Civil Engineering May 2021 Review Innovations Plane Trigonometry 1

ANGLES = space between two rays that extend from a Quotient Relations: Versine (versed sine): vers A = 1 – cos A
common point called the vertex. tan A =
sin A
cot A =
cos A
Coversed sine: covers A = 1 – sin A
Acute angle – angle less than 900 cos A sin A
Right Angle – angle equal to 900 Haversine: hav A = ½ (1 – cos A)
Pythagorean Relations:
Obtuse Angle – angle greater than 900
sin2A + cos2A = 1 Exsecant: exsec A = sec A – 1
Straight Angle – angle equal to 1800
1 + tan2A = sec2A
Reflex Angle – angle greater than 1800 PERIOD, AMPLITUDE & FREQUENCY
1 + cot2A = csc2A
Complementary Angles = 2 angles whose sum is 900 Period (T) = interval over which the graph of a function
Supplementary Angles = 2 angles whose sum is 180 0 repeats.
IDENTITIES:
Explementary Angles = 2 angles whose sum is 3600 Amplitude (A) = greatest distance of any point on the
Co-function Identities:
ANGLES OF MEASUREMENTS: graph from a horizontal line which passes halfway
sin (900 – θ) = cos θ
1 revolution = 2π rad between the maximum and minimum values of the
cos (900 – θ) = sin θ
= 3600 function.
tan (900 – θ) = cot θ
= 400 grads Frequency (ω) = number of repetitions/cycles per unit of
= 6400 mils time or 1/T.
Sum of Two Angles:
RIGHT TRIANGLE FORMULAS:
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
FUNCTION PERIOD AMPLITUDE
a c cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B
sin A = csc A = y = A sin (Bx + C) 2π/B A
c a
tan A + tan B y = A cos (Bx + C) 2π/B A
tan (A + B) = y = A tan (Bx + C) π/B -
1−tan A tan B
b c Difference of Two Angles:
cos A = sec A = Sample Problems:
c b sin (A - B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B
1. Two sides of a triangle are 10 cm and 25 cm
cos (A - B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B respectively. The perimeter maybe:
a b A. 72 cm C. 39 cm
tan A = cot A = tan A − tan B
b a tan (A - B) = B. 69 cm D. 50 cm
1 + tan A tan B
Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2 Double Angle: 2. A, B and C are the interior angles of a triangle. If
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
(tanA)(tanB)(tanC) = 8.2424 and tanA + tanB = 2.5712,
OBLIQUE TRIANGLES FORMULAS:
cos 2A = cos2A – sin2A what is tanC?
Sine Law: 2tan A
a b c
tan 2A = 3. If sin(3x) = cos(9y), what is x + 3y equal to?
1−tan2 A
= =
sin A sin B sin C
Half-Angle: 4. A certain angle has an explement 5 times the
Cosine Law: supplement. Find the angle.
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A sin
A
= ±√
1 − cos A
cos
A
= ±√
1 + cos A
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B 2 2 2 2 5. How many mils are equivalent to 200 grads?
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C A 1−cos A
tan
2
= ±√1+cos A 6. Find the amplitude & period of
FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS: Squares: y = sinx cosx
Reciprocal Relations: 1−cos 2A 1 + cos 2A
cot A = 1 / tan A sin2A = cos2 A = 7. Given a triangle ABC, how many possible triangle/s
2 2
1−cos 2A can be formed for the ff conditions: AB=18 m, AC=25 m
sec A = 1 / cos A tan2 A =
csc A = 1 / sin A 1 + cos 2A and Angle C=420

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Civil Engineering May 2021
8. Given two sides and an angle of a triangle ABC: AB=40
cm, AC=35 cm, Angle B=650. How many distinct
triangle/s can be formed?
9. In triangle ABC, AB=11 cm, BC=5.4 cm and Angle
C=1540. How many triangle/s can be made?
10. An observer measured the angle of elevation of the
top of the building and found it to be 26.40. After moving
74.5 m closer to the building, the angle of elevation of the
top of the building was 52.60. How high is the building?
11. A pole cast a shadow 15 m long when the angle of
elevation of the sun is 630. If the pole leans 150 from the
vertical towards the sun, determine the length of the pole.
