Our World 2E - AmE - L4 - Student Book

4
SECOND EDITION
Series Editors
Joan Kang Shin and
JoAnn (Jodi) Crandall
Authors
Kate Cory-Wright
and Sue Harmes
Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

Unit 1 All in Our Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Unit 2 Fresh Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Unit 3 Long Ago and Today. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Units 1–3 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Units 1–3 Extended Reading: Giant’s Causeway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
TR: 10.1
Let’s Talk!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Unit 4 Get Well Soon! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
This is our world. Boy!
Girl! Unit 5 My Favorites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Everybody’s got a song to sing.
Each boy and girl. I say, “Everybody move!” Unit 6 Wonders of the Sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
This is our world! I say, “Everybody stop!” Units 4–6 Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
I say “our.” You say “world.” Everybody, stop! Units 4–6 Extended Reading: Oceans of Plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Our! This is our world. Let’s Talk!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
World! Everybody’s got a song to sing. Unit 7 Good Idea! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Our! Each boy and girl. Unit 8 That’s Really Interesting! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
World! This is our world!
Unit 9 The Science of Fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
I say “boy.” You say “girl.”
Units 7–9 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Boy!
Girl! Units 7–9 Extended Reading: Leonardo da Vinci. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Let’s Talk!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Irregular Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Cutouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Stickers
Sugarloaf Mountain,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2 3
Scope and Sequence
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
All in Our Family Fresh Food Long Ago and Today Get Well Soon My Favorites Wonders of the Sea Good Idea! That’s Really The Science of Fun
p. 6 p. 22 p. 38 p. 60 p. 76 p. 92 p. 114 Interesting! p. 146
p. 130
The Humanities, Science, Science, Technology and The Humanities, Social Studies, Health, Science The Humanities, Language Arts, Science Science, Technology and Language Arts Science
Content Area
CONNECTION Social Studies Engineering Technology and Engineering Performing Arts, Visual Arts Engineering
• describe what you look like • talk about obligation • describe daily life in the • talk about health and illness • identify different types of • name and describe sea life • talk about inventions • t alk about your hobbies and • identify how you use force to
• compare people you know • describe how often you past and your life today • give advice entertainment • talk about how you can • talk about past habits interests move
• talk about your plans do something • talk about what the past • describe actions • compare people and activities protect the oceans • describe how to use an •g ive information about people • use The more . . . to describe
GOALS • write a journal entry • discuss and order food was like • write about cause and effect • t alk about your favorite • talk about future events invention you know cause and effect
Sc: 1 • write to express your opinion • compare the past with your people and things • write to describe how things • write facts and opinions about • t alk about gifts you’ve • understand and make
life now • give your opinion are different a favorite invention received definitions
• write unified paragraphs •d escribe and explain a hobby • write about cause and effect
bigger, cuter, different, faster, cabbage, cucumber, dig, begin, cell phone, chores, bandage, cast, cough, earache, actor, amazing, athlete, brave, creature, disappear, dolphin, battery, creativity, electricity, alone, avatar, collect, compete, backward, balance, connect,
friendlier, older, relatives, eggplant, green beans, grow, electric light, fire, learn, life, feel dizzy, first-aid kit, germ, cool, famous, funny, great, fish, layer, midnight, octopus, fail, idea, imagination, invent, cooperate, controller, creative, down, fall over, force, forward,
shorter, slower, smaller, hot peppers, lettuce, onion, make, sew, spend time, have a cold, have a fever, headache, handsome, movie, person, pollution, resource, sea sponge, invention, problem, solution, enjoy, musical group, point, friction, happen, pull, push, rub,
stronger, taller, uglier, younger pick, plant, pumpkin, ready, ripe, tell, things, town, video game, medicine, sneeze, stomachache, popular, pretty, talented, sea turtle, shark, squid, sunlight, succeed, try, useful, wheel score, screen, take photos, skater, spin, swing
water, weed, zucchini wash thermometer, tissue, toothache wonderful whale, zone together
Strategy: Antonyms Strategy: Using the Suffix –ful Strategy: Antonyms
Vocabulary 1 & 2 Strategy: Compound words Strategy: Homophones Strategy: Word parts Strategy: Categorizing words Strategy: Comparing sounds Strategy: Using Context
blond hair, curly hair, glasses, lift, move, put, turn, use away from, direction, gravity,
Sc: 2–4 /s/ and /∫/
straight hair, wavy hair every day, how often, on difficult, expensive, important, broken leg, bruise (n), burn (n), hobby, school subject, bug, comic book, dinosaur, lean, toward
Strategy: Imperatives for
(Friday), once (a month), three modern, old-fashioned cut (n), scratch (n) sport, TV show, writer biodegradable, garbage, oil spill, fossil, stuffed animal
Strategy: Memorization instructions Strategy: Comparing sounds
times (a week), twice (a year) overfishing, plastic
Strategy: Adjectives Strategy: Multiple meanings Strategy: Ranking preferences Strategy: Comparing sounds /æ/ and /^/
Strategy: Strategy: Suffix –able /ə/ and /ɛ/
Frequency words
Comparatives with -er Have to Contrast with but and instead Advice with should Superlatives with -est and Have to, must, can’t, and don’t Used to for past habits Describing people with who Cause and effect with double
Present progressive for future Would like Comparatives with more + Reflexive pronouns most Future with will and won’t You for general statements Direct and indirect objects comparatives
Grammar 1 & 2
Sc: 5–6 plans adjective Irregular comparatives and Definitions with which
superlatives
Where Do Your Eyes The Farms of the Future The World in the Palm of Why Do We Sneeze? Amazing Acrobats Colorful Corals Young and Creative Hide and Seek Up, Down, and All Around!
Come From? Are Here Your Hand Strategy: Identify sequence Strategy: Using visuals Strategy: Set a purpose for Strategy: Ask questions Strategy: Identify sequence Strategy: Understand cause
READING Strategy: Using visuals to Strategy: 5Ws and how Strategy: Using timelines of events reading of events and effect
support comprehension
Journal Entry Opinion Writing Paragraph Unity Cause and Effect Writing Reviews Contrast Writing Fact and Opinion Explanation Writing Cause and Effect Writing
Writing Focus: Use emotion words Focus: Identify positive and Focus: Identify topic sentence Focus: Describe what happens Focus: Write a book review Focus: Use words and Focus: Use facts to support Focus: Describe something Focus: Write cause and effect
negative points and supporting details and why expressions that show contrast opinions general
Understand the Appreciate local food. Appreciate the past. Be prepared. Find a role model. Protect the oceans. Use your imagination and Enjoy a hobby. Think creatively and
human family. National Geographic Explorer: National Geographic Explorer: National Geographic Explorer: National Geographic Explorer: National Geographic Explorer: creativity to solve problems. National Geographic Explorer: critically.
Mission
Sc: 9 National Geographic Explorer: Juan Martinez Stephen Ambrose Dr. Hayat Sindi Aparajita Datta Dr. Sylvia Earle National Geographic Explorer: Jørn Hurum National Geographic Explorer:
Spencer Wells Aydogan Ozcan Stephon Alexander
Project Class big book Plant cards Then and now poster First-aid kit Famous people class book Sea animal poster Superpower app A hobby presentation A thaumatrope
REVIEW Units 1–3 pp. 54–55 Units 4–6 pp. 108–109 Units 7–9 pp. 162–163
Giant's Oceans of Plastic: Leonardo da Vinci: The

extended reading Causeway pp. 56–57 Time for Action pp. 110–111 Greatest Inventor in History? pp. 164–165
Hello! p. 58 What’s wrong? p. 112 Wow, that’s cool! p. 166

let’s talk I agree! p. 59 I don’t understand. p. 113 What does that mean? p. 167
AdDITIONAL VIDEO Song: Sc. 7; Viewing Sc. 8; Storytime: Sc. 10; Wrap Up: Sc. 11
4 5
Unit 1
All in
Our
Family
In this unit, I will . . .
• describe what I look like.
• compare people I know.
• talk about my plans.
• write a journal entry.
Look and answer.

1. What is the girl holding?
2. Who are the other people
in the photo?
3. Where are the people?
4. Why is the boy laughing?
Write your answer below.
Bahrain
6 7
VOCABULARY 1
bigger
1 Listen and read. TR: 1.1 older
2 Listen and repeat. TR: 1.2

Does your family like big parties? Do your relatives come from far
and near to celebrate? Then it’s a type of party called a family reunion.
Families are all different. Some are big and some are small. Family
pets are different, too. Some pets are cuter than others. Some pets are younger
uglier than others, but their families still care for them. What makes smaller
the best pet for a family? One that’s smarter or one that’s friendlier?
faster
taller
slower
shorter
3 Discuss. Work with a partner.

What did you learn? How are
the people different?
Who is faster?
The girl is faster
stronger than the boy.
Kolkata, India
8 Unit 1 9
SONG
1 Listen, read, and sing. TR: 1.3
We’re All Different

CHORUS
I’m taller than you.
He’s taller than me.
We’re all different.
Yes, we’re different.
And I like being me!
My dad is shorter than your dad.
Your dad is younger than mine.
Our car is faster than their car.
Your car is faster than mine.
It goes fast.
CHORUS
My dog is smarter than his dog.
That dog is bigger than mine.
My dog is funnier than your dog.
It’s happy all the time.
CHORUS
2 Talk about you. Take turns

with a partner.
you / I
my dad / your dad
our car / your car
my dog / your dog
Your dad is tall ,
but my dad is taller . A portrait of cousins
10 Unit 1 11
GRAMMAR 1 3 Ask and answer. Work in a group. Take turns. How are
you and your relatives different?
Comparatives with -er TR: 1.4
My best friend is bigger than I am. I’m shorter than him, too.
My dog is friendlier than my sister’s cat. My dog is also cuter than her cat.
I am taller than my
cousin, and stronger, too. And I’m friendlier
1 Read. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the than my cousins.
word in parentheses.
1. My brother Mun-Hee is bigger (big) than I am.
2. My sister is (friendly) than my brother.
3. My Aunt Mae-Ran is (smart) than my uncle.
4. My grandmother is (short) than my mother.
5. My cousin Shin is (nice) than me.

4 Write. Now compare the people in your group. Use words from
2 Ask and answer. Work with a partner. Look at the picture. the box.
1. Which is smaller, the dog or the cat? old short small strong tall young
2. Which pet is older?
3. Which pet is stronger?
12 Unit 1 13
VOCABULARY 2 GRAMMAR 2
Present progressive for future plans TR: 1.7

1 Listen and repeat. Look at the pictures. Match. TR: 1.5
What are you doing on Saturday? I’m going to my family reunion.
What are they doing at 7:00? They’re having dinner with their
neighbors.
1 Read. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of

the word in parentheses.
1. What’s your Aunt Sonia preparing for the reunion on Saturday?

wavy hair blond hair
She (make) her famous chocolate cake.
2. Are you doing something special at the reunion?
glasses I (run) in the three-legged race, and
I (eat) lots of chocolate cake.
3. What are you doing for your grandmother’s birthday next week?
straight hair curly hair
I (give) her a card and a box of candy.
1. She looks just like her mother. a. But he wears glasses, and I don’t.
2. My cousin is really cute. b. They both have straight hair. 2 Play a game. Cut out the cards in the back of the book.
3. My cousins are very different. c. I love his wavy hair.
Play with a partner. Listen, talk, and act it out.
4. My brother has blue eyes like me. d. But they both have curly hair. Guess what I am
doing after lunch?
After lunch you’re
2 Listen and stick. Work with a partner. Talk about you. TR: 1.6 playing soccer.
He has brown hair. She wears glasses.

I have brown hair, too. I don’t!
1 2 3 4 5
14 Unit 1 15
READING 2 Read. Check T for True and F for False.
T F
1. Eye color is not a family trait.
1 Listen and read. TR: 1.8 T F
2. All people with black hair look alike.
Where Do Your Eyes Come From? 3. No one has the same combination of traits you have.
4. We get our traits from older family members.
T
T

F
F
The color of our eyes and our hair are family traits. How tall we
are, how big or small we are, and the shape of our face are all family
traits. We say that we inherit these traits from our parents. 3 Discuss. Work with a partner. Choose three traits. Who did you
Look around you. Many people have the same color eyes or color inherit these traits from?
of hair, but they all look different. It’s the special combination of all of
these common traits that makes you different from everyone else. No unattached shape of nose I have a long face. I inherited it from
other person has exactly the same combination of traits that you do. earlobe
my mother. Her face is very long.
shape of face
Are your earlobes attached to the side of your face? Or do they
hang free? This, too, is an inherited trait. eye color Blonds have more hairs on
How do you fold your hands? Do you cross your right thumb hair color their heads than people with
brown hair do.
over your left thumb? Or do you cross your left thumb over your
attached type of hair
right thumb? earlobe
It’s fun to look for these traits with your family and friends.
Try it! 4 Take a class survey. Survey your class. How do you
fold your hands? Who has attached earlobes? Record the
information on the bar graph.
right thumb
over left
thumb
INHERITED TRAITS
Students
EYE COLOR
most common
second most
common
crosses right crosses left attached unattached
rarest thumb over left thumb over right earlobes earlobes
16 Unit 1 17
WRITING MISSION
Journal Entry In a journal, you write about things that happen in your life and how
they make you feel. Understand the
1 Read. Read the journal entry. What emotions does the writer
human family.
describe? Underline the emotion words. Think. Pair. Share.
• I n what ways can

people in the same
September 4 family be different
Today was my first day in fourth grade. This year from each other?
I have a lot of new classmates. It’s nice to meet new
friends, but I was a little worried and scared at first. • A
re all the people
A girl with curly brown hair smiled at me. A boy with in the world one
black hair and glasses asked my name. All the kids in big family?
my class were friendlier than I expected. I started to
feel happier. My old friend Sam was there, too. Now he’s • W
hy is it
taller than me. But I think I’m smarter! He thinks fourth important to
grade is harder than third. But I think it’s more fun.
understand how
I’m happy to be back in class.
we are the same
and how we are
different?
2 Write. Write a journal entry about a day in your life. Describe things
that happened and how they made you feel.
3 Share. Share your writing. Work with a partner. Listen and These two girls, Marcia and
take notes. Millie, are twin sisters.
Name Event Emotions
Mai moved to new house surprised, happy “Everyone alive today descends from one woman
who lived in Africa around 180,000 years ago.”
Spencer Wells, Geneticist, National Geographic Explorer
18 Unit 1 19
PROJECT
Make a class big book on family features. Now I can . . .

describe what I look like.
1 Find a photo of your family. Then talk to your
family about physical characteristics you share. compare people I know.
• Who in your family has eyes like yours? talk about my plans.
• Who has hair like you? write a journal entry.
• Who has the same mouth as you?
• Who has the same nose as you?
2 Work in groups of four to make a big book page.
3 Divide the page into four parts. I get my brown eyes

from my dad.
4 Paste your picture in one of
the four parts.
5 Write the names of relatives

that you look like.
20 Unit 1 21
Unit 2
Fresh Food
• talk about obligation.
• describe how often I do something.
• discuss and order food.
• write to express my opinion.
Check T for True and F for False.

1. She’s eating a snack. T F
2. She’s eating fresh food. T

F
3. She’s eating fresh fruit. T

F
4. Do you want to eat this? Explain.
3D-printed food
22 23
VOCABULARY 1
1 Listen and read. TR: 2.1

Every week, people go to the supermarket to buy vegetables like green beans a pumpkin lettuce a cucumber
and cucumbers that come from big farms. Some supermarkets also sell fruit and
vegetables from small local farms. But most people think food from the garden is
fresher and tastes better than food from a supermarket.
Some lucky people have space to grow food in their own gardens. For example,
they grow carrots, onions, and cabbage. Many other people don’t have space at
home, but sometimes they work together to grow food in a community garden.
It’s easier than you think to grow vegetables. First you dig. Then you plant the
seeds. But remember to water the plants! And you have to weed the garden
cabbage hot peppers an onion
sometimes. When the vegetables are ripe, they’re ready to pick.
an eggplant green beans a zucchini
dig plant 3 Ask and answer. Work with a partner.

