Chapter 2 Quadratic Functions

2.1 Quadratic Equations and Inequalities

1. Solve the following quadratic equations by completing the square.
(a) x2 + 6 x − 5 = 0 (b) 2 x2 + 6 x − 3 = 0

(c) 3x2 − 6 x − 7 = 0 (d) 4 x2 + 8x + 3 = 0

2. Solve the following quadratic equations by using the quadratic formula.

(a) x2 + 7 x + 5 = 0 (b) 2 x2 + x − 6 = 0

(c) 2 x( x − 4) = ( x + 2)(1 − x) (d) x(2 x − 5) = 2 x −1

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 3. Find the sum and product of roots of the following equations.
(a) 2 x2 + 7 = 5x (b) 2 x( x + 4) = 5x − 6

(c) x2 + (n − 2) x + m = 0 (d) (2m + 3) x2 + (4m − 2) x − (m + 1) = 0

4. For the equation 3x2 + 6 x − 8 = 0 with roots α and β, find

(a) ( + 3)( + 3)  1  1
(b)   +    + 
   

(c)  2 +  2 (d) ( −  ) 2

5. Form a quadratic equation with the given roots.

(a) 2 and 7 1
(b) 5 and −
3

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 1 3 (d) 4m, 3n
(c) − and
3 4

6. If α and β are the roots of the equation 2 x2 − 6 x + 5 = 0 , form the equation with the roots given.
(a) 4α and 4β 3 3
(b) and
 

(c) α2 and β2  
(d) and
 

7. If α and β are the roots in each of the following equations. Form the equation with roots given in
the bracket.
1 1   
(a) x 2 − 4 x + 7 = 0;  ,  (b) 2 x 2 + 4 x − 9 = 0;  , 
   4 4

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 (c) 2 x2 − 8x + 3 = 0;(2 + 1, 2 + 1)  3 3
(d) 3x 2 + 6 x − 5 = 0;   + ,  + 
  

8. Find the values of p and q for each of the following quadratic equations with the roots given in the
brackets.
 1 (b) x2 + ( p − 4) x + 3q = 0;(−3, 2)
(a) px 2 + 6 x − q = 0;  −2, 
 3

(c) x2 + 2 px − 7q = 3;(4,8) (d) x2 + (q − 1) x + 6 = 0;(3, p + 4)

(e) 2 x2 + (1 − p) x + 10q = 0;(−2,5 p) (f) x2 − px + 3q − 7 = 0;(1 − p,5)

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 9. Find the value(s) of k in each of the following quadratic equations.
(a) One root of x2 + 8x − k = 0 is thrice the (b) One of the roots of x2 + kx + 27 = 0 is square
other. of the other.

(c) One of the roots of x2 + kx + 12 = 0 is one (d) For the equation kx2 + (k − 2) x + 3k + 4 = 0 ,
third of the other root. (i) one root is negative of the other,
(ii) one root is reciprocal of the other.

10. Determine the range of values of x that satisfies each of the following quadratic inequalities.
(a) (2 x + 1)( x + 4)  4 + x (b) 2 x2  x + 1

(c) ( x − 3)2  5 − x (d) 3x2 − 5x −16  x(2 x + 1)

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 (e) x(2 x + 7)  15 (f) 2( x − 3)2  8

(g) ( x − 3)( x − 4)  2 (h) 2 x( x + 4)  ( x + 4)( x − 5)

11. Solve the following problems.

(a) The diagram shows the front view of four pieces
of wood with the same width. The total front
area of the four pieces of wood is 20 cm2. The
four pieces of wood are used to produce a
rectangular photo frame as shown in the
diagram.
Calculate the width, in cm, of the wood.

(b) The age of Gloria is five times of her son. Four years ago, the product of their ages is 52.
Find their ages now.

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 (c) Annabelle bought a certain number of pens for RM60. If each pen had a discount of 20
cents, she could have bought 10 more pens for the same amount of money.
Find the number of pens that Annabelle bought.

(d) During the training session for Olympics, Kenney cycled 60 km from Kuala Lumpur to
Kota Belut at a constant speed. If he increases the speed by 10 km h–1, he will arrive Kota
Belut half an hour earlier.
(i) Form a quadratic equation in terms of x, which shows the movement of Kenney.
(ii) Calculate the original speed of Kenney.