12. Two stations A and B were set up to determine the
height of a mountain. The angles of elevation to the top
of the mountain measured from stations A and B were
27.250 and 30.210 respectively. Station A is 55 m above
station B. Station B is 310 m closer to the mountain. If the
elevation of station A is 421.63 m, what is the elevation of
the top of the mountain?
13. From the top of a tower 100 m high, two points A and
B in the plane of its base have angles of depression of 15 0
and 120 respectively. The horizontal angle subtended by
points A and B at the foot of the tower is 48 0. Find the
distance between the two points.
14. A boat left Port O and sailed S 46 0 E at 50 mph. Two
hours later, another boat left the same port at 40 mph and
sailed N 280 E. What is the bearing of the 1st boat from the
2nd boat two hours after the 2nd boat left Port O?
Problems for Practice:
1. Determine the amplitude, period and phase shift of
the function:
y = 4sin(2x+/2)
Answer: Amplitude = 4; Period = ;
Phase Shift = -/4
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2. If 2700≤A≤3600 and vers A = 0.5, find A.
Answer: 3000
3. (tan θ + cot θ)2 sin2 θ – tan2 θ = X, Compute for the value
of X.
a. 0 c. 1
b. sin θ d. cos θ
4. If arcsin (3x-4y) = 1.5708 and arcos (x-y) = 1.0472, what
is the value of x?
Answer: 1.00
5. Find the equivalent expression for cos(2arcsinx).
Answer: 1-2x2
6. From 6:15 A.M. to 6:40 A.M. of the same day, what
length of arc is described by the minute hand of a clock
12 cm long?
Answer: 10 cm
7. An airplane starts to take off when it is 240 m away
from a wall at the end of the runway which is 12 m high.
If the plane takes off at an angle of 8o, by what vertical
distance will it clear the wall?
Answer: 21.73 m
8. A flagpole is placed on top of a pedestal at a distance
of 15 m from the observer. The height of the pedestal is
20 m. If the angle subtended by the flagpole at the
observer is 100, compute the height of the flagpole.
Answer: 9.61 m
9. The angle of elevation of a point C from a point B is 290
42’. The angle of elevation of C from another point A 31.2
m below B is 590 23’. How high is C from the horizontal
line through A?
Answer: 47.10 m
10. A vertical pole is 10 m from a building. When the
angle of elevation of the sun is 450, the pole cast a shadow
on the building 1 m high. Find the height of the pole.
Answer: 11 m
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Plane Trigonometry 1
11. Points A and B 1000 m apart are plotted on a straight
highway running East and West. From A, tower C is 32 o
N of W and from B, tower C is 26o N of E. Compute the
shortest distance of tower C to the highway.
Answer: 273.92 m
12. A and B are points on the opposite sides of a certain
body of water. Another point C is located such that AC =
197m, BC = 157m and angle BAC = 510. Determine the
distance AB.
Answer: 89.19 m or 158.76 m
13. The side of a mountain slopes upward at an angle of
210 14’. At a point on the mountain side, a mine tunnel is
constructed at an angle of 150 27’ downward from the
horizontal. Find the vertical distance to the surface of the
mountain from a point 250 meters down the tunnel.
Answer: 160.23 m
14. It is desired to determine the distance between two
inaccessible objects A and B. Both A and B are visible
from two other points C and D. Given the following
measurements, determine the distance AB: DC = 153.4 m,
ADB = 580 22’, ADC = 810 17’, BCA = 650 43’ and BCD =
1000 08’
Answer: 153.40 m
15. A clock has a dial face 12 inches in radius. The minute
hand is 9 inches long while the hour hand is 6 inches long.
The plane of rotation of the minute hand is 2 inches
above the plane of rotation of the hour hand. Find the
distance between the tips of the hands at 5:40 AM.
Answer: 9.17 inches
16. From a point A at the foot of the mountain, the angle
of elevation of the top B is 600. After ascending the
mountain one mile at an inclination of 300 to the horizon
and reaching a point C, observer finds that the angle ACB
is 1350. Compute the height of the mountain.
Answer: 12,492.61 ft
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