What did you learn?
Why do people grow

their own vegetables?
Because they
taste fresher!
water weed pick
24 Unit 2 25
SONG
Something’s
Growing
Pumpkin, lettuce, peppers, and beans.
Something’s growing, and it’s green.
CHORUS
Working in the garden!
Working in the sun!
Working in the garden is a lot of fun!
I have to water the garden.
I have to weed and dig.
I look after my garden.
Those weeds grow very big!
We can pick cabbage in the garden.
We can pick some green beans, too.
We can plant carrots in the garden.
I like to garden, don’t you? 2 Ask and answer. Work with
a partner.
CHORUS
Pumpkin, lettuce, peppers, and beans. 1. What are three things you
can pick?
2. What are two things that you
have to do in the garden?
26 Unit 2 27
GRAMMAR 1 3 Look and make sentences. Work with a partner. What do you
have to do?
Have to TR: 2.4
I have to water the vegetables I don’t have to buy any more seeds.
every day.
She has to plant the tomatoes She doesn’t have to weed today.
in a sunny place.
1 Underline the correct answer.
1. The tomatoes are ripe. She has to / doesn’t have to pick them.
4 Write. Describe five things you usually have to do at home or
2. I have to / don’t have to water the green beans when it rains.
at school.
3. My father has to / doesn’t have to weed the garden so the
vegetables can grow. In the morning, I .
4. Farmers have to / don’t have to use a lot of water for their plants. In the afternoon, I .
In the evening, I .
2 Read. Complete the sentences.
On weekends, I .
1. I plant these seeds this week.
2. My brother is stronger than me, so he dig. On Sunday, I .
3. Luisa weed the garden today. 5 Ask and answer. Work with a partner. Compare what you have to do.
4. My mom water the plants at home.
What do you have to
5. Farmers often buy new seeds. do in the morning?
6. He pick tomatoes this week.

I have to walk my little
brother to the bus stop.
28 Unit 2 29
1 Listen and say. Read and write about what you do. TR: 2.5 Would like TR: 2.6
What would you like for lunch? I’d like a bowl of vegetable soup.
How often do you. . . ?
S M T W T F S 1 Read. Complete the dialogue.

three
water
garden
water
garden
water
garden
go to
market
weed
garden times A: Welcome to Mario’s Café. What
would you like
eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit (a week)
take to order today?
water water water go to
garden garden garden market vegetables
to Sue once
eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit
(a month) B: I some pumpkin soup and zucchini bread.
water water water go to
garden garden garden market
eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit C: I some chicken and rice, please.
water water water go to weed twice
garden garden garden market garden (a month) D: I usually order pie, but today I some
eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit eat fruit
ice cream.
every day on (Fridays)
E: Oh, and we some bread, please!
1. do you eat fruit?
2. I eat fruit . 2 Play a game. Cut out the board game in the back of the book.
Take turns with a partner. Ask questions with How often . . .
3. Fridays, I go to the market and eat fruit. or What would you like . . .
Heads: Tails:
4. I take vegetables to Sue a month. Move Move
1 space. 2 spaces.
5. I weed the garden a month.
I’d like some fruit. I have fruit
6. I water the garden a week. What would you like
for breakfast every day!
for breakfast?
2 Ask and answer. Listen to your partner. Stick when you hear
one of the phrases. How often do you ride your bike?
I ride my bike twice a day.
1 2 3 4 5
30 Unit 2 31
READING 2 Read. Match to make sentences.
1. The indoor farm a. less water than on outdoor farms.
2. Farmers grow b. is in Miyagi, Japan.
THE FARMS OF THE FUTURE ARE HERE 3. The farm is c. grow lettuce on shelves.
4. Farmers d. 10,000 heads of lettuce a day.
How much space do you need to grow 10,000 heads of lettuce a
day? Not that much, surprisingly. In an indoor farm in Miyagi, Japan, 5. They use e. inside a building.
farmers grow that much lettuce every day. They grow it in a building
smaller than half a soccer field! 6. The lettuce f. grows a lot faster than on outdoor farms.
On this farm, farmers grow lettuce on shelves. The shelves can be

up to 15 levels high! Special LED lights help the lettuce plants grow 3 Read and discuss. Work in pairs. Check two good things about the
faster. In fact, the lettuce is ready to pick even sooner than on an indoor farm. Add two more.
outdoor farm. Another big advantage is that indoor farms don’t use
Farmers can grow more lettuce.
nearly as much water as outdoor farms.
On outdoor lettuce farms, there’s INDOOR 2,300 m2 Farmers have to use more water.
usually a lot of food waste. Some
Farm Facts (25,000 sq ft.)
There is a lot of food waste on the indoor farm.
plants are damaged or don’t look good,
It only uses 1% of the 17,500 Lettuce grows faster.
so farmers can’t sell them. Sometimes water an outdoor farm uses. LED LIGHTS
farmers have to throw away more than
30 percent of the lettuce they grow!
On this indoor farm, they throw
10,000 HEADS OF
LETTUCE A DAY
away less than three percent of the LETTUCE

2.5x
lettuce they grow. GROWS
2.5x FASTER THAN ON AN OUTDOOR FARM 4 Write questions. Imagine you’re interviewing the owner of an
indoor farm. Work in a small group to write five questions you’d like
to ask. Use some of the words in the box.
buy how other vegetables sell what when who why
Can you grow other vegetables on an indoor farm?

Miyagi, Japan
Who buys the lettuce from your farm?
32 Unit 2 33
WRITING MISSION
Opinion Writing In opinion writing, you say what you think about a topic. You
describe positive and negative points. You can use words and expressions that Appreciate local food.
introduce your opinion, for example, I think, in my opinion, and I believe.
1 Read. Underline positive points in blue and negative points in red. Jalapeño peppers
Fresh Food or Canned Food?

When you shop for food, you can buy fresh food or
canned food. Which is better? I think fresh food tastes
better. Fresh food is good for you. It does not have any
extra salt or sugar. But you have to wash it first because
sometimes it’s a little dirty.
There are some positive and negative things about
canned foods, too. In my opinion, canned food is more
Think. Pair. Share.
convenient because it lasts longer than fresh food. I believe
with canned food you can always have fruit and vegetables— • What local foods can you buy?
even in winter. But canned food usually has extra salt
or sugar, and I believe this is bad for you. I think fresh • Why is it important to
foods are better than canned foods. appreciate local food?
• How can you show you

2 Write. Express your opinion about food from supermarkets appreciate local food?
and food from local farms. Describe some positive points and
some negative points.
3 Share. Share your writing in a small group. Listen and take notes.
Write down the names and opinions of your classmates.
Name Positive Negative
“Learning how to grow jalapeños changed my life.”

Juan Martinez, Environmentalist, National Geographic Explorer
34 Unit 2 35
PROJECT
Now I can . . .
Make plant cards.
talk about obligation.
1 Research a plant you want describe how often I do
to grow. something.
2 reate a card that tells about it.

C discuss and order food.
Include a picture and text. write to express my opinion.
3 Present your plant card to

a group.
4 Tell why you think your class

should grow your plant.
5 Vote for plants to grow

in class.
Did you know that a tomato

is really a fruit?
36 Unit 2 37
Unit 3
Long Ago
and Today
• describe daily life in the past and our lives today.
• talk about what the past was like.
• compare the past with my life now.
• write unified paragraphs.
Look and circle.

1. This photo is
a. from the past. b. from the present.
2. They are riding
a. to school. b. to the market.
3. The boy is holding
a. a box. b. a computer.
4. Is your morning trip to school different
from this? In what ways?
Father and son biking to school, Uttar Pradesh, India
38 39
VOCABULARY 1 Ask and answer. Work with a partner.
What did you learn?
Why did people get
up with the sun?
How did people spend
time long ago? Their life They wanted to do their chores in the
daytime. They didn’t have electric lights.
was different from ours.
Then Now wash electric light
Now children still play with dolls and other toys. But instead
wash
of sitting by the fire to play with their toys, children and their
families can do many different things. They can watch TV, use
their cell phones, and play video games. There are a lot of other
Long ago, most people had to begin their day when the sun free time activities to choose from, too.
came up. There were no electric lights, so they had to do their
chores during the daylight. Many children didn’t go to school.
They stayed at home to learn with their parents. Mothers taught
their daughters to cook, wash the dishes, make soap, and sew
clothes. Fathers taught their sons to make useful things for the
house or garden, or to sell at the market in town.
Seventeenth-century reenactment,
Long ago, families used candles or sat by the fire in the evening. Plimoth Plantation, Massachusetts, USA
They liked to play games, sing songs, or tell stories. Some
children had dolls or other toys to play with.
fire
40 Unit 3 41
SONG
Yesterday and
Today
CHORUS
Things were different long ago,

different in so many ways.
Things were different long ago,
different from today.
Long ago, children walked to school,
but today I ride my bike.
Long ago, we learned to sew our own clothes,
but now we buy the clothes we like.
CHORUS
We used to read by candles at night.
But now we read by electric light.
We used to talk only face-to-face.
Now we use a cell phone to call a different place.
CHORUS
People spent time with friends by the fire.
Instead, now we play video games.
But a friend is still a friend until the end.
Some things will never change!
CHORUS
2 Ask and answer. Work with a partner.

1. How do you get to school? How did your
parents get to school?
2. What do you do on the weekend? What
did your parents do on the weekend when Vienna, Austria
they were your age?
42 Unit 3 43
GRAMMAR 1 3 Write. Complete the chart. Write what is true today.
Then share with a partner.
Contrast with but and instead TR: 3.4
Long ago, people had fireplaces. Today
Long ago, children walked to school, but today many children ride their bikes.
some people have fireplaces, too.
Many years ago people didn’t have TV. They told stories instead.
1 Complete the sentences. Long Ago Today
1. Long ago mothers and daughters sewed clothes at home. Today we People had fireplaces. We have fireplaces.
buy clothes in stores .
People made their own soap. We buy soap in a store.
2. Many years ago people couldn’t play video games,
they played some fun board games. People walked everywhere.
3. Long ago people didn’t have computers. They wrote

People played board games.
letters .
People read by candlelight.
4. Many years ago people didn’t have cars,
some people had horses. People sewed their own

clothes.
2 Read and write. Complete the dialogue.

Grandma: Years ago we didn’t have cell phones,
4 Talk. Work in a group. Talk about your life and an older
. (but / a big red telephone)
family member's life. How are they different?
Ella: That’s cool. Did you play video games?
My grandmother washed clothes by hand,
but I use a washing machine instead!
Grandma: No. We . (play with toys /
instead) I liked to play with my dolls.
Ella: I don’t have any dolls, .

(but / a lot of puppets) Do you want to see my puppet theater? Or do you want
to ? (play a board game / instead)
44 Unit 3 45
Comparatives with more + adjective TR: 3.6

1 Listen and say. Then read. Check T for True or F for False. TR: 3.5
Life was more difficult back then.
€
modern difficult expensive That cell phone is more expensive than this one.
$ 1 Complete the sentences.
1. I think riding a skateboard is (difficult)
¥ riding a bike.
2. Getting exercise is (important) watching TV all day.

old-fashioned
3. Video games are (expensive) board games.
4. Board games are (old-fashioned) video games,

but they’re fun to play.
important 5. Our new house is (modern) our old one.
T F
1. Video games are modern toys.
2. Parents say that cleaning your room is an important chore. T

F 2 Play a game. Cut out the game board in the back of the book.
T F
Play with a partner. Make sentences about the pictures.
3. A pencil eraser is expensive.
T F Heads: Tails:
4. Typewriters are old-fashioned.
Move Move
5. This sentence isn’t difficult. T
F This phone is more old-
1 space. 2 spaces.
fashioned than this one.
2 Talk and stick. Work with a partner.

Look at this. What do you think?
It’s very expensive.
My turn!
1 2 3 4 5
46 Unit 3 47
READING 2 Complete the sentences.
1. The candlestick had a mouthpiece attached to the

1 Listen and read. TR: 3.7 candlestick phone
of a stand.
The World in the 2. The rotary phone was to use with one
Palm of Your Hand hand than the candlestick.
3. The first portable phone was about the same size as a

One of the first telephones was the “candlestick.” It had rotary phone
a mouthpiece attached to the top of a stand and a separate .
speaker that the user of the phone held next to their ear.
4. The batteries in clamshell phones lasted .
The rotary telephone came next. It had the mouthpiece
and speaker combined in one handset. People dialed the
number by spinning the rotary dial on the front of the phone. 3 Complete the timeline. Read the text again. What did each
Later, people used a new kind of phone that had buttons phone have? Match the features with the phones.
instead of a rotary dial. It was much easier and faster to dial push-button phone
numbers. big buttons a large touchscreen a spinning dial a tall stand a tiny screen
The next development was the portable, or mobile,
phone. The first mobile phone was about the same size as a
brick. It was almost as heavy as a brick as well! It weighed candlestick push-button smartphone
over 1 kilogram (about 2 lbs.). The battery only lasted about 1890s 1940s 1960s  1993 
30 minutes and took ten hours to charge.

portable phone
The next kind of mobile phone was called the “clamshell” rotary clamshell
1940s 1960s 1980s 
because it opened and closed like a clam shell. Clamshell
phones were very small and light. The batteries also lasted
all day and charged quickly.
The smartphone came next. Instead of a tiny screen
4 Ask and answer. Work with a partner. Talk about smartphones.
and tiny buttons, it had a large touchscreen, so you could
control it with just your finger. Smartphones became very clamshell phone 1. Are smartphones now just for grown-ups or for children, too?
popular. Now just about everyone enjoys them!
2. Do you have a favorite app? When and how do you use it?
3. Do you think people use smartphones too much? Why or why not?
More than 4 billion people own mobile phones,

smartphone but only 3.5 billion use a toothbrush.
48 Unit 3 49
WRITING MISSION
Paragraph Unity In a paragraph, the topic sentence tells the main idea. The other
sentences that make up the body give facts and examples about the main idea. A Appreciate the past.
paragraph has unity when all the sentences refer to the main idea.
Think. Pair. Share.

1 Read. This text has five sentences that do not belong. Two are
crossed out. Find the other three and cross them out. • How can you find out more
about the past? What places can
How Video Games Began you visit? Who can you talk to?
Sixty years ago, the first computer games were made. Back then, people
didn’t have computers in their homes. We have a laptop. Computers were huge • Why is it important to appreciate
and very expensive. Those early computers played games such as tic-tac-toe or the past?
checkers. My favorite video game is about robots.
Then in the 1960s, an engineer named Ralph Baer had an idea. Most homes • What can you and other kids
had TVs. My dad bought us a new TV last week. Ralph Baer made his first do to show how you appreciate
‘Brown Box’ that let users play different games on their the past?
TVs. After that, many new games were invented. Some of
the games were slow and not very interesting, but others
became very popular. My mom lets me play video games
for one hour each evening. Easter Island, Chile
In the 1980s, families began to buy computers. These
computers could play games, too. I sometimes do my
homework on the laptop. Today, millions of people play
video games on their TVs and computers.
2 Write. Write about life long ago. What did children do after school?
What kinds of work did they do? What were their houses or clothes
like? Choose a topic. Make sure your paragraphs have unity.
3 Share. Share your writing in a small group. Listen and take notes
about your classmates’ paragraphs.
“The past is a source of knowledge, and the future
Do paragraphs is a source of hope. Love of the past implies faith
Name Main idea
have unity?
in the future. ”
Stephen Ambrose (1936−2002), Historian, National Geographic Explorer
50 Unit 3 51
PROJECT
Make a poster about life in the past

and life now.
1 Choose a topic such as clothing, toys,

sports, food, homes, or games.
2 Research information about your topic

in the past and now.
3 Compare and contrast details related

to your topic.
4 Cut out or draw pictures to support

your writing.
5 Create a poster with your Kites are my favorite toy.

pictures and information. But they weren’t always toys!
6 Sign your poster.
Now I can . . .
describe daily life in the past and our
lives today.
talk about what the past was like.
compare the past with my life now.
write unified paragraphs.
52 Unit 3 53
Review 4 Ask and answer questions. Work in groups of three.
Take turns. Take notes.
1. How many brothers and sisters do you have?
1 Listen. How did this family live? Listen and draw lines from 2. Would you like another brother or sister?
column A to B. TR: 3.8 3. Who is your favorite relative? Why?
4. Do most people in your family have straight, curly, or wavy hair?
A B C 5. Who wears glasses in your family?
6. What is your family doing next weekend?
We sewed clothes often.
I washed the clothes every day.

