difference explains your method from
part b).
Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–14...
(page 1)
Chapter 5 Test

1. Represent each binomial product using 6. Factor.

a diagram. a) x2 − 10x + 25
a) (x + 3)(2x + 1) b) 4x2 − 12x + 9
b) (2x + 3)(3x + 2) c) 2y2 + 5y + 2
d) 3k2 − 11k − 4
2. Expand and simplify. e) 10r2 + r − 3
a) 3x2y(y2x + 4xy − 2y2) f) 6s2 − 11st − 10t2
b) −4(x2 + 3x − 11) + 5x(x − 4)
7. Factor fully, if possible.
3. Expand and simplify. a) 21x2 + 21x − 42
a) (k + 4)(k − 1) b) 7g2 + 28g − 147
b) (6x − 1)(x − 5) c) 3x2 + 11x − 13
c) 2(3x − 2)2 − 3(x − 1)(x + 5) d) c3 − 9c
d) (2x − 3y)2 + 2y(y − x) e) 6d2 − 13d + 6
e) 6(1 − x)(x + 4) − 2(5 − 2x)2 f) 50x2 − 72
4. In baseball, the first base bag is a square. 8. A stone is thrown straight down from a tall
Its side length can be represented by the building. The relation h = 150 − 5t − 5t2
expression 5x + 3. approximates its path, with h in metres and
a) Write and expand an expression to t in seconds.
represent the area of the top of the bag. a) How tall is the building?
b) If x represents 7 cm, what is the area of b) Factor the right side of the equation fully.
the top of the bag, in square centimetres? c) When does the stone hit the ground?
5. a) Write an algebraic expression for the 9. The North Stone Pyramid at Dahshur in
volume of the rectangular prism. Egypt has a square base with an area that
can be represented by the trinomial
9x2 − 12x + 4.
a) Factor the trinomial to find a binomial to
represent the side length of the base of the
pyramid.
b) If x represents 74 m, what is the side
length of the base, in metres?
b) Expand and simplify the expression.
c) Find the volume if x = 1 cm.

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–14 Chapter 5 Test
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________________________

…BLM 5–14...
(page 2)
10. Determine the value(s) of k so that each 13. Explain how to determine the value(s) of k
trinomial can be factored as a perfect square. that would make x2 + kx + 100 a perfect
a) x2 − 12x + k square trinomial.
b) 9x2 + kx + 25
c) kx2 − 4x + 1 14. If a and b are integers, find values of a and b
d) 16y2 + ky + 9 so that a2 – b2 is 21.
e) x2 + kx + 36
f) 4x2 − 24x + k 15. a) Write an expression for the shaded area in
g) 36x2 − kxy + 49y2 the diagram.
h) 49x2 − 42xy + ky2

11. Write and simplify an algebraic expression

for the area of the shaded region.

b) Factor this expression.

c) Find the area of the shaded region if
x = 3 cm.
12. The area of a rectangle is represented by the
equation A = 6x2 + 5x − 4.
a) Factor the right side of the equation fully
to find expressions for the length and
width of the rectangle.
b) Find an expression for the perimeter of
the rectangle.
c) If x represents 7 cm, find the area and the
perimeter of the rectangle.

Principles of Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Resource Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
BLM 5–14 Chapter 5 Test
 …BLM 5–16...
(page 1)
BLM Answers

Get Ready b)
1. a) monomial b) trinomial
c) trinomial d) binomial
e) four-term polynomial
2. a) 2 b) 1 c) 3 d) 5
3. a) 6x + 1 b) 8a − 5b
c) x2 + 7x − 5 d) 6y3 − 9y2 + 5
4. a) 14x2 − 2xy − 5y2 b) −ab2 + 15a − 2b2
c) 8x − 17 d) −11b2 − b − 2
2
5. a) 2x + 2xy b) −48a2 + 32a
c) −6a − 42 d) 6x2 + 4x + 8
2
6. a) 12m − 24m b) −16x2y + 8xy2
3 3
c) −18a − 24a b d) −2ab2 + 12a2b − 14a
3 2
7. a) 30x + 20x b) 62x2 + 28x
8. a) 1, 2, 3, 6 b) 1, 2, 17, 34 c)
c) 1, 17 d) 1, 2, 4, 11, 22, 44
9. a) 2×2×3 b) 3 × 3
c) 2×2×2×5 d) 5 × 11