(e) Firdaus has a rectangular plywood with dimension 3x metre in length and 2x metre in
width. He cut part of the plywood into square shape with sides of x metre to make a table
surface. Find the range of values of x if the remaining area of the plywood is at least
( x 2 + 4) metre2.

(f) Given the quadratic equation px2 – 3x + q = 0 where p and q are constants has roots α
and 2α. Express p in terms of q.

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2.2 Types of Roots of Quadratic Equations
1. Determine the type of roots in each of the following quadratic equations.
(a) 4 x2 + 12 x + 9 = 0 (b) 2 x( x − 3) = x + 4

(c) (2 x −1)( x + 3) = 5 (d) x2 + 7( x + 2) = 0

(e) 2 x( x − 2) + 5 = 0 (f) ( x − 3) 2 = 6

2. The following quadratic equations have two equal roots. Express h in terms of k.
(a) hx2 + 6kx + h = 0 (b) h( x 2 + 9) = 2kx

(c) hx( x − 2) = h − k (d) kx2 + k (4 x − 1) + h = 0

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 3. The following quadratic equations have two equal roots, find the values of m.
(a) m( x 2 + 1) = 2 x (b) x2 − 2m( x − 5) = 4 x + 1

(c) m( x2 + 1) −12 x = 5 (d) x2 + (m − 2) x + 4 = 0

4. The following quadratic equations have two different roots, find the range of values of p.
(a) x2 + 6( p + 3) x + 9 p( p + 5) = 0 (b) x( x − 2) + p 2 = p(2 x −1)

(c) 5x2 − x( px + 4) = 2 (d) (2 x −1)( x + 1) = p − 2

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 5. The following quadratic equations have no roots, find the range of values of r.
(a) r ( x + 1)( x − 3) = x − 2 − 4r (b) rx2 − 3x + 9 = 0

(c) (r −1) x2 + r (2 x + 1) + 4 = 0 (d) x( x − 6) + 4r = 3

6. Find the value or range of values of k in each of the following.

(a) The line y = x – k is a tangent to the (b) The line y = 2x + k is a tangent to the
curve y = kx(x + 2). curve y = 3x2 − 6 x + 5 .

(c) The line y = kx + 2 intersects the curve (d) The line y = 2 x − 4k 2 intersects the
x2 + y 2 = 8x . curve y + 4kx = x2 + 9 .

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 (e) The line y = kx + 6 does not meet the (f) The line y = 2x + 3 does not intersect
curve 2 x 2 − xy = 3 . the curve x( x + y) = k .

(g) The line y = x + k is a tangent to the (h) The line x + 3y = k intersects the curve
curve y 2 − 4 x = 8 . y2 = 2x + 3 .

7. Solve the following problems.

(a) It is given that one of the roots of the quadratic equations x2 + ( p + 3) x − p 2 = 0 , where
p is a constant, is negative of the other. Find the value of the product of roots.

(b) It is given that the quadratic equation mx2 + 5nx + 4m = 0 , where m and n are constants,
has two equal roots. Find m : n.

(c) It is given that quadratic equation ( px)2 + 5qx + 4 = 0 has two equal roots while the
quadratic equation hx2 − x + p = 0 has no roots, where p, q and h are constants. Express
the range of q in terms of h.

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2.3 Quadratic Functions
1. The diagram shows the graphs, f ( x) = ax2 + bx + c . Match the following graphs with the possible
values of a.

2. Match the following quadratic functions with the correct graph.

3. Match the following quadratic functions with the correct graph.

4. Match the following quadratic functions with the correct graph.

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 5. The diagram shows the graph for f ( x) = − x2 + 4 x + 5 , where a = –1, b = 4 and c = 5. Match the
graph of f ( x) formed for the change of values in a, b and c.