5 Talk. Work in groups of three. Compare your information.
I’d like a baby sister. Me, too! No way! I don’t want a baby sister or brother!
My mom and my sisters began the day at 5 a.m. twice a day.
6 Look and read. Read the sentences. Circle which clock

My dad made the fire sometimes.
each sentence is about.
My grandma told funny stories on the weekend. a b c d
My grandpa grew vegetables once a week.
€14.50 €19.90 €40.00 €45.00

1. This clock is for younger children. It’s smaller than the other
2 Listen again. How often did the family members do clock for children. a b c d
each activity? Draw lines from column B to C. TR: 3.9 2. It is more modern than the other adult clock. a b c d
3. This one is good for children. It’s more expensive than the
other children’s clock. a b c d
3 Talk to a partner. Compare life in that family with your
4. It is more old-fashioned than the other clocks. It’s taller, too. a b c d
life today. How is it different?
5. It is very cute. It’s cheaper than the red clock. a b c d
How is life different

in your family? That family began the day at 5 a.m., 7 Write. Compare two of the clocks. Use five words from the box.
but in my family we get up at 6 a.m.
big cute expensive funny interesting
We do, too. But on modern old old-fashioned small ugly
Saturday and Sunday
we get up much later! My mom would like one of these clocks for her birthday. In some
ways I think she’d like clock c more than clock d because . . .
54 Review Units 1–3 55
EXTENDED READING
2 Check T for True and F for False.
1. Benandonner and Finn McCool fight every day. T F
GIANT’S Causeway “Help!” he said. “Benandonner

is coming!”
2. Benandonner makes the causeway from Scotland to Ireland. T F
“Don’t worry,” said Oonagh. “Look!” 3. Oonagh makes a plan to help Finn. T F
“Hey, you! I don’t like you.
Come and fight me!” In the bedroom, there was an 4. Benandonner thinks that Oonagh and Finn’s baby is cute. T F
Finn McCool looked across the sea. enormous baby’s bed.

It was Benandonner. “Get in!” said Oonagh. She put a 3 Read. Discuss the questions. Work in a small group.
“No one fights me. I’m very strong,” blanket over Finn and a baby’s hat on
his head. 1. W
hy is Oonagh worried?
Finn shouted back.
BOOM, BOOM, BOOM, went the 2. Who is braver, Finn or Oonagh? Why?
The two giants were not friends.
Finn McCool lived in Ireland. door. Oonagh opened it. 3. Why is Benandonner surprised?
Benandonner lived across the water “Where is your husband?” 4. How do you think Oonagh feels when Benandonner runs away?
in Scotland. Every day they argued. Benandonner roared.
“I’m stronger than you,” said Oonagh smiled. “He’s not here. 4 Express yourself. Choose an activity.
Benandonner. “I’m braver, too.” Come in and wait.”
Finn McCool wanted to fight. 1. W
hich character in the story do you like best? Design a costume
Inside Benandonner looked for Finn.
He had an idea. He picked up huge for an actor playing that character. Draw, paint, or make a collage of
rocks and threw them into the water. “Come and see our baby son,” your costume design. Label your design.
He made a path, or causeway, over Oonagh said. “He’s so cute.”
2. W
rite a different ending for the story. In a group of three, act out the
the water, and began to walk across. Benandonner looked at the story with your ending.
Finn’s wife, Oonagh, saw him. baby’s bed.
She was worried. 3. Draw the story as a comic strip. Use pictures and speech bubbles.
“WAAH! WAAH!” cried the baby,
Soon Finn was worried, too. very loudly.
Close up he saw that Benandonner Benandonner stopped in surprise.
was much, much bigger than him. Finn’s baby was enormous. So how
Finn didn’t want to fight now. big was Finn? Scared, Benandonner
He turned and ran home. ran out of the house and across
the causeway to Scotland, never
Finn ran into his house. to return.
Giant’s Causeway, Northern Ireland
56 Extended Reading 57

Let’s Talk I agree!
I will . . .
• ask for other people’s opinions.
• agree and disagree.
• make generalizations.
Hello!
I will . . . Cho: What do you think about making a poster?
• greet people (formally and informally).
• say thank you (formally and informally). Jong: I think that’s a great idea.
Mun-Hee: I agree. Posters are fun.
Jin: Really? I disagree. Everybody makes posters!
1 Listen and read. TR: 3.11 Hyo: I think so, too.
Sofia: Hello, Mrs. Gomez. How are you?
Mrs. Gomez: I’m very well, thank you, Sofia. I agree.
I agree with (Jong). I think so, too.
Please come in. Great idea!
What do you think (about) ?
Sofia: Thank you.
I disagree. Everybody makes
.
Sofia: Hi, Carla! What’s up?
Carla: Not much. Hey, do you want a soda? Not again! Let’s do Surveys are cool.
something else.
Sofia: Sure! Thanks. Let’s do a (report). What do you think?
Really? I don’t think so. Reports are boring.

Hello. How are you? I’m very well, thank you.
Good morning. How are you today? I’m fine, thanks.
Good afternoon. 4 Listen. You will hear two discussions. Read each question
Good evening.
and circle the answer. TR: 3.13
Hi! What’s up? Not much. 1. How many students want to do a survey?
Hi there! What are you doing? Nothing. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3
Hey! How’re you doing? Fine.
How’s it going? I’m cool. / I’m good. 2. How many students want to write a report?
Not bad. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3
5 Prepare and practice discussions. Work in groups of four.

2 Talk to a partner. Greet each other. Use the chart. Take turns.
• Preparing a talk about dinosaurs
• Making a poster about vegetables
• Doing a survey about chores
58 Let’s Talk 59
Unit 4
Get Well Soon!

• talk about health and illness.
• give advice.
• describe actions.
• write about cause and effect.
Look and answer.

1. What’s the matter with her?
She has .
4 a cold
4 a broken arm
4 a headache
2. How do you think she feels?
4 It hurts a lot.
4 It hurts, but she feels fine.
4 Better than ever.
3. Write a speech bubble for this girl.
60 61
VOCABULARY 1
2 Listen and repeat. TR: 4.2 a thermometer

cough
Germs aren’t the only things that can make you feel bad. You may
get an earache, a headache, a stomachache, or a toothache.
have a fever have a cold feel dizzy
It’s a good idea to have a first-aid kit. That’s a good place to keep a
thermometer. So, if you have a fever, you know where to find it.
That’s also a good place to keep bandages, medicine, and scissors.
a tissue
sneeze
medicine
a stomachache a headache
a cast
a bandage
a first-aid kit

What did you learn?
a toothache an earache
What’s the matter She has a fever.
with her?
a germ
62 Unit 4 63
SONG
Get Well Soon Medellin, Colombia
Take care of yourself. You know what to do.

Exercise a lot and eat the right food.
But once in a while, when you don’t feel well,
here are some things that you should do.
If you have a stomachache,

you should tell your mother.
If you have a broken arm,
you should see the doctor.
If you have a toothache,
you shouldn’t eat sweets.
Go to the dentist and stay away
from treats.
CHORUS
If you get a scratch from climbing a tree,
a first-aid kit will help you to take care
of your knee.
If you have a headache, you can stay in bed
or you can take some pills
to help your aching head.
Take care of yourself. You know what to do.
Exercise a lot and eat the right food.
But once in a while, when you don’t feel well,
take care of yourself and get well soon!
2 Write the problems and the solutions.

Work with a partner.
Problems Solutions
stomachache tell your mother
64 Unit 4 65
GRAMMAR 1 3 Read and write. Write some advice for this family.
Advice with should TR: 4.4 1 2

I have a bad toothache. What should I do?
You shouldn’t wait any longer. Your mom should take you to the dentist.
1 Circle the correct answers.
1. He has a stomachache. He should / shouldn’t eat right now. Stay home. Go to the dentist.
Don’t go to school. Don’t eat so much candy.
2. You should / shouldn’t take your medicine if you are sick.
3 4
3. She has a toothache. She should / shouldn’t go to the dentist.
4. He has a cast on his arm. He should / shouldn’t play soccer.
5. There aren’t any bandages in the first-aid kit. We should / shouldn’t

buy some. Don’t cough on other people. Lie down.
Cover your mouth. Don’t drive your car.
2 Read. Complete the sentences. 1. The boy has a fever. He should stay home. He shouldn’t go to school.
1. If you have a headache, you (not/eat) any 2.
more ice cream.
3.
2. He has a fever. He (not/go) to school.
4.
3. She feels dizzy. She (sit) down.
4 Act out an illness. Guess and give advice.
4. When you have a cold, you (not/sneeze) on people.
Work in a group and take turns.
5. What you (do) when Achoo! You have a cold. You Ugh! You should
you have a toothache? shouldn’t sneeze near me! use some tissues!
6. You (exercise) an hour

every day.
66 Unit 4 67
1 Listen and repeat. Read and circle the letter. TR: 4.5 Reflexive pronouns TR: 4.7 a cut to cut
a burn to burn
Ouch! I cut myself.
Be careful. Don’t hurt yourself.
a burn My brother burned himself on the stove. He shouldn’t cook by himself.
Look at that bandage. Did she hurt herself?
1 Read and write. Complete the sentences.

a broken leg a scratch
1. Last week I ran with scissors and I fell. I cut .
2. When my sister touched the stove, she burned
. It was terrible.
3. If you scratch , you should put on a bandage.
a bruise a cut 4. My brother didn’t listen to me, and he hurt .

1. Why is your leg in a cast? a. I have a broken leg. b. I have a bruise.
2. Is that a burn? a. Yes, I have a headache. b. Yes, I touched the stove! 2 Play a game. Cut out the cards in the back of the book.
3. I have a scratch. What should I do? Listen. Glue the cards. TR: 4.8
a. You should put a bandage on it. b. You should go to the dentist.
1 2 3
4. What an ugly bruise. What happened to her?
a. She had a bike accident. b. She ate too much chocolate.
5. How did you get that cut?
a. I ran with scissors. Bad idea! b. I ate too much ice cream. Bad idea!
2 Listen. Work with a partner. Talk and stick. TR: 4.6
What happened on Monday?
4 5
His brother got a cut on his finger.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

6 7 8
68 Unit 4 69
READING 2 Read. Check T for True and F for False.
T F
1 Listen and read. TR: 4.9 1. Sneezing sends germs out of your nose.
Why Do We Sneeze?
T F
2. The sneeze center is in your brain.
T F
3. People always sneeze because they have a cold.
Aaaaa . . . choo! When you have a cold, you often
T F
sneeze. Why? Because germs make a home in your nose, 4. We get colds from our parents. They are inherited.
and they tickle you! Sneezing is your body’s way of sending
germs out of your nose. Many animals sneeze, too! 3 Read. Read the text again. Put the sentences in order.
What happens? Your nose doesn’t like the germs, so
it sends a message to a part of your brain called the A sneeze from one person 1 Your nose tickles.
“sneeze center.” The sneeze center sends a message to on the subway can reach
about 150 other people. The germs go out of your nose.
your muscles. Then all your muscles push hard. Even
your eyes push. That’s why you close your eyes when you
Your nose sends a message to the sneeze center in the brain.
sneeze. You should have a tissue ready because the sneeze
happens very quickly. A sneeze can travel as fast as a car! Your muscles push hard.
Some people sneeze when they don’t have a cold. It Your brain tells your muscles to stop the tickle.
happens when they go out into the sunshine. They are
called “photic sneezers.” Photic sneezing is an inherited
trait. It comes from one of your parents. Do you know
anyone who sneezes because of the sun?
4 Ask and answer. Ask questions How many people
and take notes. Take turns with can a sneeze reach? It can reach
a partner. 150 people.
Sneezing
Why?
Who?
How?
germs Iguanas sneeze

How fast?
more than any
other animal!
How many people?
70 Unit 4 71
WRITING MISSION
Cause and Effect Writing In cause and effect, you explain what happens and why.
You use words like because, that’s why, and that’s because to show cause and effect. Be prepared.
Think. Pair. Share.
1 Read. Circle the words and expressions that show cause and effect. Anhui Province, China
•W
hat are the main causes of
illness and accidents?
Ice Cream Headaches
Do you ever get a headache when you eat ice cream? Many •H
ow can we be prepared for
people do. Why? Scientists aren’t quite sure. But they illness and accidents?
think it’s because your body doesn’t like getting cold. The
• Which people can help us?
ice cream touches the roof of your mouth. Help! It’s very
cold! Warm blood travels quickly to your head because
your brain must keep warm. This gives you a headache.
So that’s why you get ice cream headaches. But they
aren’t serious, and they don’t last long. They are easy
to prevent, too. Keep cold food and drink away from the
roof of your mouth. Put the ice cream in the front of
your mouth first. You should also eat or drink slowly, a
little bit at a time.
2 Write. Choose one of the problems below. Write what happens

and why. Use words and expressions to explain the reasons.
• Screen time before bed: Is it bad for you?
• Energy drinks: Are they bad for you?
• Giving up junk food: Why is it hard?
“My mission is to find simple, inexpensive ways to
Name Topic Cause Effect check on the health of people in distant places and
difficult conditions.”
Aran Screen time Bright light Less sleep
from screen Dr. Hayat Sindi, UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador for Sciences,
National Geographic Explorer
72 Unit 4 73
PROJECT
Make a first-aid kit for your family.
1 Research what you need in a first-aid kit.
2 Make a list of what you need.
3 Make a kit.
a. Find a lunchbox (or other strong box).
Decorate it.
b. Put all items and supplies in it.
4 Write down some important telephone

numbers. Put them inside the box.
Add the numbers to your cell phone.
A first-aid kit should have bandages.

I packed bandages for cuts.
Now I can . . .
talk about health and illness.
give
describe
advice.
actions.
describe
give advice.
actions.
write
talk about
aboutcause
causeand
andeffect.
effect.
74 Unit 4 75
Unit 5
My Favorites
• identify different types of entertainment.
• compare people and activities.
• talk about my favorite people and things.
• give my opinion.

1. Everyone looks happy. T F
2. Some people look scared. T F
3. They are riding a

roller coaster. T F
4. Is it sometimes fun to feel scared?
Explain.
Genting, Pahang, Malaysia
76 77
VOCABULARY 1 In 1937 there was a movie of the fairy tale Snow White and
the Seven Dwarfs. Many people enjoyed it. Other movies
based on fairy tales followed. Famous actors enjoyed
1 Listen and read. TR: 5.1 speaking characters’ lines. Many of these movies have the
same kinds of characters. Often, there’s a princess and a
2 Listen and repeat. TR: 5.2 prince. The princess is usually pretty and the prince is usually
handsome and brave. There’s always a happy ending.
Think about your favorite fairy tale. It’s probably
a wonderful story, but do you know where it came from? But times have changed. Now authors are rewriting the
traditional tales with a twist. The characters in these
The first fairy tales were not written down. One person simply new stories surprise us. Maybe the princess isn’t pretty,
told a story to other people. Then they told it to others. In 1812 but she’s smart, funny, and cool. Is she looking for a
the talented brothers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm wrote a book prince? No! She wants to do amazing things. She rides a
of the old fairy tales. They called their book Children’s Tales. But motorbike, or she’s a great athlete, perhaps.
some readers weren’t happy. The stories were too scary for children!
Both types of stories—traditional and modern—are great.
So, later on the Grimm brothers wrote a different book. The stories Which do you prefer?
were exciting, but not scary. It was very popular. After that many
other writers in different countries wrote down fairy tales.
3 Ask and answer. Talk
about the stories you like
with a partner.
I like traditional stories.

They’re exciting!
What kind of stories

do you enjoy?
78 Unit 5 79
SONG
You’re the Best

How do I know what I’ll want one day?
How do I know what I’ll be?
Who can help me to find my way
and show me how to be a better me?
I really like to play soccer.

