1

1 A sailor uses a winch to raise a sail on a boat. The diagram shows the sailor turning the winch.

sail

winch

Describe one non-useful energy transfer when the sailor uses the winch to raise the sail.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

2 A student lifts a 5.0 kg object from the floor onto a table. He does 75 J of work on the object in lifting
it onto the table.

State the amount of gravitational potential energy gained by the object due to being lifted onto the
table.

gravitational potential energy gained by object = .................................................... J [1]

[Total: 1]
 2

3 A sailor uses a winch to raise a sail on a boat. The diagram shows the sailor turning the winch.

sail

winch

Describe two useful energy transfers when the sailor uses the winch to raise the sail.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

4 Apart from cost, state two disadvantages of generating electricity using wind turbines compared
with using a power station that burns coal.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

5 The diagram shows two identical metal blocks, A and B, being lifted 3.0 m from ground level.

Block A is lifted by a motor. Block B is lifted by a person.

 3

block A block B
mass = 70 kg mass = 70 kg
3.0 m
ground
electric level
motor

Both blocks are lifted at the same steady speed. The blocks are then held at a height of 3.0 m.

(a) Compare the energy gained by block A with the energy gained by block B.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain why the energy input to the motor is more than the energy gained by block A.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]
 4

6 The diagram shows two identical metal blocks, A and B, being lifted 3.0 m from ground level.

Block A is lifted by a motor. Block B is lifted by a person.

block A block B
mass = 70 kg mass = 70 kg
3.0 m
ground
electric level
motor

Complete the following sentences.

As the motor starts turning, it usefully transfers ............................................... energy to

............................................... energy.

Both blocks gain ............................................... energy. [3]

[Total: 3]
 5

7 The diagram shows two identical metal blocks, A and B, being lifted 3.0 m from ground level.

Block A is lifted by a motor. Block B is lifted by a person.

block A block B
mass = 70 kg mass = 70 kg
3.0 m
ground
electric level
motor

Both blocks are lifted at the same steady speed. The blocks are then held at a height of 3.0 m.

An engineer determines the power output of the motor.

State the three measurements that the engineer needs to determine the power output of the motor.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................................

3. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 6

8 Diagram A shows an electric motor and pulley wheel being used to raise a load M. The electric
motor uses a belt to turn the pulley wheel.

pulley pivot
wheel belt

electric motor

load M

Diagram A

When the electric motor lifts the load, it transfers energy. Diagram B shows the energy transfers.

Write on Diagram B to complete the label in each box. The first label is done for you.

useful energy
electrical
..................... transfers .........................…………… .........................……………
energy energy
+ energy

wasted
energy
.........................……………
energy

Diagram B

[3]

[Total: 3]

9 Apart from cost, state two advantages of generating electricity using wind turbines compared with
using a power station that burns coal.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 7

10 Describe how a wind turbine generates electricity from energy in the wind.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

11 The diagram shows parts of a coal-fired power station.

transformer

transmission
X Y lines

coal

steam

boiler

cold water

Describe two useful energy transfers in this power station.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

12 Coal-fired power stations provide electricity for homes and industry.

A government decides to replace a coal-fired power station with a hydroelectric power station.

Apart from cost, state two disadvantages of generating electricity using a hydroelectric power
station compared with using a coal-fired power station.

1. .............................................................................................................................................

2. ............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 8

13 Coal-fired power stations provide electricity for homes and industry.

A government decides to replace a coal-fired power station with a hydroelectric power station.

Apart from cost, state two advantages of generating electricity using a hydroelectric power station
compared with using a coal-fired power station.

1................................................................................................................................................

2................................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 2]

14 The diagram shows some masses on a mass hanger attached to an elastic band. The elastic band
is stretched by the masses.

rigid support

elastic band

mass hanger

masses

When the student pulls the mass hanger down, energy is stored in the elastic band as elastic
potential energy.

Describe what happens to this energy store when the student releases the mass hanger and it
moves upwards.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 9

15 The diagram shows an outline of the main parts of a geothermal power station used to generate
electricity. Some parts of the power station are labelled.

State the names of the parts of the power station labelled A and B.

part A .......................................................................................................................................

part B ....................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

16 Draw a ring around the unit for work done from the list.

joule newton pascal watt

[1]

[Total: 1]
 10

17 The diagram shows part of a solar farm. The solar panels tilt and rotate.

The solar farm converts energy from a source into a different, useful form of energy.

State the energy source and the useful form of energy.

source ......................................................................................................................................

useful form of energy ............................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

18 A drone is a machine that can fly. The diagram shows a drone rising into the air, lifting a camera.

The drone obtains energy from a battery of cells.

When the drone moves, it wastes some energy. State the form of wasted energy and describe what
happens to this energy.

form of energy ..........................................................................................................................

description ................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 11

19 A drone is a machine that can fly. The diagram shows a drone rising into the air, lifting a camera.

The drone obtains energy from a battery of cells.

Complete the sequence of useful energy transfers as the drone rises into the air. One part is done
for you.

....................................... → electrical energy → ..............................................

[2]

[Total: 2]

20 The cost of electrical energy obtained from a geothermal power station is similar to the cost of
electrical energy obtained from wind turbines.

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of using a geothermal power station to generate
electricity compared with using wind turbines.

advantage ................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

disadvantage ............................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

21 State one disadvantage of using renewable sources for generating electricity compared to using
a coal-fired power station.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
 12

22 Diagrams A and B show two methods for generating electricity using renewable sources.

Diagram A Diagram B

Name the energy source for each method.

