Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter concentrates on the discussion of the research method

and procedures adhered to by the researcher to answer systematically the

specific problems posed for investigation. Specifically, the research design,

population and sampling, data gathering procedure, research instrument,

statistical instrument, and statistical treatment used in this study.

Research Design

Descriptive research design was employed to gather necessary data

and reliable source of information from the library with the use of different

books, journals and the internet.

According to Shields (2013) the descriptive method in research design

is used to describe characteristics of population or phenomena being studied.

It does not answer questions about how, when, and why the characteristics

occurred. Rather it addresses “what” question. This method includes

observation, surveys, interview, analysis, collection and interpretation of data.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study were the selected Grade 12 students in

San Pedro Relocation Center Nation High School S.Y. 2022-2023. Out of the

total population of Grade 12 students, 150 students served as the

respondents of the study. They are the preferred respondents since they are
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the students being handled by the researcher on the subject of Introduction to

Philosophy.

Sampling Techniques

One hundred fifty (150) out of the total number of students in grade 12

were used as respondents for this study. The respondents of the study were

chosen using the approach of purposive sampling.

According to Jordan (2021), purposive sampling is a form of non-

probability sampling in which researchers rely on their own judgment when

choosing members of the population to participate in their surveys.

Research Procedure

The Effect of Using Nonlinguistic Representation to the Performance

of Students in Teaching Social Science
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Figure 4. Research Form of Procedure

Research Instrument

The following instruments were used in conducting the research.

Questionnaire. A Nonlinguistic Representation Questionnaire is a 25-

item checklist type questionnaire on how nonlinguistic representation is used

in teaching social science.

The rating scale with equivalent weight and interpretation is given

below.

Scale Description Weight Verbal Interpretation

5 Strongly Agree 4.20- 5.0 Very High

4 Agree 3.40- 4.19 High
3 Moderately Agree 2.60- 3.39 Moderately High
2 Disagree 1.8- 2.59 Low
1 Strongly Disagree 1.0- 1.79 Very Low

Teacher- made tests. These are the achievement tests that evaluated

the students’ performance on the topic “Intersubjectivity”. These also

compromise the pre-test and post-test.

The rating scale with equivalent weight and interpretation is given

below.

Score Interval Verbal Interpretation

8.00- 10.00 Outstanding

6.00-7.99 Very Satisfactory
4.00-5.99 Satisfactory
2.00-3.99 Fairly Satisfactory
0- 1.99 Did not meet expectation
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The following instruments were validated by Mr. Asher H. Pasco, the

EPS of Araling Panlipunan in San Pedro City Division.

Statistical Treatment

To determine the level of use of nonlinguistic representation in terms of

graphic organizers, physical models, mental images, illustrations/pictures,

kinesthetic activities, the statistical treatments used were the mean and
and

standard deviation.

To determine the level of student performance in pre-test and post-test

in terms of comprehension, analysis, application, synthesis, and evaluation,

the statistical treatments used were mean and standard deviation.

To determine whether the use of nonlinguistic representation has a

significant effect on the student performance in teaching Social Science to

selected Grade 12 students at San Pedro Relocation Center National High

School, the statistical treatment used was the T-test.