One day I could be great!
I’ll learn from my favorite athletes:
work hard, practice, and wait!
Some days I dream of fans and fame
in movies and on TV.
I study the moves of my favorite actors.
I’ll be just like them, you’ll see!
CHORUS
I really love the natural world:

jungles, mountains, and caves.
Like my favorite explorers,
I’ll go on adventures for days and days!
I read the most talented writers,
and dream about writing a book.
I’ll work very hard in school.
Becoming a writer would be so cool!
CHORUS
2 Write and share.

1. Work with a partner. Choose two
professions from the song. Make a list of
three cool things about each profession.
2. Share your lists with a small group. Are
they the same or different?
Stephens Gap Cave, Alabama, USA
80 Unit 5 81
GRAMMAR 1 3 Ask and answer. Work with a partner. Complete the chart.
Take turns. Who is the coolest TV star?
Superlatives with -est and most TR: 5.4
I think Beauty and the Beast is the greatest fairy tale ever.
J.K. Rowling is the most talented writer I know. Questions Me My partner
In your opinion, what’s the funniest movie of all?
1. w
ho / talented /
singer
1 Read. Complete the questions.
1. Who is in the world? (amazing / singer) 2. who / cool /

TV star
2. In your opinion, who is ? (cool / athlete)
3. In your opinion, what is ? (pretty / flower) 3. what / interesting /

video game
4. What is you watch? (interesting / TV show)
4. w
ho / amazing /
5. What is of all? (funny / movie) actor
6. In your opinion, who is ? (talented / TV star)

5. w
hat / funny /
movie
2 Look at the pictures. Write sentences.
6. w
ho / great /
athlete
1. big
The red car is bigger than the green car, but the blue car is the biggest!
4 Ask and answer. Work in a small group. Compare your opinions.
Decide who or what is the group’s favorite.
2. beautiful Who is the most talented singer?
Pavarotti.
3. cool
Are you kidding? He’s the
Who’s he? greatest opera singer ever!
82 Unit 5 83
1 Listen and repeat. Then read and match. TR: 5.5 Irregular comparatives and superlatives TR: 5.6
I’m good at music. I’m better than my friend at sports. And I’m the best
in our class in English!
A cough is bad. A cold is worse. But a fever is the worst!
1 Complete the sentences.
a hobby a school subject 1. Many video games are because they’re boring.
But “Minecraft” is than other games because it’s
cooler. You get to build your own world. thing is
that you decide how you want to play the game.
part is when your enemies try to knock down your buildings. It’s scary!
a TV show a sport a writer

2. I love soccer. It is free time activity of all! It’s
1. What’s your favorite sport? a. I like playing sports and going out much than TV because you go out and have fun.
2. My parents watch a lot of boring with my friends.
TV shows! b. Well, I like tennis. But I think soccer I think TV is for your health because you don’t
3. Which country is that is the best.
get any exercise. And video games are than TV
writer from? c. I don’t have one. I like all my school
subjects. because you don’t learn anything!
4. What are your favorite hobbies?
5. What’s your favorite d. She’s from India. She’s very talented.
school subject? e. My parents do, too! 2 Play a game. Cut out the
What’s the best The Minecraft video
cards in the back of the video game? game is the best.
2 Stick and talk. Take turns with a partner.
book. Play with a partner.
I put sports first. I love soccer!
I put sports last! I don’t like them.
1 2 3 4 5
84 Unit 5 85
READING 2 Read and write.
1. In what ancient societies were jugglers and acrobats popular?
AMAZING ACROBATS 2. How old are many children when they start to learn acrobatics?
Many acts we see in circuses today have roots
in ancient societies. Jugglers and acrobats were
popular in ancient Egypt and China. Today 3. How long do acrobats have to practice to learn some acts?
Chinese circuses are more popular, more colorful,
and more exciting than ever.
Most Chinese acrobats join the circus when 4. What things do acrobats juggle?
they are six years old, and they can spend ten
years practicing just one of these acts!
a. Juggling: Acrobats use their feet to juggle things. They juggle
tables, chairs, umbrellas, plates, and even people! 3 Read. Label the pictures a–e.
b. Cycling: In this act, acrobats use “monocycles” (bicycles with one
wheel). The most famous act is the “bird.”
c. Tight-wire: This act is about 2,000 years old. Brave acrobats walk,
cycle, or jump on a wire that is high in the air.
d. Pole-climbing: This act is about 1,000 years old. Athletes climb up
bird
poles, jump from one pole to the other, and balance on the poles.
e. Plate-spinning: The acrobat holds a pole with a plate on it. The
plates spin fast. The acrobat dances, jumps, or stands on one arm.
4 Talk and write. Compare your opinions in a group. Write your
group’s decision in each box.
Don’t miss Chinese acrobats. They’re the best!
Acrobat Tricks
Most difficult Easiest Coolest Group favorite
Some Chinese acrobats called

“gastriloquists” make the sound of
birds, animals, crying babies, or
machines while they do their acts.
I think juggling is the most difficult.
No way! Tight-wire is much more difficult.

86 Unit 5 87
WRITING MISSION
Reviews When you write a review, you tell the reader about a story and give
your opinions. Use words like in my opinion, I think, and I believe. Use descriptive Find a role model.
words like interesting, exciting, and boring. When you give your opinions, you
can give a reason, too.
Think. Pair. Share.
1 Read. Read the book review. How does the writer express her •T
hink about a person who
opinion? Underline the words and expressions. inspires you. Why is he or
she special?
This wonderful book is called Cliffhanger. It’s by
Jacqueline Wilson. In my opinion, she is one of the best •D
o you want to be like
writers in the world. this person? Why?
Cliffhanger is about a boy called Tim. He likes TV
•W
hich role models are
shows and puzzles. He’s very smart, and he’s the best
student in most school subjects. But he’s the worst the most interesting?
student at sports!
When Tim’s parents send him to a sports camp, he’s
unhappy. He hates sports. Then one day he has a smart
idea on how to win the game, and he helps his team win! After that
he’s the most popular person at camp. He doesn’t want to leave!
I loved this book. I think Jacqueline Wilson helps us remember
Bahrain
some important things. First we’re all different. Second you
shouldn’t feel bad if you’re not handsome or popular because
everyone is talented in some way. Finally keep trying!
2 Write. Write about a book or movie. Tell the story and say
why you liked it.
Name Book or movie Why he or she liked it “When I was a young girl, I always wanted to be working
with wildlife. But it’s only because I had really great science
Julie Sleeping Beauty Great songs and a
happy ending.
teachers in school who gave me that interest in biology. ”
Aparajita Datta, Wildlife Biologist, National Geographic Explorer
88 Unit 5 89
PROJECT
Make a class book about famous people.
1 Think about who your favorite famous person is.

• What does he or she do? Why is he or she famous?
• What do you like about him or her?
2 Research some information about your favorite person.
33. Make a page for the class book.

• Glue a picture.
• Write a summary about your favorite person.
My favorite person
is J. K. Rowling.
Now I can . . .
talk about different types of
entertainment.
compare people and activities.
talk about my favorite people
and things.
write to give my opinion.
90 Unit 5 91
Unit 6
Wonders
of the Sea
• name and describe sea life.
• talk about how we can protect the oceans.
• talk about future events.
• write to describe how things are different.

1. The seal is underwater. T F
2. The seal is behind the seaweed. T F
3. Seaweed grows in the ocean. T F
4. Write a caption for this photo.
A harbor seal, California, USA
92 93
VOCABULARY 1

We use the oceans for fun, for transportation, fish
and, more importantly, we use the oceans for
food. We must stop pollution. We must protect a dolphin
the oceans or our resources will disappear.
The oceans are full of wonderful sea life. Most of

a sea turtle
the creatures we know stay near the top layer
of the water, called the sunlit zone. In this zone,
sunlight goes down to about 200 m (656 ft.). a shark
a whale
sea sponges
The middle layer of the water is called the twilight
zone. This is because there isn’t much light. This an octopus
zone goes down to about 1,000 m (3,300 ft.).
Many different types of fish live in this layer.
Some of them look very strange.
a squid
The mysterious bottom layer of water is almost

3 Ask and answer. Work with
completely black. The only light comes from the
creatures who live here. It is called the midnight a partner. What did you learn?
zone because sunlight doesn’t reach below 1,000 m
(3,300 ft.). Some amazing animals live in this
deepest part of the ocean. Where do squid live?
Most squid live in
the twilight zone.
94 Unit 6 95
SONG
Protect the Seas

CHORUS
Please, please protect the seas.
Put good deeds into motion.
Help save the oceans.
We must protect
the wonders of the seas,
to make a better world
for you and me.
We must stop polluting
the ocean blue.
An octopus would like that,
and so would you.
CHORUS
We must protect
the wonders of the seas,
to make a better world
for you and me.
When we make a mess,
we can’t dump it in the sea.
Sharks don’t want that.
Do we?
There are layers in the ocean below.
There are creatures there that we don’t know.
They live deep underwater. They don’t breathe air,
but our world is a part of theirs. Honshu, Japan
CHORUS

1. What are two common ways we pollute
the oceans?
2. What are some ways we use the oceans?
3. Why is it important to care for the oceans?
96 Unit 6 97
GRAMMAR 1 3 Write. What about you? Write about rules at home and at school.
Have to, must, can’t, and don’t TR: 6.4 At home, I must
We have to keep the oceans clean. You can’t throw trash into the ocean.
We must protect the oceans. Don’t leave food on the beach.
1 Read. Check the true sentences.
1. We must throw plastic bags in the ocean.
2. Don’t leave trash in the classroom.
3. You have to throw trash in the rivers.

At school,
4. You can’t use biodegradable things.
They will never disappear.
5. We must protect natural habitats.
2 Read. Complete the sentences.
Protect Our Oceans!

1. We must protect the whales and the dolphins. 4 Compare your rules. Discuss in pairs.
At home, we
2. We throw bottles into the ocean. At school, don’t leave
must clean up.
garbage in the classroom.
3. leave garbage on the beach.
4. We respect and protect nature.
5. use lots of plastic bags.
6. We learn about our oceans and tell other

people about them.
98 Unit 6 99
Future with will and won’t TR: 6.7

1 Listen and repeat. Then read and write. TR: 6.5
What will happen in the future? Sea animals and plants will disappear.
not
biodegradable We won’t have as much food as we need.
plastic bags 1 Read and answer.

1. Oil pollution affects the sunlit zone of the ocean.
What will happen if there is a big oil spill?
oil spill garbage overfishing

a paper bag
1. Banana peels, plastic bottles, soda cans, 2. Pollution affects oxygen levels in the midnight zone and creates areas
biodegradable
old newspapers, boxes, and broken toys with no oxygen. Animals live in this area. What will happen to the animals?
are examples of .
2. When companies catch too many fish all the time, there aren’t enough
3. Imagine there are no more fish in the ocean. What will happen if there are
fish left to reproduce. This is called . no more fish?
3. Paper is . With time, it disappears.
4. Bottles and bags made out of are

not biodegradable. 4. In some places fishing boats catch too many fish.
What will happen if overfishing happens for a long time?
5. Big ships called tankers transport oil across the ocean. When they have
an accident and oil escapes, the result is an .
2 Play a game. Cut out seven pictures and the bingo card
2 Listen, talk, and stick. Work with a partner. TR: 6.6
in the back of the book. Listen and play. Discuss. TR: 6.8
Oil spills happen when tankers
This is not Plastic!
have accidents on the ocean.
Right. biodegradable.
1 2 3 4 5
100 Unit 6 101
READING 2 Read. Complete the definitions.
1. Corals are made up of individual animals called .

Colorful Corals
2. Warm-water polyps get food from tiny plants called .
3. Cold-water polyps eat tiny animals called .

A coral reef looks like a colorful underwater garden. But corals
are not plants. Corals are made up of tiny animals called polyps. 4. Most corals live in very large groups called .
Polyps have soft, transparent bodies without bones.
What’s for dinner? Polyps have a mouth, stomach, and 3 Label. Look and read the text again.
Then write a label for each number. 2
tentacles to catch food. Some polyps live in warm, sunlit zones. In
daylight, these polyps get food from tiny plants called algae. After
dark, the polyps use their tentacles to catch food. Some corals can 1
1.
even catch fish! In contrast, polyps that live in cold, dark zones
have to work harder. There are no algae, so they have to use their
2. 3
tentacles to catch tiny animals called plankton in the water.
Underwater communities. Most corals live together in huge 3.
groups called colonies. Some build a protective skeleton around
themselves. Old generations die and new ones grow on top, slowly
building up coral reefs. Some are millions of years old. These
beautiful reefs are home to more than 4,000 kinds of fish and 4 Talk, listen, and write. Choose warm or cold corals to talk to a
thousands of other organisms.
partner about. Your partner will listen and complete the first column.
Save the reefs! Coral reefs provide food for communities. The Great Barrier Reef Then listen to your partner and fill in the second column.
They are also a source of tourism and jobs for local people. is more than 2,000 km
Scientists use reef animals to develop new medicines. But coral (1,200 mi.) long!
You can see it from
reefs are in danger from pollution. Coral reefs are disappearing. Type of coral
outer space!
Some experts predict that only 10 percent of the world’s corals
will exist in the year 2050. We must protect our corals now. They are
made up of
Okinawa, Japan
They live in
They eat
102 Unit 6 103

WRITING MISSION
Contrast Writing In contrast writing, you write about the differences between two
things. You can use facts and descriptive words to show differences. You can also Protect the oceans.
use words that show contrast, such as but and however, and expressions such as
in contrast.
1 Read. Read about land turtles and sea turtles. How does the writer Think. Pair. Share.
show differences? Underline the words and expressions.
• What will our oceans be
Land and Sea Turtles like in 20 years?
All turtles begin their lives on land. Mother turtles • Why must we protect
lay their eggs in holes and then cover them up to our oceans?
protect them. But after that, the baby turtles’ lives are
very different. The baby land turtles crawl away to live • What can we do to help?
in woods, swamps, grasslands, or deserts. In contrast,
the baby sea turtles crawl to the ocean to live their
lives in the water. land turtle
Land turtles and sea turtles look different, too. Land
turtles have hard, high, round shells. When they are
afraid, they hide in their shells. Sea turtles, however,
have soft, flatter shells. They can’t hide inside, but they
can swim away really fast. When cold weather comes,
land turtles dig holes in the ground and sleep. They are
too slow to move to warmer places. In contrast, sea
turtles simply swim away to find warmer waters. sea turtle
Sipadan Island, Malaysia

