Verse 1-3 Proof of monotheism & purpose of life.

Link of first 3 verses to last 2 verses.

Verse 4-11 Disbelievers' rejection of the truth with which
the Messenger was sent, and shows their
continued refutation of truth and mockery of
the divine signs (Books & Angels);
Verses 12-18 Argument against the polytheists regarding
Unity of God (at-tawḥīd) and Resurrection (al-
ma'ãd); the first two verses contain proof of
resurrection, and the remaining five discuss the
issue of at tawḥīd based on two types of
arguments
Verses 19-20 Argument on monotheism based on the path of
revelation
‘Those whom We have given the Book
recognize him as they recognize their sons’

Verses 21-32 Statement of injustices of polytheists in pure

fundamental beliefs, and that is monotheism,
belief in prophethood and resurrection.
Disbelief or corrupt belief in hereafter in
Makkan people as well as in present major
religions.
Verses 33-36 These verses intend to console the Holy
Prophet (ṣ.a.‘a.w.a.) against the offensive
accusations of the polytheists regarding his
mission, and to solace his soul with the promise
of definite victory, and to explain that the
religious call is based on human free will.
Verses 37-55 The verses offer multifarious arguments
against polytheists regarding monotheism and
the sign of prophethood.
 They are looking for a sign  Animal
kingdom
 Rejectors are dead & dumb (hypocrite /
disbelievers / leaders & their followers)
 The norm Allah uses in dealing with
the nations that came before Prophet
(sm)
 Claim of wealth to Prophets by the
disbelievers
 Proposal to neglect the poor
companions and sit with Meccan
nobles (Rejection by Allah)
 Wealth & power are trials  test who
are the grateful to Allah?
 Repentance
Verses 56-73 These verses are the closing arguments against
the polytheists in favor of monotheism and
other related themes of prophethood and
resurrection; and they form a single well-
connected narrative:

 Prohibition of worshipping idols

 Quran is the clear proof of messenger
ship
 Only Allah has the key of the unseen
 Sleep – calls back souls temporarily
 Death
 Allah is the swift reckoner
 Who rescues from the darkest times on
land and sea and any other distress?
But people associate others with Him
(by not being grateful)
 He can either punish or divide you into
discordant factions
 Turn away when people speak with
scorn about Quran until they change
topic
 Leave those who are deluded by the
worldly life. Yet remind them with
Quran.
 Creations are for a true purpose.

Verses 74-83 Arguments of Ibraheem (As) to his people

against the polytheism
Verses 84 - 90 Ibraheem’s story continues. God has always
preserved monotheism among people through
a continuous chain, with links that were
connected by God’s guidance.
Verses 91-105 Argument against the People of the Book
Against Polytheism
Lists of certain creations of Allah to reflect upon
Argument against His having children
Quranic message with different expressions
achieve many objectives
Verses 106 - 113
Monotheism
- Don’t abuse others’ gods, lest they
abuse Allah
They won’t believe at all (extreme case)
Enemy from the humankind and jinn against
the Prophets
Verses 114-121 Animals to eat and not eat

Verses 122-127 Actions of disbelievers have been decorated for

them
Chief evildoers in very city to plot their schemes

Verses 128-135 giving authority to devils over the disbelievers

unjust are far from salvation
Verses 136-150 rules pertaining to lawful foods.
Sacrificing children to gods
Against some practices
Verses 151-157 Closest Qur’anic approximation to the Ten
Commandments
Verses 158 - 160 Threaten the polytheists who refuse to follow
the straight path and diverge into factions;
Promise of rewards and punishment on the day
of judgement

Verses 161-165  Summarize the Prophet’s objective in

his mission as outlined in this chapter;
 state that he practices what he
preaches; and
 sum up the arguments in this chapter in
refutation of polytheism.