Section 5.1 Practice Master

1. a) (x + 1)(x + 3) b) (x + 2)(x + 2)
2. Diagrams may vary. For example:
a)

3. a) x2 + x − 6 b) y2 + 8y + 12
2
c) n − n − 20 d) d2 + 13d + 42
2
e) x − 14x + 48 f) a2 − 9a + 18
2 2
4. a) x − 4y b) 2x2 − 5x − 3
2
c) k + k − 42 d) 4p2 − 24pq + 35q2
2
e) 6 − 13s + 6s f) 6t2 + rt − r2
2
5. a) 4x − 26x − 14 b) x2 + 7x + 16
2
c) 29x + 10x − 9 d) −8m2 − 16m
2
e) 23m − 26m − 9 f) −24x2 − 120x + 21
6. a) 2x(3x + 1) + 2x(2x + 2 − 2x) = 6x2 + 6x
b) (x + 6)(x − 3) − 2x(x + 1) = −x2 + x − 18
7. a)

b) x3 + 9x2 + 20x c) 6x2 + 36x + 40

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Section 5.2 Practice Master 11. a) 16x4 + 24x2y2 + 9y4 b) 9x4 − 4y4
c) −6x + 18 d) 13b2 − 6b + 6
1. Diagrams may vary. For example:
e) 9x4 + 30x3 − 19x2 − 10x + 1
a) f) 8x3 − 36x2 + 54x − 27

Section 5.3 Practice Master

1. Diagrams may vary. For example:
a)

b)
b)

2. a) x2 + 8x + 16 b) y2 + 14y + 49
2
c) a + 16a + 64 d) q2 + 10q + 25
3. a) 6y + 36y + 36 b) 6x2 + 12xy + 4y2
2

c) 4x2 + 4xy + y2 d) 36c2 + 84cd + 49d2 c)

2
4. a) x − 12x + 36 b) b2 − 50b + 625
c) r2 − 22r + 121 d) e2 − 14e + 49
5. a) 64a2 − 16a + 1 b) 4u2 − 12uv + 9v2
c) 36p2 − 84p + 49 d) 25q2 − 80qr + 64r2
6. a) v2 − 4 b) x2 − 36
2 2
c) x − y d) r2 − s2
2 2
7. a) 36g − 49h b) 9x2 − y2
2 2
c) g − 81x d) 16x2 − 25y2
8. a) V = x + 3x y + 3xy2 + y3
3 2

b) SA = 6x2 + 12xy + 6y2

9. a) (3, 0) b) y = x2 − 6x + 9
c) Substitute the coordinates into the left
and right sides of the equation.
L.S. = x 2 − 6 x + 9 R.S. = y
= 32 − 6(3) + 9 =0
= 9 − 18 + 9
=0
L.S. = R.S.
10. the square, by 9 cm2

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2. a) 3(x + 2y) b) 17a(c − 2d) c)
c) 8xy(2xy − 3) d) 9xy(3x2y2 + 2xy + 1)
e) 6np2(n + 2 + 6n2p) f) 11c2de(3c2d2e − 1)
g) 3(g2 + 2g + 3)
3. a) (x + 7)(2x + 3) b) (b − 7)(a + 2)
c) (r + u)(4s − 3) d) (x + s)(y + z)
4. a) (a + 3)(x + y) b) 2(x + 2)(2x + 3y)
c) (y + 3)(y + a) d) (5x + 1)(5x + 3y)
5. a) SA = 2(lw + lh + wh)
b) Both formulas give 340 cm2 because the formulas
are equivalent.
6. a) −(y − 6)(3x − 2) b) 2(x − 3)(y − 2z)
5
7. a) xy (9 x − 2) b) r2(π − 2)
2
d)
Section 5.4 Practice Master
1. Diagrams may vary. For example:
a)