2 Write. Write about warm and cold corals. How are they different?
Use words and expressions that show contrast.
“With every drop of water you drink, every breath you take,
Name Warm corals Cold corals you’re connected to the ocean — no matter where on Earth
They get food They catch all you live. Taking care of the ocean means taking care of us.”
Jan
from algae. their food. Dr. Sylvia Earle, Oceanographer, National Geographic Explorer
104 Unit 6 105
PROJECT Now I can . . .
Make posters to help sea animals. name and describe sea life.
1 Research ways you can help sea animals. talk about how we can
protect the oceans.
2 Make posters.
talk about future events.
33 Make cards to hand out. write to describe how
things are different.
4 Invite people to a community clean-up.
5 At your event, take photos for a school newspaper article.
Our poster is about why it’s

important to protect coral reefs.
106 Unit 6 107

Review 5 Look and read. Look at the pictures below. What’s wrong?
Match the sentences.
1 Listen. Weiwei is doing a survey. Write her questions

in the chart. TR: 6.10
Topic Question Jun Ming
Creature 1. octopus
Writer 2. Bruce Coville
Athlete 3. LeBron James 1. The stove is still hot. a. Adults should always put
medicine away.
2. The milk bottle is near the window. b. If the cat touches it, it will fall.
School 4. English c. He must not touch it, or he’ll
3. The girl is wearing a cast.
burn himself.
4. The medicine bottle is open. d. She shouldn’t climb a tree.
Illness 5. a broken arm
6 Look and write. Look at the pictures again. What else is wrong?
2 Listen again. Write Jun and Ming’s answers in the chart. TR: 6.11
1. The boy is running with scissors. He with scissors.
3 Write. Prepare five questions like Weiwei’s for your classmates. 2. The man isn’t wearing his hat. He a hat in the sun.
handsome cool actor TV show 3. The girl wants to touch the knife. She it.
popular funny person movie
pretty great hobby relative 7 Ask and answer. Work with a partner.
wonderful best / worst sport singer
1. Why shouldn’t you sneeze on people? What should you do instead?
2. You feel dizzy. Is it better to lie down or do some exercise?
3. Why shouldn’t we throw plastic in the ocean?
4 Ask and answer the questions you wrote. Work in a group
of three. Take turns. Do you have any favorite things in common?
8 Compare your answers with another partner. Are they the
same or different?
EXTENDED READING
2 Read. Match to make sentences.
1. Plastic in our oceans a. more plastic than fish.
Oceans of Plastic: new biodegradable plastics. Many
communities are trying to use less 2. In 2050, our oceans could have b. are helping solve the problem.
TIME FOR ACTION plastic and recycle more. Kids and
young people are playing their part,
3. Each year millions of ocean animals c. is a very big problem.
Plastic is useful. It’s in a lot of too, from Boyan Slat, 23, who is 4. Kids and young people d. die because of plastic.
things we use every day, from clothes developing an ocean sweeping machine,
to pens, and bottles to toys. But to kids around the world working to
there’s a problem. Most plastic is not 3 Read. Answer the questions. Work with a partner.
make their schools “zero plastic.”
biodegradable, and a lot of it ends up 1. H
ow do you think plastic gets into the oceans?
in our oceans. What can you do?
• Don’t use plastic bags. 2. W
hich do you think are harder to clean up—large plastic objects or
How big is the problem? • Don’t litter. tiny pieces? Which do more harm?
There are likely more than 5 trillion— • Don’t use plastic straws.
that’s 5,000,000,000,000!—bits of • Get a refillable water bottle. Don’t 3. How are people taking action? Which actions do you think are the
plastic in the world’s oceans. Every buy plastic bottles. most important?
ocean and every beach has plastic, • Recycle.
from large objects to tiny pieces called One person can’t solve 4 Read. Express yourself. Choose an activity.
microplastics. Tons of plastic enter the the problem alone, but
ocean every year. At this rate, by 2050 1. C
hoose a marine animal or seabird. Draw or paint a picture of it,
together we will
there will be more plastic than fish in then label it, showing how plastic affects it.
make a difference.
our oceans! 2. Write and act out a play about plastic pollution.
How does plastic harm animals? 3. Make a poster to persuade supermarkets to use less plastic.
Fish, sea turtles, and birds think
plastic is food, and they eat it. The
plastic stays in their stomachs. Dead
seabirds are found with stomachs full
of plastic. Whales, dolphins, and seals
get tangled up in plastic packaging
or fishing nets. It’s estimated that
millions of ocean animals die each year
because of plastic garbage in oceans
around the world.
Is there any good news?
Yes! Scientists, schools, businesses,
and everyday people are taking
action. Some countries have banned
plastic bags. Scientists are developing

Let’s Talk I don’t understand.
I will . . .
• politely interrupt.
• express confusion.
• check that someone understands.
What’s wrong?
• thank someone and reply.
I will . . . 3 Listen and read. TR: 6.14

• ask how someone is feeling.
• describe how I feel. Nikolai: Let’s start the game.
• show that I care or understand.
Olga: Hang on! I’m lost. How do we play?
• make a suggestion.
Nikolai: First you have to spin the spinner.
Then you move your counter. Got it?
Olga: Yeah, I think so. Thanks.
Nikolai: No problem.
Aziz: What’s wrong?
Sawsan: I feel sick.
Hang on! I’m lost. Got it? I think so. No problem.
Aziz: Oh, no. What’s the problem? Wait a moment, please. I don’t Does that Thanks. You’re welcome.
Sawsan: I have a stomachache. Wait. understand. make sense? Oh, I see! That’s OK.
Wait a minute / second. I don’t get it. Does that Thanks. Sure!
Aziz: Why don’t you tell Mom? Hold on. help? Oh, I get it
Sawsan: Yeah, that’s a good idea. Mom! OK? now. Thanks.
4 Listen. You will hear two discussions. Read each question

What’s wrong? I feel sick. Oh, no. Why don’t you
Hey, what’s up? I don’t feel good. I’m sorry. ? and circle the answer. TR: 6.15
What’s the problem? I’m not feeling well. Oh, I’m really sorry. You should .
What’s the matter? I’m tired. That’s too bad. Maybe you should 1. Does the boy understand the instructions after the girl explains them?
I’m hungry. . a. yes b. no
I’m mad at my brother.
2. Which expression does the boy use?
a. Do you see now? b. Got it? c. OK?
2 Ask and answer with a partner. Describe how you feel.

5 Practice discussions with a partner. Imagine you are playing one
Use the chart. Take turns.
of these games. One student doesn’t understand. The other explains.
1. Tic-tac-toe
2. Bingo
3. Rock, paper, scissors
112 Let’s Talk 113
Unit 7 In this unit, I will . . .
Good Idea!
• talk about inventions.
• talk about past habits.
• describe how to use an invention.
• write facts and opinions about a
favorite invention.
Look and answer.

1. Where are these people?
2. What are they doing?
3. What are they wearing?
4. Write a caption for this photo.
Space projection helmets,

Washington, DC , USA
114 115
VOCABULARY 1
Some inventions were invented too
1 Listen and read. TR: 7.1 soon—years before they became
really useful. One example was
the windshield wiper. On a snowy
2 Listen and repeat. TR: 7.2 day in 1903, Mary Anderson was
riding in a streetcar in New York.
Inventions are everywhere. Look around you. What From time to time, the driver had
inventions can you see? to open his window to wipe the
snow from his windshield by hand.
One of the first inventions was the wheel. More a battery Back at home, Mary Anderson drew
than five thousand years ago, it was difficult to move her idea for a windshield wiper.
things. People had to push or pull them along the She tried to sell her invention, but
ground. That was a problem. Then someone found a failed. People thought windshield
solution —the wheel. It changed our lives. wipers could distract drivers and
cause accidents!
Electricity is not an invention. It always existed
in nature—in lightning, for example. But scientists
discovered it and worked out how to use it. Inventors
used imagination and creativity to make new Air travel is used by millions of
inventions such as electric lights. When batteries were people today. However, there’s
invented, electricity became even more useful. Now some discussion about who flew
electricity
we can’t imagine our lives without battery-powered first. The Wright brothers tried
inventions such as computers and cell phones. to fly many times. They finally
succeeded in 1903. But others
say Alberto Santos-Dumont flew
first. Santos-Dumont had the
world’s first public flight in 1906
outside of Paris. He flew his plane
220 meters (722 ft.).
3 Ask and answer. Work with a partner. What did you learn?
When did the Wright

brothers fly a plane?
a wheel They flew a

plane in 1903.
116 Unit 7 117

SONG 2 Discuss. Work with a partner.
1. What inventions are mentioned in
1 Listen, read, and sing. TR: 7.3 the song?
2. Which invention do you think is
Inventions the most important? Why?
Creativity!
Electricity!
Creativity changes the world!
Inventions solve problems.

Problems that we used to have are gone!
The wheel and the cell phone
help to make our world go around!
Inventions are useful,
every day, in every way.
Computers, cars, and airplanes
help to make our world go around.
CHORUS
You used to have to walk

to get from place to place.
Years ago, you could only talk
face to face.
You could take only boats
to get across the sea.
Now, we fly across the sky.
Inventions are the reason why.
CHORUS
Imagination and ideas

can change the world, every day.
Can you solve a problem?
Can you help our world today?
CHORUS
Lion lights.
Nairobi, Kenya
118 Unit 7 119
GRAMMAR 1 3 Write. What about you? Write five sentences
about when you were younger. Write two that
Used to for past habits TR: 7.4
aren’t true. Use these words to help you.
People used to travel across We didn’t use to have airplanes.
the sea in boats.
clothes food games home
Why did people use to read They didn’t use to have electricity.
by candlelight? music TV shows toys vacations
brothers and sisters free time activities
1 Read. Complete the sentences. Check the true sentences.

1.
1. In the 1980s, people (read)
by candlelight.
2.
2. Before the invention of cars, people
(ride) horses in the city.

3.
3. Before the invention of the plane, people
(not / travel) by air.

4.
4. In the 1950s, people
(not / make) calls with a cell phone.

5.
5. We (not / have) computers
before there was electricity.
4 Read your sentences. Work with a partner. Take turns.

When I was six, I used to
1. What did people use to do for fun before TV?
ride my bike to school.
2. How did people use to travel before planes?
3. What did children use to play with before video games? That’s not true! Your dad used
to drive you to school. I saw you!
120 Unit 7 121

VOCABULARY 2 waist GRAMMAR 2
You for general statements TR: 7.8

You need to have creativity You should always try again
Complete. Then listen and
to invent things. if you fail.
check your answers. TR: 7.6 What do you do with this invention? Do you play with it?
move lift
1 Write clues about these inventions.
1. knife (cut meat) You cut meat with it. You hold it in your hand.
hoop 2. microwave (cook food)
put 3. backpack (carry things)
turn use 4. cell phone (make calls)
The “hula hoop” is an old invention, but it’s very popular today. 5. scissors (cut paper)
It’s fun and it’s good exercise!
6. crayons (color pictures)
1. How do you a hula hoop? It’s easy.
Follow these instructions.
2 Play a game. Work with a partner.
2. the hula hoop on the ground. Stand in the middle. Cut out the game board in the back
What’s this?
3. the hoop to your waist. of the book. Ask questions about the
inventions you see. Take turns.
4. your waist in a circle. Don’t hold the hoop!
It’s an umbrella.
5. The hoop around and around. Can you feel it?
2 Listen and stick. Put the stickers in order. Then tell your partner Heads = How do you use it?
1 space
how to use this toy. TR: 7.7
1 2 3 4 5
You put it over your
Tails = head when it’s raining.
2 spaces
122 Unit 7 123

READING 2 Read and write. Write the name of the invention.
1 Listen and read. TR: 7.9 1. It’s something you eat.
YOUNG and Creative

2. It can help people who live in big cities.
3. It’s something a blind person can use to read.

Did you know that a teenager had the first idea for a television? And a six-
4. It’s useful if you don’t have electricity.
year-old boy invented the toy truck? Kids and teens are great inventors because
they have a lot of creativity and imagination. 5. It happened by accident.
2018: At the age of 19, Angad Daryani invented a solution to the problem
of air pollution in cities. Growing up in Mumbai, India, he suffered from asthma 3 Read and write. Complete the chart.
caused by the polluted air. Air pollution is a big problem. Three million people die
each year. Angad’s invention is an air pollution cleaning tower that is 6.1 meters Who When What Why
(20 ft.) high. The tower sucks in air and takes out the particles of dust and
carbon. The particles are collected and can even be reused. Angad’s dream is Angad in 2018, when he was an air pollution He had asthma caused
to build thousands of the towers and improve the quality of air in cities. Daryani 19 years old cleaning tower by air pollution.
2013: Canadian high school student Ann

Makosinski was 15 when she invented the “hollow
flashlight.” The flashlight uses heat from the human
body and changes it into light. It doesn’t need
batteries. Ann thought of the idea when she heard
about a friend who lived the Philippines. Her friend
was doing badly in school. She needed to do her
homework at night but there was no electrical light in her home. Ann’s flashlight
isn’t expensive. Ann hopes it will help some of the 1.1 billion people in the
world who still have no electricity in their homes. 4 Discuss the questions. Work in groups
of three. Do you have the same opinion?
1905: When Frank Epperson was eleven, he left a cup filled with soda and a
stick in his yard. That night he forgot about it. It was a very cold night. When Which story was the most interesting? Why?
he went outside the next morning he found something amazing: a “Popsicle”! Which invention was the most useful? Why?
1824: Louis Braille had an accident when he was three. The accident
NUMBER OF PATENT FILINGS AROUND THE WORLD
left him blind. At that time, it was hard for blind children to read. They
had to touch raised letters. But it was easy to confuse a Q with an O, an R 1,800,000
Diane Bisson invented
1,600,000
with a B, and so on. When he was fifteen, Louis invented an alphabet that 1,400,000 a series of healthy and
used raised dots. The Braille alphabet was a big success! 1,200,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
tasty plates and bowls
that you can eat!
124 Unit 7 125

WRITING MISSION
Fact and Opinion Writing In fact and opinion writing, you state your opinion
and use facts to support your opinion. An opinion is something you believe to be Use your imagination and
true. To introduce opinions, use words like in my opinion, I think, and I believe.
A fact is a piece of true information, for example, a date, an event, or a name. creativity to solve problems.
1 Read. Read this fact and opinion text. Underline facts that
support the opinion in the first paragraph.
The Sheep View project equipped

A Good Idea sheep with solar-powered 360-degree
cameras. The Faroe Islands are now
In my opinion, sticky notes are a great invention. They’re part of street-view maps online.
easy to use. You write a note and stick it on your notebook
or on your computer. And they come off easily. I think most
people like them because they help you to remember things.
In my opinion, the story of sticky notes is interesting, too.
Sticky notes have two inventors. Spencer Silver invented the
glue in 1970. It wasn’t strong, so he didn’t know how to use
it. But four years later, Arthur Fry found a use for it. One
day, all his notes fell on the floor. He wasn’t happy! Then he
remembered Silver’s glue! He used the glue on small pieces
of paper. It worked! You could stick the notes to almost any Think. Pair. Share.
surface, and it was easy to remove them. Now we have a • What are some typical problems in your daily life?
cool—and useful—invention!
• Can you solve any of them with an invention?
Note any useful or fun ideas.
2 Write. Describe an invention. Explain how to use it and why you • Which inventions does everyone like best?
like it. Include facts to support your opinion. Discuss as a class.
3 Share. Share your writing. Work in a group. Listen and take notes.
Invention How do we use it? Why does he/she like it? “In science, it’s always a long train of ideas. Many
succeed, but in between you often fail . . . science is
Peanut We eat it. It’s delicious. entirely based on curiosity.”
butter
Aydogan Ozcan, Electrical Engineer, National Geographic Explorer
126 Unit 7 127
PROJECT
Design a superpower app. Now I can . . .
1 Choose your own superpower—something that makes life talk about inventions.
better. Design an app to help you achieve it. talk about past habits.
2 Sketch out your ideas for your app in 3–4 pictures. describe how to use
an invention.
33. Share your ideas in a small group. Ask your friends how you write facts and opinions
can improve your ideas. about a favorite invention.
4 Present your finished app design to the class.
My superhero is Superfood Man. I didn’t use to eat

breakfast, but now I do! Superfood Man reminds me
to eat a healthy breakfast every morning. He’s great!
128 Unit 7 129

Unit 8
That’s Really
A curious polar bear investigating a
photographer’s camera. Svalbard, Norway
Interesting!

• talk about my hobbies and interests.
• give information about people I know.
• talk about gifts I’ve received.
• describe and explain a hobby.
Look and check.

Who is taking the photo?
a photographer
a hiker
a polar bear
Write a caption for this photo.
130 131
VOCABULARY 1 a screen

points
2 Listen and say. TR: 8.2
Place: 1/1 a score
Most people have a hobby. Some children collect things,
play in a musical group, or grow vegetables. Creative
people often paint or take photos. Video games are an avatar
popular, too. What hobbies do you enjoy?
Many video games are for one person. You play alone. But
it’s more fun to play with a friend. Choose your avatars.
Then compete. To win the game, you must get many
points. The person with the highest score wins.
a controller
In other video games, you play together with a friend.
You don’t compete. You cooperate. When you use the
controller, you can see your avatars move on the screen.

What did you learn?
What do creative
people do?
They often paint

or take photos.
Bisate Village, Rwanda
132 Unit 8 133

SONG
What’s Your Hobby?

