Topics

• Multiplication of Vectors

• Dot Product

• Characteristic of Dot Product

• Cross Product

• Characteristic of Cross Product

Determination of Value of Components of Vector
 Multiplication of Vectors
❑ Multiplication by Scalar:

✓ Value of vector changes but direction remains unchanged.

 Multiplication of Vectors
2. Multiplication by Vectors:
• Dot Product
• Cross Product
Projection
 Dot Product
❑ The multiplication of two vectors by which a scalar quantity is found is called the
scalar multiplication of vectors. The product of the values of the two vectors and
the cosine of the angle between them is called scalar product or dot product.
Component
Dot Products of Rectangular Unit Vectors
Y

Z
 Dot Products of Vectors divided into Components of Vectors

❑ A = Ax መiሶ + Ayመjሶ + Az k෠
❑ B = Bx መiሶ + Byመjሶ + Bz k෠

෠ (Bx መiሶ + Byመjሶ + Bz k)

✓ A. B = (Ax መiሶ + Ayመjሶ + Az k). ෠

✓ A. B = (Ax Bx + Ay By + AZ BZ )
 Dot Product

❑ P. Q = PQcos θ

❑ P. Q = Px Q x + Py Q y + Pz Q z
 Mathematical Problem
ഥ = 𝟒𝐢መሶ + 𝟑መ𝐣ሶ and 𝐁
❖𝐀 መ
ഥ = 𝟐𝐢መሶ + 𝟒መ𝐣ሶ + 𝐤

(a) Find the projection and component of B onto A.

(b) Find the angle between A and B .

 Dot Product

P.Q
❑ Projection of Q onto P = Q cos θ =
P

−1 P.Q
❑ Angle between P & Q = θ = cos
QP
 Condition of 2 Vectors to be Perpendicular

❑ 𝐏. 𝐐 = 𝐏𝐐𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟗𝟎° = 𝟎
 Poll Question-01

መ and 𝟓መ𝐣?
❑ What is the dot product between 𝟐𝐢መሶ + 𝟑𝐤 ሶ

(a) 15
(b) 17
(c) 10
(d) 0
 Mathematical Problem
መ and 𝐁 = 𝟒𝐢መሶ − 𝐚 መ𝐣ሶ + 𝐚𝐤
❖ If 𝐀 = 𝟑 𝐢መሶ + መ𝐣ሶ − 𝐚𝐤 መ are perpendicular to each other, then what
is the value of a?
 Mathematical Problem
❖𝐀 መ and 𝐁
ഥ = 𝟑𝐢መሶ + 𝐦መ𝐣ሶ + 𝟑𝐤 ഥ = −𝟐𝐢መሶ + 𝟑መ𝐣ሶ Find m if the vectors are perpendicular.
 Mathematical Problem
❖ If the sum and subtraction of two vectors are equal, what is the value of the angle
between the two vectors?
 Mathematical Problem
෡ with every three axis?
❑ What are the angles of the vector 𝐀 = 𝟐𝒊መሶ − 𝟑𝒋መሶ + 𝒌
 Cross Product
❑ If the product of two vector quantities is a vector quantity, then such a product is called
vector multiplication or cross multiplication.

❑ The value of two vectors and the product of the sine of the angle between them is
called the value of the vector product.
 Cross Product

A B
Cross Product
Cross Product
Cross Product
 Cross Product

❑ 𝑷 × 𝑸 = (𝑷𝑸𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)ෝ
𝜼

✓ Magnitude: The area of the parallelogram that the vectors span.

✓ Direction: Perpendicular to both P and Q, with a direction given by the right-
hand rule.
Cross Products of Vectors divided into Components of Vectors

መ
𝐚 = 𝐚𝟏 𝐢መሶ + 𝐚𝟐 መ𝐣ሶ + 𝐚𝟑 𝐤 Ԧ𝐛 = 𝐛𝟏 𝐢መሶ + 𝐛𝟐 መ𝐣ሶ + 𝐛𝟑 𝐤
መ

𝐜Ԧ = 𝐚 × Ԧ𝐛

𝐢መሶ መ𝐣ሶ መ
𝐤
𝐜Ԧ = 𝐚𝟏 𝐚𝟐 𝐚𝟑
𝐛𝟏 𝐛𝟐 𝐛𝟑

𝐚𝟐 𝐚𝟑 𝐚𝟏 𝐚𝟑 𝐚𝟏 𝐚𝟐
𝐜Ԧ = 𝐢መሶ 𝐛 − መ𝐣ሶ + መ
𝐤
𝟐 𝐚𝟑 𝐛𝟏 𝐛𝟑 𝐛𝟏 𝐛𝟐

መ 𝐚𝟏 𝐛𝟐 − 𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟏
𝐜Ԧ = 𝐢መሶ 𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟑 − 𝐚𝟑 𝐛𝟐 − መ𝐣ሶ 𝐚𝟏 𝐛𝟑 − 𝐚𝟑 𝐛𝟏 + 𝐤
 Cross Products of Rectangular Unit Vectors

Z
 Condition of 2 Vectors to be Parallel

❑ P × Q = PQsin0° = 0

Px Py Pz
❑ Or, = =
Qx Qy Qz
 Unit Perpendicular Vectors
❑ Unit vectors perpendicular to the plane containing P and Q,

P×Q
➢ 𝜂Ƹ = ±
PQ sin𝜃
 Poll Question-02

መ × 𝟓መ𝐣ሶ = ?
❑ 𝟑𝐤

(a) 15
(b) 15መiሶ
(c) −15መiሶ
(d) 0
 Mathematical Problem
෡ & 𝑩 = −𝟑𝒊መሶ + 𝒋መሶ + 𝐧𝒌
❖ If 𝑨 = 𝟔𝒊መሶ + 𝐦𝒋መሶ − 𝟏𝟎𝒌 ෡ vectors are parallel, then determine
the values of m & n.
 Mathematical Problem ( H.W )
መ and 𝐁
ഥ = 𝟔𝐢መሶ + 𝐦መ𝐣ሶ − 𝟏𝟎𝐤
❖𝐀 መ + 𝟓መ𝐣.ሶ Find the value of m if the vectors are parallel.
ഥ = −𝟑𝐢መሶ + 𝟓𝐤
 Mathematical Problem
❖ If 𝑨 = 𝟓𝒋መሶ + 𝟔𝒊መሶ and 𝑩 = 𝟓𝒊መሶ + 𝟑𝒋መሶ indicate the two sides of a parallelogram, then what
is the area of the parallelogram?
 Mathematical Problem
෡ , 𝐁 = 𝒊መሶ − 𝟐𝐣̇ሶመ − 𝟒𝒌
❑ If 𝐀 = 𝟐𝒊መሶ − 𝒋መሶ + 𝟑𝒌 ෡ & 𝐂 = 𝟓𝐢̇ሶመ + 𝐦𝐣̇ሶመ + 𝟐𝒌
෡ ; vectors are co-planar,
determine the value of m.
 Home Work (Creative Question)
❑

෡ and 𝑩 = 𝟑𝒊መሶ − 𝒋መሶ + 𝟐𝒌

In figure, 𝑨 = 𝟓𝒊መሶ + 𝟐𝒋መሶ + 𝟑𝒌 ෡

(a) What is position vector? 1

(b) Why is it easy to pull the trolly bag if handle is long? 2
(c) Determine the unit vector which is perpendicular on both A and B vectors. 3
(d) Will the value of α and β be equal? Explain with mathematical logic. 4