2. a) 6, 8 b) −3, 5 c) −6, 5 d) −2, −1

3. a) (x + 6)(x + 2) b) (c − 6)(c + 3)
c) (d + 3)(d + 7) d) (d − 5)(d − 7)
e) not possible f) (c − 5)(c − 6)
b) g) (y + 7)(y + 8) h) (x − 9)(x + 8)
4. a) 3(x − 6)(x + 2) b) −2(x − 2)(x + 1)
c) 6(x − 4)(x − 3) d) −3(x + 2)(x + 4)
e) 4(x − 7)(x − 3) f) x(x + 3)(x + 4)
5. Answers may vary. For example:
a) b = 8, b = −8 b) b = 9, b = −9
c) b = 2, b = −2 d) b = 3, b = 7
6. Answers may vary. For example:
a) c = 3, c = −5 b) c = −10, c = 8
7. a) 3(x − 8)(x − 2) b) 2, 8
c) x = 5, (5, −27)

8. x by x + 2 by x + 3

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Section 5.5 Practice Master 3. a) y = 2x2 − 18x + 36 b) 3, 6
c) Substitute the coordinates of the points at the
1. a) (x + 3)(2x + 1) b) (2x + 1)(3x + 4) x-intercepts into both sides of the equation.
c) (x + 2)(3x + 1) d) 2(x + 2)(2x + 5)
L.S. = y R.S. = 2 x 2 − 18 x + 36
2. a) 2(x + 2)(3x − 1) b) (7x − 2)(8x + 1)
c) (3x + 1)(3x + 1) d) 2(2c + 1)(3c − 8) =0 = 2(6) 2 − 18(6) + 36
e) (d − 6)(2d + 1) f) (r + 4)(2r + 5) = 72 − 108 + 36
g) (2s − 5)(3s − 7) h) (3r − 2)(5r + 1) =0
i) (2r − 5)(2r − 5) j) (x − 4)(13x − 5)
3. a) (2x + y)(3x − 4y) b) (3x + 2y)(3x + 2y) L.S. = R.S.
c) (3r − 2s)(4r + 5s) d) (3r − 4s)(5r − s) 4. a) (x − 3)(x + 9) − 9(x − 5) b) x2 − 3x + 18
5. Diagrams may vary. For example:
e) (x − 6y)(2x − 7y) f) (3y + 4x)(6y − x)
4. Answers may vary. For example: a)
a) k = 26, k = −29 b) k = 16, k = −17
c) k = 5, k = −7 d) k = 9, k = −11
5. a) length 3x + 1, width 2x − 7
b) length 46 m, width 23 m
6. a) −0.005(x − 100)(x + 2) b) 100 m
7. a) 10x + 3, x – 1 b) 53 m; 49 m
8. a) (2x2 − 3)(5x2 + 6) b) (5x3 − 6y2)(4x3 − 7y2)

Section 5.6 Practice Master

1. a) (x − 5)(x + 5) b) (y − 7)(y + 7)
c) (3k − 1)(3k + 1) d) (4k − 7)(4k + 7)
e) (5w − 6)(5w + 6) f) (2 − 3w)(2 + 3w)
2. a) (x − y)(x + y) b) (6x − y)(6x + y)
c) (5r − 6s)(5r + 6s) d) (12r − 7s)(12r + 7s) b)
e) (11x − 3y)(11x + 3y) f) (10r − 9s)(10r + 9s)
3. a) (x + 7)2 b) (x − 3)2
c) (x − 4)2 d) (10 − x)2
2
e) (2x − 3y) f) (7x + 4y)2
2
4. a) 2(a + 3) b) not possible
c) 3(5x + 7y)2 d) xy(3x − 4y)(3x + 4y)
e) 4(3m − 4n)2 f) 5(2x + y)2
5. a) b = 25 b) b = 84 or b = −84
6. Answers may vary, but k must be a perfect square.
For example:
a) k = 25, k = 4 b) k = 9, k = 81
7. a) (3c + 2)(7c + 4)2 b) not possible
c) not possible d) 25(xy − 3ab)2
8. y = 4(x + 4)2; (−4, 0)
9. A = 4(x + 3)(2x + 1)
6. a) x2 + 12x + 36 b) r2 − 6r + 9
Chapter 5 Review c) y + 20y + 100 d) e2 − 10e + 25
2