What’s your hobby?
What do you like to do?
What’s your hobby?
I have a hobby, too!
The boy who has the highest score

wins the video game.
The girl who collects a fossil
wants to learn its name.
Who enjoys a comic book?
Who likes to compete?
I collect stuffed animals
because I think they’re sweet.
CHORUS
The boy who takes a photo

sees it on the screen.
The girl who reads about dinosaurs
can see them in her dreams.
Do you like to cooperate?
Do you like to work alone?
I like to talk about my hobby
on my new cell phone.
It’s fun to be creative and show what you can do.
Collect, compete, cooperate.
I have a hobby.
Do you?
CHORUS
2 Answer. Work with a partner.

Istanbul, Turkey
1. Which hobbies are mentioned in the song?
2. Which of these hobbies do you like?
134 Unit 8 135

GRAMMAR 1 2 Do a class survey. Ask questions. Write names and count.
Then write about the people in your class on a sheet of paper.
Describing people with who TR: 8.4
The person who has the highest score wins the game.
Who . . . Name(s)
I know a boy who collects movie posters.
We have three cousins who play in a musical group together.
1. enjoys books?
1 Read and write. Join the two sentences.

2. likes to compete in sports?
1. I have a younger brother. He loves video games.
I have a younger brother who loves video games. 3. likes to play video games?
2. There is a girl in my class. She collects seashells.

4. often takes photos?
5. has more than one hobby?

3. My best friend is a creative person. She takes amazing photos.
6. collects something?
4. I have an aunt. She’s very creative. o

There are three students wh
enjoy books. They are Maria,
Carlos, and Tomas.
5. I know three people. They collect fossils.
3 Ask and answer. Work in a group. Talk about someone in your
class. Don’t say the name. Can your group guess who it is?
This person is someone who enjoys

books and often takes photos. Who is it?
Is it Tomas?
Trilobite fossil, Morocco
No, it isn’t. Try again!
136 Unit 8 137

Direct and indirect objects TR: 8.6

1 Listen and repeat. Check T for True and F for False. TR: 8.5
Show the comic book to James. = Show James the comic book.
My dad gave this fossil to me. = My dad gave me this fossil.
My mom bought stuffed animals for them. = My mom bought them stuffed animals.
1 Read and write. Rewrite the sentences.

1. My cousin sent a dinosaur book to him.
a bug a dinosaur
My cousin sent him a dinosaur book.
2. When I was in the hospital, my uncle gave a stuffed animal to me.
3. He became friends with two kids and gave two comic books to them.
a comic book a fossil a stuffed animal
1. She’s scared of bugs. T F
2. She thinks dinosaurs are boring. T F 4. Grandma sent a present to him, and he wrote a letter to her.
3. She knows a boy who collects comic books. T F
4. Her brother collects fossils. T F
5. Her dad gave her a stuffed animal for her birthday. T F 2 Play a game. Cut out the game board and the cube in
the back of the book. Work with a partner. Take turns.
2 Ask and answer. Work with What did you give Maria?
a partner. It’s party time. What me = 1 space
I gave her a pair of socks. My friend gave me a toy dinosaur!
present did you give? Stick.
How boring! I gave her a doll! him/her/them = 0 spaces
1 2 3 4 5 Yes, he gave a toy

dinosaur to me.
Really?
138 Unit 8 139

READING 2 Read. Put the geocaching steps in order.
1 Listen and read. TR: 8.7 You write your name and the date.
HIDE and SEEK You look for the notebook.
You leave an object in the box for someone else to find.

Geocaching is a fun outdoor hobby. It’s like
a game of hide and seek, with the hiders leaving You choose a treasure to take away.
clues for the seekers to find. Here’s how it works:
The hiders hide a box, or cache. Inside the box, You find the cache and open it.
they put some “treasure”—small objects for you to
find—and a notebook. If you want to be a seeker,
or geocacher, you use an app that tells you where 3 Write. Label the pictures.
there are caches near you.
Then you look for the cache. To help you find a. map b. toys c. notebook d. water bottle
it, you need to have your smartphone with online e. app f. compass g. clue h. pen/pencil
clues, or a map and compass. You should also take
a pen or pencil and a few small treasures to leave
for other people.
When you find the cache, you look for the notebook inside. Then
you write your name and the date. Then you look at the treasures
in the box and choose something you like to take away. You might b
choose a small toy, an ornament, or a little book. Don’t forget to
leave another treasure in its place!
“Keep your b
Geocaching is a great way to explore new places and make new ack
to the tree an
friends. Many geocachers also help to clean up the places they visit d
take four ste
by picking up garbage they see along the way. ps.”
One geocacher says it’s a great hobby because “It gets the whole
family outside and doing something fun together. I love it!”
4 Discuss. Work in a group. What should people take with them
COMPASS
north when they go geocaching? Write your ideas in the chart.
west east
A Japanese sailor sent a message in a bottle Very Important Important Not Important
when his boat was sinking. The message
asked for help. About 150 years later, the
south bottle arrived in the town where he was born!
140 Unit 8 141

WRITING MISSION
Explanation Writing When you write an explanation, you describe something

in general. You explain what it is and how you do it. You can explain difficult words Enjoy a hobby.
and give examples. Use words and expressions like for example and such as.
Think. Pair. Share.
1 Read. Read this explanation. Underline definitions and examples.
• Why is it good to have a hobby?
• What hobby would you like to

Fun with Paper try, and why?
The Japanese invented origami in the
17th century, and now it is popular everywhere • How do you do the hobby you
in the world. chose? What do you need?
The word “origami” comes from two crane
Japanese words: “ori,” which means “folding,”
and “kami,” which means “paper.” In origami,
you always begin with one square sheet of
paper. Then you fold the paper many times
to make a shape. frog
Origami is very creative. You can make
simple shapes, for example, a little bug. Or you
can make a difficult design. To make a difficult
shape, such as a dragon, you have to fold the
paper many times in different ways. The most
famous origami design is the Japanese paper Ammonite fossils
crane. Origami isn’t always easy, but it’s fun! dinosaur
2 Write. Describe a hobby. Explain it and how to do it.
Name Hobby What and how
“As a child, I felt very alone with my interest in fossils.
Finally, at age 13, I discovered there was a museum in
Filip Photography Take interesting photos. Norway that actually employed people to study fossils. ”
Use a camera or phone. Jørn Hurum, Paleontologist, National Geographic Explorer
142 Unit 8 143
PROJECT
Present a hobby.
1 Choose one of your favorite

hobbies or interests.
2 Prepare a report for the class.

a. Explain details about it.
b. Explain how you do it.
c. U
se drawings or photos.
You can also bring objects
to show the class.
This is the coolest rock I have!

I bought it on vacation.
Now I can . . .
talk about my hobbies
and interests.
give information about
people I know.
talk about gifts I’ve received.
describe and explain a hobby.
144 Unit 8 145

Unit 9
The Science
of Fun

• identify how we use force to move.
• use The more . . . to describe cause and effect.
• understand and make definitions.
• write about cause and effect.
Look and answer.

1. What is he doing?
2. Is it easy?
3. What special clothes is he wearing, and why?
Roberts Creek, British 4. Write a caption for the photo.
Columbia, Canada
146 147
VOCABULARY 1
Skaters pull, too. Look at these skaters.
skaters
The more one skater pulls, the more they spin.
The skaters don’t fall over because they
know how to balance.
How do skaters stop? They use force. Skaters
We use force to move. Force happens when push down hard on their skates. The skates
we push or pull. Do you push or pull when connect with the ice. The ice and skates rub
you move on a swing? You do both. together. When two things rub together, it’s
called friction.
Look at this skier. To move, a skier pushes
on the snow. A push can move a skier
forward. It can also move a skier backward.
forward backward
How do skaters stop?

They use force.
3 Ask and answer.

Work with a partner.
What did you learn?
148 Unit 9 149

SONG 2 Answer. Work with a partner.
1 Listen, read, and sing. TR: 9.3 1. How do you feel when you spin?
And when you fall?
I’m on the Move! 2. L ook at the photo. What

is the boy doing?
Push it, pull it, push it, pull it, push, pull.
Push, pull, push, pull! Watch it go!
If you spin around, and around and around
and around,
what you feel is force.
If you fall down, down, down, down,
down to the ground,
that’s gravity, of course.
I’m on the move.

I’m in the groove.
It’s amazing what you can do
when you let force do the work for you!
The more you push, the faster some things go.

When you spin around, the force comes and goes.
CHORUS
The more you push, the faster some things go.

When you spin around, the force comes and goes.
Push it, pull it, push it, pull it, push, pull.
Push, pull, push, pull! Watch it go!
If you spin around, and around and around
and around,
what you feel is force.
If you fall down, down, down, down,
down to the ground,
that’s gravity, of course.
CHORUS
I’m on the move!

Our Dynamic
Earth bootcamp,
Edinburgh, Scotland
150 Unit 9 151

GRAMMAR 1 3 Read and write. Complete the sentences.
Cause and effect with double comparatives TR: 9.4

1. The more she pushes , (she / push) on the swing,
The more one skater pulls, the more the other one spins.
The more you push the swing, the faster it goes. the higher she goes . (high / she / go)
The more you practice, the faster you run.
2. , (the skateboarder / push)

1 Match the pictures to the first part of the sentences.
Then match to complete the sentences. . (fast / he / move forward)
The more they spin, the higher he goes. 3. , (high / she / go)
. (she / feel dizzy)
4. , (you / play soccer)

The more she pushes, the higher she goes.
. (good / you / get)
5. , (we / practice)
The more he pushes the faster they go. . (we / win)
down,
4 Talk to a partner. Imagine you are having fun.

Describe what happens to you.
2 Read and write. Complete
the sentences. ball climb fast force good
high jump laugh play practice
pull push soccer win
The more you practice,

1. The more he goes down, the more she goes up. . the faster you run! The more you play,
the more you laugh!
2. The more she goes up, .
3. The more he goes around, .
4. The more she spins, .
152 Unit 9 153

1 Listen and repeat. Read and write. Complete the sentences. TR: 9.5 Definitions with which TR: 9.7
Gravity is a force which pulls you toward Earth.
Skates are special shoes which you wear when you go ice skating.
lean
away from
1 Write a definition for each item. Work with a partner.
direction Read your definitions and guess. Take turns.
1. Bicycle: This is a machine which you can ride in the park. .
2. Skateboarding: It is a hobby .
3. Friction: This is a force .

toward
4. Tetherball: It is a game .
gravity 5. Soccer: This is a sport .
1. When you throw a ball, pulls it toward the earth. 2 Play a game. Play with
a partner. Cut out the
2. Don’t go in that . Turn left!
cards in the back of
3. He is walking the music because it’s too loud. the book. Follow the
instructions. Take turns.
4. When you ride your bicycle and want to turn left, you turn your wheel to
the left, and you to the left.
= Pick up a card.
5. She is riding the swings because she wants
to play on them.
2 Listen and stick. Work with a partner. Compare your answers. TR: 9.6
A bicycle is a machine with wheels
and handlebars which you ride.
OK! My turn!
1 2 3 4 5
154 Unit 9 155
READING 2 Answer the questions. Work with a partner.
1. What is the first thing you do when you sit in a roller coaster?
2. How do you feel when you go fast down the hill?
Up, Down, and All Around! 3. How do you feel when you go fast up the loop the loop?
4. Why do some people feel dizzy or sick on roller coasters?
You are going on a roller-coaster ride. Sit in the car and pull down the safety
bar. Are you ready? Let’s go! 3 Complete the chart. Work with a partner. When do you
First you go up a steep hill. The roller coaster goes slow. Next gravity pulls you experience these forces in roller coasters and on bicycles?
down the hill. The roller coaster moves fast. You feel very light!
Roller coaster Bicycle
A big circle, known as the “loop the loop,” is many people’s favorite. When you
go fast up the circle, you feel heavy. Gravity is pulling you down. When you reach
the top, you are high in the sky. And you’re hanging upside down! So why don’t you Gravity
fall out of your seat? Your body wants to fly off, but the speed of the car and a force
called centripetal force keep you moving in a circle, and keep you in your seat!
The roller coaster uses friction to stop. If it stops quickly, your body wants to
continue moving. That is called inertia. But the safety bars keep you in place! Centripetal force
Not everyone loves roller coasters. They make some people feel dizzy or sick
because the forces change. In fact we experience forces like friction, centripetal
force, and gravity every day. For example you feel gravity when you jump Friction
with your bike and come down. You feel centripetal force when you turn,
and you feel friction when you use the brakes to stop the bike.
How do you want to experience the forces? Do you want to ride

your bicycle or a roller coaster? Inertia
Russians invented the roller coaster. They

made the “cars” from ice. And they put straw
on the seats to keep the passengers warm. 4 Look and discuss. Work with a partner.
Describe a ride on a roller coaster.
What does the roller
coaster look like?
It looks like a spaceship!
What happens first?

You go straight toward a
moon, but then you turn!
156 Unit 9 157
WRITING MISSION
Cause and Effect Writing When you write about cause and effect, you
describe actions and tell why they happened. Use because or as to show cause. Think creatively Think. Pair. Share.
You also describe the effect of the action. To show effect, you use words like so,
so that, and as a result. and critically. • Why is it important to
understand how and
1 Read. How does the writer describe cause and effect? why things work?
Underline the words and phrases. • How can we learn more
about how and why
Last week I learned how to play tetherball with
things work?
my brother. My brother plays a lot, so he taught
me. We went to the park because there’s a new • Think of three examples
tetherball court there.
of things you would like
As there aren’t many rules, it’s easy to start
playing tetherball. Two people play the game. One to understand better.
person hits the ball to the right. The other person
hits it to the left. Because the rope is connected
to a pole, the ball can’t fly away. You hit the ball
so that it turns around the pole. Tetherball looks
easy. But it isn’t.
Last week I hit the ball, it flew around in a big circle. As a result, it
was easy for my brother to hit it. Then he hit the ball. It went fast and
very high so that I couldn’t hit it. So he won every game. Because I want
to win next time, I’m going to practice a lot from now on!
2 Write. Describe a favorite game. Say why you play it and what
happens when you play. Include words of cause and effect.
Name Game How to do or play it

“When something unexpected or unusual happens,
Isabelle jumping rope Jump over the rope I am always curious to find out why.”
each time it turns. Stephon Alexander, Theoretical Physicist, National Geographic Explorer
158 Unit 9 159

PROJECT
Now I can . . .
Make a thaumatrope.
identify how we use
1 Cut out two circles of
5 ake holes on each side.
M
force to move.
Attach string or a rubber band.
cardstock paper or cardboard.
Make them the same size. use The more . . . to
describe cause and effect.
2 raw an object, person,
D understand and make
or animal in the middle of definitions.
one circle.
write about cause
and effect.
6 pin the circles fast and
S
watch the two pictures turn
into one! Why do you think
this happens?
3 raw a “home” for the

D I drew a fish on one circle, and a fish
object, person, or animal tank on the other. When I spin it,
on the other circle. it looks like the fish is in the tank!
4 tick or glue the two circles

S
together. The picture on the
back should be upside down.
160 Unit 9 161

Review 4 Read and write.
a dinosaur fail a hobby an inventor

a skater swings together toward
1 Listen. Check the inventions that you hear. TR: 9.9
airplane battery windshield wipers wheel 1. This is a person who moves, turns, and spins on ice.
2. Collecting fossils is an example of this.

2 Listen again. Answer the questions. TR: 9.10
3. This is a person who invents things.
1. How many points do Anya and Ben have at the beginning? 4. This is a creature which lived millions of years ago.
2. What was Mary Anderson’s idea? 5. It’s the opposite of alone.
3. What is Anya’s score at the end of the competition? 6. It’s the opposite of away from.
4. What will Anya do next month? 7. The more you push these, the higher they go.
8. What’s the opposite of succeed?

3 Ask and answer questions about life before these inventions.
Work with a partner. Take turns. 5 Write. Work with a partner. Choose list A, B, or C.
Write definitions in your notebook.
A B C
an avatar a bug backward
a battery electricity gravity
a comic book a good friend a screen
a creative person a problem a stuffed animal
(to) pull a wheel (to) take photos
It’s a force which pulls you

It’s the opposite of push.
How did people use to tell the
toward the earth.
time before they had clocks? They used to
look at the sun.
That’s right. 6 Read and guess. Work in a group. Take turns. Read your definitions
to the others. Can they guess?

