(No Model.) 2.

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N TESLA
METHOD OF OPERATINGELECTRO MAGNETIC MOTORS,
No. 416,192. Patented Dec. 3, 1889,

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(No Model.) 2. Sheets-Sheet 2.
N TESLA
METHOD OF OPERATING ELECTRO MAGNETIC MOTORS,
No. 416, 192, Patented Dec. 3, 1889,

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 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
NIKOLATESLA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE TESLA ELECTRIC
y w m & COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

METHOD OF OPERATING ELECTRO MAGNETIC MOTORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 416,192, dased December 3, 1889.
Application filed May 20, 1889, Serial No. 311,414, (No model.)
Io all whom it may conce77. (it is not necessary to consider any case where
Be it known that I, NIKOLATESLA, a sub there are more than two circuits used,) which, 55
ject of the Emperor of Austria, from Smiljan, by reason of their different self-induction,
Lika, border country of Austria-Hungary, and secure a difference of phase between the two
5 a resident of New York, in the county and currents in the two branches that produces
State of New York, have invented certain a shifting or rotation of the poles. By the
new and useful Improvements in Methods of alternations of current other currents are 6o
Operating Electro-Magnetic Motors, of which induced in the closed-or short-circuited
the following is a specification, reference be armature-coils and the motor has a strong
Io ing had to the drawings accompanying and torque. When the desired speed is reached,
forming a part of the same. the shunt around the armature-coils is opened
In a patent granted to me April 16, 18S9, and the current directed through both arma- 65
No. 401,520, I have shown and described a ture and field coils. Under these condi
method of starting and operating synchro tions the motor has a strong tendency to
I5 nizing motors which involved the transforma synchronism.
tion of the motor from a torque to a synchro In the drawings hereto annexed I have
nizing motor. This I have heretofore done illustrated several modifications of the plan to
by a change of the circuit-connections, where above set forth for operating motors. The
by on the start the poles or resultant attrac figures are diagrams, and will be explained
2O tion of the field-magnets of the motor were in their order.
shifted or rotated by the action of the current Figure 1: A and B designate the field-coils
until the motor reached synchronous speed, of the motor. As the circuits including these 75
after which the poles were merely alternated. coils are of different self-induction, I have
The present applicationis based upon another represented this by a resistance-coil R in cir
25 Way of accomplishing this result, the main cuit with A, and a self-induction coil S in cir
features being as follows: If an alternating cuit with B. The same result may of course
current be passed through the field-coils only be secured by the winding of the coils. C is 8o
of a motor having two energizing-circuits of the armature-circuit, the terminals of which
different self-induction and the armature are rings C. b. Brushes c d beal on these
3o coils be short-circuited, the motor will have a rings and connect with the line and field
strong torque, but little or no tendency to circuits. D is the shunt or short circuit
synchronism with the generator; but if the around the armature. E is the Switch there- 85
same current which energizes the field be in. The operation of these devices I have
passed also through the armature-coils the Stated above.
35 tendency to remain in synchronism is very It will be observed that in such a disposit
considerably increased. This is due to the tion as is illustrated in Fig. 1, the field-cir
fact that the maximum magnetic effects pro cuits A and B being of different self-induc- 9o
duced in the field and armature more nearly tion, there will always be a greater lag of
coincide. This principle discovered by me I the current in one than the other, and
4o have utilized in the operation of motors. In that, generally, the armature phases will not
other Words, I construct a motor having in correspond with either, but with the result
dependent field-circuits of different self-in ant of both. It is therefore important to ob- 95
duction, which are joined in derivation to a serve the proper rule in Winding the arma
source of alternating currents. The arma ture. For instance, if the motor have eight
45 ture I wind with one or more coils, which are poles-four in each circuit-there will be four
connected with the field-coils through contact resultant poles, and hence the armature-wind
rings and brushes, and around the armature ing should be such as to produce four poles, Ioo
coils I arrange a shunt with means for open in order to constitute a true synchronizing
ing or closing the same. In starting this mo lmOtOl.
5o tor I close the shunt around the armature Fig 2: This diagram differs from the pre
coils, which will therefore be in closed cir vious one only in respect to the order of con
cuit. When the current is directed throtigh nections. In the present case the armature- Io5
the motor, it divides between the two circuits, coil, instead of being in series with the field
 416,192
coils, is in multiple are therewith. The ar at the same time the conditions are such that
mature-winding may be similar to that of the the motor comes out of synchronism more