6. Match the position of the graph of quadratic functions with the correct value of discriminant,
b2 − 4ac .

7. Determine the type of roots in each of the following functions. Hence, sketch the position of the
graph f(x) relative to the x-axis.
(a) f ( x) = x2 + 8x + 16 (b) f ( x) = 7 + 3x − x2

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 (c) f ( x) = 2 x2 − 5x + 3 (d) f ( x) = −5 + 4 x − x2

8. For each of the following quadratic function graphs, determine its type of roots.
(a) (b)

9. Find the values of k if the following quadratic functions touch the x-axis at one point.
(a) f ( x) = 4 x2 − 4(k − 3) x + k 2 + 1 (b) f ( x) = (k + 3) x2 −12 x + 2k

(c) f ( x) = (k + 2) x2 − 2(2k + 1) x + 4k (d) f ( x) = (2k + 1) x2 − 3kx + 2k − 4

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 10. Find the range of values of m for which of the following quadratic functions have two x-intercepts.
(a) f ( x) = (1 − m) x2 − 6 x + 10 (b) f ( x) = (m + 1) x2 + 2mx + m + 2

(c) f ( x) = 3x2 − 2 x − m + 1 (d) f ( x) = x2 − (2m + 1) x + m2

11. Find the range of values of c for which the following quadratic functions have no roots.
(a) f ( x) = c2 x2 − (2c + 8) x + 1 (b) f ( x) = 3x2 − 2 x + c

(c) f ( x) = cx2 + 6 x − 3 (d) f ( x) = 3x(2 − x) + c − 1

12. Express each of the following quadratic equation into the intercept form, f ( x) = a( x − p)( x − q) ,
where a, p and q are constants.
(a) f ( x) = 3x2 − 9 x − 30 (b) f ( x) = −8x2 − 38x + 10

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 (c) f ( x) = 2( x + 1)2 − 4 
2
3  169
(d) f ( x) = −2  x −  +
 2 2

13. Express each of the following quadratic equations in the vertex form, f ( x) = a( x − h)2 + k .
(a) f ( x) = x2 + 2 x − 5 (b) f ( x) = 7 − 4 x − x2

(c) f ( x) = 5 + 10 x − x2 (d) f ( x) = 2 x2 − 4 x + 5

(e) f ( x) = 9 + 8x − 2 x2 (f) f ( x) = 3x2 − 6 x − 8

(g) f ( x) = 10 + 12 x − 3x2 (h) f ( x) = 4 x2 − 8x + 11

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 14. Complete the following:

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 15. Solve the following problems.
(a) The diagram shows the graph of a (b) The diagram shows the graph of a
quadratic function quadratic function
f ( x) = 3( x + p) + 2 , where p is a
2
f ( x) = −( x − 2) − 3k , where k is a
2

constant. constant.

The curve y = f ( x) has a minimum
point (1, q), where q is a constant. State
(i) the value of p,
(ii) the value of q,
(iii)the equation of the axis of
symmetry.
Given (h, 12) is the maximum point of
the graph,
(i) state the value of h and of k,
(ii) find the value of p.

(c) The diagram shows the graph of (d) The diagram shows the graph of
quadratic function quadratic function
f ( x) = −( x + p) + q , where p and q are
2
f ( x) = ( x + 3) + 2k − 6 , where k is a
2

constants. constant.

State (i) State the equation of axis of

(i) the value of p, symmetry of the curve.
(ii) the equation of the axis of (ii) Given that the minimum value of
symmetry. the function is 4, find the value of
k.

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 (e) The quadratic equation (f) The graph of a quadratic function
f ( x) = p( x + q)2 + r , where p, q and r f ( x) = 3[2h − ( x − 1)2 ] , where h is a
are constants, has a minimum value of constant, has minimum point
–4. The equation of the axis of (1, h – 10).
symmetry is x = 3. State (i) State the value of h.
(i) the range of value of p, (ii) State the type of roots for f ( x) = 0 .
(ii) the value of q, Justify your answer.
(iii)the value of r.

(g) The diagram shows the graph for (h) The diagram shows the graph of a
y = −( x − k )2 − 2 , where k is a constant. quadratic function y = f ( x) . The
straight line y = −4 is a tangent to the
curve y = f ( x) .

Find
(i) the value of k,
(ii) the equation of the axis of
symmetry, (i) Write the axis of symmetry of the
(iii)the coordinates of the maximum curve.
point. (ii) Express f ( x) in the form of
f ( x) = ( x + b)2 + c , where b and c
are constants.