In diagram A, the energy source is ..........................................................................................

In diagram B, the energy source is .......................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

23 Nuclear power stations generate electricity.

Which of these statements describe an advantage of using nuclear power stations, and which of
them describe a disadvantage?

Put a tick (✓) in the correct column for each statement. The first one is done for you.

statement advantage disadvantage

nuclear power stations require high levels of security ✓

nuclear power stations produce small amounts of

carbon dioxide

nuclear power stations have a small effect on climate

change

waste radioactive material can take a very long time to

decay

[3]

[Total: 3]
 13

24 An energy resource is used to generate electrical energy.

Which energy resource uses a transfer of gravitational potential energy to generate this electrical
energy?

A geothermal
B hydroelectric
C solar
D wind
[1]

[Total: 1]

25 The student is in a country with many hours of sunshine each day. He charges his laptop using a
solar panel.

(a) Give two advantages of using a solar panel, compared with using a mains electrical supply.

1. .....................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) A mains battery charger has a power output of 80 W.

The solar panel has a power output of 16 W.

Describe one disadvantage of using the solar panel, compared with using the mains battery
charger.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

26 Some people are opposed to the use of nuclear power stations.

Give two disadvantages of using nuclear power stations.

1. .............................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

2. .............................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 14

27 One use of electricity is to turn an electric motor.

The efficiency of an electric motor is always less than 100%.

State the meaning of the term efficiency.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

28 The diagram shows parts of a coal-fired power station.

transformer

transmission
X Y lines

coal

steam

boiler

cold water

State the names of the parts of the power station labelled X and Y.

X ...............................................................................................................................................

Y ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

29 Coal-fired power stations provide electricity for homes and industry.

A government decides to replace a coal-fired power station with a hydroelectric power station.

Describe how electrical energy may be obtained from the gravitational potential energy of the water
behind a hydroelectric dam.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
 15

[Total: 3]

30 Geothermal energy is one source of renewable energy.

State two environmental advantages, other than being renewable, of a geothermal power station
compared to a coal-fired power station.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

31 A car driver needs to remove one of the wheels on his car. He puts a spanner on a wheel nut.

The driver releases a second wheel nut in a shorter time than the first wheel nut. The driver uses
the same amount of energy in releasing both wheel nuts.

less than the same as greater than

Complete the sentences using the phrases in the box. Each phrase may be used once, more than
once or not at all.

The work done in releasing the second wheel nut is ............................................... the work done
in releasing the first wheel nut.

The power produced in releasing the second wheel nut is ............................................... the power
produced in releasing the first wheel nut. [2]

[Total: 2]
 16

32 Electrical energy is provided to homes and industry from a coal-fired power station.

The main stages in the operation of a coal-fired power station are listed below.

They are not in the correct order.

A The boiler produces steam.

B The turbine turns a generator.
C Thermal energy transfers to water in a boiler.
D Chemical energy in coal transfers to thermal energy.
E The generator produces electrical energy.
F Steam turns a turbine.
G Coal burns in a furnace.

Complete the flow chart to describe how a coal-fired power station works.

Insert the missing letters in the empty boxes.

[3]

[Total: 3]
 17

33 Electrical energy is provided to homes and industry from a coal-fired power station.
Some people are against the use of coal-fired power stations.

Give two environmental problems caused by coal-fired power stations.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

34 In a power station, a conveyor belt lifts coal from a coal supply to a furnace. An electric motor moves
the conveyor belt. The diagram shows this arrangement.

The speed of the electric motor increases and the coal supply rate is increased. The conveyor belt
lifts more coal each second.

State the effect, if any, of increasing the motor speed on:

(a) the work done on each kilogram of coal

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) the output power of the motor.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]
 18

35 The diagram shows three horizontal forces acting on a car as it moves along a straight road.

The horizontal forces act along the same straight line.

The driver presses the brake pedal and the car slows down.
As the car slows down, the kinetic energy of the car decreases by 100 kJ.

Describe and explain what happens to this 100 kJ of energy.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

36 A man lifts 40 blocks onto a platform, as shown in diagram A.

He lifts 10 blocks at once and does this four times.

A machine can lift 40 blocks at once onto the same platform, as shown in diagram B.

Diagram A Diagram B

(a) State the term used for energy gained by the blocks when they are lifted onto the platform.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 19

(b) State how the energy gained by 40 blocks when lifted by the man compares with the energy
gained by 40 blocks when lifted by the machine.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

37 The diagram shows an electric circuit.

An electric current transfers energy from the battery to the filament lamp.

Explain how the principle of conservation of energy applies to this circuit.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
 20

38 The diagram shows a wind turbine.

Describe how the wind turbine produces electrical energy

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
 21

39 The diagram shows a geothermal power station.

Describe how the geothermal power station generates electricity.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

40 A man is working on a platform. He uses a rope to raise a bag from the ground to the platform as
shown in the diagram.
 22

(a) State the type of energy gained by the bag as it is lifted at constant speed.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The man then lifts a second bag from the ground to the platform. The first bag weighs 100 N
and the second bag weighs 150 N.

On which bag of materials does the man do more work?

...........................................................................................................................................

Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[1]

(c) The man wants to determine his useful power as he lifts one of the bags. He knows the weight
of the bag. State the two other quantities he needs to know.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 4]