7. a) b2 − 81 b) y2 − 121
1. a) x2 + 10x + 21 b) y2 + 2y − 15 c) 2
m − 169 d) 196 − x2
2 2
c) x − xy − 6y d) 15a2 + 58ab + 48b2 8. a) 2
x − 6xy + 9y 2
b) −20x2 − 100xb − 125b2
2. a) −4a − 12a + 72 b) −3x3 − 24x2y − 36xy2
2
c) 2
121x − 169y 2
d) 36b2 − a2
c) 29y2 + 90y + 50 d) 19b3 + 2b2 − 16b 9. a) (4a + 6)(4a − 6) b) 16a2 − 36
e) −2x3 − 6x2y + xy2 + y3 c) (4a)(4a) − (16a − 36) = 36 d) 364 cm2
2

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10. Diagrams may vary. For example: 16. a) (x − 6)(x + 2) b) (x − 3)(x − 4)
a) c) (x − 9)(x + 5) d) (x + 2)(x + 7)
17. a) −2(x − 5)(x − 3) b) x(x + 7)(x − 4)
18. length x − 9, width x − 10; length 2 cm, width 1 cm
19. a) (3x + 1)(4x − 3) b) (x − 5)(3x + 2)
c) (2x − 1)(5x + 7) d) (3x + 1)(7x − 1)
20. a) 3(x2 + 5y + 11) b) not possible
c) 3(2x − 1)(5x + 4) d) −2(x + 6)(3x − 1)
21. Answers may vary. For example:
a) k = −7 b) k = 13
22. a) (x − 10)(x + 10) b) (c − 5)(c + 5)
c) (3x − 4)(3x + 4) d) 2(8 − 3x)(8 + 3x)
b)
e) (1 − 15y)(1 + 15y) f) −3(x − 3y)(x + 3y)
23. a) Since y2 = (y)2 and 64 = 82, the first and last terms
are perfect squares. Since 16y = 2(y)(8), the middle
term is twice the product of the square roots of the
first and last terms. Therefore, y2 + 16y + 64 is a
perfect square trinomial.
(y + 8)2
11. a) 2x(x + 2) b) x(5x + 3) b) Since x2 = (x)2 and 100 = (−10)2, the first and last
c) 10(x2 + 2y2) d) x(3y − 7z) terms are perfect squares. Since −20x = 2(x)(−10),
12. a) (x + 1)(2x + 3y) b) (x + y)(x2 + y) the middle term is twice the product of the square
c) (5a + 3)(b − 1) d) (3a2 + b2)(x + y) roots of the first and last terms. Therefore,
13. a) (x + y)(2z + 3xy) b) not possible x2 − 20x + 100 is a perfect square trinomial.
c) 3(2a + 1)(a2 + 2) d) xz(xyz − xz + y) (x − 10)2
14. xy(2x + 5) c) Since 225 = (15)2 and 9y2 = (−3y)2, the first and last
15. Diagrams may vary. For example:
terms are perfect squares. Since −90y = 2(15)(−3y),
a) the middle term is twice the product of the square
roots of the first and last terms. Therefore,
225 − 90y + 9y2 is a perfect square trinomial.
(15 − 3y)2
This is not fully factored:
(15 − 3y)2 = [3(5 − y)]2 = 9(5 − y)2
d ) Since 121c2 = (11c)2 and 196d2 = (14d)2, the first
and last terms are perfect squares. Since
308cd = 2(11c)(14d), the middle term is twice the
product of the square roots of the first and last
terms. Therefore, 121c2 + 308cd + 196d2 is a perfect
square trinomial.
(11c + 14d)2
24. a) not possible b) 2(5x − 3y)2
c) (x + y − 7)(x − y + 1) d) not possible
b)
25. a) x by 2x + 3 by 2x + 3
b) two congruent squares and four congruent
rectangles
c) 243 cm3 d) 270 cm2

Chapter 5 Practice Test

1. a) (x + 3)(x + 2) b) (2x + 1)(x + 4)
2. a) −8x5 − 4x4 − 8x3 b) −8x3y − x2y2 − 9xy
2
3. a) x − 12x + 27 b) 4x2 + 4x − 3
2
c) −x + 24x − 66 d) 11c2 + 4cd + d2
2
e) −10x − 2x + 9 f) c2 + 12cd − 6c + 9d2 − 3
4. k must be divisible by 2, because the only common
factor of the other two coefficients is 2.

