Sine Rule

❖ Statement: Any side of a triangle is proportional to the sine of its opposite angle.

A
BC AC AB
= =
sin ∠BAC sin ∠ABC sin ∠ACB
c b
a b c
⇒ = =
sin A 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 sin C
B a C
 Vector Components
❖ Component of a vector along any direction indicates the effect of the vector in that
direction.
Applying Sine Rule in 𝚫𝐎𝐀𝐁
C B P R Q
= =
sin β sin[π−(α+β)] sin α
𝑹 𝜷
𝑸 P R Q
𝜷 𝑸 ⇒ = =
sin β sin (α+β) sin α
𝜶
O A ⇒P=
R sin β
Q=
R sin α
𝑷 sin(α+β) sin(α+β)
 Perpendicular Components

𝐏
 Practice Problem
❖ A piece of wood is being pulled by a 200 N force at a 60 degree angle with the horizontal.
What is the horizontal effective force on the object? [DU ’13-14]
 Poll Question-01

❑ 𝛂 + 𝛃 = 𝟗𝟎°; Which one is correct?

𝑸
(a) Q = R cos β 𝜷 𝑹
𝜶
(b) P= R sin β 𝑷

(c) Q = R sin α
(d) All
 Pulling the Rope of a Boat

F cos 𝜃
𝜃

F sin 𝜃 F
 Lawn Roller : Pull and Push
Push Pull
T 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
T
T 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽

𝜽
𝜽

T T 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽

T 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
Apparent Weight = Apparent Weight =
 Practice Problem
❖ A lawn roller of 20 kg is being (i) Pulled (ii) Pushed at an angle of 𝟑𝟎° with vertical
with a force of 20 N. What will be the apparent weight?
 Theorem of Resolved Parts
P3
P2 R
Pn
𝛉𝟑 𝛉𝟐 𝛉
𝛉𝐧 P1
𝛉𝟏

O X

❖ Taking components along OX,

P1 cos θ1 + P2 cos θ2 + P3 cos θ3 + … … … + Pn cos θn = R cos θ

❖ Taking components along the perpendicular direction to OX,

P1 sin θ1 + P2 sin θ2 + P3 sin θ3 + … … … + Pn sin θn = R sin θ
 Practice Problem

60 N 50 N

𝟕𝟎°
100 N
𝟑𝟎°

50 N

❖ Find the Resultant for the vectors shown in the figure.

Relative Velocity

O A B
 Relative Velocity

A B
 Practice Problem
❖ A car is moving north at 5m/s and a truck is moving east at 10m/s. Determine the
velocity of the truck relative to the car.
 Practice Problem
❖ When a man is moving north at a speed of 5m/s, it starts raining vertically at a speed of
3m/s. To avoid the rain, at what angle he has to hold the umbrella with the horizontal?
 Poll Question-02
❑ It is raining at a 30 degree angle with the horizontal to the windshield of a car.
As the speed of rain increases, the angle of the rain relative to the vehicle-

(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(c) Stays the same
(d) Can’t say
 Resolution of Vector in 2-D Coordinate

Y
P(x , y)

y 𝒋መሶ

O x 𝒊መሶ M X
 Resolution of Vector in 3-D Coordinate

Z
P(x , y , z)

መ
z𝐤
O Y
x 𝒊መሶ
M
y 𝒋መሶ N
X
 Poll Question-03

መ Which one is true for 𝐏?

❑ 𝐏 = 𝟓 𝒊መሶ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐤;

(a) Stands on X-Z plane

(b) Magnitude is 13 unit
(c) 2𝑗መሶ is perpendicular to P
(d) All three
Addition and Subtraction of Resolved Normal Vectors
Expression of a Vector From the Coordinates of Initial and Final Point

Y
P(𝐱 𝟏 , 𝐲𝟏 , 𝐳𝟏 )

Q (𝐱 𝟐 , 𝐲𝟐 , 𝐳𝟐 )

O X
 Practice Problem

❖ An insect moves from A(2,1,3) to B(4,3,2).

(i) Determine the displacement of the insect.
(ii) Determine the magnitude of the displacement of the insect.
(iii) Determine the unit vector in the opposite direction of the displacement.