(i) The diagram shows the graph of the State

quadratic function f ( x) = ( x − k )2 − 25 (i) the value of k,
(ii) the coordinates of the minimum point of
the curve,
(iii)the range of values of x when f ( x) is
negative.

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 16. Solve the following problems.
(a) The diagram shows the graph (b) The diagram shows the graph of a
y = a( x − p)2 + q , where a, p and q are quadratic function
constants. The straight line y = −8 is f ( x) = a ( x + p ) 2 + q , where a > 0.
a tangent to the curve at point H.

(i) State the coordinates of H. (i) State the coordinates of point N.

(ii) Find the value of a. (ii) Find the function of the graph.
(iii)If the graph is reflected about the
x-axis, write the equation of the
curve.

(c) Prove that y = x2 + 2 x + 7 is always (d) Find the smallest integer of p such that
positive for all values of x. Hence, f ( x) = x2 − 4 x + p , where p is a
state the smallest value of y. constant, is always greater than 5.

(e) The quadratic function

2
 1 4
f ( x) = −3  x −  + can be
 3 3
expressed in the form
f ( x) = a( x − p)( x − q) , where a, p and
q are constants and p > q. Find the
value of p and q.

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 17. The diagram shows the graph for f ( x) = −2( x − 3)2 + 5 , where a = –2, h = 3 and k = 5. Match the
graph of f(x) formed for the change of values in a, h and k.

18. Sketch the following graphs of quadratic functions.

(a) f ( x) = − x 2 + 4 x − 4 (b) f ( x) = 32 + 4 x − x2

(c) f ( x) = 2 x2 + 4 x − 16 (d) f ( x) = 3x2 − 6 x + 5

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 19. Solve the following problems.
(a) The diagram shows a parabolic construction.

1 2
Given that the equation of the construction is given by y = − x + c metres. The
1000
distance between the two ends of the curve over the bridge is 400 metres, and the height
of the bridge from the ground is 6 metres. Find the maximum height of the construction.

(b) The number of food packets prepared by a food stall in a day is given by the function
f ( x) = 3x2 − 24 x + 2k −1 , where k is a constant and x is the number of workers in the
stall. Find the smallest value of integer k if the number of food packets provided must
exceed 515 packets a day, and the number of workers at the moment.

(c) The function h(t ) = −4t 2 + 32t , represents the height of the fireworks, in metres, after t
seconds launched from point P, as shown in the diagram.

Point P is a origin and the fireworks exploded at the highest point. Find the height, in
cm, the fireworks explode.

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 (d) A football player kicks a ball 5 m from the left side of the football middle field. The
7
locus of the ball is represented by f ( x) = kx 2 + x + 3 p , where k and p are constants.
18
The ball reaches a maximum height of 7 m and touches the surface of the field 60 m from
the ball kicked. Find the value of k and of p.

(e) The diagram shows the trajectory of a toy rocket that follows the parabolic curve.

Given that the horizontal distance from the launching point is x m and the height of the
rocket from the ground level is y m. Express the equation of the trajectory in the form of
y = a( x − h)2 + k .

(f) The diagram shows Ali is kicking a ball that flies over his brother, Amien. The motion
of the ball can be expressed by 63 y = − x(2 x − 25) where x is the vertical distance, in m,
from Ali and y is the height, in m, from the ground.

Given that Amien is 1 m tall and he stands still while Ali is kicking the ball. Find the
range of the distance, in m, between Ali and Amien such that Amien is not struck by the
ball.

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Paper 2 Questions
Instructions: Write your answer in full-scape paper.