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5. a) x2(3x + 1)(2x + 5) b) 6x4 + 17x3 + 5x2 Chapter 5 Test
c) 252 cubic units
6. a) (x + 5)2 b) (5r − 2s)2 1. Diagrams may vary. For example:
c) 5(x − 1)(x + 1) d) (1 − 7m)(1 + 7m) a)
e) (m + 3)(5m + 2) f) (m − 2n)(m − 7n)
7. a) y(y − 2)(3y − 1) b) 4(m2 + 4)
c) (2y + 1)(3y − 1) d) (m − 2)(x − 4)
e) (x + y)(y + 2) f) t(3 − 2t)(3 + 2t)
8. a) −5(t − 5)(t + 1) b) after 5 s c) 45 m
9. Answers may vary. For example:
a) k = −12, k = 13 b) k = 5, k = 4 c) k = 84, k = 85
d) k = 1, k = 169 (k must be a perfect square)
10. π(r + 3)2 − πr2 = 3π(2r + 3)
11. a) 3x(2x − 1)(2x + 1)
b)
b)

c) 18 cm by 11 cm by 13 cm
12. a) (2x + 5)(5x – 8) b) 69 mm by 152 mm
13. First, remove the greatest common factor, x, to get
x(ax2 + bx + c). Then, find two integers, m and n,
whose product is ac and whose sum is b. Break up the
middle term, bx, into mx + nx and then factor by
grouping.
14. a) 232 − 222 = (23 − 22)(23 + 22)
= 1(55)
= 55
b) 252 − 232 = (25 − 23)(25 + 23)
= 2(48)
= 96
c) 812 − 772 = (81 − 77)(81 + 77)
= 4(158)
2. a) 3x3y3 + 12x3y2 − 6x2y3 b) x2 − 32x + 44
= 632
3. a) k2 + 3k − 4 b) 6x2 − 31x + 5
d) 1542 − 1502 = (154 − 150)(154 + 150)
= 4(204) c) 15x2 − 36x + 23 d) 4x2 − 14xy + 11y2
2
= 816 e) −14x + 22x − 26
15. a) You can write any two numbers that differ by 2 as 4. a) (5x + 3)2 = 25x2 + 30x + 9 b) 1444 cm2
x – 1 and x + 1. Their average is 5. a) 2x(5x − 2)(3x + 4)
x −1+ x + 1 2x b) 30x2 + 28x2 − 16x
= or x. Their product is c) 42 cm3
2 2
2
(x – 1)(x + 1), or x – 1. 6. a) (x − 5)2 b) (2x − 3)2
b) Find the square of their average and subtract 4. c) (y + 2)(2y + 1) d) (k − 4)(3k + 1)
c) Write the two numbers as x – 2 and x + 2. Their e) (2r − 1)(5r + 3) f) (2s − 5t)(3s + 2t)
average is x. Their product is (x – 2)(x + 2), or 7. a) 21(x − 1)(x + 2) b) 7(g − 3)(g + 7)
x2 – 4. c) not possible d) c(c − 3)(c + 3)
e) (2d −3)(3d − 2) f) 2(5x − 6)(5x + 6)
8. a) 150 m b) −5(t − 5)(t + 6) c) after 5 s
9. a) 3x – 2 b) 220 m

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10. a) k = 36 b) k = −30, k = 30 13. Multiply the square root of 100, −10 or 10, by 2,
c) k = 4 d) k = −24, k = 24 to get −20 or 20.
e) k = −12, k = 12 f) k = 36 14. There are eight possible answers for the ordered pair
g) k = −84, k = 84 h) k = 9 (a, b): (5, 2), (–5, 2), (5, –2), (–5, –2), (11, 10),
11. (2x + 3)(x + 4) − x2 = x2 + 11x + 12 (–11, 10), (11, –10), and (–11, –10).
12. a) (2x − 1)(3x + 4) 15. a) (2x + 3)(2x + 3) − (2)(2)
b) 10x + 6 b) (2x + 1)(2x + 5)
c) 325 cm2, 76 cm c) 77 cm2

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Chapter 5 Practice Masters Answers