EXTENDED READING
2 Read the text again. Complete the sentences.
1519 flying helicopter paintings released
Leonardo da Vinci 1. Leonardo bought birds at the market and them.

The Greatest Inventor in History? 2. He studied the birds’ wings so he could design a machine.
It is often told how Leonardo drew a design for a glider. This
da Vinci used to go to his local was much simpler, and people have 3. Leonardo also designed a and a parachute.
market to buy birds in cages. recently built and successfully
Others bought the birds to kill and flown it, with one small change to 5. Mona Lisa is one of the most famous in the world.
eat them, or keep them as pets. But the original design. Other flight-
Leonardo, to everyone’s surprise, related designs by Leonardo were 6. Leonardo lived from 1452 to .
bought the birds to release from for a helicopter and a parachute.
their cages and let them fly away!
Leonardo was so many 3 Read. Answer the questions. Work with a partner.
Leonardo’s kindness to animals things—artist, musician, architect, 1. W
hy were people surprised when Leonardo released the birds he had bought?
was well known. He was a engineer, scientist, and inventor.
vegetarian. But more than this, Today he is usually best known for 2. W
hich of Leonardo’s inventions is the most important, in your opinion?
he was fascinated by the flight of his art, including two of the most 3. Leonardo’s inventions were probably not made in his lifetime. Why not?
birds. Before releasing the birds, he famous paintings in the world:
studied their wing shape, structure, Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. 4 Express yourself. Choose an activity.
and movement. He made detailed However, centuries ahead of his
drawings of birds’ wings. Most time, he imagined and designed a 1. L ook at pictures of some of Leonardo’s inventions. Choose an invention of
of all, he had a dream—to design huge range of inventions. Surely he your own, and draw it in the same style as Leonardo’s works. Add labels.
a machine that would let human must count as one of the greatest 2. Imagine a scene at the market when Leonardo buys some caged birds. What
beings fly like birds. inventors ever? do people say? What happens next? Write a short play. Work in a small group
One of Leonardo’s designs to act it out.
for a flying machine showed an 3. Make a poster of Leonardo’s inventions alongside the same inventions in the
enormous pair of wings joined to modern day. Draw or paint, or find pictures and glue them on the poster. Label
a wooden frame. According to the the inventions with the similarities and differences between now and then.
drawings, the brave pilot would
lie inside the frame and move the
wings up and down! Leonardo also
LEONARDO DA VINCI’S LIFE

1452 1467 1482 1500 1502 1503 1503 –1513 1516–1519
Leonardo da Vinci is Young Leonardo goes to Leonardo goes to Milan to Leonardo returns to Leonardo works for Leonardo begins Leonardo studies flight, Leonardo moves
born in Anchiano, Italy. Florence to study with artist work for the city’s duke Florence and studies Cesare Borgia as his most famous the human body, and to France. He
Andrea del Verrocchio. as a painter and engineer. mathematics. an architect, map- painting, Mona Lisa. rocks and plants. dies there.
maker, and engineer.
Let’s Talk What does that mean?
I will . . .
• interrupt someone (formally and informally).
• ask the meaning and ask how to spell or say something.
• explain a meaning and give a spelling.
Wow, that’s cool!

• say that I don’t know.
I will . . . 3 Listen and read. TR: 9.13

• ask questions.
• show I’m interested. Antoni: Hey, Martina, what does this word mean?
• keep the conversation going. Martina: I don’t know. I think it’s a kind of invention.
Antoni: Um, I don’t think so.
1 Listen and read. TR: 9.12 Martina: Why don’t you ask the teacher?
Antoni: That’s a good idea. Excuse me, Ms. Biga.
Pablo: What’s your favorite sport?
What does this word mean?
Mario: Soccer. I want to be a
professional soccer player.
I think it’s a kind of .
Pablo: Do you? What does
I think it means .
mean? That’s
Mario: Yeah! What about you? Hey, It’s the opposite of . I don’t
a good
What’s your favorite sport? Excuse know.
How do you spell ? idea.
me, Mr. / I’m not
Pablo: I love soccer, too. My dad is How do you pronounce Good
Ms. / Mrs. sure.
this word? point.
taking me to the World Cup! .
How do you say ?
Mario: Wow! That’s so cool!
Do you? (Can you? / Are you?) What about you? That’s so cool! 4 Listen. You will hear two discussions. Read each question and
Really? How about you? That’s amazing! circle the answer. TR: 9.14
Wow. And you? How cool!
1. What does the boy want to know?
a. the meaning b. the spelling c. the pronunciation
2. What does the girl want to know?
a. the meaning b. the spelling c. the pronunciation
2 Talk. Talk about your favorite hobby or person.
Work with a partner. Use the chart. 5 Prepare and practice. Work in pairs. You want to know the
spelling, the meaning, or the pronunciation of a word. Ask your
partner and then ask the teacher.
166 Let’s Talk 167

Irregular Verbs
Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle
be was/were been light lit lit

beat beat beaten lose lost lost
become became become make made made
begin began begun meet met met
bend bent bent pay paid paid
bite bit bitten put put put
bleed bled bled read read read
blow blew blown ride rode ridden
break broke broken ring rang rung
bring brought brought rise rose risen
build built built run ran run
buy bought bought say said said
catch caught caught see saw seen
choose chose chosen sell sold sold
come came come send sent sent
cost cost cost set set set
cut cut cut sew sewed sewn
dig dug dug shake shook shaken
do did done shine shone shone
draw drew drawn show showed shown
drink drank drunk shut shut shut
drive drove driven sing sang sung
eat ate eaten sink sank sunk
fall fell fallen sit sat sat
feed fed fed sleep slept slept
feel felt felt slide slid slid
fight fought fought speak spoke spoken
find found found spend spent spent
fly flew flown spin spun spun
forget forgot forgotten stand stood stood
forgive forgave forgiven steal stole stolen
freeze froze frozen stick stuck stuck
get got gotten sting stung stung
give gave given stink stank stunk
go went gone sweep swept swept
grow grew grown swim swam swum
hang hung hung swing swung swung
have had had take took taken
hear heard heard teach taught taught
hide hid hidden tear tore torn
hit hit hit tell told told
hold held held think thought thought
hurt hurt hurt throw threw thrown
keep kept kept understand understood understood
know knew known wake up woke up woken up
leave left left wear wore worn
lend lent lent win won won
let let let write wrote written
lie lay lain
168
Unit 1 Cutouts Use with GRAMMAR 2 Activity 2.
after lunch after school tonight
on Saturday before school after dinner
169
1 2 3 4
breakfast lunch breakfast dinner
every day on Monday twice a month
START
8 7 6 5
lunch dessert lunch breakfast
every weekend five times a week every morning
9 10 dinner 11 lunch 12 dessert

dessert
every Saturday every day
END
171
Start
There is no electricity.
Go back two spaces.
You have to wash

clothes by hand.
End
Go back one space.

173
a famous
good interesting a sport
person
bad cool a writer/book food
amazing boring a hobby a video game
a school
popular wonderful music/a song subject
175
biodegradable
must
will
177
Heads = 1 space Tails = 2 spaces
179
Start
her
End
him
me
me
me
them
181
12
4
10 What is a bicycle?
This is a playground
(a machine / wheels
object which goes up Act out: “pull” and handlebars /
and down. What is it?
which / ride)
16
19
What is a
14
skateboard? This is a force
Act out: “spin” (a board with which pulls you
wheels / which / to the earth.
move on) What is it?
25 27
24
What is a cell phone? This is a game with a
Act out: (a thing / which / ball which you play in
“lose your balance” use / talk) the yard. What is it?
32 34
30 This is a force which
What is a hobby?
Act out: “push” (a thing / which / happens when two
do / free time) things rub together.
What is it?
183
Unit 1
stickers
Unit 2
stickers once a day twice a day three times every day on
a week Saturdays
Unit 3
stickers
Unit 4
stickers bruise scratch cut broken burn
thermometer tissues
Unit 5 sports writer

stickers TV show hobby school
subject
Unit 6
stickers
Unit 7
stickers
move put lift turn use
Unit 8
stickers
Unit 9
stickers toward direction push lean gravity
balance away from