1. The quadratic equation x2 − 5x + 6 = 0 has roots h and k, where h > k.

(a) Find
(i) the value of h and of k,
(ii) the range of x if x2 − 5x + 6  0 . [5 marks]
(b) Using the values of h and of k from (a)(i), form the quadratic equations which has the roots h + 2
and 3k – 2. [2 marks]

2. A quadratic equation x2 + 4(3x + k ) = 0 , where k is a constant has roots p and 2p, p ≠ 0.

(a) Find the value of p and of k. [5 marks]
(b) Hence, form the quadratic equation which has the roots p – 1 and p + 6. [3 marks]

3. It is given that α and β are the roots of the quadratic equation x( x − 3) = 2h − 4 , where h is a constant.
(a) Find the range of values of h if α ≠ β. [3 marks]
 
(b) Given and are the roots of another quadratic equation 2 x2 + kx − 4 = 0 , where k is a constant,
2 2
find the value of h and of k. [4 marks]

4. The diagram shows a cylindrical container with the length of 20 cm placed on the floor against the
wall. Q is a point on the edge of the base of the container. It is given that the distance of point Q is
2 cm from the wall and 1 cm from the floor.

Mira wants to keep the container in a box with a dimension of 21 cm × 7 cm × 7 cm. Determine
whether the container can be kept in that box or otherwise. Give a reason for your answer.
[6 marks]

5. Cherryna bought some calculators for RM704.

(a) Cherryna sold 20 of the calculators at a profit of RM6 each. Write down an expression in terms of
x, for the selling price of each calculator. [1 mark]
(b) Cherryna sold the remaining calculators for RM30 each. Write down in terms of x, the total amount
of money she received for all the calculators. [2 marks]
(c) If Cherryna received RM920 altogether, show that 3x − 140 x + 1408 = 0 .
2
[2 marks]
(d) Find the number of calculators Cherryna bought. [2 marks]

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 6. The diagram shows two types of tiles bought by Mr Melvin, Riverwood and Riverstone, that are in
square shape.

RIVERWOOD RIVERSTONE
The length of the Riverstone tile is 2 cm more than the length of the Riverwood tile. Given the total
area of the two tiles is 340 cm2.
(a) Find the perimeter, in cm, of the Riverstone tile. [5 marks]
(b) What is the minimum number of Riverwood tiles needed to fill a square shape living room with a
perimeter of 484 cm? [2 marks]

7. A page with dimensions 18 cm × 25 cm has a border of uniform width x cm surrounding the printed
part of the page, as shown in the diagram.

(a) Write a formula for the area, L, in terms of x, of the printed part. [2 marks]
(b) State the domain and range of L. [2 marks]
(c) Find the margin (width of the border) that should be used to obtain an area of 348.75 cm2.
[3 marks]

8. The diagram shows the curve of the functions y = − x2 + 2 x + qx − 3 and y = −3( x − 2)2 + p that
intersect at two points at the x-axis.

Find
(a) the values of p and q, [4 marks]
(b) the maximum point of each curve. [3 marks]

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 9. A bookstore in Telipok town selling Mathematics workbooks has found out that when books are sold
at a price of RMq per book, the profit, RMU, as a function of the price, q is:
U (q) = 120q −10q 2
(a) Sketch the graph of U (q) = 120q −10q 2 . [4 marks]
(b) Hence, determine the price of a book that should be established in order to maximise profit, and
state the maximum profit. [2 marks]

10. Emily bought a 100 metres wire to fence her rectangular garden with x metres length, as shown in the
diagram.

(a) Show that the area, A = 50 x − x2 . [3 marks]

(b) Express the area in the form f ( x) = a( x + p)2 + q . [3 marks]

11. The diagram shows Gregory throws shot put. The thrown form a quadratic function y = f ( x) where
y is the height of the shot put and x is it horizontal distance.

Given that f ( x) = a( x − p)2 + q , based on the information in the given diagram.

(a) Find the values of a, p and q. [4 marks]
(b) Find
(i) the height of the shot put during it released from Gregory’s hand, [2 marks]
(ii) the horizontal distance of the shot put when it is at the same height as (b)(i) again. [1 mark]

12. The diagram shows a trapezium PQRS. Given that 5PS = 4QR and the area P (2x + 5) cm S
of the trapezium is 320 cm2.
(a) Form a quadratic equation which represents the area of the trapezium. (3x – 4) cm
(b) Find the value of x and give your answer in three decimal places.

Q R
13. The diagram shows a side elevation of the inner surface of a bowl which
1 2
has the function represented by f ( x) = x , such that x and y = f ( x)
25
measured in metres. Find the width and depth of the bowl, in metres.

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