field-that is to Say, the armature may have readily. To increase the tendency to synch 7 O
two or more coils wound or adapted for dif ronism, two circuits may be used on the arma
ferent self-induction and adapted, prefera ture, one of which is short-circuited on the
bly, to produce the same difference of phase start and both connected with the external
as the field-coils. On starting the motor the circuit after the synchronous speed is reached
shunt is closed around both coils. This is or passed. This disposition is shown in Fig. 75
shown in Fig. 3, in which the armature-coils 5. There are three contact-rings at be and
O are E. G. To indicate their different elec three brushes c clf, which connect the arma
trical character, I have shown in circuit with ture-circuits with the external circuit. On
them, respectively, the resistance R and the starting, the switch. His turned to complete
self-induction coil S. The two armature coils the connection between one binding-post P
are in series with the field-coils and the same and the field-coils. This short-circuits one
disposition of the shunt or short circuit D is of the armature-coils, as G. The other coil
used. It is of advantage in the operation of mo F is out of circuit and open. When the
tors of this kind to constructor wind the arma motor is up to speed, the switch II is turned
ture in such manner that when short-circuited back, so that the connection from binding
on the start it will have a tendency to reach a post P to the field-coils is through the coil
higher speed than that which synchronizes G, and switch K is closed, thereby including
with the generator. For example, a given mo coil F in multiple arc with the field-coils.
tor having, say, eight poles should run, with Both armature-coils are thus active.
the armature-coil short-circuited, at two thou From the above-described instances it is
sand revolutions per minute to bring it up to evident that many other dispositions for car
25 synchronism. It will generally happen, how rying out the invention are possible.
ever, that this speed is not reached, owing to I do not claim herein the method and
the fact that the armature and field Currents means described and shown for operating a
do not properly correspond, so that when the motor by producing artificially a difference 95
current is passed through the armature (the of current phase in its independent ener
30 motor not being quite up to Synchronism) gizing-circuits; nor do I claim, broadly, a
there is a liability that it would not “hold motor having independent energizing - cir
on,” as it is termed. I therefore prefer to so cuits of different self-induction and arma
wind or construct the motor that On the start, ture-circuits connected therewith, as these CYO
when the armature-coils are short-circuited, features are made subjects of other applica
35 the motor will tend to reach a Speed higher tions which I have filed.
than the synchronous-as, for instance, double What I claim is
the latter. In such case the difficulty above 1. The method herein described of operat
alluded to is not felt, for the motor Will al ing alternating-current motors having inde
ways hold up to synchronism if the synch pendent energizing-circuits, which consists
ronous speed--in the case Supposed of two in short-circuiting the armature circuit or
thousand revolutions-is reached Or passed. circuits until the motor has reached or passed
This may be accomplished in various ways; a synchronizing speed and then connecting
but for all practical purposes the following Said armature-circuits with the external cil O
will suffice: I wind on the armature tWO Sets cuit, as set forth.
45 of coils. On the start Ishort-circuit One Only, 2. The method of operating alternating
thereby producing a number of poles on the current motors having field-coils of different
armature, which will tend to run the speed up self-induction, which consists in directing al
above the synchronous limit. When such ternating CulrelatS from an extel'nal Source f 15
limit is reached or passed, the current is di through the field-circuits only until the mo
SO rected through the other coil, which, by in tor has reached a given speed and then di
creasing the number of armature-poles, tends recting said currents through both the field
to maintain synchronism. In Fig. 4 such a circuits and One or more of the armature-cir
disposition is shown. The motor having, cuits, as set forth.
say, eight poles contains two field-circuits. A 3. The method of operating alternating
55 and B, of different self-induction. The arma current motors having field-coils of different
ture has two coils F and G. The former is self-induction, which consists in directing al
closed upon itself, the latter connected With ternating currents from an external source
the field and line through contact-rings (l, b,
through the field-circuits and short-circuiting I 25
brushes c. d, and a switch E. On the start a part of the armature-circuits, and then when
the coil F alone is active and the motor tendsthe motor has attained a given speed direct
to run at a speed above the Synchronous; but ing the alternating currents through both the
when the coil G is connected to the circuit field and one or more of the armature-circuits,
the number of armature-poles is increased, as Set forth.
while the motor is made a true Synchronous NIKOLA TESTA.
motor. This disposition has the advantage Witnesses:
that the closed armature-circuit imparts to ROBT. F. GAYLORD,
the motor torque when the speed falls off, but FRANK E. ARTILEY.