CREDITS
Illustration
Marcos Calo 122, 152, 154; Jan Feindt 78–79; John Haslam 175, Unit 1 stickers; Bob Kayganich 94–95, 103; Eric Larsen 9, 13, 15, 25, 29, 31, 41, 45, 47, 54, 58, 63, 67, 79, 83, 85,
95, 99, 101, 112, 117, 121, 123, 133, 137, 139, 149, 153, 162, 166; Ralph Voltz 109
Photography
2-3 (spread) Karol Kozlowski/Robert Harding World Imagery; 4 (tl1) Annie Griffiths/National Geographic Image Collection; (tl2) © Edible Growth by Chloé Rutzerveld; (tc) Adrian Pope/
Getty Images; (tr) © Barb Hogan; 5 (tl1) Ahmad Yusni/EPA/REX/Shutterstock.com; (tl2) Brian Skerry/National Geographic Image Collection; (tc) Eduardo Munoz/National Geographic Image
Collection; (tr) Dan Barham/Aurora Photos; 6-7 (spread) Annie Griffiths/National Geographic Image Collection; 8-9 (spread) Tierfotoagentur/Alamy Stock Photo; 8 © Sudipta Maulik;
9 (tl) Henryk T. Kaiser/Getty Images; (tr) Gilbert Rondilla Photography/Moment/Getty Images; (cl) Gravity Images/Taxi/Getty Images; (cr) Visage/Stockbyte/Getty Images; (br) © Cengage
2019; 10-11 (spread) Lyle Such; 12 Jane Burton/Science Source; 13 © Cengage 2019; 14 (tl) Design Pics/Ron Nickel/Getty Images; (tc) Angela Bragato/Shutterstock.com; (tr) YinYang/E+/
Getty Images; (c) Indeed/Absodels/Getty Images; (cr) Image Source/Getty Images; 15 © Cengage 2019; 16 (tr) Piotr Marcinski/Alamy Stock Photo; (cr) Tatjana Romanova/Dreamstime LLC;
(b) Purestock/Getty Images; (br) Hugo Maes/Dreamstime LLC; 18 (tr) KidStock/Getty Images; (cr) Gary S Chapman/Getty Images; 19 (c) Robin Hammond/National Geographic Image
Collection; (bl) Rebecca Hale/National Geographic Image Collection; 20 (c) MBI/Alamy Stock Photo; (br) MBI/Alamy Stock Photo; 20-21 (spread) Ron Levine/DigitalVision/Getty Images;
(b) Blend Images/Alamy Stock Photo; (c) © Cengage; 21 (c1) Blend Images/Alamy Stock Photo; (c2) Andy Dean/Alamy Stock Photo; (b1) UpperCut Images/Alamy Stock Photo; (b2) UpperCut
Images/Alamy Stock Photo; 22-23 (spread) © Edible Growth by Chloé Rutzerveld; 24 (cl) Chris J. Price/Getty Images; (c) Alistair Berg/Getty Images; (bl) PavelRodimov/iStock/Getty Images;
(bc) Hutch Axilrod/The Image Bank/Getty Images; (br) Adie Bush/Getty Images; 24-25 (spread) Prixel Creative/Shutterstock.com; 25 (tl) FirstShot/Alamy Stock Photo; (tc) nilsfoto/iStock/Getty
Images; (tr) onepony/iStock/Thinkstock; (cl) Thinkstock; (c) istock.com/GomezDavid; (cr) Nick Daly/Cultura/Getty Images; (bl) Njpolice/Dreamstime LLC; (bc) Zoonar RF/Zoonar/Thinkstock;
(br1) Adyna/iStock/Getty Images; (br2) Siede Preis/Getty Images; (b1) Davies and Starr/Getty Images; (b2) © Cengage 2019; 26-27 (spread) John Howard/Getty Images; 28 Zhukov Oleg/
Shutterstock.com; 29 (tl) Des/RooM/Getty Images; (tr) istock.com/JulNichols; (bc) © Cengage 2019; 31 (t) © Cengage 2019; (b) Andrea Jones Images/Alamy Stock Photo; 32 (c1) The Asahi
Shimbun/Getty Images; (c2) © Cengage 2019; (t) Tippawankongto/iStock/Getty Images; (b) © Roie Galitz; 34 (cr) Viktar/iStock/Getty Images; (tr) Dave Rudkin/Getty Images; 35 (bl) Rebecca
Hale/National Geographic Image Collection; (c) istock.com/GomezDavid; 36-37 (spread) © Cengage; 37 Radius Images/Corbis; 38-39 (spread) Adrian Pope/Getty Images; 40-41 (spread)
Sean Sweeney; 41 (tc) © Cengage 2019; (tr) © Cengage 2019; (cr) Maskot/Getty Images; 42-43 (spread) © Kerenyi Zoltan; 45 (bc1) © Cengage 2019; (bc2) iStock.com/Slonov; 46 (tl)
Yagi Studio/Photodisc/Getty Images; (tc) Tetra Images/Getty Images; (tr) Chris Clor/Tetra images/Getty Images; (c) iStock.com/garysludden; (cr) Ghislain & Marie David de Lossy/Getty
Images; 47 (bl) © Cengage 2019; (bc) © Cengage 2019; 48 (c) YuriyZhuravov/Shutterstock.com; (cr1) Ryan McVay/Photodisc/Getty Images; (cr2) Lawrence Roberg/Shutterstock.com; (br1)
LockieCurrie/E+/Getty Images; (br2) Photodisc/Getty Images; 50 Sean Gallup/Getty Images News/Getty Images; 51 (t) Robert Harding Picture Library/National Geographic Image Collection;
(bl) Sam Abell/National Geographic Image Collection; 52-53 (spread) © Cengage; 53 (tl) Children flying kites, from an album of Chinese drawings, 1735 (w/c on paper)/Fraisse, Jean Antoine
(fl.1733-40)/Musee Conde, Chantilly/Musee Conde, Chantilly, France/Bridgeman Images; (cl) Children playing with kites, (gouache on paper)/Chinese School, (18th century)/Indivision
Charmet/Bibliotheque des Arts Decoratifs, Paris, France/Bridgeman Images; (c) Justin Guariglia/National Geographic Image Collection; (bc) View Stock/Alamy Stock Photo; 55 (cl1) Grandpa/
Shutterstock.com; (cl2) hancik/Shutterstock.com; (c) Mert Toker/Shutterstock.com; (cr) gbautista87/Shutterstock.com; 56-57 (spread) Stephen Emerson/500Px Plus/Getty Images; 58 © Cengage
2019; 60-61 (spread) © Barb Hogan; 62 (cl) polya_olya/Shutterstock.com; (cr) panco971/Shutterstock.com; (bl) Top Photo Engineer/Shutterstock.com; (br) Mastaco/Shutterstock.com;
62-63 (spread) Kateryna Kon/Shutterstock.com; 63 (tl) ravipat/Shutterstock.com; (tc) Mastaco/Shutterstock.com; (tr) Kleber Cordeiro/Shutterstock.com; (c) PR Image Factory/Shutterstock.com;
(cr) A Sharma/Shutterstock.com; (bc) Thongchai S/Shutterstock.com; (br1) Pat_Hastings/Shutterstock.com; (br2) © Cengage; 64-65 (spread) Albeiro Lopera/Reuters; 66 Nicholas Eveleigh/
Purestock/Getty Images; 67 (tl) MIXA/Getty Images; (tr) MIXA/Getty Images; (cl) MIXA/Getty Images; (cr) 9nong/Shutterstock.com; (b) © Cengage; 68 (tl) Anthony Saint James/Getty Images;
(tc) Sean Justice/Getty Images; (tr) Mitch York/Getty Images; (c) Ascent/PKS Media Inc./Getty Images; (cr) Image Source/Getty Images; 69 Jon Parker Lee/Alamy Stock Photo; 70 (c) Dorling
Kindersley/Getty Images; (tr) Custom Medical Stock Photo/Alamy Stock Photo; 72 Koichi Saito/a.collectionRF/Getty Images; 73 (t) Xinhua News Agency/eyevine/Redux; (bl) Rebecca Hale/
National Geographic Image Collection; 74-75 (spread) © Cengage; 76-77 (spread) Ahmad Yusni/EPA/REX/Shutterstock.com; 78-79 (spread) Jan Feindt/National Geographic Image
Collection; 79 (br1) (br2) © Cengage; 80-81 (spread) Stephen Alvarez/National Geographic Image Collection; 82 (tl) Motoring Picture Library/Alamy Stock Photo; (tc) Clearview/Alamy Stock
Photo; (tr) Motoring Picture Library/Alamy Stock Photo; (cl) Richard Corbett Photography/Moment Open/Getty Images; (c) Keisuke_N/Shutterstock.com; (cr) Todd Gipstein/National Geographic
Image Collection; (bl) Pablo Rivara/Alamy Stock Photo; (bc) Max Oppenheim/Getty Images; (br) Stockbyte/Getty Images; 83 (bl) (br) © Cengage; 84 (tl) Alain Shroder/Onoky/Getty Images;
(tc) David Malan/Photographer’s Choice RF/Getty Images; (tr) Hero Images/Getty Images; (c) Monalyn Gracia/Corbis; (cr) Gabriel Bouys/AFP/Getty Images; 85 © Cengage; 86 (tr) Victor
Fraile Rodriguez/Corbis Entertainment/Getty Images; (bl) Juan Medina/Reuters; 87 (cl1) Leon Neal/Getty Images; (cl2) David Moir/Reuters; (c1) Eric Gaillard/Getty Images; (c2) Gautier
Stephane/Sagaphoto.com/Alamy Stock Photo; (cr) RichardBaker/Alamy Stock Photo; 88 © Cengage; 89 (c) Annie Griffiths/National Geographic Image Collection; (bl) Mark Thiessen/
National Geographic Image Collection; 90 Christopher Furlong/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images; 90-91 (spread) © Cengage; 92-93 (spread) Brian Skerry/National Geographic
Image Collection; 94-95 (spread) © Cengage; 95 © Cengage; 96-97 (spread) Baian J. Skerry/National Geographic Image Collection; 99 (bc) (br1) © Cengage; (br2) iStock.com/Ranplett;
100 (tl) Natalie Fobes/Getty Images; (tc1) Eddie Gerald/Alamy Stock Photo; (tc2) Stockbyte/Getty Images; (tr) Jonathan Kantor/Getty Images; (cr) Peter Dazeley/Getty Images; 101 © Cengage;
102-103 (spread) Yoji Okata/Minden Pictures; 103 © Cengage; 104 (cr) Pat & Chuck Blackley/Alamy Stock Photo; (br) Amar and Isabelle Guillen - Guillen Photo LLC/Alamy Stock Photo;
105 (c) © Marc Hornig; (bl) David Doubilet/National Geographic Image Collection; 106-107 (spread) Rich Carey/Shutterstock.com; (c1) © Cengage; (c2) Larina Marina/Shutterstock.com;
(bl) Rich Carey/Shutterstock.com; 109 © Cengage; 110-111 (spread) Biosphoto/Alamy Stock Photo; 112 © Cengage; 114-115 (spread) Eduardo Munoz/National Geographic Image
Collection; 116 (c) Tetra Images/Getty Images; (bl) ullstein bild/Getty Images; 116-117 (spread) James O’Neil/DigitalVision/Getty Images; 117 (tl) Denis Torkhov/Shutterstock.com;
(cr) Donaldson Collection/Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images; (b) © Cengage; 118-119 (spread) Brent Stirton/Staff/Reportage Archive/Getty Images; 121 (tr) David Jakle/Image Source/
Getty Images; (bc) © Cengage; 122 (tc) (tr) (cl) (c) (cr) Marcos Calo/National Geographic Image Collection; 123 (tl) Stockbyte/Getty Images; (tc) Maksim Kabakou/Shutterstock.com;
(tr) Oleksiy Maksymenko Photography/Alamy Stock Photo; (cl1) Akugasahagy/Shutterstock.com; (cl2) C Squared Studios/Getty Images; (c1) Ryan McVay/Getty Images; (c2) Eternalfeelings/
Shutterstock.com; (cr1) TomBham/Alamy Stock Photo; (cr2) Creative Crop/Getty Images; (bl1) VOJTa Herout/Shutterstock.com; (bl2) Obak/Shutterstock.com; (bc1) Scanrail1/Shutterstock.com;
(bc2) imageBROKER/Alamy Stock Photo; (br1) Stockbyte/Getty Images; (br2) © Cengage; 124 (cl) © Andini Makosinski; (br) Brian Hagiwara/Getty Images; 125 © Diane Bisson; 126 efekt.net/
Moment/Getty Images; 127 (c) Sheep View 360/Rex Shutterstock.com; (bl) Mark Thiessen/National Geographic Image Collection; 128-129 (spread) © Cengage; 133 (tr1) Designs Stock/
Shutterstock.com; (tr2) Nearbirds/Shutterstock.com; (cr) Tommy Studio/Shutterstock.com; (br1) Ryan McVay/Getty Images; (br2) © Cengage; 132-133 (spread) ©The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund
International; 134-135 (spread) Reza/Getty Images News/Getty Images; 136 Lynn Johnson/National Geographic Image Collection; 137 (bc) (br) © Cengage; 138 (tl) Les Breault/Alamy
Stock Photo; (tc) Deban Debasis Rout/Shutterstock.com; (tr) Susie Adams/Getty Images; (c) Colin Keates/Getty Images; (cr) Emilio Ereza/Alamy Stock Photo; 139 (bl) (br) © Cengage;
140 (tr) veryandale/Alamy Stock Photo; (c) Robert Adrian Hillman/Alamy Stock Photo; (cr) Peter Casolino/Alamy Stock Photo; 141 (cl1) Orchid24/Shutterstock.com; (cl2) Kokhanchikov/
Shutterstock.com; (c1) Epics/Getty Images; (c2) Ruslan Ivantsov/Shutterstock.com; (cr) Brand X Pictures/Stockbyte/Getty Images; (bl) Anke van Wyk/Shutterstock.com; (bc) Ruslan Ivantsov/
Shutterstock.com; (br) Sally Anderson/Alamy Stock Photo; 142 Elena Schweitzer/Shutterstock.com; 143 (t) Greg Dale/National Geographic Image Collection; (bl) Jørn Hurum/National
Geographic Image Collection; 144-145 (spread) © Cengage; 145 (tr) LVV/Shutterstock.com; (cl1) Frank Anusewicz - Gallery click here/Shutterstock.com; (cl2) Paul Dymond/Lonely Planet
Images/Getty Images; (cr) David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc./Alamy Stock Photo; (br) Natalia Bratslavsky,2009/Used under license from Shutterstock.com; 146-147 (spread) Dan Barham/
Aurora Photos; 148-149 (spread) technotr/Getty Images; 149 (tl) Mike Powell/Getty Images; (b) © Cengage; 150-151 (spread) Jane Barlow/Camera Press/Redux; (c2) sumroeng chinnapan/
Shutterstock.com; 152 (tl) Hero Images/Getty Images; (cl1) T.M.O.Pictures/Alamy Stock Photo; (cl2) Rachel Husband/Photographer’s Choice RF/Getty Images; (br) Marcos Calo/National
Geographic Image Collection; 153 (bl) © Cengage; (br) Szekeres Szabolcs/Alamy Stock Photo; 154 (t) (cr) Marcos Calo/National Geographic Image Collection; 155 © Cengage;
156-157 (spread) Tim Oram/AGE Fotostock; 158 St Petersburg Times/ZUMA Press/Safety Harbor/Florida/USA/Newscom; 159 (c) Tyrone Turner/National Geographic Image Collection;
(bl) Lendell Marshall/National Geographic Image Collection; 160 (tl) (tc) (cl) (bl) © Cengage; 160-161 (spread) © Cengage; 162 (tl) Lamb/Alamy Stock Photo; (tc1) Ursula Alter/Getty Images;
(tc2) iStock.com/wesolc; (tc3) iStock.com/ackleyroadphotos; (tc4) Jeff Morgan 06/Alamy Stock Photo; (tc5) (b) © Cengage; (tr1) John Elk III/Getty Images; (tr2) iStock.com/sambrogio;
(cl1) iStock.com/deepblue4you; (cl2) iStock.com/narvikk; (cl3) Henrik5000/E-plus/Getty Images; (cl4) iStock.com/vasiliki; (c1) iStock.com/adventtr; (c2) iStock.com/futureimage; (cr) Picstudio/
Dreamstime LLC; (br) iStock.com/wwing; 164 (tl) ZU_09/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images; (r) Science Source; 164-165 (spread) Nella/Shutterstock.com; 165 Stuart Dee/Getty Images;
166 © Cengage; 169 (tl) Jupiterimages/Getty Images; (tc) Stockbyte/Getty Images; (cl) PBNJ Productions/Getty Images; (c) Andersen Ross Photography Inc/DigitalVision/Getty Images;
(cr) David Oxberry/Getty Images; (bl) Purestock/Getty Images; (bc) stock around me/Shutterstock.com; (br) DonSmith/Alamy Stock Photo; (r) JGI/Jamie Grill/Getty Images; 171 (tl) bestv/
Shutterstock.com; (tc) Rutina/Shutterstock.com; (tr) wacpan/Shutterstock.com; (cl1) Gena73/Shutterstock.com; (cl2) bigacis/Shutterstock.com; (c1) Piyapat Supanichwatin/Shutterstock.com;
(c2) Alessio Orru/Shutterstock.com; (cr1) Danny Smythe/Shutterstock.com; (cr2) Jiri Hera/Shutterstock.com; (bl) Andrey Shtanko/Shutterstock.com; (bc) MaraZe/Shutterstock.com; (br) Kyselova
Inna/Shutterstock.com; 173 (tl1) Lisa Romerein/Getty Images; (tl2) JRL/Getty Images; (tr1) iStock.com/Henrik5000; (tr2) iStock.com/EduardoLuzzatti; (cl1) Zedcreations/Dreamstime LLC;
(cl2) iStock.com/garysludden; (cl3) iStock.com/subjug; (cl4) Jamie Cross/Dreamstime LLC; (c1) David Papazian/Getty Images; (c2) Paul Bigland/Getty Images; (cr1) RubberBall/Alamy Stock
Photo; (cr2) PhotoAlto/Alamy Stock Photo; (bc1) Gary Ombler/Getty Images; (bc2) Vnlit/Dreamstime LLC; 175 (tl) (tc)(tr) (cl1) (cl2) (c1) (c2) (cr1) (cr2) (bl) (bc) (br) © Cengage; 177 (t)
iStock.com/richcarey; (tl) iStock.com/t3000; (tc1) iStock.com/Donhype; (tc2) iStock.com/richcarey; (tr) Tammy616/E+/Getty Images; (cr1) Eddie Gerald/Alamy Stock Photo; (cr2) iStock.com/
cdascher; (cr3) M Swiet Productions/Getty Images; (cr4) iStock.com/Extreme-Photographer; (cr5) Natalie Fobes/Getty Images; (bl) iStock.com/ifish; (bc1) Stockbyte/Getty Images; (bc2) Carrie
Vonderhaar/Ocean Futures Society/National Geographic Image Collection; (br) Eugène Le Droff/MaxPPP/Newscom; 179 (tl) Stockbyte/Getty Images; (tc) Maksim Kabakou/Shutterstock.com;
(tr) Oleksiy Maksymenko Photography/Alamy Stock Photo; (cl1) Akugasahagy/Shutterstock.com; (cl2) C Squared Studios/Getty Images; (c1) Ryan McVay/Getty Images; (c2) Eternalfeelings/
Shutterstock.com; (cr1) TomBham/Alamy Stock Photo; (cr2) Creative Crop/Getty Images; (b) VOJTa Herout/Shutterstock.com; (bc) imageBROKER/Alamy Stock Photo; (br1) Scanrail1/
Shutterstock.com; (br2) Obak/Shutterstock.com 181 (tl) Linda Bucklin/Dreamstime LLC; (tc) Les Breault/Alamy Stock Photo; (tr) Ivonne Wierink/Dreamstime LLC; (cl) photonic 14/Alamy Stock
Photo; (c) Hdconnelly/Dreamstime LLC; (cr) Colin Keates/Getty Images; (b) iStock.com/ozgurdonmaz; (bc) Stockbyte/Getty Images; S1 (tl1) (tl2) (tl3) (tl4) (tc) (tr1) (tr2) © Cengage;
(cl1) Phasut Waraphisit/Shutterstock.com; (cl2) Sergey Sukhorukov/Shutterstock.com; (c) RubberBall/Alamy Stock Photo; (cr1) Lyroky/Alamy Stock Photo; (cr2) RubberBall/Alamy Stock Photo;
(bl1) iStock.com/cosmin4000; (bl2) Jamie Cross/Dreamstime LLC; (bc) Henrik Sorensen/Getty Images; (br1) iStock.com/AK2; (br2) iStock.com/DonNichols; S2 (tl1) iStock.com/t3000;
(tl2) greenwales/Alamy Stock Photo; (tc) Stockbyte/Getty Images; (tr1) iStock.com/lucentius; (tr2) Jonas Ekstromer/REX/Shutterstock.com; (cl1) Gelpi/Shutterstock.com; (cl2) CSA Images/
Getty Images; (c) D. Hurst/Alamy Stock Photo; (cr2) Alexlukin/Shutterstock.com; (cr3) Tim Burrett/Shutterstock.com; (bl) ayazad/Shutterstock.com; (bc) Ruslan Kudrin/Shutterstock.com.

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4

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

Giant's Oceans of Plastic: Leonardo da Vinci: The

Hello! p. 58 What’s wrong? p. 112 Wow, that’s cool! p. 166

Look and answer.

2 Listen and repeat. TR: 1.2

3 Discuss. Work with a partner.

1 Listen, read, and sing. TR: 1.3

We’re All Different

2 Talk about you. Take turns

Your dad is tall ,

but my dad is taller . A portrait of cousins

1. My brother Mun-Hee is bigger (big) than I am.

2. My sister is (friendly) than my brother.

3. My Aunt Mae-Ran is (smart) than my uncle.

4. My grandmother is (short) than my mother.

5. My cousin Shin is (nice) than me.

Present progressive for future plans TR: 1.7

1 Read. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of

1. What’s your Aunt Sonia preparing for the reunion on Saturday?

2. Are you doing something special at the reunion?

glasses I (run) in the three-legged race, and

I (eat) lots of chocolate cake.

He has brown hair. She wears glasses.

• I n what ways can

Name Event Emotions

Make a class big book on family features. Now I can . . .

2 Work in groups of four to make a big book page.

3 Divide the page into four parts. I get my brown eyes

5 Write the names of relatives

Check T for True and F for False.

2. She’s eating fresh food. T

3. She’s eating fresh fruit. T

4. Do you want to eat this? Explain.

1 Listen and read. TR: 2.1

2 Listen and repeat. TR: 2.2

an eggplant green beans a zucchini

dig plant 3 Ask and answer. Work with a partner.

Why do people grow

water weed pick

1 Listen, read, and sing. TR: 2.3

1 Underline the correct answer.

2. My brother is stronger than me, so he dig. On Sunday, I .

6. He pick tomatoes this week.

S M T W T F S 1 Read. Complete the dialogue.

On this farm, farmers grow lettuce on shelves. The shelves can be

away less than three percent of the LETTUCE

buy how other vegetables sell what when who why

Can you grow other vegetables on an indoor farm?

Fresh Food or Canned Food?

• How can you show you

“Learning how to grow jalapeños changed my life.”

2  reate a card that tells about it.

3 Present your plant card to

4 Tell why you think your class

5 Vote for plants to grow

Did you know that a tomato

Look and circle.

Father and son biking to school, Uttar Pradesh, India

Then Now wash electric light

1 Listen, read, and sing. TR: 3.3

Things were different long ago,

2 Ask and answer. Work with a partner.

• I n what ways can

• How can you show you

2 reate a card that tells about it.

Ella: I don’t have any dolls, .